sign in sign up
<<
Home , Homeostasis, Structure

Keystone Remediation A4: and Transport

Assessment Anchors:

• to describe how the of the plasma membrane allows it to as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for the (A.4.1.1)

• to compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e. passive transport – diffusion, , facilitated diffusion; and active transport – pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis) (A.4.1.2)

• to compare how membrane-bound cellular (e.g. endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus) facilitate the transport of materials within the cell (A.4.1.3)

• to explain how maintain homeostasis (e.g. , water regulation, regulation) (A.4.2.1)

Unit Vocabulary: active transport extracellular marker carrier (transport) facilitated diffusion osmosis Golgi apparatus passive transport concentration gradient homeostasis bilayer diffusion homeostatic mechanism plasma membrane endocytosis impermeable pumps ( or molecular) endoplasmic reticulum protein (pump) exocytosis Assessment Anchor: Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for the cell (A.4.1.1)

The (A.K.A. Plasma Membrane)

The main function Selective permeability is Is composed mainly is to regulate what Individual the term that describes of enters and leaves phospholipid: the fact that the that form a bilayer. the cell. membrane allows some materials to pass through while preventing others. When move two other through the components phospholipids portion of the membrane it is to help proteins called simple the membrane diffusion. maintain its fluidity Molecules Molecules that pass that don’t freely pass freely The special type channel pumps marker through the through the of diffusion proteins proteins membrane membrane where water are small are large moves across and/or and/or the membrane is used for the used the used for cell nonpolar. polar. osmosis. process of process of identification facilitated active diffusion transport

Examples are CO2 & Examples are is an example of a are examples of particles O2 (small) and proteins (large) transported this way. transported this way. (nonpolar) Assessment Anchor: Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e. passive transport – diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport – pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis) (A.4.1.2)

Moving Materials across the Plasma Membrane

can be passive can be active in the form of ATP which does not which does require require

because molecules because particles are and includes move down the being moved against concentration the concentration

gradient gradient

endocytosis exocytosis active transport (simple) diffusion where osmosis, facilitated (pumps) particles move through the which is diffusion , which is phospholipid part of the the diffusion through membrane diffusion of channel proteins water

of solid particles of liquid droplets is phagocytosis is pinocytosis

Ions are an example examples of substances an example of a An example is a of a substance transported in this manner bacterial cell being transported in this substance are CO2(small), O2(small), engulfed by a white manner. and lipids (nonpolar) transported in this manner is glucose cell Assessment Anchor: Compare how membrane-bound cellular organelles (e.g. endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus) facilitate the transport of materials within the cell (A.4.1.3)

Smooth ER is involved in the The nucleus contains chromosomes made of DNA and protein. The DNA contains the code that specifies the order that the The code for the production of a particular production of lipids and the of poisons. amino acids should be placed in to make a particular protein. protein is found in the chromosomes which are located in the nucleus.

Proteins are produced on the ribosomes.

Proteins are produced on the ribosomes.

Lysosome The proteins are sent for further s contain processing to the rough endoplasmic digestive reticulum. . Proteins are transported in vesicles.

The proteins are then packaged for their final destination in the Golgi complex.

Rough ER modifies proteins made on Proteins are transported in vesicles. the ribosomes.

Some Some proteins If the Some proteins will will be proteins vesicles speed up incorporated are to be develop chemical into the secreted into reactions plasma secretion from the organelles within the membrane. cell (such used for cell. These Examples are: The Golgi complex as digestion receives proteins within the are called ), • marker from the rough ER cell and enzymes. and sorts and the vesicle proteins packages them into must fuse are called • channel vesicles. with the lysosomes proteins . plasma • transport membrane. proteins (pumps) Assessment Anchor: Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis (e.g. thermoregulation, water regulation, oxygen regulation) (A.4.2.1)

Homeostasis

maintaining constant internal conditions

Examples include:

Thermoregulation Water regulation Oxygen regulation Definition: maintaining Definition: maintaining the Definition: maintaining a constant body constant amount of water in the consistent concentration of oxygen body in your cells and bloodstream

One way living things achieve this: sweating when hot or One way living things achieve One way living things achieve when cold this: urinating very little when this: faster when dehydrated exercising

Possible consequence of problem with regulatory Possible consequence of Possible consequence of problem process: Enzymes only problem with regulatory with regulatory process: If cells function properly in a narrow process: If water is retained in can’t get enough oxygen to carry temperature range. the body, it can cause swelling. out cellular , they die.