DOCSLIB.ORG

Sources of Medieval History of India : 1192-1739 A.D. an Annotated & Select Bibliography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sources of Medieval History of India : 1192-1739 A.D. an Annotated & Select Bibliography SOURCES OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY OF INDIA : 1192-1739 A.D. AN ANNOTATED & SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF LIBRARY SCIENCE 1976-77 By SHAMSHAD KHAN DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH Roll No. 1 Enrolment No. G-5676 ^^., ^^' '*^'*««»M*-»«-^ DS1029 TAJ FAHAI, A(1R4 DRSAM IN FARBIE VEDXQhTBD TO ftr fatlMr and iioiiiQr nho sacrii'ic a ttiair worldXy hxmcijem and sent me £rom tha remote vlllag« in getting the training o£ the pro2aaeie» and w&f3m tm litj^ratie* •a» oaapil&: eaqsresses hi* dosp sQiwe of ^^ratltuao to Mr* Atnugaffar lQiaii« Xiaotusrar* Dapartmont o£ XJLIarary soienoof Allgash Hiislifli unkvoxaltat* AXXgajch for hi4i eronstant guidance and ataaie encKwirac^Nin^t In preparing thio dissertation and aQe[|pdU.ation o£ the b>iba.ioyraptiy» Z aa ajlao ind^otaA to Fxo£* H»K* RaBVl« Head of l^tie Itlbrary seionoe Departciestt aaa UUbrarian* Aligasli Htislim univarsity^ Alig^q^ £or his iciod penaission in consulting «ho VQiuable liateiriea. in ttm Manusaript Section o£ the Mauiana Assad hiimory, AligaKh H^Alim oniversitar* the asdistande o£ tlyo Itibrarianv e£ Qentro &£ AdvanoQd studies* Dopar^nKit oi fiistocy* Aligach nusUiii univarsity* mtional Ardtiives 9i toAiM, Nair Delhi* Agoi^ieolegicBa. survey o£ Zndis* Haw Delhi and Indian aaunc3ii of KLstorioal Eteseacch# nm Dsihi is also aoknoidedgad* ietmimAmd Khan) To Janau acQrthJLbg tiiaraaginXy, nothing acKsossii^Ie mmt be six Qtliv^^ Lodgo COMTEHTS Pages 'Om TsJ rialtal at />gra « Oroam In taarisle PART X CHAPISR X immoDijcTion 1 uefinitlcm a£ history 1 2 origin and develo^xnant 1 3 V^Xuo atid U0oe 4 4 CoiK^pts 5 5 AlmD ana obJcxstiiKMi 6 CHAP^R 2 DEVSI*0i^f5lir OP msTORJf IN ZIOZA SINCE HDmVhli TSME X I49diai^ period 7 2 British period 8 3 Af tor Zna€|pdndcKioe 8 4 Period ooverod in Bibliagra|)l^ 10 5 Sources o£ Hadlsval zndian histcnry 11 6 2&iparts.nt events o£ the period li CHAPTER 3 SOUI^CiaS OF HZSIQRY ]. KintSs 17 2 i^thoc^ Q£ findiiio 18 3 Oct}anis5ation of aateriol 19 4 ATTcingemf^it 20 PART 2 CHAPTSR % SOW^ULB OF OjASSirZC^^TZOll 23 CmPTBR 3 CLASS ZFZI2D htmcmKTm BZBLioc»Apinr 2S CH;\rZ£R 3 Z Author Z06 2 subjoot 112 3 litlft 114 CHAPTER 4 ZLLIK^IKATZOI® 1 iiortlMam zndla In 1206 A.iJ,«•=*»« 52 2 Zndia durlngAlaMiiS'-Oiii Khalji'a r^eign " 73 3 BabQr*8 €a«ilre ** 89 4 Znaia during Alcbar Um Great " 93 5 Mughal oivlre at the aid o£ 17th oentury " i<U. 1 /vlt29Br*s tORib/ Sikanaara^ Agra " 69 2 Qutb Mltkar« Delhi " 72 3 Qi,imn-'U4AmB, Rod Fart, £»lhi •• 84 4 Bulana Darwaza, rat^vur SiJcrl" 8S 5 f^nghal iQliilature {laintliig of Doval R«inl idiiar Khan * 87 2 11 T R O D U C T I O M % Definition of Iliatorys Iho %«>ra •history* h£ia laB©n dearivad from tho Greek %^or«3 *hlstori.a' vvtildU mpaixj 'tio Jcnaur* <w »!» loarn toy Incfulry'. AXX©8 ftevios in his tooc^ 'csateway to hlsto«y» defined tli© taina •history ao an/ IntagrafcecJ uarratlne car d©sqarlpt,ion oi: peat events or facts vxitton in a £i>irit &i caritioai i»iuiiry for th© <&fhol.@ truth* h nsiiispaper xm^Jitxct of oiicar€«it evonts* dc^ite in a c»3ngr@^3 or parlianient or a di„4oraatlx: ©sschang^ i@ not history beoaissQ it can not Im weixt&a as an @n.|Uixy into the uhole truth. Even a careful historical aovt@I %)hic^ holds nmti^ hootorical values is not liiotory becai^pa it is not pr<«,i{iiarily an erxiuiry into pant truth at; aH l3ut rather an artistic use o£ imagination to entertain the reader, Hmo hiatory is not neroly a rooord of yfkmt is knoim or balie^^ad to h^v© ooourred, zt is conocsct^jd to Qsmmixm, analyse and eacplaiji past e^^nts, particulorly in hunmn affairs and^ in the %Kxr^ of R»G. Collin^j\jood«*to iell iaan« wi^t man is \3^ tallijng him i^^iat man has d<me* • 2, (Origin of iHotory am its ci0V3lQ|X!i9iita i iULtlKM»jh tho aroelQs %«©r@ not the first to chronicle human @v@nt hist thoy viore tho first to apply critlcisiv ao it ia with tha GrooJts of Sth contUEy B«c* that histoey prop^ar heginp* iti^ deVijlqpcid a roasonod approach to th@ past# ooralained with an ability to anuly^Q th3 otiuees^ e^camine tha faots and from tha co£RiIt build up an account of past oventa. Harodotiia ia called 2 tbm *iatai@r of hi^ntexy* Jin tlis a@»3@ ttiat; hl.0 is tl^ first surviving i»rk hairing a purpos® (ttenmgh noft th© raathoa)* IS10 historic^ vaXiiS o£' hiji ttfOEle dcpeoaa <MI the quality o£ his infocmation and hem ho iis^a it. To the <ar©c^cs# history h^ a a@£iciit:a -mXim as it l&d to tlie ioematiem cNi right q^tiion %]tilMi i© as aoe^soxy &B aci@iiti£ic! Imou'loa^ci, ih€rsr# hoft«©v@r« (SU)^ not a^vaLoi)© my ooncseption €»£ an ultimate goal o£ h xaan aocsiat^ in ^tilcm timm $M ocNrttinuai change* v^th nm rise of Ohristianitjr* histozir csmm to he at^en a@ a sariee o£ @v@nt& con^Mttlofiod b^ dcsvlna int@nientlcm ani revsoiation i^iioh cool^ ultin^tfily' c|Ui^ raanieina to a d@£init@ and dosirabie gool* Mitid the fMoaiasanoeif th@re wm a rot^jm to the hueministic vic^ of history* i^ain ttue historian© began to sttiK^ and intecprat luiman ootioiw* Hietory again te^saraa ooncsornaa with mat^riai v&XQtm» art of politics am prtiotiaai ii£o» iteohiavaXXi o@t idmoeii to imaorstanS hunian actions, to atuf^ politisal hiotoary ^IS to ea^^eJUa to Ztaiiane ^IQT thii^@ ha^ h^^i^nad as thoy aia* 'Qm diaoonveey o£ Amarioa an^ the £ost9Uiiition of t^ie haaia princsisaet^ oi eagperiraental aoientfie aetiiad p2.ay@d significant parts in enooiica^ing an intorost ia hiatory. whil© littlo ooitld he taloan for grantaa, beginnings of soi^noQ suggoetod maa oritlooi iiietdioas of c^pro^jc^iing the psst* Moa^m ac^iolars hoid the view that history is both a science and an art^ nitiiis th@ diaoovQcy of historioaJL faats shoid.d ba @ci0ntifi^ in ia@tho(3# idm «a«)Ositioii of thsei for the readsr ^Mtiid partoJce of tho nature of art *t^ art of written \K«^, CQciiioniy calXad Xitarattice** Ttm yeXUB of history is 3 ai30ve QXX Intrlnalo. zaiee every other art it la o£ value for itself ^Xone* 1!I»3 proof of this ia the joy vAiich m^i have had in the tolXing and hearii^ of storios o£ th@ past from the vary oarlieet timas* Ever sinoo man has hEid a history he has delighted in history* svon today the (nain JU3tifiOc.tion for history is the intellectual ploaeure it affords to writer and reader elites* Unliloe man^ of ^le neuer eoienc3e@# history has long* oocMpied an iniportant |d.aioe in the realms of man's kncft^ledget and inquiry* hUo^ phil^ophy* history has been a parent disoi- pline from which (mmy s^^eoial fields of study hav<e sprung. Zn the present century it has heoarae still OOKB vast JUi e^ctemt and depth* ''Klotory oocm^ios a special positimi ainong the social scienoE^. mt only historical %iriting*.*—older th£m other social sciences laat it also has a distinguished pB|;rt as a focm of literature***!* History# the study of man and his «KHidsrful developramt throuf^ the suocesaiiie QQQB* oan he said to have originated with the man hinipelf • But it was Herodotus ixho gave us hi>^tory# scientific abstracts conoentrated^ shorn of n^/th or phantasy* Historical facte contAnied to toe written for aooo yaars* VMI RankP introduoed the soientlfio method in history in X9tli oentury* ISie sole objective of history beoamo teaohing hiatorical events in their rigid ohrcmologiaal sequsnoe without •1 Hoeelitz# B*F« ed* 'Readers guide to social Sciences* p*26* 4 dlscriraiiiat^ing one from ttia ottior* iiiotory ocxifirlaGd of only datA6# rise and taXX o£ ^Ripiros, soig^* ^^irs^ ootic|uest0# rebellions and ad[iilnl8txatJLon oE dominions. History was saia to be tbo root# polltcs as the £ruit and so politic^ ana hlstctty are liitGa>-connoctad» itms polltoal ana niilltai^ aapGcts a£ hlatocy %5»QrQ of.^;^tiaol£jod# AS an inpact of I4.xx# It lo argiiod that ecjoxnlc noed Is the s jclng o£ all social <x>nauct# it also coniltlono the poiitcal atid cultural 11£@ o£ the com lunlty. Beneath p^jlltlxss are the tacuce oaslo chan jes In th^ econc^SfSf and society tdhlch are inxlicBnoed i:qf. geogira^ahy and nature* To grasp these gradual ctiangoo in the ©nvlronraont in tidiloh pooplo live, to disoem the thoughts and actions o£ men and woman and their social and econoi^c context is to yo oorao wsy tot^ards co(!|:}r>oh*- ending the liititory <£. the ycxjple* 3« Value and uses o£ Historyt ihere is a genoral ^xilief in the political val\ta o£ history* Menarchei in th^ 16th century insisted that their sons shoold stuc^ hifstory £or practical purposes* Hie old ijelief that hiutory repoats itself has const€Uitly persua^ted statesmen to seeK percepts £or pceaant politics in past history^ study ftic alu history is valuable to the stateriian and to politically c<Misciou8 citizen* Histcarical training is o£ten useful to a career as JcKimalist, economist* diplomat* adniiniotrator^ social wozlQer or civil servant* Zt is often urtied th t some knobl-anlge of history is useful to the soientint also booav^evio acionoo is statiCi) 00 to uaaderotand It for what it is« it is nooeesary to Icnoif hm it bocanie x^iat it i0* 5 4» QoiXisptQ o^ Hl£3tocyt Hba raodorn concsQpt of Moteiry has thP fdioR^lng dharactsor- 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lohit District GAZETTEER of INDIA ARUNACHAL PRADESH LOHIT DISTRICT ARUNACHAL PRADESH DISTRICT GAZETTEERS
    Ciazetteer of India ARUNACHAL PRADESH Lohit District GAZETTEER OF INDIA ARUNACHAL PRADESH LOHIT DISTRICT ARUNACHAL PRADESH DISTRICT GAZETTEERS LOHIT DISTRICT By S. DUTTA CHOUDHURY Editor GOVERNMENT OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH 1978 Published by Shri M.P. Hazarika Director of Information and Public Relations Government of Amnachal Pradesh, Shillong Printed by Shri K.K. Ray at Navana Printing Works Private Limited 47 Ganesh Chunder Avenue Calcutta 700 013 ' Government of Arunachal Pradesh FirstEdition: 19781 First Reprint Edition: 2008 ISBN- 978-81-906587-0-6 Price:.Rs. 225/- Reprinted by M/s Himalayan Publishers Legi Shopping Corqplex, BankTinali,Itanagar-791 111. FOREWORD I have much pleasure in introducing the Lohit Distri<^ Gazetteer, the first of a series of District Gazetteers proposed to be brought out by the Government of Arunachal Pradesh. A'Gazetteer is a repository of care­ fully collected and systematically collated information on a wide range of subjects pertaining to a particular area. These information are of con­ siderable importance and interest. Since independence, Arunachal Pra­ desh has been making steady progress in various spheres. This north-east frontier comer of the country has, during these years, witnessed tremen­ dous changes in social, economic, political and cultural spheres. These changes are reflected in die Gazetteers. 1 hope that as a reflex of these changes, the Lohit District Gazetteer would prove to be quite useful not only to the administrators but also to researdi schplars and all those who are keen to know in detail about one of the districts of Arunachal Pradesh. Raj Niwas K. A. A. Raja Itanagar-791 111 Lieutenant Governor, Arunachal Pradesh October 5, i m Vili I should like to take this opportunity of expressing my deep sense of gratitude to Shri K; A.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources of Maratha History: Indian Sources
    1 SOURCES OF MARATHA HISTORY: INDIAN SOURCES Unit Structure : 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Maratha Sources 1.3 Sanskrit Sources 1.4 Hindi Sources 1.5 Persian Sources 1.6 Summary 1.7 Additional Readings 1.8 Questions 1.0 OBJECTIVES After the completion of study of this unit the student will be able to:- 1. Understand the Marathi sources of the history of Marathas. 2. Explain the matter written in all Bakhars ranging from Sabhasad Bakhar to Tanjore Bakhar. 3. Know Shakavalies as a source of Maratha history. 4. Comprehend official files and diaries as source of Maratha history. 5. Understand the Sanskrit sources of the Maratha history. 6. Explain the Hindi sources of Maratha history. 7. Know the Persian sources of Maratha history. 1.1 INTRODUCTION The history of Marathas can be best studied with the help of first hand source material like Bakhars, State papers, court Histories, Chronicles and accounts of contemporary travelers, who came to India and made observations of Maharashtra during the period of Marathas. The Maratha scholars and historians had worked hard to construct the history of the land and people of Maharashtra. Among such scholars people like Kashinath Sane, Rajwade, Khare and Parasnis were well known luminaries in this field of history writing of Maratha. Kashinath Sane published a mass of original material like Bakhars, Sanads, letters and other state papers in his journal Kavyetihas Samgraha for more eleven years during the nineteenth century. There is much more them contribution of the Bharat Itihas Sanshodhan Mandal, Pune to this regard.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhis Buddhism M in Early Medieval India in Early Medieval
    University of Delhi Satyawati College (Evening) Ashok Vihar Phase-III, Delhi-110052 National Seminar on Buddhis m in Early Medieval India Friday, 15th September 2017 Keynote Address: Prof. Baidya Nath Labh Sanchi & Jammu University Member, ICHR Organized by Satyawati College (Eve) (University of Delhi) Ashok Vihar Phase III, Delhi -110052, Web: http: /satyawatievedu.ac.in , Email id- [email protected] 1 University of Delhi Satyawati College (Evening) Ashok Vihar Phase-III, Delhi-110052 About the College Satyawati College (Eve.) takes its name after Behan Satyawati, established in 1973. The college currently has over 2400 students and is committed to providing meaningful education which inculcate students with the spirit of scientific temper and enhance skill base of faculty and researchers to face the challenges of an increasingly competitive world. The college frequently organizes various faculty training programs, seminars and conferences on national and international issues. This academic session 2017 -18, the college has planned to organize one day national seminar on “Buddhism in Early Medieval India” on Friday, 15th September 2017. Background Buddhism is a world religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha in Bihar, and is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha. During Gupta dynasty (~4th to 6th century), due to the growth in Mahayana Buddhism, and the adoption of Buddhist ideas into Hindu schools, the differences between Buddhism and Hinduism blurred. Padmasambhava is said to have brought Tantric Buddhism to Tib et in the 8th century with the help of Santarakshita abbot of Nalanda and founder of the Yogacara-Madhyamika. Atiśa is considered an indirect founder of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism.
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary History.Pdf
    Introduction to Social Science MODULE - 1 India and the World through the Ages INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE Notes Imagine that you owned a time machine and that you travelled back to those days when your great grandparents were children. You found that your home and the surroundings look very different. If you travel back further, you will be even more surprised and fascinated by the food, clothes and even the language that your ancestors were using. Wouldn’t it be interesting to know what happened in the past? Do you realize that we can relate with our past even today. Does it not sound like a mystery that we must solve? In order to do this, we will use sources to understand how human life progressed from pre-historic times till today. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson you will be able to: establish that study of Social Science includes disciplines like History, Geography, Economics, Political Science and Sociology; appreciate that all these subject areas are interconnected and together form the knowledge mass of Social Science; discuss the different stages through which human societies evolved and identify opportunities and challenges of our present day society. 0.1 SOCIAL SCIENCE AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE As the name itself suggests, Social Science is concerned about society. It aims at understanding all aspects of society as well as finding solutions to deal with social problems. It is a broad area of knowledge and includes several different disciplines under its domain. The main ones that you need to know at this stage are: History and Archaeology Geography SOCIAL SCIENCE 1 MODULE - 1 Introduction to Social Science India and the World through the Ages Political Science Sociology Economics The various modules and units of this course in Social Science are connected with these very subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian History Chronology: Ancient India to Modern India – Learn Faster!
    Indian History Chronology: Ancient India to Modern India – Learn faster! Indian History Chronology: Indian History is a topic of interest to many including foreigners because of the cultures and civilizations existed in this sub-continent. History of India can be studied under political, cultural, religious or economic heads. Indian History Chronology Chronologically, Indian History can be classified into three periods – Ancient India, Medieval India and Modern India. Ancient India (Pre-historic to AD 700) 1/6 There were activities of proto-humans (Homo erectus) in the Indian subcontinent 20 lakh years (2 million years) ago, and of Homo sapiens since 70,000 BC. But they were gathers/hunters. The first inhabitants of Indian subcontinent might have been tribals like Nagas (North-East), Santhals (East-India), Bhils (Central India), Gonds (Central India), Todas (South India) etc. Most of them are speakers of the Austric, pre-Dravidian languages, such as Munda and Gondvi. Dravidians and Aryans are believed to be immigrants who came later to the sub- continent. Ancient India can be studied under other heads like Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic period – based on the type of stone/ metal tools people used. 2/6 Paleolithic Period (2 million BC – 10,000 BC) Fire Tools made up of lime stone Ostrich Eggs Important Paleolithic sites: Bhimbetka (M.P), Hunsgi, Kurnool Caves, Narmada Valley (Hathnora, M.P), Kaladgi Basin Mesolithic Period (10,000 BC – 8,000 BC) Major Climatic Change happened Domestication of animals ie Cattle rearing started Microliths found at Brahmagiri (Mysore), Narmada, Vindya, Gujarat Neolithic Period (8000 BC – 4,000 BC) Agriculture Started Wheel discovered Inamgaon = An early village Important Neolithic Sites : Burzahom(Kashmir), Gufkral(Kashmir), Mehrgarh(Pakistan), Chirand(Bihar), Daojali Hading(Tripura/Assam), Koldihwa(UP), Mahagara(UP), Hallur(AP), Paiyampalli(AP), Maski, Kodekal, Sangana Kaller, Utnur, Takkala Kota.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural History of Indian Subcontinent; with Special Reference to Arts and Music
    1 Cultural History of Indian subcontinent; with special reference to Arts and Music Author Raazia Hassan Naqvi Lecturer Department of Social Work (DSW) University of the Punjab, www.pu.edu.pk Lahore, Pakistan. Co-Author Muhammad Ibrar Mohmand Lecturer Department of Social Work (DSW) Institute of Social Work, Sociology and Gender Studies (ISSG) University of Peshawar, www.upesh.edu.pk Peshawar, Pakistan. 2 Introduction Before partition in 1947, the Indian subcontinent includes Pakistan, India and Bangladesh; today, the three independent countries and nations. This Indian Subcontinent has a history of some five millennium years and was spread over the area of one and a half millions of square miles (Swarup, 1968). The region is rich in natural as well as physical beauty. It has mountains, plains, forests, deserts, lakes, hills, and rivers with different climate and seasons throughout the year. This natural beauty has deep influence on the culture and life style of the people of the region. This land has been an object of invasion either from the route of mountains or the sea, bringing with it the new masses and ideas and assimilating and changing the culture of the people. The invaders were the Aryans, the Dravidians, the Parthians, the Greeks, the Sakas, the Kushans, the Huns, the Turks, the Afghans, and the Mongols (Singh, 2008) who all brought their unique cultures with them and the amalgamation gave rise to a new Indian Cilvilization. Indus Valley Civilization or Pre-Vedic Period The history of Indian subcontinent starts with the Indus Valley Civilization and the coming of Aryans both are known as Pre-Vedic and Vedic periods.
    [Show full text]
  • Concepts of Continuity and Changes in Indian Social Structure Under British Rule Dr
    American International Journal of Available online at http://www.iasir.net Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences ISSN (Print): 2328-3734, ISSN (Online): 2328-3696, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3688 AIJRHASS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) Concepts of Continuity and Changes in Indian Social Structure Under British Rule Dr. Hareet Kumar Meena Assistant Professor, Department of History Indira Gandhi National Tribal University Amarkantak, Distt. Anuppur- 484 886,Madhya Pradesh, India. Abstract: British imperialism was more pragmatic in comparison of other contemporary colonial powers. In the beginning of the eighteenth century, the British East India Company came to India as commercial enterprise but the existing unstable political scenario gave them a fillip to establish their hegemony in political and socio- economic web. In colonial era, India experienced both negative and positive impact on Indian society. The British Raj had a deeply racist aspect and it ultimately existed to protect colonial exploitation. They replaced the wasteful warlord aristocracy by a bureaucratic-military establishment, carefully designed by utilitarian technocrats, which was very efficient in maintaining law and order throughout the country. To cater their needs and for the sake of smooth administrative functioning, British Raj carved out the policy of divide and rule. The greater efficiency of government permitted a substantial reduction in the fiscal burden; consequently a bigger share of the national income was available for landlords, capitalists and the new professional classes. However, at the same time, it was the British administrative setup which has done a noteworthy job in the eradication of numerous social evils and for the emancipation of women in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Rise of the Marathas1/ Rakesh Kumar
    E- Content/ Medieval India/ B.A.II(H) Rise of the Marathas1/ Rakesh kumar/ SMD College, Punpun. RISE OF THE MARATHAS The rise of the Marathas in India is an important chapter of Medieval Indian history. The emergence of Marathas as a political power had a number of consequences. It shows us the possibilities of the rise of a Hindu power in Modern India as enumerated in the HINDU PAD PADSHAHI of Baji Rao I. a possibility that was cut short by the English during Anglo- Maratha wars. As the chapter on the Marathas unfold, we discuss here, in this e – content, some of the underlying causes which led to the rise of the Maratha power in India. This is first of the series of lectures on the topic – Rise of the Marathas. GEOGRAPHICAL REGION: The early rise of the Marathas mostly comprised of the regions specified below. The region specified in this unfolding of events are western coastal areas of Konkan, Khandesh, Berar, Nagpur, areas of the south and some areas of the Nizam. This whole area was known as Marathwada in medieval times, according to historian Bhandarkar, an expert in the history of the Marathas. The people collectively known as the Marathas comprised of the Rathis, Rashtriks and Rathiks, who occupied these areas. In due course of time especially 17th century, they were able to organize themselves into a cohesive force whose 1 sword and diplomacy conquered and held sway over major parts of India in the Deccan and north as well. CAUSES OF THE RISE OF THE MARATHAS: Historian Grant Duff opines that the Marathas came out of the Sahayadri mountains like wild fire.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Medieval India
    Dr. Rita Sharma Assistant Professor History An Overview of Medieval India Medieval period is an important period in the history of India because of the developments in the field of art and languages, culture and religion. Also the period has witnessed the impact of other religions on the Indian culture. Beginning of Medieval period is marked by the rise of the Rajput clan. This period is also referred to as Postclassical Era. Medieval period lasted from the 8th to the 18th century CE with early medieval period from the 8th to the 13th century and the late medieval period from the 13th to the 18th century. Early Medieval period witnessed wars among regional kingdoms from north and south India where as late medieval period saw the number of Muslim invasions by Mughals, Afghans and Turks. By the end of the fifteenth century European traders started doing trade and around mid- eighteenth century they became a political force in India marking the end of medieval period. But some scholars believe that start of Mughal Empire is the end of medieval period in India. Main Empires and Events in Medieval period Rajput Kingdoms – Rajput came for the first time in the 7th century AD. But historians gave different theories of their origin. After the mid-16th century, many Rajput rulers formed close relationships with the Mughal emperors and served them in different capacities. It was due to the support of the Rajputs that Akbar was able to lay the foundations of the Mughal Empire in India. Some Rajput nobles gave away their daughters in marriage to Mughal emperors and princes for political motives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maratha Empire of Pune and the Peshwas: an Overview
    Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 The Maratha Empire of Pune and the Peshwas: an overview *Dr.Ramya.K.R. Assistant Professor, Department of History, Government First Grade College ( Autonomous ), Gubbi. Abstract This paper attempts to study how Peshwas who were all ministers who served as the chief executives to the king and later held the highest administrative office and also controlled the Maratha empire . Maratha confederacy, alliance formed in the 18th century after Mughal pressure forced the collapse of Shivaji’s kingdom of Maharashtra in western India. After the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s death (1707), Maratha power revived under Shivaji’s grandson Shahu. He confided power to the Brahman Bhat family, who became hereditary peshwas (chief ministers). He also decided to expand northward with armies under the peshwas’ control. In Shahu’s later years the power of the peshwas increased. After his death (1749) they became the effective rulers. The leading Maratha families—Sindhia, Holkar, Bhonsle, and Gaekwar— extended their conquests in northern and central India and became more independent and difficult to control. The effective control of the peshwas ended with the great defeat of Panipat (1761) at the hands of the Afghans and the death of the young peshwa Madhav Rao I in 1772. Thereafter the Maratha state was a confederacy of five chiefs under the nominal leadership of the peshwa at Poona (now Pune) in western India. Though they united on occasion, as against the British (1775–82), more often they quarreled. After he was defeated by the Holkar dynasty in 1802, the peshwa Baji Rao II sought protection from the British, whose intervention destroyed the confederacy by 1818.
    [Show full text]
  • The Creation of Difference
    CHAPTER 3 THE CREATION OF DIFFERENCE For the Rede Lecture at the University of Cambridge in 1875, after his return from seven years as law member of the Viceroy's Council in India, Henry Maine set out to explain 'The Effects of Observation of India on Modern European Thought'. India shared with Europe, he said, as Sanskrit scholarship since the time of William Jones had revealed, a 'whole world' of Aryan institutions, customs, laws and beliefs. India was thus part of that 'very family of mankind to which we belong'. Yet, he went on, those Aryan institutions had 'been arrested in India at an early stage of development'. The country was, as a result, 'a barbarism', but it remained one which 'contains a great part of our own civilisation, with its elements as yet inseparate and not yet unfolded'. India was implicated with Britain, somewhat paradoxically, in a common origin, and yet was fundamentally different. In much the same way, the British were, in Maine's view, at once agents of 'pro- gress', charged with setting India on the road to modernity, and at the same time custodians of an enduring India formed forever in antiquity. As Maine put it in the conclusion to his Rede lecture, India's rulers had to keep their watches set simultaneously to two longitudes. Throughout the later nineteenth century, as they constructed their 'India', the British had always to negotiate this disjuncture: between an acknowledgement of similarity, and an insistence upon difference. The task was never to be easy, nor was the result to be a coherent ideology of rule.1 For men like Maine, India was Europe's past, or rather its various pasts.
    [Show full text]
  • Coinage in Early Bengal and Pragjyotish-Kamarupa: a Peep Into Comparative Study
    Karatoya: NBU J. Hist. Vol. 5 :76-85(2012) ISSN: 2229-4880 Coinage in Early Bengal and Pragjyotish-Kamarupa: A Peep into Comparative Study Debajit Dutta Of all antiquities that seem to be imperishable coins are the most important, since they bring to our own age the culture and customs of the forgotten generations when they were in current usages. 1 They provide a peep into the personalities of the potentates through the busts which are sometimes represented on them or give a glimpse of their proclivities through the devices and legends depicted on them. They make the past came alive. The importance of coins as a source of ancient history of India can hardily be undermined where genuine historical chronicles comparable to those of the west is not only rare bur almost unavailable. 2 Although coins don't adequately compensate with literary sources but coins are an important source of history- political, economic, religious and cultural.3 The monetary system of an area is an index to its economic activities, hence for understanding properly the economic history of a given region and period we must know the relevant media of exchange. This particularly is true in the case of early Bengal and Pragjyotish-Kamarupa's (modern Assam) perspective. Money played a major role in the socio-economic and cultural life of the people of these two regions. The degree of monetization of trade was quite high though it was not carried on exclusively and in several areas even mainly or marginally with coins. The present write-up is an in-depth study of the system of coinage in Bengal and Pragjyotish Kamarupa prior to the advent of the Muslims in this region and it also intended to show the historicity of the system of currency in these two zones.
    [Show full text]