DOCSLIB.ORG

On Non-Sepulchral Rude Stone Monuments. Author(S): M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On Non-Sepulchral Rude Stone Monuments. Author(S): M On Non-Sepulchral Rude Stone Monuments. Author(s): M. J. Walhouse Source: The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 7 (1878), pp. 21-43 Published by: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2840932 . Accessed: 15/06/2014 22:06 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 195.78.108.41 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 22:06:09 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions MI.J. WALIIOUSE.-Non-Sepulchral StoneMonauments. 21 FOR THE LIBRARY. From the SOCIETY. -Jahrbuch der K. 1K.Geologischen Reichsanstalt. Vol. XXVI, No. 3; Verhandlungen,do. Nos. 11-13. From the SOCIETY.-Mittheilungen der AnthropologischenGesell- schaftin Wien. Vol. VI, No. 6. From the AssOCIATION-Reportof the Geologists Association for 1876. From the ACADEMY.-Atti della R. Accacdemia dei Lincei Atino. CCLXXIV. Vol. I, Nos. 1 and 2. From the ACADEMY.-Bulletinde l'AcadenmieImperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg. Vol. XXII, No. 4; Vol. XXIII, No. 1. From the EDITOR -Mate6riaux pour l'Histoire de l'Eomme. From the SOCIETY.-Annuaire de la Societe d'Ethnographie,1877. From the EDITOR.-Revue Scientifique,Nos. 34 and 35. 1877. From the EDITOR.-Nature (to date). Miss Buckland presenteda diggingstone fiom the Cape of Good Hope, forwhich thanks were returned. Mr. M. J. Walhouse thenread a paper entitled- On NON-SEPULCHRAL RUDE STONE MONUMENTS. By M. J. Wal- house,F.R.A.S. EVEN in the earlierpart of the presentcentury, many fanciful theorieswere currentrespecting the nature and intentionof megalithicmonuments, cromlechs, stone circles,and the like; and much ingeniousspeculation was wastedin tracingthe coils and windingsof serpent-templesin the scatteredstones of Wilt- shireand Somersetshire,or, as somewould have it, in identifying themwith Temples of the Sun or Bardic Circles. The Druids were seen everywhere;"rock gnomons"indicated their know- ledge of astronomy," rock basons" and " rockingstones," often natural,were ascribedto theirskill in mechanics,and cromlechs were held to be the "altars" on which they celebratedtheir bloody rites; while any chance marks on their surfaceswere channels to drainoff the blood of victims,and holes or chinks in the slabs were magical openings,through which auguries were drawli fromtheir dyinggroans and cries. When search succeededtheory, the spade proved the revealerof the secrets of such monuments,and the incontrovertibledispeller of Druidical and Dracontian dreams; and their intention was shownto be sepulchralin suchain immense majority of instances that theoryswung perhaps too absolutelyto the otherextreme, and refusedto see in them any othernature or purpose. It is desiredin thispaper to offera fewremarks upon some megalithic remainsthat have come uncdermy observation in India and else- This content downloaded from 195.78.108.41 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 22:06:09 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 22 M. J. WALHOUSE.-On where,which may be ascribedto purposesother than sepulchral, and in manyinstances are connectedwith existingworship and observances. To begin with the simplest of monuments,the heap of stones or cairn-though usually sepulchral and piled over a tomb-it is occasionallyrather memorial or ceremonial. Twice in India in wild mountain-passesI have seen cairns raised on spots where men had been carriedaway by tigers. Passers-byadded stonesto theheap, with the idea of propitiating the angryghost of the unlucky man, which was believed to hauntthe spot,and guide the tigerin its attacks on wayfarers. Such heaps are sometimesalso raised at spots on the plains where travellershave died suddenly,from sickness, or in ainy uinusualway, and where stonesare scarce or have failed,bits of rag are tied to a neighbouringthorn-bush, after a customthat appears to prevailfrom China to Ireland,prompted possibly by an idea of propitiation. Though the Old Testamentrecords threeinstances of cairn-burial,when Absalom,and Achan, and the King of Ai werelaid under" a verygreat heap of stones,"the earliestmention of cairnsis as boundary-marks.*In theagree- mentbetween Jacob and Laban recordedin the 31st chapterof Genesis,they gathered stones and made a heap expresslycalled a " heap of witness,"on which theysat and did eat, as a cere- monial compact,and declaredthe heap to be a witness between them,that ncitherwould pass over it into the territoryof the other. The late ProfessorH. H. Wilson has translateda hymn fromthe Rig Veda, addressedin the earlierverses to Mrityuor Death, and in the last to the Pitris or Manes, the 4th verse of which is remarkableas containingthe earliest,and, so faras I know, the only Saniskritallusion to rude stone monuments, and also as seemingto intimatea purpose not sepulchral,butt propitiatory,and, as in Genesis,boundary-marking. " I place this circle of stones for the living; on this account,that no othermay go beyondit. May theylive a hundredyears, keeping death at a distanceby this heap." In Livingstone'sExpedition to the Zambesi,at page 229, thereis an accountrather curiously recalliingthe transactionbetween Laban and Jacob. On passing a large stone cairn in the countryof the Batoka, the guide relatedthat once upon a time a tribewas going to fightwith anothertribe, but sittingdown there consultedand agreed that it would be more like men to raise this heap of stonesas their protestagainst the wrongthe othertribe had done them,which, * In old Greece heaps of stones,called Hermaia,were commonlyraised at crosswaysand oniboundaries. They were sacredto Hermes,and each passer-by threwa stoneon as an offeringto the god. Homer (' Odyssey,"xvi, 471) mel- tions snbcha lheap iear Ithaca. Strabo saw similarheaps on the roads in Egypt (xvii,p. 818) This content downloaded from 195.78.108.41 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 22:06:09 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Non-Se.pulchrcalRude StoneMonuments. 23 having accomplished,they returned quietly home. And again in his Last Journals,page 90, "we passed two cairns this morningat the beginningof the verysensible descent to the lake. They are verycommon in all this SouthernAfrica in the passes of the mountains,and are meant to mark divisions of countries,perhaps burial-places,but the Waiyan who accom- panied us thoughtthat theywere merelyheaps of stone col- lected by some one making a garden. The cairnswere placed just about the spot wherethe blue watersof Nyassa firstcame fairly inito view." This recalls the cairn piled by the Ten Thousand where the Euxine burst into sight,and the army raised the memorablecry. Closely akin to unsepulchralcairns must be the Mani, or long heaps of stones that excite the surpriseof travellersin Thibet and Tartary. The late Mr. C. Horne, of the Bengal Civil Service,F.L.S., F.R.A.S., &c., who some yearsago travelled over some of the highestHimalayan passes,wrote to me re- specting them: "The Lama Tartars build long walls of loose stones,usually about 6 feet thickand 5 high; sometimesas at Nako, half a mile long. Every nativepasses themto his right; none seem to know why: hence there is a path wornon that side, and everyone adds a stone; theymust be the growthof centuries,every generationadding some yards. The heaps oftenhave flagsstuck on themand scraps of paper,with somie sacredwriting, as also hornsof ibex, wild sheep,goats, &c., and round boulder-stones,inscribed with the Buddhistprayer in a circle,are oftenlaid on the top. A great'mystery attaches to them; none can explain theiruses certainly;some say theyare devotional,others that they were built on returnfrom long journeys. The farthestobject I saw in Tartarywas a long double range.of these walls." Mr. Wilson recentlyin his "Abode of Snow" mentionshaving passed hundredsof these Mani on his journey,sometimes in the mostdesolate situations, and remarksthat the prodigiousnumber of them in so thinly peopled a countryindicates an extraordinarywaste of human energy. Mr. Horne also mentionedthat singleheaps of stones aboundedeverywhere, " existing on everyhill-top and pass; some evidentlyof great antiquity; in some places they are called Thor.* At the entranceof the provinceof Kurnawufrthere is a large field of them,all set up by gratefulhill-men returning safe fromthe plains. Another cause of themis the settingof bouildarymarks by pettychiefs in old times. Presents too * The missionaries,Huc and Gabet, encounteredsimilar large heaps on the greatplateau in ChineseTartary, there called Oboes, and stuckover witli boughs oln which strips of inscribedpaper are hung. MM. Huc and Gahet say the Tartars uorslhipthe Spiritof the MouL11tainat tlhem. This content downloaded from 195.78.108.41 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 22:06:09 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 24 M. J.WALHOUSE.- On are sometimesgiven by wealthypeople to erectstone heaps on apparently inaccessible peaks to commemoratetheir names. The highest
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Book of Dartmoor by the Same Author
    Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/bookofdartmoorOObaririch A BOOK OF DARTMOOR BY THE SAME AUTHOR LIFE OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE THE TRAGEDY OF THE C^.SARS THE DESERT OF SOUTHERN FRANCE STRANGE SURVIVALS SONGS OF THE WEST A GARLAND OF COUNTRY SONG OLD COUNTRY LIFE YORKSHIRE ODDITIES FREAKS OF FANATICISM A BOOK OF FAIRY TALES OLD ENGLISH FAIRY TALES A BOOK OF NURSERY SONGS AN OLD ENGLISH HOME THE VICAR OF MORWENSTOW THE CROCK OF GOLD A BOOK OF THE WEST I. DEVON II. CORNWALL C 9 A BOOK OF DARTMOOR BY S. BARING-GOULD WITH SIXTY ILLUSTRATIONS NEW YORK: NEW AMSTERDAM BOOK CO. LONDON : METHUEN & CO. 1900 TO THE MEMORY OF MY UNCLE THE LATE THOMAS GEORGE BOND ONE OF THE PIONEERS OF DARTMOOR EXPLORATION ivii63832 PREFACE AT the request of my publishers I have written ^ ^ A Book of Dartmoor. I had already dealt with this upland district in two chapters in my " Book of the West, vol. i., Devon." But in their opinion this wild and wondrous region deserved more particular treatment than I had been able to accord to it in the limited space at my disposal in the above-mentioned book. I have now entered with some fulness, but by no means exhaustively, into the subject ; and for those who desire a closer acquaintance with, and a more precise guide to the several points of interest on "the moor," I would indicate three works that have preceded this. I. Mr. J. Brooking Rowe in 1896 republished the Perambulation of Dartmoor, first issued by his great- uncle, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Dartmoor Kistyaens
    NOTES ON DARTMOOR KISTYAENS. BY R,OBEBT BURNARD. (Iiead at Barnstaple, JuIy, 1890.) "I(rsrvAEN," from the Cornu-Ce\lic C,ist-uey?1, or Cist-ari,n,, Cymric C'ist-faen, signifles a stone box. These stone boxes are of an oblong square shape, and are formed of fbur slabs of stone for sides and. ends, with a fifth as a cover. This was covered by a barrow, and surrounded rvith a circle of vertically set stones. In cases of iuhumation the body was placed in the kist in a contracted position; or if crematecl, the ashes were deposited in an urn. The whole of the kistvaens examined. thus far lie longitu- dinally north and south, or with variations east and. west of these points, the object evidently being that the remains should face the sun. AII thab are known have been openecl, and bheir contents have disappeared, almost rvithout a vestige of a record to assist the antiquary. The popular notion that they con- tained articles of value still survives in some of the nalnes by which they are at present known to the moormen, such, for instance, as rlotuey pits, money boaes, and crocks of gold,. Obhers again know them as caaes, Roman grcwes,stona graaes, and slteap walls, The idea thab they contained articles of value is a very old one I for we find as early as L321 a grafi was made by Edward II. for searching certain barrows in Devonshire.l I\{any of the Dartmoor kistvaens 'were probably opened with the same object centuries since.
    [Show full text]
  • Finnegans Wake 004.18-006.12
    FW004_18-006_12notes.doc FINNEGANS WAKE Workshop 97 Ed.by Eishiro Ito General Notes on FW004.18-006.12: See also Joycean Japan,vols.3-5 <*004.18~*> 4.18. Bygmester Finnegan, of the Stuttering Hand, freemen's mau- Ibsen, bygmester Solness[A] Parnell&Lewis Carrol G “Freimaurer= freemason[A] stuttered.[A] 4.19. rer, lived in the broadest way immarginable in his rushlit toofar- Broadway[A] imaginable[A]+marginal sl. rushlight Dub sl.= =liquor[A] house with rusty? 2 back rooms[A] 4.20. back for messuages before joshuan judges had given us numbers ?buttock dwelling house plus adjacent JOSHUA[A] JUDGES[A] NUMBERS[A] land and buildings[A] Heb.Yah:saves OF<L.= law- speaking 4.21. or Helviticus committed deuteronomy (one yeastyday he sternely LEVITICUS[A] (commit to writing) DEUTERONOMY[A] yesterday[A] Sterne/Swift[A] Helvetia = lit.L.Gk.second law: Easter, feast day Switzerland[CL] (nomos law) 4.22. struxk his tete in a tub for to watsch the future of his fates but ere Styx[A]+shrunk F. tête: Swift’s wash the features of his face[A] head Tale of a Tub G .waschen: to watch 4.23. he swiftly stook it out again, by the might of moses, the very wa- shock+took+ Moses wrote Pentateuch Cf. Noah’s Flood stood+stuck +shook 4.24. ter was eviparated and all the guenneses had met their exodus so L.vater: evaporated[A] GENESIS EXODUS father L. aevipario: Guinness[A] lit.out of way to give birth to eternity[CL] Gk.gnoses<gnosis: knowledges Cf.Gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Locating an Antiquarian Initiative in a Late 19Th Century Colonial
    th Basak, B. 2020. Locating an Antiquarian Initiative in a Late 19 Century Colonial Bofulletin the History of Archaeology Landscape: Rivett-Carnac and the Cultural Imagining of the Indian Sub-Continent. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, 30(1): 1, pp. 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-610 RESEARCH PAPER: ASIA/PACIFIC Locating an Antiquarian Initiative in a Late 19th Century Colonial Landscape: Rivett-Carnac and the Cultural Imagining of the Indian Sub-Continent Bishnupriya Basak In this paper I seek to understand antiquarian practices in a colonial context in the Indian sub-continent with reference to J.H. Rivett-Carnac who was a member of the Bengal Civil Service. Covering varied subjects like ‘ancient cup marks on rocks,’ spindle whorls, votive seals or a solitary Buddha figure, Rivett- Carnac’s writings reflect an imagining of a native landscape with wide-ranging connections in myths, symbolisms and material cultures which cross-cut geographical borders. I show how an epistemology of comparative archaeology was formed through the ways in which he compared evidence recorded from different parts of India to those documented in Great Britain and northern Europe. This was held together by ideas of tribal/racial migrations. I am arguing that a distinctive form of antiquarianism was unfolding in an ambiguous, interstitial space which deconstructs any neat binaries between the colonizer and the colonized. Recent researches have argued for many antiquarianisms which this paper upholds. With his obsession of cup marks Rivett-Carnac built a new set of interconnections in late 19th century Britain where the Antiquity of man was the pivot around which debates and theories circulated.
    [Show full text]
  • Dartmoor Barrows and Kistvaens
    DARTMOOR BARROWS AND KISTVAENS FORM AND STRUCTURE OF BARROWS BARROW is essentially an artificial mound raised on the site of one or more interments. Varying with the period and with the race erecting the barrow, it may in plan be either round, Along (i.e. elliptical or ovoid), or may assume a more complex form, such for instance as that of a ship. All known Devonshire barrows are of the round type. The diameter at the base of the Devonshire barrows varies from 9 or 10 to 120 ft and over. The present height above the surrounding ground varies from a barely perceptible mound to a heap 12 ft high, and possibly more. Although very small barrows frequently prove disappointing on excavation, it must not be thought that the probable yield of any can be estimated pro rata to the size. The mounds are made in various ways and of varying materials. Where stone of convenient size was readily obtainable the barrow usually became a cairn formed of stone only; where stone was practic­ ally absent earth and soil were used; where stone was sparingly obtain­ able the centre of the barrow is frequently a small cairn, and this is covered with soil to a greater or less depth. CAIRNS These are more usually found in the Dartmoor area, although by no means infrequent elsewhere. Off Dartmoor barrows constructed wholly of stone are usually of small size. A complete list of the known cairns would be much too long for insertion here. On Dartmoor, Drizzlecombe, Pen Beacon, and Three Barrows Tor yield excellent examples of the larger size; while small examples are found at Cosdon, Raddick Hill, Shaugh Lake, and else­ where.
    [Show full text]
  • To. Jhe.List-Of Hypotheses Contained in My First Paper, I "Fro*
    THE STONE ROWS OF DARTMOOR. Prnr III. BY R. N. WORTE, X'.G,S. (Rmd at South Molton, August, 1894.) Srrcr the last meeting- of the Association much important material has been added to our knowledge of the Stoni nows of Dartmoor, and among the additions to"the list is one oi the finest and probably most complete of the whole series. Th; total number now recorded, excluding doubtful cases, is 37, against the 25 known when my firsi paper *a, pr"pared.i Jho.ug! the- possible area of discouer.i Las beco-me'much Iimited to what it was, such a find as that of the fine ,o, o" Watern Down, encourages the hope that the muster roll is not yet filled. At the same time, it is now more than ever certain that some, if not many-rows, have disappeared. These may in "foo, part te represented by such fragments-two, three, o, standrng stones or so, more or less in line_as we find here and there on the Moor, but are hardly capable of clefinite ideutification. And it is even possible, ieeing there are cases in which the smaller stones hive been foun-"d to temain in s,itw below the surface, at a depth of eighteen inches, that ttere may be rows in existence buried beieath all chance of discovery. To. jhe.list-of hypotheses contained in my first paper, I should add that ol Captain Conder, n.r., "fro* his'most interesting work geth -on g,n{ n[oab, to which my attention was called by the Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Barrow Report 66
    SIXTY-SIXTH REPORT ON BARROWS BY R. HANSFORD WORTH, RECORDER -\rox Vanrv, above Brent Moor Hoctse. A kistvaen which was referred to in the last report ; I :orv add details as to position, Devon, six inch O.S. cxiii, -r.8., lon. 3o-5r'-35", Iat. 5oo-27'-38|'. It is on the isht bank of the Avon, about 50 feet below the intake weir f the Kingsbridge and Salcombe water-board. Since this .-.-eir is not at present marked on the O.S. the following :articulars may be useful:-a little stream which flows past :he south end of Riders Rings is a tributary of the Aaon, which :: joins on the right bank. A hundred and seventy feet below :re junction and a little under fifty feet west of the west bank .i the Aaon lies the kistvaen. Although the view given in ::e sixty-fifth report gives the appearance of a fairly well :reserved kist, the removal of one sidestone has so far :isturbed the structure that a plan would give Jittle informa- :ion additional to the view; the end stones, in especial lean -.-ery considerably. The view now given (Plate r) will show :he extent to which the stones have been disturbed. The -ne feature which can be recovered with accuracy is the :irection of length which is N.6r"W. The kistvaen stands in a small cairn which, as is occasionally found, consists of :elatively large stones. Being so near the river it is necessarily on low ground; :his is by no means unique ; well up the Langcombe Brooh, -n the valley of the Plym, there are two kists of which one, :rolv commonly called Crims Craue, is but r8o feet north of :he stream, its companion lies rz5 feet south of the brook.
    [Show full text]
  • Tempest Family and Dundalgan Press Papers PP00166
    Tempest Family and Dundalgan Press Papers PP00166/ Descriptive List Catalogue 1 Level Headings with Reference Codes and Titles Fonds: PP00166/ - Tempest Family and Dundalgan Press Papers Sub-fonds 1: PP00166/001/ - William Tempest (1835-1918) Series 1: PP00166/001/001 – No. 1 Douglas Place (Tempest family home) Series 2: PP00166/001/002/ - Personal items and correspondence Series 3: PP00166/001/003/ - Financial matters Sub-fonds 2: PP00166/002/ - Dundalgan Press (1859-1963) Series 1: PP00166/002/001/ - Printing house (purchase and construction of) Series 2: PP00166/002/002/ - Early print jobs and ephemera (1859-1919) Series 3: PP00166/002/003/ - Financial papers Series 4: PP00166/002/004/ - Correspondence Series 5: PP00166/002/005/ - Art O’Murnaghan & ‘The Bird Parliament’ Series 6: PP00166/002/006/ - The Colum Cille typeface Sub-fonds 3: PP00166/003/ - Henry Tempest (1881-1964) Series 1: PP00166/003/001/ - Historical field notes indexes Series 2: PP00166/003/002/ - Correspondence and historical enquiries Series 3: PP00166/003/003/ - Financial matters Sub-fonds 4: PP00166/004/ - William Caxton “Trevor” Tempest There are no series in this sub-fonds. See descriptive list for item (1 item) Sub-fonds 5: PP00166/005/ - Charles Tempest McCrea There are no series in this sub-fonds. See descriptive list for item (1item) 2 Reference Code: PP00166/ Title: Tempest Family and Dundalgan Press Papers Dates: 1849 - 1990 Level of Description: Fonds Extent: 19 archival folders, 5 small index ring binders and 2 bound volumes contained in 9 archival boxes. Name of Creator(s): William Tempest (1835-1918), Henry G. Tempest (1881- 1964), William Caxton “Trevor” Tempest (1899-[?1970- 1980]) and Charles Tempest McCrea.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dartmoor Stone Circles
    THE DARTMOOR STONE CIRCLES STONE CIRCLE, in western archaeology, is to be distinguished from the hut-circle, which is the foundation of a dwelling, and the retaining circle, which is an adjunct of the grave, associated Awith the cairn or barrow (see pp. 182-191). The purpose of the hut-circle is fully understood, and the associations of the retaining circle are known, but not its ritual intent, if any. The stone circle, according to our terminology, is larger than either the hut or any but a few of the retaining circles, unfitted by structure for use as a habitation, unassociated, as far as can be ascertained, with graves. There is some evidence that large fires were lit within the stone circles, but no evidence as to the purpose of those fires. To avoid all suggestion of knowledge which is not ours, we have taken the trivial name ‘stone circle’, and applied it as a specific name to those circles of stone which are neither huts, retaining circles, nor pounds. Characteristic examples are the circles at Brisworthy (T.D.A., Vol. 35, p. 99), Buttern Hill, Scorhill, and Sherberton, and the ‘Grey Wethers’. Others survive at Whitemoor, Fernworthy, Down Ridge, Merrivale, and Langstone Moor. SCORHILL CIRCLE Scorhill circle has long been known, and often described, but, as often happens, the descriptions have gathered more each from the other than has always accorded with accuracy, and where they have not borrowed they are inconsistent. As far as I know the circle has never been carefully planned and the plan published, an omission the more surprising in that it has been fully recognized as one of our prin­ cipal Dartmoor monuments, indeed, most writers have agreed with Rowe in the importance which they have attributed to it.
    [Show full text]
  • ;"Kj;I Or &Ne Assoclatron
    TWELtr'TH REPORT OF THE BARROW COMMTTTEE. Twsrrrs_ Rnponr of the Bat.row Committee, wns,ist,ina of ll/1r. f. tr'. S. Amery, Mr. G. Doe, llr. p,'0. Hutchzinsoi, Y: {. .!o*ttu, tW;. J. Brooking Rowi, and Mr. R. N. Worth (Secretary), to collrct and recotd facts relatino to llctl,rows in Detsonshire, arud, ta take steps, uhere porii,blr, /or thei,r,ina est,ig at ion. Edited by R. N. Wontr, r.c.s,, Hon. Secretary. (Rerd at Barnstaple, July, tE9O.) Trrr Committee have to present, as their Report for 1Bg0- some results of recent investigations on Da'rtmo;;, ;ht.; will serve to indicate the quantfty of rnaterial ,"*uioioo-io be collectetl in that regioi. They are gird-t""k"";-?h"i Mr. R. Burnard is nod making u tott *?u.ination of ih; kistvaens of the moorland (see-his paper, postr) ; but thev much regret that so little interest 'se'errs't, # ;"kJ;i the,practical.investigation of the subject by other *;;i; or &ne Assoclatron. J. Bnooxrue Rowt, Chairman. R. N. lVonrn, Secretary. DARTMOOR. several aclditional facts rerating "a".iogih;to sepurchral remai,s on Dartmoor have been made public past year. p?r., R. Hansford Worth, c.E., on ,,The Moor_ "Ignd. 4 .Py llr. ,Iransaiions'of PIym," published in the the ptu*iiin tnst?tut?,on,o Srves an account of the antiquities of the"vallev Plym 9f _a_bove Shaugh Brid ge. the'sepuich-*i;i.;;;t'. include-the. the following: " Neal the angle of Cadrvorthy Farm [Wigford Down] is a r See also the pro.wse, .,The naner bv Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Espacestemps.Net – Format
    Translating Articles in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Par Franck Barbin. Le 18 novembre 2014 Image 1 : Cartoon by Priestman Atkinson from the Punch Almanack (1885). Aim of the study : debunking stereotypes on translation. My study mainly consists in analysing precise examples rather than developing long theories, as the readers of this journal are not translation experts, but would benefit from a translator’s viewpoint for their own research. The study focuses on written articles and leaves oral communications aside because they entail different translation issues (e.g. ways to address an English-speaking audience, simpler syntax, or words easy to pronounce for a non-native English speaker). The corpus of the article is extracted from my own experience as a freelance translator and tackles different fields, i.e. management, law, psychology and even geography. All the examples are either translated from English to French or from French to English. My study aims to debunk misconceptions about translation, more specifically in - 1 / 18 - academic environments. I chose to divide my presentation in six main stereotypes : 1) Translating is easier and quicker than writing. Wrong. Translating is a long-term process which involves, among other things, language skills, content-based knowledge, appropriating the rationale and ideas of the author, and re-writing the whole article, the translator becoming a co-author of the article. 2) Machine translation yields good results. Wrong. Even if machine translation is a useful, time-saving tool for translators and researchers, it cannot replace human translators who are still needed at least for post-editing. 3) Literal translation ensures the quality of the translation.Wrong .
    [Show full text]
  • Druidism : the Ancient Faith of Britain
    ©ruiOigiin & fcirarfflitli of Britain ^uMti) Ulrijlif IC'\ zo^ ©ruiiligin CliE ^ncirarfflitli of l^ritain Printed and Bound by Ed. J. Burrow & Co. Ltd. London and Cheltenham England. : ©ruiOisiin CliE feitnt faitl of i^ritain BY Dudley Wright LONDON ED. J. BURROW & CO., LTD. Central House, 43, 45 & 47 Kingsway AND Cheltenham 1924 . .. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS The Massacre of the Druids . Frontispiece Stonehenge, from a Water Colour Drawing by J. M. W. Turner, R.A. 24 The Druids, or The Conversion of the Britons to Christianity . • 48 Stonehenge, from a Water Colour Drawing by Constable (Victoria and Albert Museum) . 72 Druidical Festival at Stonehenge . 96 A Druid .. .. 120 Aerial View of Stonehenge .. .. .. .. 144 Hill Ranges Converging on Stonehenge .. .. 148 Diagrammatic Plan of Stonehenge .. .. .. 184 N.B.—The Illustrations facing pp. 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and Frontispiece are from the Fine Art Collection of Augustin Rischgitz. The design for the chapter ending on p. 58 shows the comparative sizes of Druidical Stone Circles. The outer circle is that of Avebury, the intermediate that of Brogar, and the centre Stennis and Stonehenge ; on p. 1 10 are represented the three circles referred to on p. 48 ; on p. 172 is given the Maiden Stone at Caldron, and on p. 183 the chambered structure at Callernish. —————— . .. .. .... ... CONTENTS PAGE Chapter I. The Origin of Druidism . i Britain, Gaul, Erin, Persia, Phoenicia, etc. Chapter II. The Creed of Druidism . 22 Monotheism, Polytheism, Anthropomorphism. The Bardic, or Druidic alphabet. Ancient seats of learning. Ancient trees, The Tree of Knowledge. Reference to Cesar's account of Druidism.
    [Show full text]