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Policy, Governance and Local Institutions for Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica

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Policy, Governance and Local Institutions for Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica Policy, Governance and Local Institutions for Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Basurto, Xavier Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 07:06:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194042 POLICY, GOVERNANCE AND LOCAL INSTITUTIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN COSTA RICA by Xavier Basurto Guillermo _____________________ Copyright © Xavier Basurto Guillermo 2007 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF Philosophy WITH A MAJOR IN MANAGEMENT In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2007 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Xavier Basurto Guillermo entitled Policy, Governance and Local Institutions for Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 06/27/07 Edella Schlager _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 06/27/07 Elinor Ostrom _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 06/27/07 Charles Ragin _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 06/27/07 Stephen Lansing _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 06/27/07 Diane Austin Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: 06/27/07 Dissertation Director: Edella Schlager 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Xavier Basurto Guillermo 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was made possible by the generous financial support from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Kevin Starr and the Rainer Arnhold Fellowship, Bill Shaw and the Wallace Research Foundation, the Tinker Foundation through the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Arizona, and the sweat equity of Rocío Covarrubias, Sofía and Ghita Basurto Covarrubias. I am also grateful to the numerous personnel, current and past, from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Área de Conservación Arenal-Tempisque, Área de Conservación Osa, Área de Conservación Tortugero and the Ministry of the Environment (MINAE). My ability to conduct this research stood in your willingness to take time off your busy schedule to answer my many questions. While I would like to thank individuals here by name I hope that you will understand that this is not possible as I need to protect those informants that requested it. Peter Warshall, Mariana Altrichter, and Peter Sherman provided the initial inspiration to work in Costa Rica. Gita Bodner, Eric Olson, Kuniko Arakawa, Roger Blanco, Daniel Janzen, and Winnie Hallwachs first welcomed me to the dry tropical forest and made me feel like back at home in Veracruz. Alejandro and Maria Eugenia Basurto provided logistical support from Mexico and crucial help in my first encounters with the enigmatic world of Costa Rican car mechanics. Jenny Cowell and Lee Pagni conducted an Indiana Jones-type operation in Tucson to salvage my computer backup and hand-deliver it to me in Costa Rica. In addition, Jenny Cowell's caring friendship made a very lasting impression and student life with a budding family so much easier. We were very lucky! Bill Shaw, Andrés Treviño, Joanne Gallagher, John Hays, Alejandro Masis, Curtis Andrews (Ponch), Daniel Janzen, Winnie Hallwachs, and Edella Schlager, provided valuable in-kind support. A number of friends made travel throughout Costa Rica on a shoestring possible for me and my family. In Guanacaste: Felipe Chavarria, Maria Martha Chavarria (and the rest of the Chavarria clan), Roger Blanco, Manuel Pereira, Dunia and Paulina Garcia (and extended family), Osvaldo Espinoza, Gloria Sihezar (and extended family), Harry Ramirez, José Hernandez and family, and Ruth Franco. In Tortugero: Miss Junie, Carlitos Espinoza e Ignacio Jiménez. In Osa: Michael Harrison, Peter Sherman and Mariana Altrichter. In Volcán: The Beita family and Madeline Kaiser. In the Valle Central: Jorge Polimeni, Claudine Sierra, and Kristine Teffaine. Very especial thanks go to Jorge Polimeni. For being a friend, laughing a lot, opening many doors—and getting me out of just as many holes! Without his help this project would have taken me twice as long ¡Gracias viejo! Claudine Sierra offered beautiful, open and sincere friendship, love to my family, and a true home where I could be productive and friends can meet and find each other. She provided more logistic and intellectual support to this project than she can ever imagine. My admiration and respect goes to my committee and mentors Charles Ragin, Diane Austin, Steve Lansing, Lin Ostrom, Daniel Janzen, Winnie Hallwachs and specially to Edella Schlager who is the best advisor one can hope for. I cannot convey how grateful I am for having had the opportunity to work and learn from such exceptional and high quality human beings. 5 DEDICATION Con amor para Rocío, Sofía, Ghita y Acerina. ~~~~~ Según cuentan las crónicas, en 1994 se celebró una competencia de remo entre Japón y México. Los japoneses destacaron desde el comienzo y llegaron a la meta una hora antes que su oponente. Una barbaridad de tiempo. De regreso al País, el comité ejecutivo se reunió para analizar las causas de tan desconcertante resultado. Las primeras observaciones fueron que en el grupo japonés había un jefe de equipo y 10 remeros. En el grupo mexicano había 10 jefes de equipo y un remero. Vino la planeación, la reestructuración y cambios aparentemente significativos. Al año siguiente volvieron a enfrentarse y ahora la diferencia de llegada a la meta fue de dos horas a favor del equipo japonés. El grupo japonés repitió la alineación. En el renovado grupo mexicano había un jefe de equipo, dos asistentes del jefe de equipo, siete jefes de sección y un remero. La conclusión del comité fue lapidaria: el remero es incompetente. Sección de Deportes, Periódico Reforma de México 24 de Abril, 2007. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 10 LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ 11 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... 13 1. INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION EFFORTS IN THE NEOTROPICS.................................................................................................... 14 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 14 Theoretical Background.................................................................................................... 20 The National Level Context .............................................................................................. 24 "Traditional" Vs non traditional studies on the Commons............................................... 26 Literature Review of Selected Variables........................................................................... 28 Major Research Questions................................................................................................ 41 Modeling Interactions and Major Hypotheses ................................................................. 41 Organization of the Dissertation ...................................................................................... 44 2. THE SETTING: BRIEF HISTORY, CULTURAL VALUES AND GENERAL CONTEXT........................................................................................................................ 48 The People ........................................................................................................................ 48 Costa Rican Values and Worldviews relevant for Policy-Making.................................... 52 Foreign Influence in Costa Rican Institutional Building.................................................. 56 The Role of Foreign Naturalists.................................................................................... 58 Early Natural Resources Policy Institutions....................................................................
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