T H E

A N D T H E

H O R E H O O G O OG R H A N I ST I CAL AN D T N L I CAL M N AP ,

\V I T H SO M E R E FE R E N C E T O

S C O TIA MAJO R AN D S C O TIA M I N O R

TO W H I C H I S A D D E D A C H A PTER O N

HOW THE I RISH CAME AS BUI LD E R S O F THE NATION

?‘ By H N O N C L I N A N O . J H E H

I n su ranc e ss s . s s State Commi ioner of New Hamp hire Member , the New Hamp hire Hi torical - - . s A s s D Society Trea urer General , merican Iri h Hi torical Society . Late epartment

s . Commander , New Hamp hire , Grand Army of the Republic Many Y s s s s ear a Director of the Getty burg Battlefield A ociation .

C O N C O R D , N . H . THE A MERICAN—I RIS H HISTO RIC AL SO C IE TY

f v v C . 5 u ¢ ‘ u V x J w u v v b M 9 b b y b v V u v J u y y v H g J v u v g u V A WO RD AT THE START .

This monograph on T/z e [ms/z 550 1s a n d T/z e Scale/z

' ' ” ‘ Jrz s /z was origin ally prepared by me for T/z e Grcw z z ze

M on t/fl . . y, of Concord , N H It was published in that magazin e in three successive in stalm ents which appeared , respectively , in the issue s of Jan uary , F ebruary and

I 8 8 8 . March , With the exc eption of a few minor changes ,

w the monograph is n o reproduced as originally written .

' The pap er here presented o n H o w t/z e [M s /e Ca m e a s B u ilde rs of T/z e N a tio n is based on articles con tributed

' P z lo z 1 8 0 by me to the Boston in 9 , and at other p eriod s , and on an articl e contri buted by me to th e Boston Sunday

Glo be I 1 8 . of March 7 , 95

S u le m e m m ’ f Fac ts a n d Co m m e n t th e The pp , forming

o f conclusion of this pu blication , will be found special interest and value in conn ection with the preceding section s of th e work .

H N I N E H A N . J O C . L

N H I 1 0 2 . Concord , . . , July , 9 T H E I R I S H S C O T S A ND T H E “ S C O T C H

I R I S H .

A STUD Y o f peculiar interest to all o f N ew H amp shire o f birth and origin is th e early hi story thos e peopl e , w h o f , di fering from th e settlers around them , were first

“ - c alled Iri sh by their English n eigh bors , Scotch Irish by “ ” som e of their descendants , and later on Scotch by

f . o . writ ers lik e Mr . Morrison Windham , N H “ A c cording to th e latter , Th e ignoran ce of other cl asse s ' ” in re latio n to them and th eir history was un bounded .

n o t d of They were called Irish , when a rop Irish blood ” f . o flowed in their vein s They were S cotch blood , pure and simpl e ; th e blood o f Erin did n o t flow commingl ed in

w h o ~ o n e the vein s of the hardy exil es , , hundred and sixty

a o fo r and more years g , struck a settlem ent and a hom e in “ this wintry land . Then l et every d escend ant of the first settl ers distin ctly remem b er that his an cestor s were

th e Scotch , that h e is of Scotch d escent , and that term s ’ ’ ‘ ‘ - - h so Scotch Irish and Scotch Englis , far as th ey imply a f dif erent than Scotch origin and d escent , are a perversion f h o truth and fal se to istory . “ ’ o f o ld Many h ave heard what th e lady said , There s h . ff w ere St Paul and I di er , and , like that argumentative , kindly old soul , there is where Mr . Morrison and history

ff . di er The American of English origin , who is fortun ate in tracing his lin eage to th e Mayflower and Plymouth

Rock , is not content to stop th ere . H e goe s back to

n o t Britain , and even then is satisfied until h e goe s to th e 6

his cradle of race in G ermany , the home of the Saxon ; so

o t o th e would the true Scot g back Highlands , and from

t o M s thenc e across the home of race , Ireland , th e true

his Scotia of history , th e sourc e of hi s language , cu stoms , mann ers , laws , n am e and religion . That this is not more gen erally known is n o t the fault of history but of prej u

n o t i fo r e dic e , and after all surpris ng , wh re among modern n ation s can b e found a peopl e more vilifi ed and more p er s e c u ted m isre re , and whose early history h as b een more p s ented or studiously avoided th an th at o f th e ancient I r ish

? Tim es and th eir d escendants A criticism of th e London ,

o n b quite recently , on a work Ireland y a young English

o f stud ent , was very s evere b ecause the writer went back

Tim es o f the Norman invasion , which the said was no

n o t to possible interest t o Engl ishmen . It is un common

find occasionally a child ashamed to own its parent , but that does not by any m ean s sever th e relation ship ; and

s o writers lik e thos e m entioned , proud of their all eged

ro b o f S cotch origin , cannot , even if th ey would , Erin her an cient n am e and appropriate it to them selves without

A s o f giving credit were it i s due . well might the p eopl e

t o N ew England attempt tak e to themselves the nam e , fam e and glory o f th e older England and d eny it to th e latter .

H . o f . Cochrane in his H istory Antrim , N , speaks in — glowing terms o f his Highland ance stors o f their u n c o n

u e rable o f fo e q , haughty n atures , th eir bravery to the , and

o f their kindn ess to the poor , but repudiates the idea their

’ ’ is s C r o r n O Co rc o rans It probable that the name Cochrane derive from O o c a . The were of the C lan Cian of Ormond (now the County Tipperary) in the Iris h Province of s M ac C o r o r ns s D e s i s Mun ter . The c a are al o mentioned in Ormond and e ( Tipperary and W' ’ ’ aterford ; as chiefs of the Clan Rooney An Iri sh form of O Corcoran w as O Co rc rain . h as z h ran k C o e . The name been anglici ed Corcoran , g , Coc ran , etc The late Gen John Y w as e s s Cochrane , of New ork , a memb r of the American Iri h Hi torical Society and a d s f W e cendant of a patriot o ficer of the American Revolution Hon . Bourke Cockran , the

s s is re resent anv e . di tingui hed orator , another p of the clan b Irish origin ; ut a standard Scotch work , the writers in

' which bein g o n the ground ought to know wh ereof they ’ 1 1 sp eak , tells the story as follows (vol . , p . 3 3 3 , Cham ber s , “ ’ En cyclopm dia) : The ‘ Scots were the Celtic tribes in

S cotland , dwelling in th e western and more mountainou s districts north of th e Forth and th e Clyde , who , when it b ecame necessary to distingui sh them from the T eutoni c

b th e o f inha itants of th e low country , re ceived n ame s ’ ’ ‘ ‘ o f the Wild S cots , Th e I rishry Scotland , and more ’ ” recently the Scotch H ighlanders . St . Bridget , it also “ m entions , was held in great reveren ce in Scotland , and was regard ed by th e D ou glas se s as their tutelary saint . i“

fo r . In their re spect St Patrick , also , th e Scots of the H ighland s were not a w hit b ehind their kindred in Ire

o f . land , as the frequent m ention th e n am e proves In these latter days a n ew school of writ ers has sprung up , whose pride of ancestry outstrips their knowledge , and whose prejudices blind their love of truth . With the differen ce in religion between certain section s o f the Irish b peopl e as a asis , they are bent on creating a n ew race , ’ ‘ - christening it Scotch Irish , laboring hard to prove that it ’ ‘ to o f tw o o ld is a brand sup erior eith er the types , and whil e clinging to th e Scotch root , claim that their an cestors f b were di ferent from th e Irish in lood , morals , language and religion . This is a que stion n o t difficult to settl e for

to those who are disposed treat it honestly , but , as a rule ,

w h o th e writers are the most prolific , as well as the sp eakers who are the most eloquent , know the least about th e subj ect , and care l ess , if th ey can only succeed in hav ing their theorie s accepted . Th e Irish origin of the Scots is “ b - h studiously avoid ed y n early all th e Scotch Iris writers ,

Patrick w as for a long period a favorite Chri s tian name among the Scotti sh H ighlander s w as and proudly borne by many of their greate s t men . 8

or if m ention ed at all , is spoken of in a mann er which leaves the reader to infer that the Scots had m ade a mis

in take selecting their ancestors , and it was the duty of d their descen ants , so far as it lay in their power , to rectify the error . There was so much prej udice shown toward s th e Lon m m n H . d o do derr . a y, N , settlers by the English of th e j g

M r r . . c G e o town s , that Rev Mr g , their pastor , according to

B elkn ap or Barstow , wrote Governor Shute complaining b ecau se they were called Irish Catholics wh en they had been loyal to th e British Empire and fought again st th e papists ; but it i s record ed al so that h e wrote to the French governor of Can ada that his peopl e were from

Ireland , and craved hi s good graces with the Indian s ; and

fo r in this he was more succes sful than in th e form er ,

fo r whil e th e hostility of the English settlers l asted years , the Londonderry peopl e were not mole sted by th e In dians , who made havoc with th eir n eighbors all aroun d them .

St . Donatu s , or Donough , Bishop of Fiesol e , in th e

y th e h seventh centur , on e of band of missionaries , w ose

are th e n am es found all over continent of Europe , d escribes his country as follows

s s s Far we tward lie an i le of ancient fame , ss is By nature ble ed , and Scotia her name s s s s s Enrolled in book , exhau tle in her tore s Of veiny ilver and of golden ore . s s Her fruitful oil forever teem with wealth , W s s ith gem her water , and her air with health s f Her verdant field with milk and honey low , Her woolly fleece s vie with virgin s now ; s fl Her waving furrow oat with bearded corn , And arm s and art s her envied s on s adorn s s s s No avage bear with lawle fury rove , Nor ravenou s lion through the peaceful groves s s s s No poi on there infect , no caly nake s ss s k Creep through the gra , nor frog annoy the la e An s s i land worthy of her piou race ,

In war triumphant , and unmatched in peace . 9

Co n radu s Pu ellaru m 1 0 , a Monte , who wrote about 3 4 ,

m en states that illu strious for sanctity flouri shed in Ireland ,

Gre ste r C anisiu s which was called S cotia Major ; and , ,

C ae s ariu s I s o do ru s , Marianu s Scotu s , Orosiu s , , and Vener

a flo u r able Bede , with train of other l earn ed writers , who ish ed de s i from the sixth until th e fourt eenth century , g n ate Ireland by th e appellation of S cotia ; and the

Breviary of A berd een in Scotland shows , beyond all con tro v e rs y, that there was a S cotia Minor as well as a Scotia

‘ h . Major . In t is an cien t Breviary it is men tion ed that St

Winn iu s , born in a provin ce of S cotia from th e illustriou s

N e illian b mon archs , was y a prosperou s and propitious gal e ’ to wafted S cotia Minor .

- l. to v o . Two Scoto Iri sh saints , according Cham bers , iv , 2 h p . 3 4 , ave left th eir mark on th e topography of Irel and — and S cotland St . Fillian the Leper and St . Fillian th e h A bbot . The form er had a church on Loc Ern e in

Ball h e lan d . Perth shire , Scotland , and another in y y , Irel and

h ad VVe stm e ath Th e l atter a church in , Ireland , and in th e

Glendo c h art upper part of , Perth shire , S cotland , which ’ takes from him th e n am e of Strathfillian . St . Fillian s well takes its n ame from the former . A relic of St .

o u r Fillian th e A b bot h as been preserved to time , th e silver h ead of hi s Crosier or p astoral staff now in po s

o f session a m emb er of the family , Al exand er Davar , a

th e farmer in Can ad a , whose ance stors have been here ditary and l egal custodian s of th e relic sin ce th e thirteenth “ i ri r . u ch o century A full d escription of it , th e Q g Crosier f f o . th e o St Fillian , will b e found in proc eedings th e

o f Soci ety Antiqu aries of S cotland , (Edin . , — — e . Of the language Gaelic Richard Garnett , one o f m of the ost l earn ed Engli sh philologists , states , I O

That Irish is the parent tongue ; that Scottish Gaelic is Irish stripped of a few in flection s ; and that the language of th e H ighlands does not differ in any essential point from that of th e opposite coast of Lein ster or Ulster , b ear ing in fact a closer resemblan ce than lo vxr German does to h ” to . high German , or D anis Swedish

Mr . W . F . Sken e , on e of th e b est informed of Scottish writers on the Gaelic language , although laboring hard to i fo r f nd a n ative origin it , has to admit that the north of

Ireland , the Scottish Highlands , and west islands were , at

ad an early age , peopled by the same race ; and further

t o mits , that from the middl e of the twelfth c entury

o f e x er about th e middl e th e sixteenth century , Irel and c is ed a powerful lit erary in fluence on the S cottish High land s ; that th e Irish sennachies and b ard s were head s of a school which included the we st H ighlands ; th at the Highland s ennachie s were either of Irish d escent , or , if th ey were of native origin , resorted to the schools in I rel and for in struction in the language ; th at in this way th e l anguage and literature o f the Scottish H ighland s must h ave b ecom e more and more assimilated to the lan guage and literature of Irel and and that it may well be doubted whether , towards the middl e of th e sixteen th i c entury , there ex sted in the Scottish Highland s the m ean s of acquiring the art of writing the l anguage except in Ireland , or th e con ception of a written and cultivated literature which was not identifi ed with the language of ” that island .

‘ b 1 6 1 6 0 The first print ed ooks , from 5 7 to 9 , for the u se

all o rth o of th e Scottish H ighlanders , were in the Irish g ra h —a p y and Irish dialect , tran slation of the Bibl e in ’ 1 690 being simply a reprin t of Bishop Bedel s Irish version I I

f of the sam e . H ere , th en , is proof su ficient that from th e

o f o f middle th e sixteenth century , back to the d awn modern history , Ireland and Scotland , the mother and — daughter , were clos ely connected one in blood , language , and religion . The Reform ation brought about a chang e of faith , but that would not tran sform the blood .

A r lsh ire w h o to Th e Scots from gy , went Ireland under J ame s the First in 1 6 1 2 were the an ce stors of the s o “ c alled Scotch - Irish o f N ew H ampshire ; and it will be

t o o r . hard for writ ers like Mr . Cochran e Mr Morrison “ prove that the blood o f Erin did n o t flo w commingled in

th e their vein s , for writings of Sken e and oth er Scotch m en admit the close conn ection almost down to the depar ture of the Argyle emigrants fo r Ul ster ; and the n ame s born e by th e greater part of the settlers were those pe culiar to th e Highland s and to Ireland . ’ Bu ckle s History of Civilization , speaking of Scot

at w l and , says It is this point the withdra al of th e — Rom an s that w e b egin to discern th e physical and f geographical peculiarities o Scotland . The Roman s gradually losing ground , the proximity of Ireland caused rep eated attacks from that fertile island , whose rich soil and great n atural advantages gave ris e to an exu berant , and therefore restless , population . An overflow which in

z is is c ivili ed times an emigration , in barbarous tim es an

. o r invasion H en ce th e Irish , Scotti as they were term ed , established the mselve s by force of arm s in th e west of

1n to S cotland , and cam e collision with the Picts , who o d ccupie the east ern part . A deadly struggl e ensu ed , which lasted four centurie s after th e withdrawal of th e i Roman s , and plunged th e country nto th e greatest con fusion . A t length , in the middl e of th e ninth century , 1 2

M c Al in r Kenn eth p , king of the S cotti , gain ed the upp e

Th e hand , and reduced th e Picts to complet e subj ection . coun try was th en united under one rul e , and the con

u e ro rs i q , slowly absorb ng th e conqu ered , gave their n am e d a to the whol e , which in th e tenth century receive th e p ” pellation of Scotland . “ Pinkerton , in his An cien t Lives of S cottish Saints ,

th e Pic tav ia speaking of Picts , says that i s spoken of by th e chronicl es long after th e acc ession of Kenn eth Mc

lo n oe o re Sco tia beca m e ide n i ed w it/z Alpin , and g f i/ n o r t/ce rn B rita in o r cea s e d to be t/z e o rdina r n a m e o , y f ” I re la n d “ . Again h e writes , Th e Picts , supposed by

to R some b e the Caledonian s of th e om an writers , wh en

first known under that n am e , oc cupied th e whol e t erritory

h o f o f th e nort th e Firth Forth except western portion , which h ad b een colonized or subdued by th e Scots , h anot er Celtic n ation , whos e chief seat was in Ireland , “ tlce ro e r a n d p p a nc ie n t Sc o tla n d. Th e Southern Pict s

Nin n ian th e were convert ed to Christianity by St . , and ” tw o Northern Picts by St . Colum ba , of the most cel e brat d h e of t e Irish mi ssion arie s of th e sixth century .

so n o f E arc a — th e Fergus , Erc , (Mac ) from when ce — Ferguson s d erive their name th e first king of th e British

of . Scots , was supposed to be a close conn ection St l Co u m bkille . For h is coron ation the ston e of de stiny (in ” Ireland known as the Lia Fail , in Scotland Th e Ston e ” h of S con e ) was brought to th e Hig land s from Irel and ,

n o t to fo r but return ed according promise , and years was h kept in the c urch of Scon e , where th e Scottish sovereign s f o f w I . o were c rown ed , down to th e time Ed ard , king

to England , who captured and conveyed it England , where it n o w form s part of th e coron ation chair o f the sovereign s. 1 3 o f the United Kingdom in Westmin ster A bb ey . From Edward to Victoria every rul er of Britian has b een crown ed

. to o on the stone Even Cromwell , th e Puritan , d emocratic

o u t n to go into the ab bey , had the chair brought i to th e “ th e f hall , and on it took oath of o fice as Lord Protector of England . Of the ab surdity of th e statement th at the blood o f any “ n ation is pure , free from commingling , a writer in “ . . 8 2 to Chamb ers , vol xi , p 3 , says , It is unreason able suppose that the Anglo - Saxon invad ers exterminated the

‘ Celtic O u latio n e n ative p p (of Britain) , or even drove mor than a tithe o f them into the Highland s . The mass u n doubtedly remained as su bj ect serfs , l earn ed the language and customs of their masters , and gradually amalgam ated w s o ith them , that perhap s , in poin t of blood , the English ” are as much C eltic as Teutonic . Th e in v asion o f England later by the Norman Fren ch Th m proves the theory of this writer . e Saxons were e

" slaved by their m asters , and in tim e am algamated with

so t o - as l them , that day th e language well as th e b ood x shows th e mi ture . In f act , there are more Fren ch th an ’ Saxon word s in the form er ; and writers of Alfred s period

o f - would esteem th em selves , in th e England to day , so far

r is as the moth e tongu e con cern ed , strangers in a strange l and .

his Th e E Green , in work , Making of ngland , a most

l t o ad mirab e book , confin es himself the p eriod b etween th e

H en h ist all l anding of g and Horsa , in 4 49, to the union of

8 0 . England under Alfred , about 5 From th e Angle s ,

S axon s , Dan es , and Jutes , mixed with a remnant of the

w h o in ancient Briton s , and from th e Norman Fren ch ,

1 0 0 vaded England in 4 under William th e Conqueror , are I 4

descended the English people . Th e language , on accoun t

o f - of th e mixture races , is to day , according to Max Muller,

.

the most composite of any spoken on th e globe , th e ’ num ber o f words in Web st er s and standard English dic tion arie s de r1v ed from the Latin or Fren ch being in th e

o f tw t n proportion o o o e from the Saxon . “ N o w the m an w h o is to write the Making of S cot ” l o f n d to l and , following the p an Green , will fi , according

o f th e testimony th at writer , who derived his knowledge r from Gildas , the last British histo ian , and from variou s other authorities whom he quotes , th at the coast of Britain , under th e Roman power , was continually raided by th e

' S cots o f Ireland ; that th ey h ad established colonies o n variou s points , north and south that b etween th e second and third c en turie s the kingdom o f D alriada was found ed by them in wh at was th en called Cal edonia : that in c o m

o f pany with th e Picts , the aborigin es Scotland , th ey u sed to pour down o n th e Roman s from the H igh lands ; that to k eep them o u t th e E mp eror Severu s built the great

o n o f Roman wall ; th at th e d eclin e the Roman power , and

o u t o f D alriada after being driven , th e Scots again passed

s on o f w h o over from Ireland , under Fergus , Erc , was

o f crown ed first king th e British Scots in 50 3 . From this tim e up to about the date o f th e accession of

th e o f t o Alfred , condition Caledonia was similar th at of

England , continual warfare b etween th e Scots and Pict s ending in th e complete su bj ec tion of the l atter in the

of M c Al in eighth century, and the crowning Kenn eth p as f the first king o S cotlan d . Th e Picts disapp ear from th e pages of history ; no trace of language or cu stom remain s .

From Ireland th e Scot s took th eir tradition s , mann ers , religion , laws , cu stom s , language , and n am e .

1 6

The l anguage of the England of to - day was not th at of th e Angl es , who were entirely ignorant of letters . The blood of the modern Anglo- Saxon is not as cl ear as that m of his ancestors of the fifth century . Th e na es of the p eopl e are not the same as those in u se a thousand years a o l g , but , according to all Eng ish writers , they are the

e o n 11 e . same p opl e , and th at qu estion 9 issu is desired But apply the same rule to th e Scotch ; the language o f th e " w ith o u t c o rru tio n o r H ighl and s is th e same Gaelic , p mix ture , that their an cestors u sed when th ey left Ireland . I t i s th e same tongue used in Ireland to - day where Irish i s

in spok en . Their family n am es are those largely used

Irel and b efore Anglo - Saxon s h ad acquired a knowledge o f th e o f alph abet , or kn ew how to m ake the sign th e cross , both o f which were taught them by the Scottish mission a

. o r ries The Mac is known only in Irelan d and Scotland , in countries peopled by those n ation s . Th e connection

o f w to b etween th e p eople both countries was close , do n ! h the Reformation . On Ireland t e British Scots h ad to dep end for education . They had n o schools of th eir own ; th e o f o ld seats learning were all in the land , at Armagh , h B angor , D erry , Cas el , and other places of note in those days ; and even as late as th e sixteenth century th e High to to l and harpers went Ireland get a musical education .

When th e Scots emigrated from Ireland , the memory of

St . Patrick was fresh in their mind s ; the precepts h e

”

h . o f taught were w at they practised His nam e , with that

it s w as s w as So clo e thi connection , that Edward Bruce , brother of Robert , at one period inv it n w invited to come to Ireland and become king of the latter country . The a o n as

r A . 1 1 e . s . 6 00 0 s . accept d Edward landed near Ca rickfergu D 3 5, with a force of Scot He ’ w as ly by O N e ill g s l s s y immediate j oined and other reat Iri h ord of the north , and oon b ’ ’ O Br1e n Th o m o n d s s s Connor , king of Connaught , of , and other Iri h leader of the ea t , w as 1 D im s s w we s t and s outh . Bruce crowned k ng of Ireland at undalk with pre e cere monies The Iri sh and Scotch allie s th e n vigorous ly proceeded aga1 n st t h e Englis h in s U s m ai ch ed s Ireland , peedily drove them out of l ter , and then outhward , defeating the Engli s h in s everal pitched battles . I 7

Bridget , was loved and honored in Scotland , and revered

in Irel and . The Saxon s even , loved th e n am e of Bridget , ’ o o n e o f which was b rn e by Cromwell s d aughters , and it will al so b e foun d o n th e th e tom bston es o f the Walker

H . . family in Con cord , N . , in the old cemetery In no part of th e world was the C eltic blood more vigor

A r lshire ou s than in th e Highland s , where , in gy , as late as

1 8 1 5 , with a popul ation of about mostly all used h the Gaelic tongue . Th e Scotch are t en more truly Celtic

than th e English are Saxon ; and it is un fair , in th e light

of history , to draw a lin e between th em and their kindred

of Ireland .

th e do It i s fashion now among som e peopl e , to this , and

o ff among th e num b er who wish to cut th e conn ection , if h ff suc a thing were possible , are th e o spring of m any

h o f w ose an cestors n ever saw the hill s Scotl and , but who would fain enroll th em selves in th e ranks o f th e S cotch

Irish .

From Ireland to A rdh - G ae hdal (Argyl e) th e Scots T went in 50 3 . o Irelan d from Argyl e return ed the Scots in 1 6 1 2 and to Am eric a th eir descendants sail ed away “ “ - 1 1 . h in 7 9 Call t em Scotch Irish , or Scotch , as you

will , this i s their record . I f it is wrong , th en the schol arly ’ writers in Chambers are mistaken , and works ‘ Green s full o f errors . That th e peopl e o f th e Lowland s are mixed

n to will m ak e o differen ce . Apply th e sam e rul e both

countries , and Scotland , as we have said , is more Celtic A than England i s S axon . nother fact in connection with h f h i o . s t is point i s interest Cochran e , in history of “ ” H . 1 1 . to the 6 Antrim , N , alluding Massacre of 4 , states that but comparatively fe w o f th e Scotch were killed by

the Irish , whose h atred was more directly against the 1 8

h Englis , and also wrote that while the English s ettlem ents were repeatedly attacked by th e Fren ch and Indians in “ ” - N ew Hampshire , the Scotch Irish were not molested , and that there was a supposition that th ey had been in structed to that effect by the Jesuit priests in Canada ; rather suggestive “ The Massacre of 1 64 1 has b een for years a favorite weapon in the hands of those w h o dislike th e Irish Cath o lic s ; but it has been treated so often by Irish Protestants

an d of who love the truth th e good n am e th eir countrymen , that a word from on e whose ancestors have be en s o foully f slandered o r tw o h undred years is not n eed ed . Th e “ ” o f History of Ireland , by Prof . Taylor , Trin ity coll ege ,

V in diciae H ibe r Dublin , published by H arper Brothers ; ” n ic ae o f o n , by Math ew Carey , father the great writer politi cal economy , H enry C . C arey ; and the Cromwellian ” — h u . ex a s Settlem ent , by John P Prendergast , all d eal tively with th e su bj ect .

Fo r o f over eighty years , under the reign s th e Jameses ,

Ch arle ses Cromwell , th e two , and William th e Third , the

- so - S cotch Irish call ed , had b een the willing in struments in the hands of English rul ers and English p arliaments to uphold th e English power and the English church . Pres b terian s y themselves , they fought willingly again st their

Catholic kindred for their share of the land of Ireland . And no m atter what w as th e religion professed by th eir

o f — o r re masters , or the form government , mon archy

o r — public , king or protector , Episcopal Puritan , they did

their full part ; but the day of reckoning came , and bitterly did they reap the fruit of their labors and sa c rifices . Th e s urrend er of Limerick end ed the t erribl e struggl e so far

as the Irish Catholics were concern ed . William was 1 9

fo r firmly seated on the thron e , the Irish th e first time b compl etely su j ugated . their lands in th e posse ssion of th e

o f o f enemy , the troopers Cromwell and William , and their p erson s at the m ercy of all w h o h at ed them .

w h o fo r The Fren ch Protest ants , fought William with

of his Dutch auxiliaries , had settl ed in Irel and ; m any th em were skill ed artisans . Manufactures sprang up ; the war

o f was over , and th e arts p eace followed ; th e h erd s of f . lo t o c attl e , sh eep , and hors es increased Th e th e poor — Iri sh p eople was growing better ; their s ervi c es th eir — labor were required ; and it seem ed after all as if the

w as country going to see peac e and prosp erity restored , B 1 to . u t 0 although confin ed mainly th e strangers , and b ehold ! th e p eopl e of Engl and awoke o n e morning and found a n ew comp etitor crowding them in their o w n mark ets . Th ey h ad b een accustomed to supply th e Irish

w p eople ; but th e tabl es ere turn ed , and Engl and was

flooded with Irish cattl e , Irish wool , and Irish wool ens .

That would n ever do . Parliam ent was app eal ed to ; th e prayers of the English m erchants were granted ; th e ex p o rt atio n of cattl e and m anufactured goods from Ireland w as forbidden ; and the great British nation was on ce more

. to s aved This was a h ard blow th e loyal Protest ants , in whose hands and by whose exertions Irel and in so short a tim e had proved to be so formidable a rival . Ireland — Protestant Ireland sank under it .

Then , again , th e governm ent finding th e Pre sbyterian s

f- indep endent and sti f ne cked , and having for the tim e ff b eing e ectually settl ed th e Catholic question , exporting t o the West India isl ands and to New Engl and over ten thousand boys and girl s , young m en and wom en , and 2 0

n l sc att ering over Europe , from Italy to Pol a d , addition a — — thousands of exil es , soldiers , priests , and laymen , turn ed

a and its p tern al eyes on th e Pre sbyterian Irish of the North ,

—f re stric it took but a few years for them to l earn , a ter

o n tion s placed their religion , petty persecution of th eir

p astors , th e in crease of th eir rents on l eas es expiring , an d

of th e entire destruction their m anufacturing industries , that it m ade but littl e differen ce ! with th e English govern — m ent wh at peopl e it was th at inhabited Hibernia, th e old “ - - - Irish , th e Norm an Irish , th e Anglo Saxon Irish , or “ ” - to th e Scotch Irish . Th eir mission in life according th e governm ent w as to work for th e profit of th e English peo

h t o fo r o v pl e , to fig t , and , if n ecessary , die the English g

e rn m e n t to w orshi G o d , and p in con formity with th e English

church . ? Wh Wh at was the result y, those peopl e whos e an cestors l eft Scotl and on e hundred o r more years before turn ed

o n h to th eir backs Ireland , and in t ousands emigrated

n o f America, ac comp anied by fully as m a y th e old rac e , whose h omes were found all over th e origin al thirteen

an d a h colon ies , whose descend nts are found today throug out

th e — th e M c N e ils M c Le an s L an ah an s country , , , Carrol s ,

M c M u r h s M c Gre o rs n Lynch es , p y , g , Barrys , Sulliva s , Mc ’ ’ ’ M c D u ff s O Brien s M an ah an s O D o n Cormicks , y , , , O N eils ,

Bran n an s M c Clin n ell s , , Pollocks , Buchan an s , Morrison s ,

M c Gu ire s M c Carth s f Gro h an s tocks , , y , Jackson s , Co fees , g ,

M c Grad s M c D o n o u h s y , Clarkes , H arn eys , g , Porters , Mc ’ O H aras M c Affe e s Mill an s , Montgom erys , Shute s , , , Mc

Gin n ise s M c G ow an s , , Butlers , Fitzgeralds , Mooneys , Kellys ,

M c Ado o s Kennys , Moores , Gilmore s , , Kearn eys , H aleys ,

! th e s R 1 8 s s s s s During Iri h evolution of 79 , ho t of Iri h Pre byterian nobly identified s s s s s s z them elve s with the patriot cau e . Many Pre byterian mini ter were ei ed by the ‘ ‘ ” Briti s h enemy and executed as rebel s to Engli s h law . 2 1

M c Clar s R M c Co m bs y , Pendergasts , Sh eas , oach es , , Mc

’ ’ M c Gills M c R ae s O Con n o rs Calls , , , Kan es , Flynn s , , Mc ’ ’ M c Clan ah an s M c G ee s O Kee fe s O R o u rke s Clellan s , , , , , ’

O Reill s M c Co n ih e s M c D o u als M c D o w ells . . y , , g , , etc , etc Many immortalized th em selves by deeds of daring in the

v i th e an . ser ce of th e colonies or republic , on l d and on sea Lord Fitzwilliam estimated the num ber of op eratives ’ w h o l eft Ireland at on e hundred thousand . Dobb s H is

of 1 2 tory Irish Trad e , Dublin , 7 7 , said that three thou h sand m ales left Ulster yearly fo r th e colonies . Phil adelp ia

fo r 1 2 o f alon e , th e year 7 9, shows a record Irish

2 6 emigrants , again st English and Welsh , 7 ; S cotch , 4 3

G erman s , 3 4 3 . They l eft Irel and with th e most inten se hatred of Eng h l and . That h atred was religiou sly tran smitt ed to t eir

to children , which England found her cost in the war of

c o m th e R evolution , th e close of which found Moylan the

- al m and er of th e dragoon s , and H and th e adj utant gen er of — h th e army both n atives of Ireland . Among t ose of their kindred who rem ain ed at home this inten sity of feel ing found vent in th e in stitution of the order of United ” Irishm en , first composed , like th e Charitabl e Irish Society

o f P of Boston (found ed , rotestants , afterwards assimi lating with those of the Catholic faith , and culmin ating in

1 8 th e Re bellion of 7 9 , wh en for the first tim e in th e his tory of Irel and th e C atholic and Protestant C elt s fought c on the sam e side , and th e Catholi priest and Presbyterian

n elder were hanged o th e sam e tree . This is so well known that no authorities n e ed b e quoted .

so - - The call ed Scotch Irish loved Ireland . Their action in 1 7 98 proved th at they did not hate h er son s ; and th ey emigrated to Am erica, not as som e writers would have the 2 2

to world believe , on account of di slike th e Irish Catholic s , but becau se they could not live und er the English govern m en t in Ireland . The affinity between th e kindred races is treated lightly

e by modern writers , esp cially in New H ampshire , and th e “ ” saying of Bayard T aylor , in Picturesqu e Europe , th at “ they [the Irish! were th e tru e S cots of history , would no dou bt be exc eedingly distasteful to th em but it will b e very h ard to find a Teutonic origin for the gallant and stu b born rac e which h as n ever l earn ed to b end th e kn e e

bo w or th e head to tyrants , either in Ireland or in — Scotl and a race to which Europ e owes a d eb t it can f . o n ever repay For from th e teachings the Scots , at a tim e wh en Rom e and Greece were overrun by barbaric host s , Scotl and learn ed her duty to the tru e God as taugh t

o f by th e gosp el His divin e Son , and acquired a knowl edge o f n to w as l etters which , owi g th e overthrow of Rom e , fast

o u t dying elsewh ere . H Cochran e in his Hi story of Antrim , N . . , and Morrison in hi s H istory of Windh am and th e Hi story of th e Morrison

o f Family , allude to th e th eory th e Irish origin of th e

h w do . o Scotch , but not con sider it credibl e A study,

o f ever , th e origin of th e n am e s of p erson s and places in

Irel and and Scotl and would easily disclose th e relation ship .

of Th e prefixes Kin , Kil , an d Dun in th e n am es pl aces are

on e and . as frequ ent in country as in the oth er , th e prefixe s

Mac and Kil to th e n am es of person s are common to both .

- M ac Sh an e Mac simply m ean s son , , son of John ; Mac

s o n M ac Gre o r s o n ! Donough , of D ennis ; g , of Gregory

M ac D e rm o t o r M ac D iarm id so n o f M ac D o n ald , J eremiah ; ,

M ac Ph adri s o n M ac Te a u e , son of Daniel ; g, of Patrick ; g so n M ac Bride M ac M u rro u h of Timothy ; , son of Bridget ; g ,

o f . son Murrough , etc

2 4

On e thing is c ertain , and it is this , to the unprej udiced reader : it does n o t appear from a perusal of colonial documents that these p eopl e w h o s ettled in Londonderry and other towns in N ew H ampshire were s o much asham ed of b eing c all ed Irish as th e writings o f som e o f

th eir d escendants indicate . Th ere were s cattered among

th e them many bearing nam es p eculiar to east , west and ’ o f O Brie n south Irel and , like Flynn , Lanahan , , Man ah an ,

Sullivan , Lyn ch , Connor , Moon ey , Burk e an d Fitzgerald , as well as such well known north of Ireland n am es as ’ ’ O N ill M M h n n ll e c a o O D o n e . , and In addition , the s ettl ers of Scotch origin were largely th e descendants o f those who settled in Ireland in 1 6 1 2 o n e hundred

to years or more before th e emigration Am erica, and inter marriages had taken place b etween them and th eir ancient

rel atives . It is n o t th en surpri sing th at their newly settled town s

af th e d o ld n o t were named ter ear hom es , in Scotland , but in Irel and ; that th e society org anized in Boston in 1 7 3 7 was called th e Ch aritable Irish Society instead of the Scotch that the s econd Masonic lodge in N ew H ampshire ’ o n was named St . Patrick s Lodge , and was instituted ’

1 8 0 n o t . St . Patrick s D ay, in th e year 7 , and on St ’ Andrew s Day ; th at the first grand m aster o f the ord er in th e state w as John Sullivan ; and that som e o f the most

eminent m en in th e land sprung from this noted stock . A s there was also consid erabl e emigration direct from Scot

to fo r land Am erica, and as a great many noted m en is f h claimed a finity , not directly wit the Scotch , but rath er “ - th e with the Scotch Irish , it must be granted th at

o f o r in sojou rn a hundred years more in Ireland , and th e

t e rm arria e s g with th e people of th at country, produc ed a

b to superior race , which should e call ed , according th e rul e 2 5

h umorously laid down by Gov . A mes of Mass achusetts , at

a banqu et of the Charitable Irish Society , The improved

o f — o f order Scotchm en , as h e styled them the m em bers the Charitabl e Society The improved ord er o f Irish

. h as m en But , to b e serious , as history been written “ about th e s o - call ed Scotch - Irish here in N ew H amp

w h o shire , an Irishm an loves the traditions and good n am e o f his n o t race has ample reason to find fault , for only is ff every allu sion to the p eople of Irel and very o en sive , but

to all emigrants from th at country this , prior to th e Revo

lu tio n o f o f , no m atter wh at branch th e race , Irish or “ an d . Scotch , are claim ed by credited to the l atter In m “ orals , blood , language and religion , they , th e Scotch

f . Irish , were di ferent from the Irish , it is said Th e int el lige n t re ader c an s e e for himself how fals e this statem ent

so is , far as th e blood and l anguage are conc ern ed and as

fo r o f th e moral s th e Iri sh peopl e , let an unprej udiced

writer decide .

Sir H enry Main e , in his H istory of Institution s , ” -“ 8 0 : Brehon Laws , pag e , says At the present mom en t Irel and i s probably that on e of all western coun tri es in whi ch th e relation o f the s exes are most n early on

N o r is t h e footing required by th e Christian theory . there a ny reason abl e doubt that thi s result h as been brough t ” abo u t in the m ain by the Rom an C atholic clergy . So m uch fo r th e moral s o f th e Irish p eopl e in 1 8 7 5 and in thi s th ey are in accord with those of their ancestors at the

o f o period written by Morri son an d C chran e , according to ” the testimony o f Lecky o n Europe an Moral s . If th e moral s of th e Scotch colonists in Irel and in 1 6 2 0 differed

o f th e from those their Irish cousin s , it would not be to

discred it of th e l atter . A sh o rt study of th e work of Maine quoted will satisfy 2 6

the writers m en tioned of the origin of the Scots , as h e con stan tly all udes to th e Celts of Ireland and of the Scottish “ a nd “ Highl and s , to th e N ewer Scotia, to th e Scots of ” “ . 8 0 Ireland On page h e says It cannot b e doubted ,

’ I think , that the primitive notion of kinship , as the cement binding communities together , survived longer among the Celts of Irel and and the Scottish Highland s than in any ” western society . Prejudic e h as fo r c enturies prevented English scholars from studying the early history of Ire

to ff of land , but , thanks th e e orts writers like Main e , thi s

n o w i s being don e . H e alludes to this prejudice when h e w rite s z— n o o f There was s et communitie s which , un t il recently, supplied u s with inform ation les s in amoun t and apparen t value con cerning the early history of l aw than those of Celtic origin . This was th e more r em arkabl e b ecause one particul ar

of e group sm all Celtic societies , which have engrossed m or — than their share o f the interest of the country the cl an s of th e Scottish H ighl ands — h ad admittedly retain ed m any of th e characteristics , and in particular the politic al char ic te ristic s , of a more an cien t condition of the world almost

u r all down to o own day . But the expl an ation is that

c o m Celtic societies were , until recen tly , seen by those petent to observe them through a p eculiarly dec eptive m edium . A thick mist of f eudal law hid the an cient constitution of Iri sh society from English ob servation .

o f Th e group Irish scholars , distinguished by a rem ark

o f al able sobriety though t , wh ich h as succeed ed a school most in famou s for the un chasten ed licen se of its specul a

h as tion s on history and philology , pointed out m any things in Irish custom which conn ected it with th e Archaic prao tices k nown to be still followed or to h ave been followed by the G ermanic races . 2 7

Of th e pietv of the Irish people of the fourteenth cen

th e fo llo w m a 1 tury , g from Maine , p ge 7, bears proof “ ‘ ’ M S Sen ac h u s One , the M or , or the great B ook of Laws ,

e h as known to be as old at l ast as the fourteenth century , written on it a touch ing note by a member of the family to

‘ whom it belonged : O n e th ou sand three hundred two and forty y ears from th e birth of Christ till th is n ight ; and th is is

e h e f h the second y ar since t coming o t e plague into Ireland . h h I have writt e n t is in t e twenti e th year o f my age . I am

h M e E an h e e h im Hug , son of Conor g , and w oev r r ads it let f f h h o fer a pray er o m ercy for my soul . T is is C ristmas h h nig t , and on this nig t I place myself under the protection

th e of King of H eaven and Earth , beseechin g that he will h ’ h bring me and my friends safe throug the plague . Hug ’ wrote this in his own fath er s book in the year of the great h “ H . 2 e v plague Again , on page 3 7 , speaks of I ona or as

h th e the religious ouse founded by St . Columba near coast ‘ ’ th e of newer Scota .

Th e a o f - h th e f ilings the Scotch Iris , in way of a love f th e of whiske y , estivities at weddings , observance of wakes ,

an th e s hillala h and occasional bout with g , are charged to h e h h e t ir Iris neighbors , from whom they contracted t se bad

Th e h e f habits . love for t e ard nt is still a Scotch ailing ; its “ ” prais e s have be en sung by B obbie B urns and Sir Walter “ ” o f e Scott , both whom dearly lov d the M ountain D ew , and th e r e frain h as been ch anted in our o w n day by no l e ss a person than Profe ssor Blackie ; but in vi ew of th e fact that h “ h — h all in t ose times took t eir tod Cat olic , Puritan , or

e e — h Pr sbyt rian whiskey , New En gland rum , or ard cider , — according to th e ir likin g it would be a waste of time to eu deav o r f e h ih to re ute such charges , especially wh n istory

u s h e h forms t at neith r church , school ouse , nor barn , in New h Hamps ire . could be raised or dedicated without a liberal

e supply of New England rum . Instead of casting refl ctions , 2 8 one ought to be thankful th at such things would be simply

day h th e th e imp ossible in our own , and t at fault was not of

o f th e e h people , but tim s in whic they lived .

e h This f ar on the part of so many , who pride t emselves

th e H . on their descent from settlers of Londonderry , N . , of

h th e in being c o nfounded wit modern Irish , can easily be fe e Th e h rr d . heavy migration of the latter day Iris , mainly ‘ h of the Catholic fait , and principally from the south , east ,

h e 1 h t e 8 0 . and west of Ireland , began about y ar 4 T ey were

as h poor , ignorant of letters a rule , and t eir manners , cus “ ” an d h h toms speech strange to t ose to t e manner born . h h Thousands came ere wit out mothers , wives , or sisters ,

e and with no chance to practice their religion , or , at l ast , to

e have an opportunity to have its t nets expounded . For h their lack of education t ey were not responsible , nor for — their poverty th e former th ey were deprived of for 1 50 years bv l e gal enactment ; the latter was th e natural effect of the laws und e r which the settlers of Londonde rry could h h 1 2 1 e . not live , and from w ich t ey fled years b fore But these mod e rn Celts brought with them what the country n e — e ded , strong , muscular bodies , clear heads , willing

w h hands to ork , clean hearts , and onest purposes ; and

the fi n allv h e when hour arrived , and t eir wives and childr n

h aro u n d th em h fi reside s were gat ered , new omes and new “ ” u e th e f th e were fo nd d , Soggarth aroon ollowed , and

h th e modest l ittle c apel arose , crowned with sacred symbol — — of Calvary the cross to be followed by th e many beauti fu l h h e c urc es and stat ly cathedrals . tributes to their piety ,

- s rifi e devotion and self ac c . And wh en the world had se en the tireless labor be

th e th e stowed by these Irish on railroads , on the canals , on

e e u n flin c h wharv s , and in the mines , their st rn loyalty and in - fi e lds th e th e g bravery on the battle of War for Union ,

th e th e — and steady advance in all walks of life , commercial 2 9

th e th e h and mercantile , army and navy , the law and c urch , th e e of those of first gen ration following , their bitterest enemies were compelled to acknowledge th at th e y were true

th e h e kin of people whose piety , vigor and learning astonis d

e h th e h Europ from the sixt to tent centuries , and gallant kindred of the hero-es who made the Irish brigade of France a terror to its en e mies and a glory to th e race from which it sprang . It was then but natural th at th e descendants of those whom tyranny had driven from Ireland early in th e e igh te en th e e re u c ntury , educat d by their surroundings , and p j h h h diced against them throug their teac ings , s ould regard th e n ew h e comers with aversion , and dread to own t m as th kindred . But e advanc e made by those emigrants and h e h o w n o f th e e t ir c ildren in our day , and a knowledge arly

o f e history the race , will remove this prej udice , and in tim rake them as proud of th eir origin as those who have

th e — th e sprung direct from the cradle of Scots Ireland , h original Scotland of istory . It is th e supposition o f many writers that all the old h are an d . Iris Catholic , the later stock Protestant While h th e are t is may be true in main , there , nevertheless , good

e sized minoriti s of the former Protestant , and of the latter

o f Catholic , as their names indicate . The founders Method

h e ism in America came here direct from Ireland , and w il

h E h e o f a P ilip mbury may ave b en German origin , mong th e e h h pion ers the names of John Finnegan , Josep M itc el ,

R e e Henry yan , and P t r M oriarty , which appear on the ’ “ Stev en s s th e pag e s of Rev . Dr . Abel M emorials of Intro ” h th e e th e duction of M et odism in Eastern Stat s , about

e 1 0 h e p riod of 79 , are fully as Iris in appearance as the nam s h of Chaplain M c Cabe or D r . Jo n Lanahan of the M ethodist h Church South in our own day . A study of modern Iris e history would v erify this stat e m e nt . The lin al descendant 3 0

th e h of Brian B oru , ero of Clontarf , is an Episcopalian , ’ O Brien I n chi u in , Earl of q ; and a direct shoot of Dermot

M ac M u rro u h h g , of infamous memory , is one of the staunc

h h re - est supporters of th e same c urc . B oth a as anti Irish h h as the most belligerent Englis man , while , on the ot er h o f th e and , some purest patriots and most devout Irish h h Cat olics we re of Englis or German stock .

th e e e h an d O f anci nt art and l arning of Ireland , Englis h h e . Scotc b ar witness Pinkerton , a noted Scottis writer ,

w h o h as alre adv e e th e . been quot d , sp aks of Life of St “ Co lu m bkille as being the most complete piece of ancient h ” biograp y that all Europe can boast of . It was written by

Adam n n u h . a s w o 0 . e St . Abbot of I ona , died in 7 3 Lik

h o f th e Columba , he was an Iris man , and a successor saint h ’ as Abbot of Hy . T is opinion of Pinkerton s is endorsed ’ “ ”

M c Ph erso n s e . by David Annals of Commerc , Edin ,

1 h e e f th e 8 0 5. T is g ntl man made copious extracts rom

Adam nan u s h h h works of , all of w ic s ow a high state of

h th e h h I ris civilization as early as fift and sixt centuries , facts which will stagger th e belief of our modern defamers .

Ad m n nu s M c Ph erso n e h th e a a . From , M r prov s t at to th e arts , conducive not only to the conveniences but

e e e e luxury of life , w r known and practis d to an exc ss in

th e h h h I reland in fourt , fift , and sixth centuries ; t at the luxury of riding in ch ariots was co mmon ; that th e bodies

w e e of the dead , at least those of eminent rank , ere nvelop d h h e in fine linen ; that t ou g ale was a common beverage , win was also us ed ; that in ch urches bells were used ; th at th ey h ad long vessels in which they performed extended voyages of fourt e en da y s into th e N orthern ocean ; th at th ey had in s tru m en ts e and trinkets of gold , belonging to ages antec dent t o h th e authentic istory . As civilized countries do not carry precious m e tal into countri es in an inferior state o f civiliza

M c Ph e rso n e . tion , it s ems more probable , says Mr , that the

3 2

the . powerful parts of empire with reciprocal advantage . Its

e d h e ext nt , compare wit Britain , is narrower , but xceeds h au h h t at of v islands in our sea . The genius and abits of t e

th e f -er h p eople , and soil and climate , do not di f muc from

e thope of Britain . Its channels and ports are b tter known n to commerce and merchants . Agricola gave his protectio

e w h o h ad to one of its p tty kings , been expelled by faction , and with a sh ow of fri endsh ip r etained him for his own pur h h im h poses . I ave often heard say t at Ireland could be conqu e r e d and taken with one legion and a small re serve ; and such a measure would have its advantages as regards

e e Britain . if Roman power were extend d on very side , and ” r h liberty taken away as it we e from t e latter island . Th e island was never conquered or ev en e xplored by

he e h t . e t e Romans Sir John Davies remark d , r garding “ h ad e boast of Agricola , that if he att mpted the conquest

h h e t ereof wit a larg r army , he would have found himself ” ‘ illiam f h h as d e ceived in his conj ecture . And vV o Newburg “ also remarked that th ough th e Romans h arassed th e

o e h e B rit ns for thr e centuries after t is event . Ireland nev r

Th e h was invaded by them . Scots and P icts gave t eir l e gions quite su fficient occupation defe nding the ramparts

o f e h Adrian and Antoninus , to det r t em from attempting h h h h h to obtain more , w en t ey could hardly old w at t ey alr ead y p o ss e s s e t Of th e truth of th e quotations from the writers men

tio n ed e h h h , mod rn t oug t and researc are bearing proof ;

an d th e h as h tim e arrived , t anks to writers and philologists

i u h e l ke Max M ller , w en statem nts referring to the ancient c ivilization of Ireland will not be received with a look of

contemptuous doubt , or a sneer of scornful incredulity

O f e h e anci nt Iris art , a writ r in Chambers says , O f

i e o f c h e art cl s metal , stone , lay , and ot r materials in use

n n h h as e amo g the a cient Iris , a large collection b en formed n o 0 0

th e h in M useum of the Royal I ris Academy in D ublin . It is rem arkable t h at a gr e ater number and variety of antique golden articles of remote age h ave been found in Ireland h o f‘ n o rth ern th e t an in any other part Europe , and ma j o rity of the gold antiquities illustrative of British history ” n o w th e B h preserved in ritis M useum are I rish .

th e Lle elle n . w Speaking on same subj ect , Prof Jewitt , A ’ F . S . . , in the Art Journal , Appleton s reprint , remarks , “ Th e as — Irish , we all know , were in ancient times as man y of the gifted sons and daught e rs of th at gifted land are at th e pres ent day r e markabl e for th e beauty and intricacy

h fo r e of t eir designs , and the marv llous delicacy , precision ,

w h w h e h e and finish in their orkmans ip , t r in metal , stone ,

ea or vellum . Their rly designs present remarkable and h striking peculiarities , and ex ibit a greater inventive power , h h a stricter adhesion to sound principles of art , t an t ose of Th h h an y e e . e other cont mporan ous people style , w ic can ‘ ’ th e only be called Irish style , is national to that countr y , and was pursued for m an v c e nturi e s with th e same spirited

h e th e of an d c aract ristics , and same amount elaboration

a fi bu le intricacy . The c rved stone crosses , the metal , h s rines , bells , cases , croziers , illuminated manuscripts , and n o f e th e i de e d every species ornam ntal work , evince same skill in design and th e same g e neral adhesion to one fixed

h w h principle , and s ow that atever the material worked

th e u se h h upon , or whatever size or of the obj ect upon w ic h th e h t at work was expended , mind of the Iris artist was ” guid e d by the same fe e ling and th e same fix ed idea . In the illustrated catalogue of th e Arch aeological M u ’

e 1 8 6 . s um at Edinburgh , 5 , is a description of St Patrick s “ e h h e bell : It is six inch s ig , five inch s broad , and four

h ee e h en inc es d p , and is k pt in a case or s rine of brass , ” rich ed with gems and with gold filigree . e O f th e obj ects of antique art in gold , brooch s especial 3 4

ly I relan d th e o , found in , writer says , Many are w nderfully f h beauti ul in workmans ip , and still more so in design . an d it is doubtful if antiquity h as left us anyth ing mor e perfect in th e w ay of personal o rnament th an th e so - call e d Hu n t e r

h in 1 8 0 th e h o f stone brooc . It was found 3 in paris Kil

h i h i t as . bride , A yrs ire ; a leg ble inscription in Gaelic

‘ One of th e first specimens of cinerary urns fou n d in th B ritish I sles w as discovered in a small stone ch amber in

B w n th e agenalsto n , Cou ty Carlow , Ireland . and is now in h h h M useum of t e Royal Iris A cadem y in D ublin . Of t is h h h t branc of early Iris art Prof . Jewitt treats ex aus ively , and

r w h y f f r e illu st ates it man engravings . Of urns ound in di fe nt “ o f h e — I r h s ay h parts Ireland savs . is not too muc to t at h h in an equal degree wit metal work , wit illuminations , h th and wit interlaced designs in sculpture e decorations .

e e t h e th e me nav . v n general forms . of earl y tile productions

th e h h of Iris people are in advance of t ose of coeval nations ,

“ ’ ” and exh ibit more flo w and general taste th an th ey do .

l h e h h . t C arles G Le and . director of industrial art sc ools ’ h n L o n m an s H a of P h iladelp ia . in a interesting article in g g ‘ N 1 886 h azine for ovember . , on ancient Iris art , says , It is possible that th e mere suggestion of industrial art findin g an opening for th e unemployed in I reland will bring a smile

m an v w h o h e i w h o to s ould give it serious consid rat on , and possibly anticipate som eth ing funny to say at Irish ex

‘

th e I rish m an h as fo r . w as pense . And vet capacity art It h t h e a clever race in pre istoric times , and no one can say

h ad w h o stream w as ev e r less broad th an it is now . It men

h w h o h were almost S akespeares , and were quite as muc as if B h ad w . opps and Grimms . before we riting Now I can prove th at th ere ever was a time wh en th e Irish were p re e m in e n tlv - e an art loving and artistic peopl , I shall beg leave h e h u fro m th e n e . to assume , t at . arg ing stro g st analo gy t y

few y h t . m ay again b e come so . It is onl y within a ears t a 3 5 one could venture such a stat e ment : until very r e cently th e w h to e orld was not , well enoug educated und rstand it . We are only j ust coming into an age wh e n decoration is deemed to T be an art at all . o the connoisseur dilittan te o f the

e e n last generation , nurtur d in the r naissa ce and in statu e ‘ ’ th e u B h h life , wondro s ook of Kells , t at triump of a pure ,

e e e illuminat d manuscript , se med an ecc ntric barbarism and

e an industrious idlen ss . “ h h w h w h And I ave yet to ear or read any ere , at I earn e stlv e h th e s o - e o r beli ve , t at called lat r Celtic , purely

e e e h th e Irish , d coration is , tak it altog t er , most elegant and

e e h h h h e ing nious st y le of d coration w ic t e world as ev r seen . Wh h ad en Roman art died , and was not yet fully revived in th e R h e o f oman esque , t er sprang up in an obscure part

e h h Europ that w ic eventually gave tone to , and determined

h an y e th e e t th e more t an caus whatever , d cora ive art of m id l Wh th e d e . age en I say decorative art of this period ,

w h h I say , in a ord , all its art , for t ere never was a p ase of th e th e art more decorative . It compared to classic or

e e e e Gr k , as a for st of one kind of tr e , bound with a million

e h vines and color d with millions of flowers , compares wit N o f e . o w a group f rns , or of a single grove of palms the soul o f all this fanciful tracery and wild ornament was de h rived from th e illuminations of th e manuscripts . T is art prec eded th e wonderfull y florid arch itecture in wh ich it

- h e en r e h . e app ear d , and t is art was Iris It was pur ly and

th e e h e tirely Irish . In dark st day of the dark ages , t re was e a bright fire of intellect in I reland . It att sted itself , not

h e onl y in t purest piety , in theology and poetry , in legend ’

. , and lay , but in a new art From this fire went bright sparks wh ich kindled fresh er fir e s all over Europe . Irish monks carried to th e court of Ch arlemagne the an d h n e w style of illuminating manuscripts , combined it wit h m an es u e w h ic h . h eav y Ro q . was vet almost Roman From t is 3 6

union sprang the new art , but all that was most original and remarkable in it was Irish . Those who would verify what ‘ l I have said , for examples of it may consult the Pa ae o g ’ th e e raphia of Westwood , who was one of first , I believ , to make known the wonderful influence which Ireland ex erted . h in art Architecture , also , flouris ed in I reland , at this time , to a degree which is even known now to but few .

I hazard the statement , which will , I believe , yet be veri

fi ed o f h , that before the advent Norman arc itecture there were more an d better stone edifices than were erected by the Saxons . “ th e e To the impartial student of decorative art , lat r

- Celtic metal work is almost miraculous . Its two great

f th e e di ferences from contemporary ornam nt of Europe , h h or what came later , lie in this . Gothic art , wit all its ric n ess and variety , was given to repetition . Later Celtic is simply of incredible variety : e very design in it indicates

e d that its artists nev r repeated themselves . They combine h h h intricacy with elegance to a degree w ic astonis es us . Wh atever opinion th e world may have as to th e esth etic

h : w h o value of Iris art , one thing is true the men made it had the m inds wh ich could h ave mastered anyth ing in th e

e fo r h h d corative art , t ey were nothing if t ey were not orig

h e e . inal , and t eir art was manifestly univ rsal or g neral It

th e e . was produced by common artisans . It was of p ople It was most evidently not produced under th e greatest ad do n o t o f . vantages wealth and luxury or patronage I , and

h th e h cannot believe , t at , the blood being same with t at of th e men who a th ousand years ago taught decorative art to

th e h th e h h e all Europe , Iris of present day cannot do w at t y ” did of old . h far In all the quotations made t us , not one has been

h Th e h as taken from Iris writers . day not yet arrived w h en Irish authority can be offered with the full assuranc e 3 7

. th e that it would be accepted Prej udice and ignorance , as

l th e en f last writer al udes to , still control p and the voice o b many who would , were it otherwise , e the loudest in de fence of the Niobe of nations ; but it will come in its own

, e h h good time M anwhile , with suc a record before t em , “ ” - — can th e modern Scotch Irish American be ashamed o f such an anc e stry p

. th e e Hon William Parsons , celebrated l ectur r , a rela

th e e e tive of illustrious Lawr nce Parsons , Earl of Ross , an

h h is t e Iris Protestant , and a lover of country , in an article c en tl h th e h y publis ed , voices the sentiment of true I ris man ,

h s e th e w en , p aking of the battle of Clontarf , where power

th e e of Northmen was forever brok n in Ireland , says , Y et th is w as once th e arena of a bloody battle which de

e th e Th e cid d fate of a kingdom . struggle took place at h h h t is spot , w ere an Iris prince met and repelled the D anish n — i vaders the terror of Europe and of imperial Rome itself . H e re the gall eys of th e Nors e men anch or e d ; h ere stands t h e old castle built by th e Crusad e rs ; here th e well where t h e h is h — victor slacked thirst , and whic to day bears his h a . Bu t t e n m e dust of antiquity , like that of Egypt , has fall en h e av ily upon a spot rich in historical associations . If th e t e h s rang r inquires of an in abitant for any particulars ,

‘ e — th e the r ply is a crude one , Y es , here took place battle ’ h th e . of Clontarf, Salamis of Ireland That is all t at is

n fo r . know . this anomalou s island has no history All records of historic fame lie in musty archiv e s of the state . All d h th e dee s of enterprise and c ivalry , to remind posterity of

o w e an d o f th eir h pr ss glory . forefat ers , are forbidden and put down by an act of parliam e nt : not an Irish history pe r ‘ h m itted in an Irish national school . T at man is little to be e nvied whose patriotism would not gain force upon th e

w h plains of Marathon , or ose piety would not grow warmer ’ th e th e amid ruin s of I ona , are words of Doctor Johnson , 3 8

h are u speaking of the value of istory , and good ill strations

h h Th e of istoric Grecian valor and ancient Iris Christianity . Greeks at Marathon were more successful in cont e nding

f th e e f with their oes . the Persians , than unarmed , p ace ul h b monks of Iona , w ose lives and works were destroyed V th e h e accursed , muc vaunted Vikings , the scourge of r ligion

an d . morality D octor j ohnson , writing on a proposal to compile a national history of I reland in his day , said , ‘ n Such a design should be prosecuted . I reland is less know h t an any other country as to its ancient state . I have long

h h a th e h wis ed t t Iris literature were cultivated . Ireland is known by tradition to have be en th e seat of piety and l e arn

y w h o ing , and surely it would be ver acceptable to all those

th e f are curious , either in origin of nations or the a finities

f th e e s o f of language , to be urther informed of r solution a ’ e p ople s o ancient and once so illustrious . “ In the articl e on th e Welsh Lan guage and Litera ” e h re o s ture , in it is stat d t at p p tero u s as the views of most patriotic VVelshm en are on this — — subj ect an tiqu itv of their language it is undoubtedly true th at the Welsh is one of the oldest living languag e s in Eu to re rope , and that it possesses a literature reaching back ” moter times than that of an y modern tongue except I rish . “ ” Willibro d From a sketch of the Life of St . , in the same f work , it can be ound that this saint , apostle of the Frisians , h o f and first bishop of Utrec t , was born in the kingdom Northumbria in 658 ; educated in the monastery of Ripon ;

n f r e th e o f a d o final instruction was s nt , like most of m onks ”

h he . t at age , to Ireland , where remained thirteen years

h . . C ambers (vol i , p speaking of the Isles of Ar - “ —“ th e ran , near entrance of Galway bay , says , Anciently

these islands formed an important ecclesiastical seat . Con

taining at one time twenty churches and monasteries , I rish

! The edition of Chambers quoted throughout this work is that of London and Edin 1 868 burgh , .

4 0

h h . n e h Scotland Amo g t os wit w om he studied were St .

i n h . . Ca n e c . 6 Congall , St Ciaran , and St In 54 he founded ’ e n i hi . So c o s c u o u s s D rry p was devotion , that he received ‘ ’ th e — name of St . Colum cille , or Columba of the Church .

6 h is — e th e In 5 3 , in forty second year , he found d celebrated school of I ona , on the west coast of Scotland ,

w h e e f from nce w nt orth missionaries to the Picts , th e e th e an d Scots of Cal donia , Saxons of B ritain , to th the pagans of northern Europe . He died at e age of

- h h y ee 8t t . sevent seven , betw n the and 9 of j une , 597 The ‘ e o f Bu t h Venerable B de said him , w atever sort of person h e h him h h e was himself , t is we know of for certain , t at left

e aft r him successors eminent for their strict continence , ’ n d b divine love a exact discipline . His life was written v

n h i e d m n n h o e s . A a a 6 t e of succ ssors . St , 79, and contains most accurate description of th e h abits and customs of th e ” h i n Scots of t ose times of any work existence . “

th e. St . Columba, one of most learned and eloquent of th e m an v missionaries whom Ireland s ent forth to the con tin e nt n th e duri g Dark Ages , was born in Leinster about th e ear th e e o f y 54 5; studied in great monast ry B angor , in

e : e his —fi fth w h Ulst r w nt to France in fort y year , it twelve

An n e ra companions , and founded the monasteries of g y, ’ L u e ’iil th e pi , and Fontaine . For rebuking vices of the B ur 4 n n i h e gu d an court e was expelled from France . H e w nt to 6 1 2 Lombard y , and founded , in , the famous monastery of

h h h e e 1 i n t e 6 . Bobbio , Apennines , w ere died in Nov mber , 5 h f His life , written wit in a century a ter his death by Jonas , h o n e o f h is e as e e e . succ ssors , b n r peatedly printed The ’ m ost complete edition of h is works is in Flemin g s Collect an e h 1 66 h a Sacra . publis ed in Louvain in 7 , and now of suc 1 rarity that a cop y s ells for about $ 7 5. He was spoken of in the high est terms by such an a authority as Guizot . The town of San Columb no , in Lom 4 1

a f th e bardy , takes its n me rom Irish monk , as the town and

l ll St . Ga canton of , in Switzerland , perpetuate the name of hi e h Co th e most favored of s discipl s . From t is name of

th e lum , Colm , Columba , comes modern name of M ac

M ac Callu m M c Cu llu m ~ m o re th e Cullum , , , still common in High lands ; and it would not be at all surprising if the an “ c esto rs th e h of great admiral , C ristopher Columbus , took th eir surname Columbo from th e town named for the Irish saint eight hundred and eighty years before the discover y

h e th e e of America , and t us perp tuate memory of the d vout s ervant of God in the now glorious name of Columbia .

' th e e Allegri , celebrated Italian paint r , as was the custom , h h e took for his surname , w en acquired fame , the cognomen o f Co rregio from th e town in wh ich h e was born ; and is

h e n o t now known to art by that name only . It is t er fore at all improbable that the family of the great discoverer ac

e th e quired th ir name in same manner , and the memor y of the saint and th e great republic are honored alike in th e

n poetical ame of Columbia . h . 600 ad An abbey , founded by St Finbar in Cork in ,

v e . . se n hundred scholars (vol 3 , p

e Of St . Gall mention d , Chambers says that he was a

his disciple of St . Columba ; founded the abbey bearing th e th e name , in seventh centur y , in Switzerland ; on e of d h f th e istinguished band who , in t at age , rom various mon aste ries an d th e e h of Ireland kindred stablis ments of I ona , carried the elem ents o f learning an d civilization over a large part of the continent of Europe . H e acquired such fame for y by h is an d sanctit teachin g example , that on his death there arose , in honor of his memory , what in progress of time became o n e of th e mo st cel e brated of the many mag n ifi c n t e establishments of the B enedictine order . The suc e cession of abbots from the days of St . Gall is car fully chron icle d , and the share which each of them had in the erection and enlargement of the monastic buildings . 4 2

b Through their piety and zeal , the A bey of St . Gall became one of the mast e rpieces of mediaeval archit e cture ; an d and the genius skill , which were lavished in its con

its struction and on the decoration of halls and cloisters , had

h o f a large s are in developing the Christian art the period .

t ‘ all h S . G to o t e The monks of , , may be reckoned among

e Th e b est friends and pres rvers of ancient literature . v were indefatigable in the collection and transcription o f manu scripts , B iblical , patristic , sacred , and profane history

r o f classical , liturgical , and legenda y . Some the manu

h th e scripts , which are still s own in library , are monuments of th e skill and industry of the copyists ; and several of the

— I talic u s classics , Quintilian , Silius , and Ammianus Mar c ellin u s — , have been preserved solely through the manu ” o f scripts St . Gall . —h e e . t e Kind r ader , pause her , and reflect This class

-m o u in monks y have been asked to believe were immoral , e e th e h th e dol nt , and s nsual ; and race , from w ence sprung

o f founder this illustrious institution , to be incorrigibly h h ignorant , thriftless , and improvident . T ink , then , on w at h they ave done for you and for mankind , and remember

h h th e t at to t em and to professors of religion , the world e th e over , whether Catholic or Prot stant , entire credit is

fo r th e due the establishment of great centres of learnin g ,

O x in Rome , Bangor , Cashel , Derry , Armagh , St . Gall , f e H eidelb li r ord , Cambridg , Pavia , Bobbio , Luxeuil , t g, D ub lin h e , Paris , Glasgow , Harvard , Yale , Dartmout , Princ ton ,

R o ss eau s etc . The Voltaires , Paines , , and men of that ilk , have left n othing behind them but their infamous memori e s and their blasphemous writings ; but as long as time rolls “ th e on , pious and lasting works of the monks of the Island ” i - sac rifi c e of Saints will be eternal memorials of the r self ,

e e b n lov , pati nt la ors , and undyi g faith in the gospel taught h by their Lord and Master , Jesus C rist . 4 3

For th ose who love to read of th e labors performed by the men who turned th eir b acks on their homes for ever in

e th e h th e e ord r to follow in footsteps of t eir Redeemer , pag s

an dr of encyclopaedia will be y and uninteresting , but in ’ “ ” M o n te lam be rt s M onks of th e “fest a feast awaits all w h o

h h e th e can t row bias aside , and study for t emselv s story of the conversion of their ancestors to th e Ch ristian

h by e a e h fait , the unc sing labors and f rvent fait of the dis c i le s B l kill Co u m b e . p of Saints Patrick , ridget , and ’ h h . d In the yard of St Paul s Episcopal c urc , on B roa w ay V f , New York , and in plain iew rom the sidewalk , are

e e thr e monuments , the most conspicuous in the cemet ry ,

e w h o erected in memory of three men , Irish and Prot stant , w N ew h th e ould , if buried in Hamps ire , be found on roll “ ” h - e w h o of illustrious Scotc Irishm n , but were in life proud b to e known as Irishmen , simply . One of them came here

e th e f th e b fore Revolution , a young man , an o ficer in Eng h “ F ” lis army ; served in the old rench war , resigned at its

e th e close , settl d in New Y ork state , was one of first to

th e h draw his sword for establis ment of the Republic , one of th e th e first four brigadiers appointed by congress , and

first of the four to die for his adopted country . The second was a broth e r of one whose dying speech

e l - h has b en dec aimed in every school ouse in the land , and who barely escaped the gallows for complicity in the strug gle fo r which his brother w as hung . H e was kept in

e h is prison for y ars , and was finally given freedom on condi tion of leaving the confines of Britain . H e came to New Y adv o ork , and , after a long and brilliant practice as an

a . c te , died as chancellor of the state H is death took place

w , suddenl y hile in the midst of a plea , and a brass tablet

th e . erect e d by the New York bar , marks place of his death

h fo r f th e h ad The t ird , an o fence similar to that of second , — t o leave Ireland , and in the practice of his profession that 44 — of medicin e acquired fame and renown equal to his fellow c o u n trv m en an d th e h ; stranger , passing by on t e busiest th e thoroughfare in world , involuntarily pauses and pay s th e tribute to memories of General Richard gomery ,

. h e in ri Thomas Addis Emmet , and Dr Macnevin . s c p tions o n th e monuments tell th e story of their de eds as well as their love of country .

h as 1 6 1 th e In New Hamps ire , early as 3 , according to e military record , the first r presentative of the Emerald I sle “ a makes nis ppearance in the person of Darby Field , an ” h e h I ris soldi r , and one of the first to explore the W ite f Mountains . A ter him in th e Colonial military rolls are

h f th e distinctive Iris names , long be ore settlement of Lon do n derr H . . t e y, N , keeping up h connection until the emi ratio n 1 1 g of 7 9.

. 1 1 6 1 1 660 In vol , Provincial Papers , 4 to , are found h - h suc names as D uggan , D ermott , Gibbon , Vaug an , N eal ,

th e e Patrick (minus Kil or Fitz) , B uckley , Kane , K lly ,

e M ac M u r h y M c Ph aedris e Brian , H ale y , Connor , p , , Malon ,

hy M c Clar M c M u llen M urp , Corbett , y, , Martin , Pendergast ,

K eill M c o w n M inn i G a c G s . y, , , Sullivan , and Toole In a company command e d by Captain Gilman in 1 7 1 0 are e th e n e nrolled ames of Jerry Connor , Daniel L ary , John h L Driscoll , Cornelius Leary , T omas eary , Alexander M c h 1 2 Gowan , Timot y Connor , and Cornelius Driscoll . In 7 4 th e h M c Go w an names of Hug Connor , John , John Carty ,

e . Patrick Gr ing , M oses Connor , and John Leary appear To o n e accustomed to th e given n ames o f the Irish f e e . p ople , many of the foregoing will sound tol rably amiliar

e n e In the r gime t commanded by Colon l M oore , at the tak h 1 ing of Louisburg , Cape Breton , in 74 5, are th e following

e : h M c M ah o n names enroll d Ric ard Fitzgerald , Roger , h h h Jo n Wels , Thomas Leary , Daniel Kelly , Daniel Wels ,

e M c N e il Patrick Gault , Andr w Logan , James , John Logan , 4 5

M c Ne il -es M c Lo u h Thomas Haley , John Foy , John , Jam g

M c L en eeh an h lan , James , Nicholas Grace , Ric ard Kenny ,

L e . i ut . Richard M alone , Lieut Samuel Connor , John Mc

M c Lo u hlan e M urphy , John g , Steph n Flood , H enry M a

n n f M c o an e o o . G w lon , J . Moore , J Gri fin , Jos . , Paul Healey ,

M l r . c C a James M oore , Wm Kelly , Andrew y, Thomas M c

L au hlan M c Clar e M c Lau h g , John y, David Welch , D nnis g

Tim o h ella a t . S w lan , v Farley , James Moloney , William O y, ’ ll ll O Se aw a . Se aw a J erry Carty , and John y How y came ’ by the O is a puzzle to many , but it is there , and comes ’ ’ f lli n il n O Su v a O Su aw o . rom the Gaelic pronunciation of , In the war beginning at Crown Point and ending with 1 6 1 60 the invasion of Canada , 75 to 7 , are enrolled the names ’ o f h M c D u ff O Neal Capt . Jo n M oore , Samuel y, James

l r M c C a . Alexander y, John M itchel , John Logan , Sergt

J ohn Carty , Daniel Carty , Samuel Connor , John Flood ,

M c C o rm ic k Edward Logan , Robert , Jonathan M alone ,

Strafo n Patrick , James Kelly , John Kelly , Darby Kelly , M h n M c a o . . Capt . James Neal , John , Lieut Col John H art

M c Sw e en Q uartermaster Bryan y, Daniel Murphy , Daniel

e M c M ah o n M oore , Jam s M oloney , John Ryan , James ,

John M oloney , John Cunningham , B enj amin M ooney , Wil

M c M aster liam , William Ryan , D aniel Kelly , John M alone ,

M c Go w an John , Darby Sullivan , George M adden , Edward e M c Lau hlan Welch , James M olloy , Jeremiah Carty , Jam s g ,

M c Lau h lan h e John g , Jeremiah Connor , Jonat an Conn r ,

M c arrill . n John C , Capt H ercules M ooney , Patrick Tobi ,

M c D u ff e . y M icha l Johnson , Lieut John , Ensign James M c f e D u fy , William K lly , Patrick Clark , Patrick D onnell , Rob

e r c K eo n h , t M , John D riscoll , Daniel Driscoll , Jo n Rowan

M c Clenn an Eben ez ar Dennis Sullivan , John , M aloon , Dan

iel M c D u ff , y, John Kenny , John Connolly , John B orland

e y e H alev , Michael Davis , Jam s Kell , Jos ph M oylan , John

e M c Co n n ell , Th omas K nnedy , Stephen , Thomas Laney 4 6

‘ Nilliam a M c Co nn ehie M c M u r h Clary , S muel , James p y, e B e R Jam s rod rick , Robert ankin , James Connor , Samuel M c Go w an h , T omas Welch , Clement Grady , Patrick Ma

h d h e roney , Jo n Low , Daniel D riscoll , Jo n N il , Philip Kelly , e M . c M illan h Dani l Sullivan , Levi Connor , Lieut , Jo n Con

h K e h ner , Step en enny, Samuel Kenny , James Leary , Jos p M . c Gee M oloney , Peter Driscoll , John Ennis , Capt James ,

h M c Carth h 2 d M ic ael Moran Joseph y, Daniel Murp y , , h Valentine Sullivan , Peter Flood , Jo n M ooney , Andrew

M c Grad h h M n c o w a . y, Maj or Nat an H ealey , and Jo n G Many of th ese had fought nine years before at th e cap

' th e Vv ar ture of L ouisburgh , and lived to take part in of

e y . an Indep ndence , fifteen ears later How any writer c ,

h h h w h o s et after looking over a list like t is , claim t at t ose tle d N e w h th e in Hamps ire before Revolution , and who

h th e were called Iris , were simply descendants of English

h w h o h ad h ad or Scotc settled in Ireland , and from thence h emigrated to A merica , is ard to understand . The names h h h a printed ere , bot proper and given , are as Iris in p p earan c e as th ose printed on th e muster rolls of the Irish

th e h h h h h N ew companies in T ird , Fourt , Eig t , and Tent

h o f th e Hamps ire regiments volunteers in Civil War , as b can plainly e seen on comparingthem .

< Th e n th e Stark s M c K e an s M c Gre o rs ames of fi , g , M or

M c L ean s h e N e s m h t s . risons , , Coc ran s , y , etc , more common to h h Scotland , are not written wit t ose mentioned , but on th e h e w h o rolls t y are printed side by side , as in life those bore th em touch ed e lbows and march ed and fought in all

th e h e of skirmis es , battles , and engagements , nding onl y at

e th e h R e Y orktown , and r sulting in establis ment of the

! is as as s The name , Starke , found in Ireland far back the ixteenth century and at later

s . s s . w as s s period The form , Stark , al o appear The latter borne by Palatine who ettled 0 s s s in Ireland in 1 7 9 or s oon after . The e Palatines were German Prote tant of the Pala tin ate . s 1 0 s s In the year j u t mentioned , 7 9, even thou and of them were expelled by the

s ! I V . s s French , under Loui Many of the exile came to America , ome located in s s s k England , and other ettled in Ireland in the countie of Carlow , Limeric , Tipperary , K is s k s z erry , etc . Reference to them made in everal wor , including Fit gerald and ’ la n d M ac Gre gor s H is to ry of I r e .

4 8

B ut it is not alone in N ew Hampshire that men of this h blood wer e found in t ose days . They were all over the h n h t irteen colonies , meeti g the same obstacles throug race

th e en ' or religious prej udice , but overcoming them in d. O utside of th e colonies they filled h igh positions in Florida ’ ’ O D o n o u the O R e ill and Louisiana . j in latter , and y

th e in former , have their memories preserved in

th e a as rchives royal governors of the two pro vinces , and n o colonial ruler was held in h igh e r esteem th an the Irish h l Cat o ic D ongan , governor of New York , under the ill

h e fat e d Jam e s . From the same colony during t Revolution w ent forth Generals Rich ard M ontgomery and James Clin

— h h h e h h to n t . one of Iris birt , ot er of Iris parentage ’ th e O Brien h In Maine , five brot ers , sons of Maurice ’ O Brien fr , om Cork , immortalized themselves by making th e first capture on s ea after the commencement of h o stili th e ties , and rendered solid service to the country for

seven years following . Their descendants are still noted “ - e - m en , ship build rs and ship owners in the Pine Tree ’ h e th e e State , and av kept O to the name for ov r a hundred

h e h years . w n ot ers were prone to drop it . A repr e sentative of another of th e noted old Irish fam — — ’ ilies Ka v anagh was one of Main e s governors ; and a — son of Governor Jam e s Sullivan of M assachusetts the — an d H on . William Sullivan was one of the founders orig

n e o f M e th e i al propri tors Limerick , , named in memory of hi h e s a . birthplace of grandf t r , in the south of I reland

e o f Charl s Carroll of Carrollton , the last survivor those who

f e e e th e h a fix d th ir nam s to immortal D eclaration , B is op

h an d Jo n Carroll , Daniel Carroll were good scions of the “ th e c o lo n v o f th e th e race in Maryland , home of Maryland ” o f th e e Line , on whose rolls were many w ll known old ’ ’ ’ o f O R e ill M ac M ah o n O N eill O Brien M ilesian names y, , , , e tc . Thomas Lynch and Edward Rutledge of South Caro 49

, h M c K ean lina George Read and T omas of D elaware , o f Matthew Thornton New Hampshire , Thomas Nelson of

e Virginia , George Taylor of P nnsylvania , and James Smith were natives of Ireland or of Irish origin .

e th e One of the first hero s of navy , and who is gen erall a w as e em i y c lled its father , Commodor John Barry , an

VVex fo rd . f e grant from , Ireland As a man , an o fic r , and a

h e e his citizen , his c aract r was stainl ss , and a perusal of life will be an interesting study for all w h o love h onesty in pub lic and purity in private life . O f the aid rend e red the coloni e s by the Irish in the

e e e R volution , the t stimony of Jos ph Galloway , a Penn s v lv an ia th e h 1 tory , before Englis parliament in 7 79, bears witness In answer to th e q u e stion o f the nativity of the

r e th e e e h e a my nl isted in s rvice of the Continental congr ss , —“ said The names an d plac e s of th e ir nativity being taken d th e e y own , I can answer qu stion with precision . The

e — — w re scarcely one fourth natives of America , about one — h ”< half Irish , the other fourth Englis and Scotch (vol . 1 xiii , page 4 3 , British Commons Reports) .

e G neral Robertson , who had served in America twenty “ — I e e L e e m e four years , swore , remember G n ral telling ” t h at he believed half o f the reb e l army were from Ir eland .

(Ibid . , page

1 80 th e . In July , 7 , Friendly Sons of St Patrick , of Phil ad - b elphia , or twenty seven of them , su scribed for the relief

h e 1 0 o f t starving patriots at Valley Forge the sum of $ 3 ,

0 0 . . a 5 Gen Stephen M oyl n , of the dragoons , was the presi

e y n d nt of the societ , and amo g those who paid towards the f e Gettv s und was G orge M eade , grandfather of the hero of

e e in burg . In acc pting memb rship this society , General “ — I e Washington wrote to the president , acc pt with sin gular pleasure the ensign of so worthy a fraternity as that

! “ ” N 1 88 . From orth American Review , October , 7 50

f h d o . of the Sons St Patrick , in t is city , a society istin gu ish ed for th e firm adherence of its members to th e ” h e glorious cause in whic we are mbarked . Again : In r eply to an address of th e Cath olics of the “ 1 8 h — I h United States in 7 9, Was ington said , presume t at — vour fellow citiz ens will not forget the patriotic part wh ich you took in th e accomplishment of th e ir revolution and the

h n e stablis me t of their government . Th is is strong testimony to th e pl e a th at not only were h h h e e h t ere Cat olic Irish re befor the Revolution , but t at th ey were h ere in large numbers ; and that sympath y for th e cause of th e colonists ext ended to the Irish in I re

n e th e h la d is vident from testimony of Governor Jo nston ,

th e h 1 h h e in Englis house of commons in 775, w en said , “ I maintain that some of th e best and wisest men in th e

th e h I re countr y are on the side of Americans , and t at in ” e h l and th r e e to one ar on t eir side .

h th e l e h T at delegates to the Continenta congr ss , eld in

e th e I re Philad lphia , realized obligation due the people of

h a h h e f h land , and t t t ey appreciated t ir riends ip and sym path iz e d with th e m in th e e fforts to alleviate th eir own suf ferin s e th e g , is vident from address issued from that body “ th e h e h — VV e to Irish people w rein t e y say , are desirous , as

e o f th e is natural to inj ur d innocence , possessing good

f h h \V e artic u larlv Opinion o t e virtuous and umane . are p d e sirous of furnish ing you w ith a tru e state of our motiv e s

e th e to c o n and obj cts , better enable you to j udge of our

h th e th e duct wit accuracy , and determine merits of contro ” v e rs y with impartiality and precision . Aft e r giving in detail th e grievances under which th ey suffe r e d th e monopoly of trade e nj oyed and th e imposi

th e h th e tion of unj ust taxes by Britis government , address

! “ ” s ss w as c pl I l g as Thi addre dire ted ” To The Peo e of re and who were reeted s s w as s s s Friend and Fellow Subj ect . It igned , in behalf of the Congre , by John . s Hancock , Pre ident . 51 goes on to state th at they agreed to susp e nd all trade with

e d th e h h Gr at Britain , Irelan , and West Indies , oping by t is peac eable mode of opposition to obtain th at j ustice from the h h ad e British ministry w ich so long been solicit d in vain . And here p e rmit us to assure yo u that it was with th e u t most reluctance we could prevail upon ourselves to cease commercial connection with your island . Your parliament

d h ad e had one us no wrong , you ever be n friendly to the h h rig ts of mankind , and we acknowledge wit pleasure and gratitude th at your n ation h as produced patriots who have nobl y distinguished themselves in th e cause of humanity

th e h e and A merica . On ot r hand , we are not ignorant that th e an d h th e labor manufactures of Ireland , like t ose of silk

w e h worm , re of little moment to erself , but served only to h h give luxury to t ose who neit er toil nor spin . We per c eiv ed h t at if we continued our commerce with you , our

n o t to agreement import from Britain would be fruitless ,

w e e e and w re , therefore , compell d to adopt a measure to which noth ing but absolute necessity would h ave reconciled us . It gave us , however , some consolation to reflect that , h h e th e e s ould it occasion muc distr ss , fertile r gions of f America would a ford you a safe asylum from poverty , and , —an h h in time , from oppression also asylum in w ic many h d h h o s italitv t ousan s of your countrymen ave found p ,

f th e peace , and a fluence , and become united to us by all ties

ff . of consanguinity , mutual interest , and a ection

th e Continuing , address in vigorous language describes th e y e y th e h treacher , cru lt , rapacity , and cowardice of Britis

f e o ficials and soldi ry , in a strain also familiar to readers of

h h th e h I ris istory , murders and bloods ed committed in Ire la n d by the same soldi ery b eing repe ated in New England . — “ It clos e s by saying Acc ept our most grateful ac kn o w l e dgm en ts fo r th e friendly disposition you have always shown to w ard us . We know that you are not without 52

e r your grievanc s , we sympathize with you in your dist ess , and are pleased to find that the design o f subj ugating us has persuaded the administration to dispense to Ireland some " h rays of ministerial sunshine . Even t e tender mercies of

' th e h: government have long been cruel towards you . In ric ’ “ h av e fed an d pastures of Ireland many hungry parricides ,

' e h e grown strong to labor in its destruction . W hope 3t o f r patient abiding the meek may not always befo go tt en . “ Bu t we should be wanting to ourselves , we should be

" erfidio u s t p to posterity, we should be unworthy hat ancestr y f w e rom which we derive our descent , should submit with h e folded arms to military butc ery. and depr dation to gratify th e lo rdlv m in istr ambition or sate the avarice of a British v . In defence of our p ersons and property under actual viola h h tion , we have taken up arms ; when t at violence s all be

e e o n th e r moved and hostilities c ase the part of aggressors , h f t ey shall on our part also . For the achievement o this happy event we confide in the good offices of our fellow h subj ects beyond t e Atlantic . O f their disp osition we do n o t h h h yet despond , aware , as t ey must be , t at t ey have n othing more to expect from the same common e nemy than ” the humble favor of being last devoured . H ow prophetic these words have proven can be seen

- by the millions of I rish blood in the United States to dav . America has as truly b e en th e asylum and home of th e d e scendants o f th ose in Ireland to whom this address was

—fi v e e made , over one hundred and twenty y ars ago , as it was fo r th e thousands of th eir countrymen at the time it was

e ff th e e written , and whos e orts in War for I ndependenc hastened the triumph of the republic . Sir Henry Maine has been quoted in r e gard to the morals of th e Irish f e o . p ople , and the name Lecky mentioned The reader will

e th e pardon , in an article alr ady too long , an extract from

a l tter . 53

1 In the History of European M orals , vol . , he quotes “ ’ ” VVa lan d s 2 8 from y Elements of Moral Science , page 9 , w hat will with force apply to th e Irish nation : That is al

th e n ways most happy condition of a nation , and that ation

th e is most accurately obeying laws of our constitution , in wh ich the number of the h uman race is most rapidly in a N i h . o w t e th e h cre sing , is certain t at und r law of c astity , h h e h t at is . w n individuals are exclusively united to eac

h w ot er , the increase of population ill be more rapid than ” e e under any oth r circumstanc s .

1 . 1 e Again , in vol . , p 53 , he writ s , The nearl y uni v e rsal custom of early marriag e s among th e Irish peasantry has alone rendered possible that high standard of female

h e c astity , that intense and j alous sensitiveness respecting

h w h female onor , for ich , among many fa—ilings and some vices the Irish poor have long been pre e min ent in Eu rope .

Had th e fearful famine which in th e present c en tu rv

th e a desolated l nd , fallen upon a people who thought more o f h accumulating substance t an of avoiding sin , multitudes might now be living who perish ed by literal starvation on ” ki r n the dreary hills of Limerick or S bbe ea . “ h h The example of Ireland furnis es us , however , wit a r e markable instanc e of the manner in which the influence o f a moral feeling may act beyond th e circumstances that gave it birth . There is no fact in Irish history more sin

h e gular t an the compl te and , I believe , unparalleled absence ,

th e among Irish priesthood , of those moral scandals which in every continental country occasionally proves the danger of vows of celibacy . The unsuspected purity of the I rish

e e priests in this r spect is the more r markable , because , the

e e h e in u is government b ing Prot stant , t re is no special q ito rial u n legislature to ensure it , because of the almost

e fl e o f e h bound d in u nce the clergy ov r t eir parishioners , and 54

a th e lso because , if any j ust cause of suspicion existed , in fierce s ectarianism of Irish public opinion it would assur e dl y be magnified . Considerations of climat e are inad e quate

h s u ffi c ient to explain t is fact , but the chief cause is , I think ,

Th e a lv obvious . h bit of marrying at the first development

h as th e f of the passions produced among peasantry , rom

th e whom the priests for most part have sprung , an ex trem e ly strong fee ling of the iniquity of irregular sexual indulgence which retains its power even over th ose w h o are ” bound to vows of perp etual celibacy . Th e tribute thus paid to the I rish priesth ood of th e present day is in accord w ith wh at h e writes of th e mission e h ari s of the Scotia of t e sixth and tenth centuries . Vol . 2 2 1 . 6 . , p “ The Irish monasteri es furnished the e arliest and prob ablv th e most numerous laborers in the field . A great por tion of th e north of England was converted by th e Irish

Th f l m an u s e . o u b monks of Lindisfarne . am e of St C in G aul , in Germany , and in Italy , for a time even balanced h h h f t at of St . B enedict imself , and the sc ool he ounded at Luxeuil became the great seminary for mediaeval mission

h e aries , while the monastery planted at B obbio continued h n T e . to the present ce tury . Irish missionary , St Gall , gave his name to a portion of Switzerland w hich he had c o n

h e verted , and a crowd of other I ris missionaries pen trated h to the remotest forests of Germ an y . The movement w ich

o f began with St . Columba . in the middle the sixth century , w as communicated to England and Gaul about a centur y

e later . During nearly three centuri s , and while Europe h ad t n d o sunk in o the most extreme moral , intellectual , a p litical o f e degradation , a constant stream missionari s poured

th e t h e forth from monasteries , who spread knowledge of the cross and the seeds of a future civilization through ev erv ” land from Lo m bardv to Sweden .

56

e Tenn ss e e . Even New Hampshire has two counties named — in h onor o f two men of undoubt e d Irish blood Sullivan and Carroll ; and each of th e states bears similar testi

th e mony in names of persons and places . Gettysburg , of h e istoric fame , takes its name from James Gettys , a nativ ’ th e th e O H ara th e of Ireland ; and name of another of race , ,

- o f Kentucky soldier poet , is immortalized by the adoption “ ” his w e Th e B th e th e ell known po m , ivouac of D ead , by

e n e e governm nt , in havi g the v rs s cast in bronze , and placed

h o f th e h in eac national cemeteries t roughout the land . h “ Allen T orndike Rice , in an article in the North ” “ Rev iew fo r 1 88 — I n th e e e American , O ctober , 7 , says , sci nc of government th e United Kingdom h as no right to exult . S even centuri e s have pass ed since she overran and annexed

e y et th e h - h th e Ir land , and Iris of to day ate United King dom as much as did th e ir fathers who followed th e standard

e w h of Brian B oru . British statesm n and riters have hit erto e xcused th e ir failur e s to conciliate Ireland by attributing f h th em to the incorrigibl e ch aracter o t e C e ltic race . B ut th e same p eople wh om sh e practically drove into exile by th e —th e n o u la million , most ig orant and poorest of her p p

- h e e e th e tion , av be n absorb d into American nationalit y , an d are not surpassed in th eir loyalty by th e descendants of h ” th e men o f t e Mayflower . According to statistics given by the Army and Navy Journal as to th e nativit y of th e men w h o fought for th e

e th e e e e - suppr ssion of R b llion , one hundr d and forty four th e thousand two hundred were born in Ireland . Of num

th e be r o f m en serving in Union army , natives of this coun

r t y , but of Irish parentage , statistics cannot tell , as they are y s et down as Americans , but. that the number will largel

e h h h e xc ed t ose of Irish birt , all soldiers , eit er in the East or

e . W st , well know Among th ose who were lead ers in the great struggle , 57 and w hose n ames are well known by every school - bov in the nation , were the immortal Sheridan , M eade , Logan ,

Gilmore , Gibbon , J . F . Reynolds of Pennsylvania , Mc h th e o f Reynolds of M ic igan , v Delaware , Kilpatrick .

e e Kearney , Shields , M agh r , Corcoran , R . H . Jackson ,

M c Gin n is M c Nu lta Lawler , M ulligan , ; of Illinois , Har

Sw een e ney and v of M issouri , Guiney and Cass of Massa

h u s etts n h h h c o f . , Do o oe of N ew Hamps ire , Lytle O io , Geo e h ll . . a A Sh ridan , J C . Sullivan , Egan , and scores of ot ers , of Irish blood .

It may seen needless to recall either names or events ,

h as but as Rice alluded to it , it is well to mention the fact that even in our own day the slander that the people of th e north of Ireland are superior to those of the other sections

f th e of the country is heard on the plat orm , or read in mag

h s u erio ritv azines or newspapers , and that t is assumed p is

w h o i t i s due solel y to the nationality of the people are ,

e h claim d , either of Scotc or English origin . Admitting , ’ th e w e for argument s sak e , that people of the north re

: w e more intelligent , it would not be at all surprising they re f the favored sons o Ireland . The screws might occasionally be put on the stubborn Presbyterians , but they could give th eir children an education with out violation of legal e n ac tm en ts ; and some of those who were of th e English Church lived o ff the fat of the land at th e expense of th e

e th ev rest . B ut despite th se advantages , it is not true that

e w re more thrifty , capable , honest , or moral than their less e b favor d rethr en . e le It would seem , on investigation , that where the old h h ment had alf a chance it went straig t to the front , and in

h e e th e ot er countri s , r lieved of load it carried in Ireland , it h eld its own with elem ents more favored by law or custom . Within a half of a century we have seen a Nugent

- in - Taafe commander chief of the Austrian army , and a 58

’ premier of the empire ; an O D o n n e ll ruling the destinies

its of Spain , and under his leadership armies winning new laurels from their ancient enemies , the M oors , and a ducal

M ac M ah o n coronet for their general ; a marshal of France , and president of th e French republic ; a Pendergast rep re — s enting h er most C hristian maj esty as gov ernor general of Cuba ; a Lynch commander of the combined land and naval

h e h is th e e forces of C ili , and r viving in person glori s ’ H i in O s . achieved by gg , the liberator Under the English

w h o f h government , those of the race were avored by birt , w h o w o f preferred place above love of country , or who ere t h e h dominant faith , proved t emselves fully equal to their W’ h more favored associates of English , Scotch , or elsh birt ,

— —e th e B ourke , Lord Mayo , governor g neral of Indias ;

John Pope Hennessy , governor of Hong Kong ; the Earl

f - of D u ferin , governor general of Canada ; Sir Hastings y o f VVo ls ele D o le , governor Nova Scotia ; Lord y, com

- in - th e h M ac lis e th e mander chief of Englis army ; D aniel ,

e th e h th e h paint r ; Foley , sculptor ; Sir C arles B arry , arc i t ec t th e h h of ouses of parliament ; Leec and D oyle , the artists of th e London Punch ; Mich ael Balfe and William

e a Vinc nt Wallace , the op er tic composers ; Sullivan , of ” h e h w h o Pinafore fame ; and many ot rs , are among t ose have w o n distinction in England or in her colonies . ’ O Co n n ell w h o f In Ireland , , and those ollowed him ,

th e in face of the most adverse circumstances , soon drew even from their opponents respect as well as fear , and the home of th e rac e has no reason to grieve for th e ’ Brien . O future of its sons Parnell and his associates , , ‘ ’ O Co n n o r O Go rm an H ealey , , Harrington , D illon , , Egan ,

th e h B rennan , and the balance of noble band fig ting for th e H ome Rule , achieved greatest moral victory that can be found in history ; and th is has b e en accomplished h n b not alone by t eir patriotism . pluck , and eloque ce , but V the honesty , sincerity , and purity of their lives . 59

In the United States the record of th e race is still more marked ; and among those w h o won imperishabl e h onor in th e War for the Union the Irish element need not take th e second place . From the first B ull Run down to the day h th e th e h when the last s ot was fired at close of war , Iris h h blood matted many a gory field , Iris valor brig tened

th e many dark hours , and genius of sons of Irishmen turned h more t an one engagement from certain defeat into victory .

h th e S eridan , son of an emigrant from Ireland , later rose to command the army of the republic , and Rowan became ’ h n o r t e . O Co second in command of navy Charles , of the h old istoric clans of the west of I reland , some years since

th w h h e w as stepped down from e pedestal , ere placed by the unanimous voice of his associates of the American bar , to respond to the last call of nature .

M c Cu llo u h John g and Lawrence Barrett , on the Ameri in h can stage , their p ersons revived the glories ac ieved by ’ t h e O N eals . Sheridans , Q uinns , Powers , and scores of ’ m n . O Go r a . others in days gone by Richard , H on James

y h B h y T . B rad , Judge Jo n R . rady , H on . C arles P . Dal ,

Judge William C . Barrett , and Judge Donaghue , all of New

th e York city , have been too well known to require but

a y b re mention of their names . John Lee Carroll , recentl

n governor of Maryland , a gra dson of the immortal signer , f and A . P . Gorman , U . S . senator rom the same state , are f h h h good t y pes o t e race in that proud old state . Jo n Roac was removed by death from the head of the ship - builders o f

’ th e h . W nation William Corcoran , of as ington , and Eugene

e Kelly , of New York , r presented the race among the bank i W . ers , as H on . lliam R Grace does among the great ship ping houses .

f N ew e Kiernan rom York , Sewall from New J rsey ,

n Jones of Florida , Farley of California , Ke na of West Vir

e ginia , and M ahone of Virginia , in the Unit d States senate ; 6 0

’ O N eal h u , M c Ado o and Kelly , Lync , C rtin , , Collins , ’ O D o n n ell M ac M ah o n o f , , Lawler , and Foran, in the house e e ve r pres ntati s . are but a few of the many who have dis tin u is h ed h f g t emselves in congress . Very ew of those named sprung from north of Ir eland stock ; but the few who did “ ” fee - would l insulted to b e called Scotch Irish . h From Iris stock come neither socialists nor anarchists ,

e e e e d gen ration nor d cay , physically or m ntally ; and the

h e vivacity , elasticit y , vigor , and strengt of this old but ev r young people will contribute largely to make th e futur e

American the best type of man , physi cal and intellectual , ’ that has yet been produc e d through God s furnace from the f mixture o races . H O W T H E I R I S H C A M E A S BUI LD E R S

O F T H E N A T I O N .

TO the lover of history no su bj ect can b e of more interest than that treating of the origin of this b d repu lic , the evelopmen t of it s institution s and the gradual unification of the various races contrib uting

to its population . One of our earliest historical writers

be has said that America is simply Europe transplanted , in cause , the main , its people are descended from the colon ists and immigrants who came here from that portion of

t h e globe . h n Was ington , Lafayette , Steube and Pulaski were

th e noble types of the contributions of the English , French , h the German and the Polish elements , as those w ose names I will mention lat e r were fitting representative s of th e land

o f St . Patrick . The r eputed voyages of I rish explorers to America c e nturies before th e advent of Colu mbus is a subj ect now

attracting more interest and study than ever before . Among those w h o have rev erentlv considered the Irish claims in

e this r spect may be mentioned H umboldt , Usher , Rafn ,

Ts c h u di Bu tterfi eld RO O Von , Otway , Bancroft , , D e and h ' other sc olarly people . B ut I do not intend to dwell upon e that point at this time , pr ferring to leave it for a future

paper .

e Coming down to the p riod of positive history , we know that Irish emigrationto this country began long be “ ” fore the s o - called Scotch - Irish movem e nt to these shores — 1 0 . fully 75 or 0 years before Even in N ew Hampshire , 6 2

h e people bearing East , West and Sout of I r land names 1 6 1 —1 6 were found as far back as 4 6 0 . There is little doubt h that many of t ese early comers were , in creed , Roman h en . e Catholics wh t ey arrived here It is not nec ssary , at h th e - th e t is time , to discuss anti Catholic laws prevailing in th coloni e s at at and later periods . The Protestant Irish w h o h h subsequentl y came to t ese s ores have , for some years

e e e past , b n r ferred to by a certain class of writers as ” h— h h e Scotc Iris . Som e of t ese writers are manifestly biass d e e h and delib rat ly ignore well known istorical facts . Others h are onest enough , but poorly informed on the

th e h Of late , advocates of the shibbolet have begun to realize h o w ridiculous it is to call th ese Irish Protestants “ ” h - h h h Scotc Iris , but fort wit proceed to make themselves h “ h ” still more ridiculous by calling t em , instead , pure Scotc . In h istories of New Hampshire towns colonized bv e bv th e migrants from Ireland , an attempt has been made writ e rs to draw a distinction betwe e n wh at th ey term th e “ ” - h Th e e Scotch Iris and the Irish . form r were , according to h h e n th e t eir t ories , pure Scotch , mai ly from Lowlands ,

w h o h ad e of Saxon origin , emigrated to Ireland , ke ping h f h h t emselves clear rom all contact wit the native Iris , f w h h f e e rom om t ey di f r d in language , blood , morals , and e h th e f r ligion , and from t ese people were sprung ounders

f . o . Londonderry , Antrim , D ublin , etc , in New Hampshire Th ere is no evidence whatev e r to sh ow that the orig

Th e inal settlers held any such opinions of themselves . L R ev I\'I c Gre o r first pastor , . M r . g , 7 bore not a Lowland name ,

! A s illu s trating the s ympathy exi s ting between the people of Scotia Maj or and Scotia s Minor may be cited an important fact in connection with the battle of Clontarf . Thi 1 0 1 s latter event took place near Dublin , Ireland , A . D . 4 . The Iri h army of about - w as s a s . men commanded by Brian , the Iri h monarch , then eighty eight ye r of age The ’ s s s Danis h ho s t approximated men . In Brian rank that day valorou ly fought the Great Steward s of Lennox and Mar who were pres ent with their force s from Scotland and s materially contributed to the Iri s h victory which en ued . T s s s s th e U s Many urname that are commonly uppo ed , in nited State , to have originated e x c lu s 1v e l s 1 s s in Scotland , and to be y Scotti h , are really of old Ir h origin and were fir t ’ ( O H art his h is !: Pe di ree s V o l. 1 1 . borne in Ireland . in work on g Fifth Edition , Dublin , s s w s a s s tate that the follo ing Scotch familie , mong other , are of Iri h origin , their

6 4

bv tion , and their places taken Scotch and English , who w a ere pl nted on the confiscated estates , and who kept aloof f h ad — rom those who been dispossessed , not inter marr ying

n w ay h or associati g in any with t em , and from those people w e re descended the I rish w h o began to come over here in

1 1 8 w h o r h o ff 7 and we e only Iris in name , being the

o spring i English and Scotch , and properly known as “ — ” Scotch Irish . This sort of reasoning on the part of the writers mentioned is simply nonsensical .

The character of the names of these p eople , or of many f h hi o . sto r e t em illustrious in American v , could be asily de t e rm in ed bv an v e h stud nt of p ilology , or of nomenclature , but fo rtu nat elv th ere is another auth ority which tells a dif feren t e h story of the Ulst r plantation , and one w ich can

n o t . 0 1 be well gainsaid In a footnote to page 9 , volume , ’ “ ” Reid s History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland . the “ auth or declares that The extent of the forfeite d lands as stated by Pyn n ar was about acres ; of these

fo r were granted church , school and corporation lands , about

th e were granted to native Irish , and the remaining were disposed of to th e B ritish undertakers or col o n ists h , the maj ority of whose tenants were also Iris , the h original in abitants of Ulster . These facts it is necessary a h to bear in mind , as Roman C t olic , and sometimes Protes

th e f tant writers , represent for eited lands as co mprising the w hole of the six counties , and speak of the colonization of Ulster as having dispossessed and displaced th e entire ” h th e n ative population of t e province . If Reid gives cor h d o u la rect figures , and t ere is no reason to oubt it , the p p tion of Ulster after th e planting differed btit little except in r e ligion from that of the oth er parts of Ireland . There is e v e ry reason to believe th at many of the native I rish be

e came . in time , Presb y t rians , being deprived by law of the bv ministrations of their own religion , and surrounded every influ ence h ostile to the faith o f their fathers . 6 5

h It is a well known istorical fact that the Normans , e Saxons , D an s , Germans and H uguenots , who h ad b e en

th e e colonized in Ireland , became in time , as saying go s ,

h h fo r th e more Iris than the I rish t emselves , and this , Eng

h h e Th e lis government was almost w olly r sponsible . first generation of these people born in Ire land were treated no

h th e e better t an the Irish , and r sult was , all united against th e e n common nemy , E gland . At various periods in its h m an v e h istory , and in reb llions that ave taken place since th e h h h Norman conquest . none ave foug t arder or suffer e d h h more under the English government t an t is mixed race ,

w h e e h th e ich had , as a rule , more prop rty to plund r t an

w h o h ad e e older stock , be n despoiled of their ancestral acr s e gen rations before . About the first arrival of th ese people in New En gland in an v e 1 1 8 e 1 0 0 consid rable numbers was in 7 , when ov r

O f h few families came to B oston , t ese a went to ’ W w w th e e orcester , but ere looked upon ith disfavor by r si

o f h e dents that town , and w en ten years lat r a Presb y terian ch urch w as erected it was torn down in th e night by th e ‘

o f w as Congregationalists , and not a stick timber to b e

th e e . found n xt morning B eing Irish , they were l ooked upon in the same light as the Irish Catholics were many

e y ars later .

Falm o u tli M e A second party went to , , remaining over h vinter . T ey were in a destitute condition , and an appro

riatio n fo r h e p was made t eir reli f by the general court ,

Th e wh ich styled th e m the poor Irish . following vear

h N e w t ey came to Hampshire , and founded the town of and for a long time they were annoyed and

i s w as s I N . H . k s t , Londonderry , reland , from which Londonderry , , ta e name , be towed

s z . e . U s p s , at the time of the Plantation of l ter , u on twelve London Companie or Guild s s s s k s Clo th w o rk s s ) s , , the Mercer , Grocer ( in part , Draper , Fi hmonger , Gold mith S inner s e rs s s s s s an d t ne rs . , Merchant Tailor , Haberda her , Salter , Ironmonger , The di trict s s et s s thu apart included four baronie , of which three had con tituted the old county of s s s w as s , Coleraine . From the e and other ection evolved the pre ent county of Londonderry ) as s within which is the City of the name . This dis trict became known the Londoner Plantation . 66

e e e bv n h e s p rs cut d the E glis settlers of Hav rhill , M as , and it was n o t until th ey were found useful as Indian fighters h th e e e e h t at pers cution c as d , t ough the prej udice against h th em on account of t eir nationality lasted fo r years . Every m e ntion of th ese people in th e early h istory of “ ” h e h New Hamps ir styles them Irish , and t ere was good

fo r reason for it , there was not a typical name representin g the old Gaelic or Norman Irish that cannot be found in the

h e h h Iris settl ments of t at day , and t ey are as common now in New Hampsh ire and in other states among th e des e en dants of th e first immigrants as th ey are in Ireland . From 1 7 1 8 to th e outbr e ak of the r e volution 'th e Irish h ad in

e h th e creas d so rapidly t at Londonderry , parent settlement , w as th e th e th e n ew most populous town in colony , and all towns settl e d by th em were th rifty and progressive . Th e London Sp ectator said N ew England was u n c o n “ e h e h n o o f th e g nial to t es Puritan Iris , but in state Union h as th e el e ment l e ft its mark so indelibly as in New Hamp “ ” h h e h e th e h h s ire . t e desc ndants of t P uritan Irish filling ig

n th e est positio s in th e state and the nation . A glance at pages of th e provincial r e cords and of the revolutionary rolls of New Hampsh ire will surprise many of th os

D s s Speaking of the city of erry , a recent writer ay The old town at the mouth of is the Foyle a good deal now talked of , and people appear doubtful whether to call it ’ D I n s w as erry , Londonderry or the Maiden City . the very old time , when there no town to be chri s tened that area now included within the wall s w as s urrounded by the river i do z r e s s . s s s and den ely covered by oak An oak tree wood or fore t called in Iri h , and S Co lu m bk ille e s . . henc the name Derry , the old Iri h original name In the ixth century St s founded an abbey in the place , and thi formed the commencement of the town which u s e w as grew up round the abbey . The church attached to the abbey for the of the public te a m u ! m ar n a t h e s called f , the great church , and hence the me of pari h in which the city is s is s . w as ituated till called Templemore About the ninth century the place called , in D C o lu m bk ille s w as it s memory of the great founder of the abbey and town , erry , and thi name for s everal hundred year s . s s s s In the beginning of the eventeenth century a body of Engli h coloni t , principally

s s s . from London , were ent to ettle in the di trict They received their very liberal charter of - s 1 6 1 w as s d . D right in 3 , and it then that we fir t find the place called London erry uring W ar 1 6 1 s s s s s the Civil of 4 the Roundhead held the city again t the Royali t or Stuart , who

8 William it s s s . failed o ake . And n 1 6 9 e e eld aga n Jame I I e pre x Lon ” t t it i th h it i t Th fi don w as allowed to drop even by the fir s t de s cendent s of the London coloni s t s them s s s s is z . elve , but may be u ed of cour e by anyone who proud of the Londoni ing of the place is D e rr m e n Derry e correc name , erefore , and ndeed ere are few y w o call by any th ” t th i th h it other name .

. s M ac S arran s s s Rev Jame p , an Ir Pro e an clergyman of R ode I land , wr ng n i h t t t “ h iti i 1 7 52 and referring to the New Hamp s hire s ettlement s ay s In thi s province lies that - ” r s s s . town called London De ry , all Iri h , and famed for indu try and riche 6 7 writers who are so fond of denying to th e Irish any credit for what is . due them fo r th e ir s ervices during th e periods n e h h e am d , but the names are t ere , speaking for t emselv s . Th e fact that a M asonic lodge was early instituted ’ at H Portsmouth , N . . , and named in honor of Ireland s ’ o c patron saint , as well as that Stark s rangers , on one

-n casion , demanded an extra ratio of grog in order to cele ’

. th e brate St Patrick s day properly , proves that customs

e e e h and traditions of the old land w r still k pt up , more t an a generation after th e Puritan Irish made their app ear ance in the province . The greater part of th e families mentioned remained in

1 0 th e B oston , and in 73 built what is called Presbyterian

Th e h h Church of Long Lane . first pastor of t is churc was

h h e e 1 Rev . Jo n Moore ead . S v n years later , on the 7th of “ ” h 1 e — M arc , 73 7 , tw nty six of the P uritan Irish remaining in

B e h h oston , all m mbers of t is churc , met , and , like their ’

e N e w e . countrym n in Hampshir , celebrated St P atrick s h day . O rganizing a benevolent association , t ey named it ” th e e th e h Irish Society , b tter known now as C aritable

h th e — Iris Society . Every name of twenty six original mem bers were of th e same character as th ose in the London

e h e d rry settlement in N ew Hamps ire , among th m being

e e the fath e r and two uncles o f Gen . H nry Knox the g neral

r and his son were aft e rwa ds members .

h e o f h . Iris m n Scotc , English and old Irish descent as

e e o f the nam s d note , are borne on the rolls the society from th e e fo r e first , but no man was ligible memb rship unless he h w as born in Ireland or in some part of the Britis dominion ,

e h of Irish par ntage . This is most conclusive evidence t at h th ese m e n consid e r e d th e ms e lves Irish . No Scotc man

— 1 K A s s . s , 7 97 , nox , name derived from an old Iri h ource In the Iri h Parliament were s s and in th e four bearers of the name . Two of them were in the Hou e of Lord two

s K V s . Common s . The former were the Bi hop of illaloe and i count Northland The two

K . s K . . in the Iris h Hous e of Commons were Hon . George nox and Hon Thoma nox Gen Henry Knox of the American Revolution w as not only a member of the Charitable Iri s h

s s s . . Society , Bo ton , but al o of the Friendly Son of St Patrick , of Philadelphia 6 8

could be admitted to membership , and the seal of the so c iet th e bu . f . t o . y bore arms , not of Scotland , I reland Rev

th e th e John M oorehead . first pastor of Presbyterian

th e church , was among earlier members . To th is association belonged the principal Irish r e si

e o f d nts B oston , and an index to the friendly feeling always existing in th at p lace between th e Catholics and Prote stants o f Irish origin is the fact th at for ov er 1 00 years a clergy man o i both church e s has been the guest of th e societ y at

y M N il th e . c e each anniversar When Gen . John , one of

th e descendants of Londonderry colon y , was collector of 1 8 0 h B oston , in 3 , he was admitted to members ip , and when

i< ac k so n -e d 1 8 President Andrew J visit B oston , in 3 3 , he was

th e greeted by the society , and in response to address of “ : welcome , he said I feel grateful , sir , at this testimony of respect shown me by th e Ch aritable Irish Society of this

th e city . It is with great pleasure that I see so many of

e f h countrym n of my ather assembled on t is occasion . I have always been proud of my ancestry and of being de ” scended from that noble race . — Of th e eighty thr e e soldi e rs holding th e commissions of maj or or brigadi e r generals in th e Continental army at l e ast nineteen w e re born in Ireland or in America of Irish

e h e a parentag . T ir n mes and rank were Maj or Generals h Jo n Sullivan , Richard M ontgomery , H enry Knox and Th omas Conway (Conway and M ontgomery were born in

Ireland) , and Brigadier Generals Edward Hand , Andrew

e h h e e L wis , Jo n Armstrong , Step n M oylan , William Irvin ,

h e Jo n H ogan , William Maxwell , William Thompson , Georg

h e Clinton , James M oore , Ant ony Wayne , Jam s Clinton , h Daniel M organ , Joseph Reed and Roc e de Fermoy . Of Th h e . e t ese fifteen , nine w re born in I reland character of

s w as a th e Jack on a member of the Hibernian Society , Philadelphi , j oining organ iz i 1 8 1 H is s is s s . at o n in 9. member hip certificate till in exi tence the e th e . names denot s mixture of races , but from the fact

h th e t at e great r part belonged to the Friendly Sons of St . Patrick and th e Hibernian Society of Philadelphia it is quite ’ c leai‘ h c o n s idered th em s e lv es h w ith o u t t at they plain Iris , l

th e h - prefix so beloved by t e anti Irish writers . th e h Among governors of Irish birt , or of I rish origin , during th e colonial or revolutionary periods were David Dunbar and John Su llivan of N ew Hampshire ; Th omas Dongan and George Clinton of New York ; James Sullivan o f h h o o h Massac usetts ; Jo n H ust n , Jo n M artin and Peter

h M c Kinle h o h Early of Georgia : Jo n y, T omas C llins , Jo n Collins and Joseph Haslett of D elaware ; John H art of

e e M aryland ; Jam s Logan , George Bryan , William M oor ,

”< R h M c K ean Joseph eed and T omas of Pennsylvania , James

o o e Mo re , J hn Rutledge and Edward Rutl dge of South Carolina ; Matthew Rowan and Thomas Burke o f North

e h o f Carolina , and William W ls and William Patterson

N e w Jerse y . Among th ose o f th e same stock who have be e n gov e rn o rs 1 800 of states since were John M urphy , Gabriel

h M c V a e . M oore . H ug y, B enj amin Fitzpatrick , Andr w B ’ Moore and Edward O N eal of Alabama ; John A . Gurly and h h M c o rm ic k . . Ric ard C of Arizona ; James S Conway , Jo n S

Flan n e an h Roane , Harris g and I saac M urp y of Arkansas h h R e . y . Step n W Kearne , Jo n G Downey and B ennet ilev of California ; Joseph Haslett of D elaware ; Wilson S . Shan n n h e h o . , Jo n W G ary and Thomas Carney of Kansas ; Jo n Adair of Ke ntucky ; Edward Kavanagh and Selden Con f h o . nor Maine ; Daniel M artin , T K . Carroll and Jo n Lee

e h Carroll of Maryland ; B enj amin F . B utl r and T omas Tal

o f h h B bot Massac usetts ; Jo n S . arry of M ichigan ; Willis

M c ill h h A . Gorman and A . P . G of M innesota ; C arles Lync

s s s H A igner of the Declaration of Independence fir t Pre ident of the ibernian Society , of Philadelphia . 7 0

an e F d William L . Shark y of Mississippi ; Thomas rancis B M eagher of Montana ; William O . B utler and David utl e r of N ebraska ; Stephen W . Kearney and H enry Connolly of

e New M exico ; Reub e n E . F nton of New York ; Wilson h Shannon and T omas L . Y oun g of Ohio ; William Findlay ,

e James P ollock , Andrew G . Curtin and John W . G ary of

M D ffe c u e . B e Pennsylvania , George , Pierce M utl r , Patrick

M c rath e e . G Noble , B . K . Hann gan , William Aik n , A G .

e M c Kin n and James L . Orr of South Carolina ; Jam s and

e William Carroll of Tenness e . Among th e same stock in the United States senate w e h M c K in le er William Kelley , Jo n y, Gabriel M oore and

Bu -rlan d ‘Nilliam B enj amin Fitzpatrick of Alabama ; Solon ,

h . S . Fulton and Step en W . D orsey of Arkansas ; David G

ri a B rode ck , John Conness , Cornelius Cole , Eugene C sserly f i . o and J . T Farley Cal fornia ; James Shields of I llinois , Minnesota an d M issouri (Sh ields was the only man thus far in th e h istory of th e nation to represent th ree se parate stat es h in the United States senate) ; Jo n A . Logan of Illinois ; Robert Hanna and Edward Hannegan of Indiana ; Jam e s

H a . rlan of Iowa ; John Adair , William F Barry , William Logan and John Rowan of Kentucky ; Alexander Porter o f

e e Louisiana ; A . P . Gorman and Anthony K nn dy of Marv land ; Thomas F itzgerald and Lucius Lyon of M ich igan

of . James G . Fair Nevada William J Sewall of New Jer

s e D e Witt . y; George and Clinton , Reuben E Fenton and

Francis L . Kernan of New York ; James R . Kelley of Ore f B . . o o n . . g ; Pierce B utler , A B utler and M C B utler South of Flan n e an . e Carolina ; James W . g and John H R gan

T e xas ; Andrew Moore and William M ahone o f Virginia . Th irty - three years after the formation of the Irish So

e o e e cl ty of Bost n s vent en persons , all of Irish birth or! ex )

at h traction , met the B urns Tavern , in Philadelp ia , March “ 1 1 1 e 7 , 77 , and organized the Soci ty of the Friendly Sons

7 2

1 8 — e 54 55, while l gislation was ostensibly aimed against all

e fo r h foreign rs , in reality it was intended only the Iris . So th e under John Adams , while alien and sedition law was on th e f e surface designed to a fect all classes of citiz ns , it was e nact e d esp e cially to h ead o ff th e Irish ; th e line was n o t

e e th e h h drawn betw n Cat olic and Presbyterian Iris men , for all w f h o f ere abused indiscriminately , the amiliar epit ets “ — ” “ bog trotters and wild Irishmen b e ing freely applied to all .

Th e th e h 1 8 same cause that united Iris in Ireland in 79 , l e h e e 1 800 . se f prot ction , unit d t eir kindr d in America in Catholic priest and Presbyt erian minister in Philadelph ia

h e stood s oulder to should r , opposing the passage of a law

e h n Th l =~ ow e . e be aim d , they knew , directly at t eir rac bi l

th e w came a law , and student of history is well aware of hat occurred until th e success of Jefferson brought about its

h e th e h repeal . M att w Lyon , one of truest types of the Iris

G e h o t - th e a l , headed , brave and impulsive , was first victim

n e e u d r its operation . H e was a memb r of congress from

e i th e V rmont , and for criticiz ng course of the administra tion was fined and imprison ed . Thomas Addis Emmet was h h obliged to linger many weary mont s in an Englis prison ,

th e e his h e e after xecution of brot r , b cause Rufus King ,

e e re minist r to England , would not giv him a passport , as

d th e e . quire by alien law , to come to Am rica At th e tim e o f th is trouble Joh n Barry was cruising o ff th e W est India I slan ds in command of a squadron of nine

w as th e o r th eAm eri v e ssels . H e one of first commod es in

o f th e VV e x fo rd can navy , a native county of , Ireland , and a

e h Catholic in r ligion , and Matt ew Lyon of Vermont was in t h e natio n al h ouse of repr esentativ e s defending h is native l an d an d th e m e n o f his race from th e aspersions cast on

i w as e both by men of English blood . The situat on the sam

Th e o f d all over th e country . Americans Irish bloo , with 7 3

e ff few exceptions , were ard nt followers of Je erson against h f t e . ederalists In New Hampshire Gen . John Sullivan , and

h his h e in Massac usetts brot r , Gov . James Sullivan , were ardent republicans .

c o lo n v 1 68 In the of Georgia , as early as 7 , the colonial

deSi rm th e authorities , g to attract settlers to province ,

to passed an act encourage immigration , appropriating the sum of £ 1 80 0 fo r the benefit of those w h o availed them

s selves of its provi ions . Under this law many I rish peopl e

th e e h came over , governm nt providing omes for them in the fork of Lambert creek and the great O geechee river . ” n This locality was k own as the Irish settlement , and con tain ed e 2 0 . 7 famili s , nearly all Irish Three years previous 1 6 to their coming , in 7 5, the name St . Patrick was given to one of four new parishes organized in the province , a proof that h ere were many of th e sam e nationality in g Georgia before the founding of th is distinctive “ Irish settle ” ment . In the struggle for ind ependence these Georgia Irish like their kindred in Pennsylvania and New H ampshire , e n h w h o were id ntified with the patriots , and amo g t ose were active participants were men bearing the names of ’ O Brien , Houston , Keating , Dooley , Bryan , Gibbon , Ryan , h e tc . B utler , Maxwell , M oore , Carr , Jo n H ouston , son of

o v ern o u n der Patrick Houston , was the first g r the consti tu tio n ' , and Capt . Patrick Carr was the best known partisan h h fig ter in the state , filling the same position in Georgia t at

Marion did in S o uth Carolina .

e rev o lu In the colony of Virginia , befor and during the tio n ary period , men bearing Irish names were prominent in h military and civil life . T ere was hardly on e of the great Gaelic names of Ireland that had not representatives in the

e be Old D ominion , and there was not an engagement ither e e tween the s ttl rs and the Indians , and the patriots and th e 74

h English , that the Virginia I ris were not in the forefront of the battle .

’ Col . John Fitzgerald was Washington s favorite aide . M aj . Connolly was in command at Fort D uquesne

1 . in 774 Col . George Croghan was the greatest Indian

his th e trader and the most noted man of day in country .

e The defense of Fort Steph nson by his son , Maj . Croghan , h is the most t rilling episode in American history . Col .

D o n nallv h as 1 8 1 . command at Greenbriar in 7 Maj . Magill was in command of a battalion of Virginia militia be

in 1 8 1 . fore Yorktown 7 Maj . Lynch was in command of

th e . r h n another battalion at same time Maj . William G o g a w as in th e h h 1 8 1 a prisoner ands of the Britis in 7 , and beg h ging for an exc ange , in order to get back to his regiment . ’ h B n n n Capt . Jo n O a o commanded a battalion at Williams 1 8 1 h burg in 7 . Col . Charles Lync was on e of the best known Virginia field o fficers during the War of I n dep en

n h M rr de ce . Col . H ug c Ga y was another who distinguish ed

h h M Elh n t e . c a e himself in same contest Col . Jo n y, a field

f th e e o ficer of Contin ntal army , was a resident of Rock 1 2 bridge county in 79 , and Capt . John B rannan was in Nor 1 2 folk in 79 .

h h ad Massac usetts received , before the Revolution , a

th e h th e fair proportion of Irish , for whic race has received 1 6 0 but little credit . Up to 4 , about immigrants in h h all had arrived in New England . After t at date , istorians

h Th e say that more people moved out t an into it . addition

h th e h h ad of the Scotc , Iris , the Acadians , who been torn h h h from t eir omes , and the Frenc Huguenots , all prolific h e as races , was of more moment than istorians car , a rule , n to ack owledge , but an examination of the old town records

e will prove the truth of this statement . The chronicl s of the

o f s are town B oston , Mas , full of enactments to keep the

I rish out , but it was found to be impossible . They would 7 5

h come despite the prej udice , for Massac usetts was the most

ro re ssiv e ' o f e p g the coloni s , and these people , or many of them , being artisans , spinners , weavers , shoemakers , rope makers , etc . , their labor became welcome , and a compro mise was made by obliging th ose of th em w h o were well to—do to furnish bonds for th eir poorer countrymen and h e women , to the end that t ey would not b come public charges .

1 6 th e w as From 3 5, when name of John Kelley , who

h e th e e born in England , of an Iris fath r , appears on r cords

th e y s th e th of town of Newbur , Mas , down to outbreak of

War for I ndependence , the following names , all distinctively

h th e Iris , appear in the town records of M assachusetts , maj ority being found in the early records of B oston ’ O Brien M c Cu e M c D o n Kelly , B utler , , Nolin , , Mulligan , n M u rto u h r h M c M ah o n M c Carth ell , g , Car oll , Ma oney , , y,

M c Go w an h H e ffe r , Hart , D ona oe , Rankin , Cogan , Kenny , ’ O N eal f nan , H ealey , Hayes , , Noonan , Reardon , Gri fin , Lo

M c D o n o u h M c Gu ire gan , Lawler , g , Phelan , , Larkin ,

M c Gee M c Glen a h an Co o n e r Walsh , , g , Byrne , pp g , Condon h Calla an , Dougherty , Daily , Fitzgerald , Farrell , Foley , h h Gorman , Geog egan , Lahey , M aloney , H ogan , Ca ill , h Q uigley , Mahoney , Feeney , Nugent , D ool ey , D oyle , Lync ,

M c Gu in n e ss M c Nam ara Connor , , Egan , B rady , , Connell , h M ooney , M oore , M urphy , Ryan , Welc , Fitzpatrick , Con ’ O K ell nolly , Looney , Sullivan , Carney , y, Driscoll , Keefe , f “ h alan . B urk e , Harney , , Shannan and many others Th e M c Carthy family appears in the re cords of B oston

1 666 h M c Carth th e th e as early as , T addeus y being first of

M c arth f . C amily His son , Florence y, was one of the first men in B oston in his day , a dealer in provisions , filling a position similar to that of John P . Squire of a later day . His

M c arth . C son , Capt William y, was the best known ship

M c Carth owner in B oston , and his son , Rev . Thaddeus y, a r g aduate of Harvard College , was pastor of the First Church 76

- e h e ! in Worc ster for t irty sev n years . H e w as the father of

f en h . . M c Carth fi teen childr H is brot er , Capt William y, ’ th e B was quartermaster of Col . igelow s 1 5th M as sach u e th e s tts regiment in Revolutionary War , and his son , D r .

h M c Carth T addeus y, was a noted medical practitioner in h e . . e Fitc burg and Ke ne , N H At the former place h had a h h 80 0 hospital , w ic contained at one time patients . This is a fo r o n e h good record family , whic cannot well be called ” h - Scotc Irish .

1 80 1 0 h C o n As early as 7 and 79 , Jo n Sullivan , Patrick n o r and M ichael M c Carn ey w ere associated in th e manu f h acture of paper at Dorc ester , Mass .

h e h Mic a l Walsh , an Irish schoolmaster , was a teac er

s an d 1 2 at M arblehead , Mas . vicinity , in 79 , Judge Story “ n hi th e u h being o e of s pupils . H e was a t or of a Mercan ” “ ” an d e tile Arithmetic a New System of B ookke ping , pub lish e d 1 in 8 2 6 . Th e b e st kno w n of the Irish school teachers in N ew ’ h e h l Hamps ire w re Jo n Sulivan , H enry Parkinson , H um

h r inl n ey B an d a Gu o . p Sullivan . enj amin Evans P trick

n h e th Ge . M ic ael Farl y was one of e leading men

w h n d h th e s a . Ips ic , Mas , had t ree sons in Continental arm y

n e h i h h O s . w o of townsmen was Dr H ug Egan , was a well ’ h h Brien H n . . O o . known p ysician Capt Jo n , the uncle of h h . e o n e Jo n P Hal of New Hamps ire , of the naval heroes

th e th e of Revolution , al so receives honorable mention in h ew him th e istory of N bury, and before , in the account of

‘ by s h o e w ar part taken N ewbury , Mas , men in t e ld Fr n ch , f h h e . w o requent m ntion is made of Capt D avid Dono oe , Th . e . commanded an armed vessel diary of Lieut B urton ,

h e th e o f publis d in Revolutionary rolls New Hampshire .

e th e n rh o f m ntions appoi tment , as provost ma s al the army h in B oston , by Was ington , of Mr . William M oroney . H e

h e was a m e mber of t e Irish Soci ty in B oston . 7 7

M c Gee the Captain James , a president of B oston Irish

, th e Society , was in command of a vessel wrecked in service

u Ba 1 8 h of the Commonwealth of Massach setts y in 77 , w en s eventy - two of his men were lost in a great storm in mid w inter .

Sh e e s c o tt M e A certain part of the town of p , , was

Patric k sto w n h known at , from the number of Iris residents .

1 6 r ill . a James Gowan was in Kittery in 75 Capt . G g was one ’ Sh e e sc o tt s of p earliest settlers , and Rev . John M urray is m entioned in the Maine records as the man with a kind Irish heart . ’ O Brien 1 8 Richard born in Maine in 75 , served in the

e navy during the Revolution , and for y ars afterward . He

th e e was captured during Alg rine war , and was a prisoner

e th e h seven y ars . His adventures were of most t rilling

h his a c aracter , and after release fro m captivity he was p f h e h e pointed by Je ferson diplomatic agent to Algiers , w re

a . . . . . ssisted Preble in his negotiations His son, M aj J P J ’ i n f O Br e . , was a distinguished o ficer in the army

James Kavanagh , a native of Wexford , was an exten

h n 1 sive lumber merc a t in Damariscotta in 780 . His son

e th e was presid nt of M aine senate , governor of Maine , mem

e . ber of congr ss and minister to Portugal Nicholas H earne ,

M c Lau h Fergus and Tully Higgins , Robert and William g ’ O Brien lan and M orris and his six sons , all natives of I re — e o f M e 1 0 1 0 . . land , were resid nts Scarboro , , in 74 7 5 Capt ’ O Brie n so n John , the oldest of M orris , was the commander o f f h an expedition in which his ather and brot ers took part , w hich effect e d the first naval capture of the Revolution . ’ O Brien William , one of the brothers , was captured and 2 died in the hands of the enemy at the early age of 3 . Marv ’ h h h O Brien w as t e mot er of S e nator Jo n P . Hale of New h Hamps ire . John M c Gu ire was on e of the first settlers of New 78

Gloucester , and , as in M assachusetts , Americans of th e e h pres nt day in M aine bear these distinctive Iris names , the ’ ’ O Brie n s th e h retaining O , w ich is usually discarded , and th eir counterparts will be found in th e early history of th e h sout western territories , more especially in Kentucky , wh ere men b earing some of the b est known names in Ire

land have filled important stations in all walks of life . They th e were among earliest pioneers , the most noted Indian fi e th e h ght rs , eminent on benc and at the bar , and renowned

as . poets , scholars and statesmen Dr . Hart and William

e e . Coom s were among the first settl rs of Harrodsburg , Ky ’ They came with a Catholic colony from Maryland . Collins “ ” e th H istor y of Kentucky credits Dr . Hart as b ing e first

th e e medical practitioner in t rritory , and Mrs , Coomes as th e first sch ool teacher ; over twe nty o f the fortified stations built for protection against th e Indians bore distinctive Irish ’ ’ e h h nam s . Among t em Bryan s station , Doug erty s station , ’ ’ ’ ’ D re n n an s H art s station , Lick , Feagan s station , Finn s ’ h h ’ station , Higgins block ouse , I rish station , Lync s station , ’ ’ M c Ge e station , Sullivan s old station , Sullivan s new station , ’ ’ ’ M c Gu ire s Sullivan s station , Daniel Sullivan s station , ’ ’

M c Co rm ac k s M c K e en an s . station , station and station

E e h : lev n counties in Kentucky bear I ris names Lyon ,

B a M c C rac k en Adair , utler , Log n , Hart , Montgomery , ,

e B oyle , Carroll , Rowan , Cas y . As in N ew Hampshire and t h e h h e ot er colonies , t re is not a Gaelic name in Ireland that was not represented in th e territory of Kentucky after the

e h R volution , many of those who bore t em being veterans o f th e e e h War of Indep nd nce , a large proportion of w om h w 1 8 0 . e ere living as late as 4 Th ir names , publis ed in Col ’ h n u n lins istory , look like a voti g list in South B oston , so

h M c Bride h y . mistakably Irish are t e James , an Iris man , is credit e d by Collins as b e ing the first wh ite man to ent e r

e his ti e e the t rritory , Paddling canoe p the K ntucky riv r in

8 0

. f temporaries and intimates of Dr Johnson , were rom Lein ster or Munster . Wallace and Sullivan , whose musical pro du ctio n s rank among the best of English - speaking musi i n c a s . , as well as P . S Gilmore , the great bandmaster , were f rom the south of I reland . Neither Usher , Congreve , ’ B erkeley or Arth ur O L eary h ad their origin in th e north of

Ireland . Search th e British records through and the Ulster men w h o h have distinguished themselves eit er in the army , the navy , or in civil life are by no means in the maj ority , and th is is said with out detriment to the many heroic souls the h h as . northern Iris province produced The Napiers , the ’ ’ O H aras O Calla h an s , the B eresfords , the g , the Nolans , the

th e Clan ric kh ard th e Kavanaughs , the B utlers , B urkes of ,

o ls ele s h th e W y , Jo n Henry Foley, and Dargan , sculptors , ’ O Brien s I n c hi u in he the of q , t philosophic B oyles , earls of h d w h o th e Cork , and t ousan s , y conforming to Estab lish ed o f church , had secured places in some one or all

o f the branches of the government , were none the Ulster

an d e men , yet our ears are dinn d with the constant hum of th e superiority of the men from the north of Ireland over th ose of the other provinces . It is bad enough on the other side of the water , but it is worse here .

o n e Sheridan , of the most brilliant soldiers thus far produced in America , had no peer among his associates of th e e army in the Civil War , and Rowan was s cond to but h one in t e navy . One was born of Leinster parentage , and

h h h . t e ot er came ere from there John Roach , the great ’ — h O Co n o r h . s ip builder , was from Cork C arles , the great

. j urist , was the son of a west of I reland man

Geni M eagher was from Waterford . The long line of

h o e e e Kearneys , w furnished minent r presentativ s to the

f r th e army and navy o generations , were not of Ulster

f , stock . Com . John Barry , the ather of the American navy 8 1

f Th was from Wex ord . e founder of th e New Hampshire

th e Sullivans , one of most illustrious families of New Eng land , came from Limerick . h h Moylan , the das ing commander of t e Continental Th ' . e dragoons , was from Cork Carrolls of M aryland , sec e ond in emin nce to no family in America , were from Lein

Th e ster . Burkes of North and South Carolina spring from h h Connaught . The. L y nc es of Sout Carolina were from the

Th e - same province . B utlers of South Carolina , the Mc

w th e h th e H enrys of D ela are , Kavanag s of Maine , ’ O R e ill s Fitz Sim o n s e s Sh ee s the th e y , the , the , Careys ,

e M eades , the B utl rs , the Hogans , the Kanes , the Keatings ’ th e als h es e Fal and W of P ennsylvania and K ntucky , the O

o f lons Missouri , the long list of soldiers like Gibbon , D on

M c M ah o n e ohoe , Corcoran , B urke , , Halpin , Riley , Cass , ’ O R o u rke M c Gin n is e o Guiney , , Smythe , , M ade , Gilm re , t M ulligan , Neale and hundreds of o hers in the Civil War

e w re not of Ulster .

Grant , from the maternal side , had the blood of the

e u Kelleys in his v ins , and the mother of Farrag t was Eliza

h e beth S ine , the daught r of an I rish father . The Ulster m en have had full credit give n t hem for what they have h done for America , but t ere is enough glory to go round without robbing th e oth er sections of Ireland of the credit due for furnishing to the United States some of its greatest m e n h , of w om the above names are but a few in comparison to what could be given were it nec essary .

S U PPLEM E N T A RY FA C T S A ND C O M

M E N T .

R b D . EV . RE ID , in his History of the Pres yterian

Church in Ireland , speaking of th e tyranny visited upon the I rish Presbyterians by the British gov “ ern m en t ! e h in , writes Fin s and punis ments were

e flic ted without me rcy on the Presbyt rians . M any of ” h h 1 6 6 . th em h ad to go to t e west of Scotland . T is in 3

Again , he tells us that the Presbyterians were obliged to “ ” th e take Black oath , namely , to swear never to oppose ’ h h e any of t e king s commands . T os refusing to take it

e e were subj ected to th e s everest tr atment . On anoth r

th e h page , alluding to union between the I ris and the H igh h 1 6 land Scots in foreign service to support C arles I , in 44 , “ th e f he writes that the native I rish from a finity of language , manners and origin were exp e ct e d to be well qualified to ” - h e c o . operate wit the Highland rs Again , he tells us that fifteen hundred Irish went to serv e in 1 64 5under M ontrose

o f th e e in Scotland . B ut one most significant passag s in ’ “ Reid s work is th e statem e nt that in 1 6 1 0 All acts forbid

- e ding inter m arriages b tween English , Irish and Scotch were

h e r epeal e d t is year to the gre at j oy of all parti s . This quite e f e f ad fectually disposes of the fiction , so oft n put orth by v o c ate s - be of the Scotch Irish cult , that intermarriages t w e e n th e diff e rent el e m ents ih Ulster did not take place .

h e h e h We av conclusive proof re t at they did . 8 4

TH E P LA NTATI O N O F ULST ER .

>i< M u rra o f s Mr . Thomas Hamilton y, B oston , M as , in a “ ” recent paper on The Plantation of Ulster , presents much valuabl e data concerning the subj ect . H e expresses amuse “ ” ment over the ridiculous position of the Scotch - Irish ad v o cate s and th e contradictory attitude the latter assume . “ ” “ e The fact is , he declares , the cult bas s its structure — h f . on four propositions all false and , there ore , wort less These propositions are ( 1 ) That at the time of th e Plan 2 tatio n all o f old Irish stock were driven out of Ulster . ( )

That the province was repeopled exclusively by Scots . h h (3 ) T at t ese were all of Lowland stock . (4) That they — h never inter married wit other elements in Ireland , but held

h h e aloof, wedded only among t eir kind and t us preserv d ‘ ’ e themselv s as pure Scots .

o f h Now , as a matter of historical truth , non e t ese

Th e conditions obtained . plantation of Ulster is generally 1 regard ed as in cluding th e p eriod from 1 6 0 8 to 6 2 0 . A t

e h no time b fore , during or since t is period has Ulster been

n vacated e masse by its Irish population of the older stock .

h f e Thousands of t is stock , it is true , did emigrate at di fer nt

e h h tim s , but ot er thousands remained and t eir descendants reside in Ulster to this day . “ th e At time of the Plantation , the escheated territory in Ulster , comprising six counties , was practically divided

Th e -ed into three parts . first of these parts was assign to

th e English undertakers or planters , second to Scotch and

e the third to servitors and Irish nativ s . To the English undertakers were set apart seven precincts or districts ; to

th e h s e . Scotc , 9; and to the ervitors and Irish nativ s , 9 Among the Irish n atives to wh om land was thus set apart at this time in Ulst e r are found such names as ’ ’ N e ill H n l n O , O a o ,

’ ’ O D o n n ell O Go rm le , y,

- - s s Secretary General , American Iri h Hi torical Society . 8 5

’ in D o n n e ll O D ev , M ac , ’ O D ev e lin M ac M u r h v , p ’ O H a an ac Nam e e g , M , ’ O D o nne ll M ac Am allan y, , ’ O u in M u n c h en an Q , ac G , ’ O Co rr M ac Sw n e , y , ’ O M u lho lland M ac u in , Q , ’ O M allen re e , M ac C , ’ O Bo le M ac Arte y , , ’ O Galla her M ac Gill atric k g , p , ’ O Cas sid M ac Br an y, y , ’ O Co rc o ran e n , M ac O w , ’ O Flan e an M ac H u h g , g , ’ O Skanlan M ac Aw le , y, ’ O R eill M ac En abb y, , ’ O Sh eridan D e ett , M ac v , ’ O Go w an El n an , M ac y , ’ O Bradie M o fr , ac C , ’ O M u lch e - Wo rrin r w e, M ac , ’ O D o w an g , Mac Gauran , ’ O D ev en e M ac K e rnan y, , ’ M ac Tu ll O Seren , y, ’ O Clear M a C o rm o c k y, c , ’ M u l n h an e O do o , M ac S ,

M ac Can n . , and many others

“ E e th e ven w re no other proof available , foregoing list would conclusively show that the p e ople of o ld Irish stock e o f e h were not ntirely driven out Ulst r , but t at a very nu m e ro u h s and important portion remained . Not only did t e y h e be remain , but t ey increased and multipli d . Marriages e h twe n the English , Scotch and I ris in Ulster also became frequent an d in 1 6 1 0 the law forbidding such marriages was “ ” e e r p aled to the great j oy of all parties . Among the native Irish in Ulste r to whom land was allowed at th e time of the 8 6

th e Plantation , and as part of the Plantation , were follow h i ing , the number of acres allowed eac being also g ven A S N ME . AC RE ’ O N e ile th e h Arte (son of Baron , and half brot er of 2 0 0 0 the Earl of Tyrone) . ’ H enry O N e ale (son of Shane) 1 50 0 ’ Ti l h le e r a O Bo . 2 0 00 g y , g nt

M c Sw n e Ban a h 2 00 0 Donough y ( g ) , gent ’ M c H u h f -e O D o n n ell 1 0 0 0 H ugh g D u f , gent

M u lm o r M c Sw ne - - h 2 000 Sir y y na Doe , knig t ’ Cro ss a h O N eale o f 1 0 0 0 Bryan g (son Sir Cormack) , gent M a u re 2 0 00 B ryan g y , gent ’ M c Sh an e O N eale e 1 0 0 Con , g nt 5 ’ M u lm o rie M H h n n l h l 2 0 0 c u Co a a O R e . 0 g g y, gent ’ M u lm o rie O e O R e lie 0 0 0 g y , gent 3 ’ M u lm o rie M Phili R il e 1 c O e i . 0 0 0 p , Esq ’ O R e lie 1 0 Hugh y , Esq 0 0 ’ N eale 1 1 6 Con B oy O . 0 ’ Tirla h O N eale E s 0 g , q 3 3 3

M c Lau hlin M n e e 6 c Sw . 8 Walter g y , g nt 9 Tirla h 0 0 g Magwire , gent 5

M c K e rn an 0 0 Bryan , gent 4 h h . 0 C ristop er Nugent , gent 4 5

M c Gaw ran 1 0 00 Felim , gent ’ M c H u h O R eil Shane g y, gent 4 7 5 ’ h M c Phili O R eil e 0 0 S ane p y, g nt 9 ’ M r eil M c u lm o ie O R . . 0 0 Owen y, gent 5

Gerald Fleming , Esq 4 75 h . 8 00 Walter , T omas , and Patrick Bradie ’ ’ Bryan O Co ggye O R eily 4 00 M orish M c Tu lly 3 0 0 ’ O Neale 1 0 0 B ryan , gent 5 ’ l 0 B O Bo e . . Honora ourk , or Widow y 4 3 ’ O N eale e 60 Charles , g nt 3

8 8

NAME .

Terence Braddy (or Brady) , gent . M c Patric k M c Can Rorie , gent

M Tirl h r s s il h c a B a a . Cormac g g , gent . Neece Q uin

M c Gilledu ffe H ugh , gent ’ Felim O Q u in ’ eale H ugh O N . ’ O H a an Edmond O ge gg , gent ’ O u in Owen Roe Q , gent

Bartholomew Owen , gent ’ O Co rr Owen , gent ’ O D ev elin Brian , gent ’ La hlen O H a an g g , gent N h M ary y Neal (daug ter of Sir Cormack) . ’ M R o rie D o nn ell c O . Neale Garrow , gent ’ ff n l M H u h D u ffe D n el . c O o . Ca er g , gent

M in c u . Hugh B oy Q , gent M u in c . D onell Q , gent

M c Sw n e M c Sw e en e . Hugh Boy y ( y) , gent

M c Cre e Patrick Crone , gent

M c Gill atrick e Owen p , g nt Grany Ny D onnell ’ Cormack O Cass ida gent . h Donoug Oge Maguire , gent

Felim . Oge Magwire , gent

Gill atric k . Redmond p Magwire , gent

M c H u h Shane g , gent

M c D o n a h . D onough Oge g y Magwire , gent

B ryan O ge Magwire , gent

Rorie Magwire , gent

Tirlo h e g M oyl Magwire , gent

M c D o n ell e Patrick , g nt

M c En abb Shane , gent 8 9

NAME . H h M c u . Patrick g Magwire , gent

’ ‘ O Co rco ran Bryan , gent

M r n M h n e c B a c S a . Edmund y , gent

Felim D u ffe M c Brie n , gent

M c M u lro n v M c D o n ell e Bryan ( ) , g nt .

John Magwire , gent . .

M c Arte Donell Groome , gent ’ O Flan e an H ugh g , gent

M c H u h Cormac O ge g , gent

C o rm o c k M c o llo C . Magwire , gent

M c VVo rrin Connell , gent ’ M o rierta h O Flan e an g g , gent Th omas Bradd y (B rady) ’ M h n die c S a e O Bra . C onnor Roe , gent

Beta h H enry g (B eatty) , gent ’ h Re il O . P ilip and Shane y, brothers ’ H ugh Roe M c Sh an e O R eily H ugh M c Glasn ey gent

Barnaby Reily , gent

Richard M agwire , gent ’ M c D n ell k n l n o O S a a . Shane Ballagh , and Brian

M c D o n o u h Rorie g Magwire , and Patrick B allagh

Magwire , gents

Tirla h M er a h Felim D u ffe g g g Magwire , and M c

Rorie Magwire , gents Thomas M cJam es M c D u n Magwire

M c am e s M e D u n Bryan J Magwire .

M c am es M c D u n Hugh J M agwire .

M cTirla h M c D o n ell Connor g ( ) , gent . . James Sh e ale (or Shiel) ’ M c M an u s O H an lo n Patrick , and Ardell M oore ’ O M u lc h rew e

’

O H a an . B rian O ge g , gent 9C)

INA NHL

’ Ardill M c Felim O H an lo n , gent

Henry O Neale , gent D o n ill M c Sh an e (surnamed Mallatu s ’

M c D o n n ell O N eale . Hugh , gent

rm k m e Co o c M c N e e . , gent ’ Tirl M ri le a h O e c B an O N ea t . g g , gen ’ R e O Go rm le e ori y, g nt ’ O D ev in Jenkin , gent ’ O N eale Henry Oge , gent ’ N e le O a Ro e . B ryan , and N eal ’ M c R o w ie O N eale Art , gent ’ O H a an Hugh Groome g , gent ’ M c Arte O N eale Arte , gent

M Am all n c a . Felim , gent ’ h M D n ell n n il c o O D o . S ane Groome y, gent ’ h O N eale e S ane Roe , g nt ’ Tirl h a O Go rm ele . g O ge v , gent

M c Caw e ll Hugh , gent ’ h M c H u h M r h N le e a O ea . Hug g g g , gent

M c D o n n ell Randal , gent ’ Felim M u lc rev e e O ge O , g nt ’ FardO i a h M c Brian ai ra h N eale C O . g g , gent ’ M c Tirla h O N eale Con g , gent ’ M c H u h M c Ader n D n ill a O o y . Shane g y , gent ’ O H a an Owen g , gent ’ O D o nill Caragh y, gent ’ Fardo ra h M c Cahir M allen O . g , gent ’ M c Lau hlin D o n n il O . Shane g y, gent ’ M Edm n c o d O H a an . Teig O ge g , gent ’

O u in ” Neale O , agent ’ Felim e Bov O Haggan , g nt . ’ ’ O M u lc hallan e O M u lh o llan d H ugh Groome (or ) , gent 91

NAME . ’ Fardo ra h O H a an e g gg , g nt

M c Gu n c h en an e James , g nt Manus M c N eale M c Sw yn e (M c Sw e en ey) ’ Farro ll M c H u h alc h o r g O G gent . Donnell Groome M c Arte

M c Co rm o c k Donell , gent

Co c on a ht M c H u h g g , gen t

M c H u h t Donough O ge g , gen

M cAw l en Felim y, g t

M c Ro rie . Donough (Magwire) , gent

h M c D ev itt S ane , gent

h Ev arr S ane Magwire , gent Brian M c Fe lim Roe M c D o n n e ll ’ lc Shane M c Tirlo gh O Nea . ’ ale H ugh M c Carbe ry O N e .

M u lm o r M c D o n ell . y , gent ’ M c Tirla h O N eale Arte g , gent ’ M cTirla h O N eale Neale g , gent ’ Eugene Valley (Owen Ballagh) O Ne yle ’ ill Felim M cTirlagh Bras s elagh O Ne . ’ Donnell M c H en ry O N eile ’ n ll Edmond O ge O D o n e y . ’ M Ti l h ale Hugh c r ag O N e . ’ Art M cTirlagh O N eale . ’ Henry M c Tirlagh O N eale ’ Murtagh O D o w gan Owen M odder M c Sw in e Owen M c M o rph y ’ D n D onell O ev e ey . 1 000 ’ ren Donough O Se . Calv agh M c Bryan Roe M c Sw in e

n e Neal M c Sw i . 92

S NAME . AC RE ’ ’ D onnell Ballac h O Galc h o r (O Gallagh er) D o w ltagh M c D o n n ell Ballac h ’ Edmond B oy O Bo yle ’ ’ Tirla h Bo le l O O Bo e . g O ge y , I rrel y ’ Cah ir M c M alc av o w (O Bo yle) Shane M c Tirlagh

D o w lata h M c Gilldu ffe g , Farrell ’ M c Tirlagh Oge Loy O Cleary ’ and Shane O Cleary

M c O w en M c w en Ede ann Owen Oge , and Owen O g y Owen M c Co co naght Maguire

M cAde an Rorie g y Magwire , . ’ O M u ldo o n Donnell Oge .

M c Can 80 D onel , gent . ’ Redmond M c Ferdo ragh O H anlo n 60 Edmond Groome M c D o n ell 80 Alexander O ge M c D o n ell 83 ’ M ela hlin N ale e 60 O e . Brian , son of g , son of Arte , g nt

Tirla h M Tirla h Bra s ela h 60 c s . g O ge g g , gent H ugh M c Brian M c Can 80

o rm o c k M c r n 6 C B a . y Magwire , gent 9

M elo hlin M c C- 0 g O ge orr , gent 5

h Bo y 6 H ug Magwire , gent 9

M c H u h 0 Patrick g , gent 5 60 an d . Garrett John Magwire , gents

h M a au ran Donoug g , gent 7 5 0 Richard Fitzsimons . 5 0 Thomas M cJam es B an e gent . 5 ’ M el ll O o tu . Shane Bane y (or Flood) , gent

h Th e Man y ot ers were granted smaller tracts . law

“ t o provided that Th e above grantee s [were! hold for ever , as th e e of Castle of Dublin , in common socage , and subj ct ” to th e Conditions of the Plantation of Ulster . 93

his s Continuing , M r . Murray in article tates that many of th e se Irish grante es were of th e noblest and most ancient , th e blood in Ireland . In addition to foregoin g and other

Irish for whom land was set aside in Ulster , thousands of others remain ed in th e Plantation as laborers and in similar

e h umble capaciti s . Their presence was essential even to th e E n glish and Scottish settlers w h o needed strong arms to till th eir vast estates . Nor were the Irish grantees of e th e states segregated in , or confined to , certain of counties of the Plantation , as is frequently supposed . On the con trar th e y, they are found in about every county of Planta ’ 2 0 0 0 N eile e tion . Thus the acres set aside to Arte O wer

1 00 M c Sh an e in Armagh , as were the 5 set aside to Henry ’ ’ N l e e o ff Tirla h l O ea e . The 3 3 3 0 acr s mark d for g O N ea e

e Th e 2 000 w re in T y rone . acres held by D onough Mc ’ w n e M a u re s 2 0 0 0 S y e w re in D onegal . B ryan g y acres ’ Felim M c a ran s 1 0 0 0 were in F e rmanagh . G w were in

2 0 M u lm ri M H h Cavan . The 0 0 acres assigned o e c u g ’ ’ ’ Co nn ala h O Re l M u lm o rie O R e lie s 0 00 g y, and O ge y 3 were also in Cavan , and so on . “ As for the Irish who were not officially rated as knights e or g ntlemen , or who were not grantees of large estates , they were probably found in every county , vale and dis

e e ee h tri t , ven in those that had b n granted to the Englis h and Scottish planters . In some of these latter districts t e y h e b may ave qualled, so far as num ers went , the new comers . “ ‘ Reid in his History of the Presbyte rian Church in ’ Ireland declares that the theory , frequently held , that the Plantation of Ulster dispossessed and displaced the entire native population of Ulster is a decided exaggeration . H e also declar e s that the maj ority of the Plantation ten e nts of

h e h the Britis und rtakers or colonists were Iris , the original h in abitants of Ulster . The idea sometimes entertained by a certain class of 94

‘ ’ — the e Scotch I rish writers , in United Stat s , that Ulster of the Plantation was peopled exclusively by Scots is ridiculous and not in accordance with the facts , as this article easily h shows . Of the Scots who did settle in Ulster at t at period h f t e . not all of them , by any means , came rom Lowlands

h e Argyle and ot r Highland districts furnished many , as h writers well informed on the subj ect have s own . For so

e many c nturies , even before the Plantation , did people mi f grate rom the Scottish Highlands to Ulster , that the amount of Highland blood in the north ern Irish province

- h to day must be far greater than t at of Lowland derivation , but s o thoroughly mixed and assimilated h ave become th e h h Scandinavian , Englis , Scotch , Frenc , Dutch , old Irish

e and other lements in Ulster , that to attempt to intelligently analyze and classify th e exact proportion of each would b e a h opeless task . In a paper on “ Certain Scottish Name s D erived from

Irish On es , Mr . T . H . Murray , whom we h ave just quoted , gives u s much very in teresting data relative to surn ames th in Ireland and S cotland . In e course of hi s pap er h e inciden tally present s the following significant list

’

O N ill M ac N e ill. e ,

’

ff M ac D u ff. O D u , ’ K n M ac an . O K e a , e ’ M K O K en n ac e nn . y, y ’

O L an e M ac L an e .

’

L an M ac Le an . O e ,

’

D u ffie M ac D u ffi e . O ,

’

O K an e M ac K an e . , ’ i h l M ac N c o . O Nichol , ’ M D l ac o n a d. O Don ald , ’ M D nn ll D nn ll ac o e . O o e ,

’

O Co nn e ll . , MacConn ell

96

M acArdle s M ac D o u alds M ac D o u alls Allisters , , g , g , M ac

M acV e a h s M ac D o n alds M ac D o n n ells th e Dowells , g , and of

H bridi s M ac Cabe s e e , ,

M ac ilm o re s M ac K e nn as M ac M ah o n s M ac Can n s G , , , , Ma

guires , Boylan s , Cassidys , Keenan s , Connollys , Magees , ’ ’ ’ Carro lls O Flan a an s O H an lo n s O , g , and many others of

no te . An important fact not known to advocates of th e

‘ ’ h - h Scotc Iris cult or , if known , seldom or never remem

: bered by them , is this that of the people who came to th e Ulster from Scotland at time of the Plantation , all were ‘ ’ h b . y no means Scots , pure or otherwise Especially is t is

h o h e true of the colonists w were from t Lowlands . The composite and shifting character of the population of th at

th e part of Scotland at period mentioned is well known . Reid in h is h istory o f th e Irish Presbyterian church says of th e people who settled in Ulster at the period of the Plan tatio n , including those from Scotland , that they were of

’ ’ dz e re n t na m es n a z o ns ( Zia /ee s te m e rs r i l b ee din . j , , , p , g This

h e s is a very imp ortant point and s ould be remembered , p e c ially by th ose who talk so in c es s en tly of th eir alleged ‘ ’ ‘ h fe . fi nd pure Scotc origin Some of them , we ar , would it as difficult to prove that they h ave any Scotch blood in their veins as to disprove that th ey h ave in their makeup a large h amount of old Iris blood .

O H ER E E! R E AN T SPL N DI D P SSI O N O F FA CTS .

A syndicated article published in several leading Ameri

a a can papers few ye rs since , in speaking of the Plantation of Ulster , says “ Some tracts were settled entir e ly with English and

h e e e h Scotch , ot rs with nt rprising Iris , but still more with a mixture of the two . Each race supplied wh at the other I f an lacked . y one had said in 1 692 that a Brit 97 ish parliam ent could succeed in exiling Protestant Irish and perhaps an equal number of Cath olic I rish in such a way as to make them fight side by side with Catholic Frenchmen and non - sectarian colonists against the United

h e e e . Kingdom , he would ave b en d nounc d as a fool The wise men would have told him that l e gislative folly might s do wonders , but it could not work miracle . Yet that is just what parliament accomplish ed for scarcely was th e ink dry on th e treaty of Limerick (which provided th at Cath o ‘ lic s sh ould enj oy in Ireland such rights as th e y h ad en j oyed in th e r e ign of Charles when it was violated by a h series of laws t at now make honest Englishmen blush . It

h e is needless to repeat t black details . Says one British ‘ writer : Th e laws w e re so many and so atrocious that an Irishman could scarcely draw a full breath with out breaking ’ a law . “ A t the same time they [the governm ent! fell upon the e th e e Pr sbyterians of north , declaring all th ir marriages illegal and arresting ministers for ‘living in adultery ’—with th e ir own wives ! On top of this came statutes forbidding Cath olic or Protestant to manufacture or export to any h Th e l other country t an England . result was a genera ‘ ’ h — e flig t of the bravest and best the wild ge se , as they were called , from the south to France and Spain (where such ’ ’ O D o n o u O D o n n el M ac M ah o n names as j , and still attest h th e m en t eir talents and valor) , and of the north to New h England and Pennsylvania , w ere such local names as B h Antrim and D erry , Sligo , Tyrone and elfast s ow the origin of their families . “ Later there was a combin e d mov e ment of Celt and

h e Saxon Irishman , Cat olic , Quak r and Presbyterian , to South Carolina ; and of all colonies s e nt out by the prolific

th e isle this probably contained largest proportion of talent , e courage and persistent en rgy . At any rate it may chal 98

lenge comparison with any other . It is scarcely possible to make a list of th e names of th e emigrants to South Caro lina in 1 750 - 70 without its seeming to be a partial list of ’ ’ — O K e ll America s eminent patriots Jackson , Calhoun , y,

M c D u ffi e M c K em , Polk , Crockett , H ouston , Adair , y, M c ’ ’ VVh o rter Farrell r d M ir h O O G a c Na . , , y, y All t ese are of I rish extraction and still (some of them Americanized by dropping the O or Mac) adorn the ann al s of their states or the nation . “ In 1 765a shipload of emigrants left Carrickfergus fo r f Charleston , and it is claimed that every amily in it has

e e sinc been r presented , and some of them many times , in th h h An the congress of e United States . On t is s ip were

e drew Jackson , his wife and two sons , and two years aft r their location at the Waxhaw settlements , and after the ’ h e father s death , was born a t ird son , named for his fath r , h ” who was destined to humble B ritis pride at New Orleans .

’ “ CULL EN S STO RY O F T H E I R I S H I N BO STO N .

’ “ th e Cullen s Story of Irish in B oston , touching upon ” the misnomer Scotch - I rish and referring to early Protest “ in : ant Irish B oston , says Perhaps the most significant thing in this connection appears in the organization of the

Charitable Irish Society . Without the slightest equivoca ‘ h ’ tion they describe themselves as of the Iris nation , and ’ to make the matter plainer , select St . Patrick s day as the h ’ time of starting t eir work . A Scots Charitable Society

e had been in xistence some sixty years , and was then in a h if h flouris ing condition ; so they were Scotc men , they had _ h no need to call themselves Iris men , and leave it for mod ” h e ern historians to undo t ir work . The Charitable Irish Society of which Cullen speaks 1 1 was founded on March 7 , 73 7 , by Irish Protestants and is f still in e xistence . Its preamble read as ollows

Presid ent Eliot informs us in an explanatory l ett er

‘ that the distinction between th e Scotch - Irish and the Irish — is very important , the Scotch Irish being mainly Protestant , ’ < h JTh is h h . and t e Iris proper being mainly Cat olic , of h o f h m ain lv course , means t at Protestants Iris birth are

- h Scotch Irish . How much trut is contained in this state ment ? Th e province of Ulst er included among its po pu la tion o f two to three h undred years ago many people of

e en ealo i Scottish birth , and bearing surnames r garded by g g cally illiterate p e ople of today as being distinctively Scotch h in origin . But alt ough these immigrants were almost to

h et e en ealo a man adherents of the Protestant fait , y C ltic g gists know perfectly well that in the great maj ority of cases

they were descendant s of Irish septs and tri b es , who h ad gone in successive waves of emigration to th e Highlan d s

of Scotland . “ Wh o can doubt the I rish pat ernity of a race which in

c lu de s th e names o f . M ac N e ill M ac Rae (M c

h M ac D o nald M ac I n n e s M c Gu in n es s Grat ) , ( ) ,

M ac L en n an M c Clen a h an M ac Kin le M c Ginle ( g ) , y ( y) , Mac ? Brien etc . , etc . These men might have modi fi ed h h t eir views on t eological matters , but that fact did not effect any change in their Celtic nationality ; they were of precisely the same stock and spoke practically the same

h e language as t eir Catholic brethr n in Ireland . Further ,

h - h in many cases t ey married native born Iris wives , as their

re Norman and Saxon congeners had done before them , vivifying the old nationality and b e coming in th eir sturdy descendants as Irish as th e most exacting Hibernian could possibly desire . How does Pr e sident Eliot de fine the large number of Englishmen descended from the conquering n ? h Norman , and beari g anglicized names D oes e (or any body else) always insist upon th e ir bein g dubbed French ? e in English How would Pr sident Eliot classify , for

, th e stance our own Canadian statesmen , Blakes , Baldwins , I O I

’ ? O Brien s M c Carth s h Sullivans , , Davins , y or the Smit ’ O Brien s w e , and Lord Ed ard Fitzg ralds of days gone by h h th e . in I reland , and t ese are names of Protestant I ris men ‘ Would President Eliot term th es e men Scotch - Irish It seems to me th at if th e Harvard g entleman wishes to describe racially the maj ority of the Protestant settlers of Ulster h e will come fairly near the mark by designating

‘ ’ h h — - h h t em as Iris Scotch I ris , but so far as I know , alt ough Irish - Protestants m ay at times differ with th eir Catholic f - y et h e e ellow countrymen , t y are content to b e term d

‘ ’ ‘ ’ h h - h e Iris , or still better , I ris Iris , as they hav quite enough to answer for w ith out being arraign ed befor e th e world as

‘ ’ - Scotch Irish .

FR O M A N EW H A M PS H I R E TO WN .

H on . James F . B rennan , of Peterborough , N . H . one

e d th e of the Stat Library Commissioners , in an ad ress at th e 1 0 th h celebration of 5 anniversary of Peterboroug , Oct . “ 2 1 88 : h h h 4 , 9, said In w at I ave to say I s all not —refer to the comparatively mod e rn generation of Irishmen M ur

e h — phy , B rennan , H amill , Noon , and scores of ot ers and

e w h o h th ir descendants , have elped to build up this town , and whos e history should be l e ft for a resume o f fifty years

h y hence , but to t ose earl settlers who came across the ocean , an d w h o their descendants ; men risked all , even life itself , h to make this spot a fit place for the abode of men . T ey h were composed in a very small part of Scotchmen , Englis

h th e men and ot er nationalities , but essential part of the h pioneers of our town , in fact nearly all of them , were Iris

, e e men for I assume that wher men w re born in Ireland , as t e e , e h y wer where many of their fathers , p rhaps , also , some

h w of t eir grandfathers were born , they ere men who can u n u alifi edl h q y be called I ris men . “ h Adopt any ot er standard and a large part of the in habitants of Irelan d at the time they emigrated w ould not 1 0 2

“ few h be considered I rishmen , and probably persons in t is

- town to day would be considered Americans . The Scotch f h men w h o came to Ireland , and rom w om some of the d pione ers of this town trace their ancestry , lan ed on that 1 6 1 0 Emerald Isle , as our town history records it , in , more than a ce ntury before th eir de sce ndants cam e to th e this country . They were indeed Irishmen to

manor born , with all the traits , impulses and characteristics h his h t e . . of t at people , having , as Rev Dr M orison said in ‘ h centennial address , the comic umor and pathos of the ’ h ‘ Irish , and to their severe c aracter and habits another

comforter came in , of Irish parentage ; the long countenance h h . became s ort , the broad Irish umor began to rise “ Th us we see that th ere are co mparatively few persons

to - th e in town day , with exception of recent comers , who h ave not coursing in th eir veins the blood of those sturd y

h e w h o h b Iris m n made t is town what it is , whose odies have

th e th e h long sinc e returned to clay in old cemetery on ill ,

an d whose history is th e history of the town itself . Long may th eir memory be ch erish ed ! Long may the pride which exists in such ancestry be r etained ! They were

h th e brave , onest , manl y men , who broke down barriers

e that civilization might ent r . Their lot was a life of hard

h e f s ip ; it is ours to nj o y the fruits o their work . “ d Not only the privations of this col , uninviting coun

e f e e m et try were th irs to su f r , but intol rance and bigotry them at th e threshold of the country to which they were R ev . hi about to bring a blessing . . Dr M orison in s cen ten n ial w h e th e h VVilso n s address , said that n Smit s , , Littles ‘ h and others arrived , it was noised about t at a pack of I rish ’ h . w men had landed T ey ere denied even lodgings . M r .

VVin s hi w h o e w to h p , of Lexington , extend d a elcome t em , ‘ h h e however , said , If t is ouse r ached from here to Charles fi n d h h town , and I could suc Irish as t ese , I would have it ’ s filled up with Irish , and none but Iri h .

0 4

u - - e is p to date , the binding is xcellent , but that is about the m h li it of the value of t e production . Fine typography and h excellent binding do not make history , though t ey have

e been and , we pr sume , will continue to be , utilized to per

vert it .

y . Consciously or unconsciousl , Mr Hanna deals a se “ ” - h th e vere blow at the Scotch Irish cult , and t is is one of few points outside the printing and binding th at entitle th e h r “ work to any serious attention . T us decla es M r . Hanna

' Th e - h term Scotch Iris is peculiarly American . Th e name w as not u sed by th e first o f th ese emi

h w as it e a h th e grants , neit er g ner lly applied to t em by peo h ple w om they met here . They usually called themselves

th e h h Scotch , j ust as descendants of t eir former neig bors in

h - nort ern Ireland do to day . The Quakers and

Puritans generally spoke of them as the Irish , and during the Revolutionary period we find a large and influential body of th ese p e ople j oined togeth er at Ph ilad elphia in the formation of a patriotic association to wh ich th ey gave the ‘ distinctively Irish title of Th e Society of th e Friendly Sons f ? ’ p St Patrick .

C . ommenting on the above extract from the work , Mr “ f th e h : Martin I . J . Gri fin , P iladelphia editor , says So the h istorian of th ese p e ople really tells us that th ere is no s - uch a people as th e Scotch I rish . It is a hard fact to get over that these people whose immigration began in large

f 1 1 8 n o t th e numbers a ter , say 7 , did use name nor did any o n e h h else in speaking of t e m . I know t ey are alwa y s ‘ ’ spoken of as Irish in all arrival r e turns and such like pa

e h pers and documents relating to the newcom rs . T ey did

‘ n ot th e h - h l h use term Scotc Iris , he tells us , but cal ed t em ’ ’ h e selves Scotch . I aven t been among th ir records , and so h e cannot question t is latter point , but wer they not a queer people to allow th emselves in all public statements to be 1 0 5

‘ ' ‘ ’ called Irish wh en they counted th ems elves Scotch and

‘ ’ h b h h e e ? ated to e called Iris , as M r . Hanna elsew re t lls us ‘ ’ h e t h h h . T ey called t emselves Scotc , says M r Hanna , y w en

‘ th ey form e d a patriotic association th ey took th e dis tin c

tiv ely Irish title of Th e Society of the Friendly Sons of St . ’ h ! Patrick . W at a strange people

f : . Continuing , M r . Gri fin remarks M r Hanna says ‘ ‘ on the first page of his work : The appellation Scotch ’ — I rish is not an indication of a mix e d H iberno Scottish de I t scent . was first appropriated as a distinctive race name

e th e th e by , and is now g nerally applied to , descendants of ’ h - h early Scotc Presbyterian emigrants from Ireland . T at ‘ ’ ‘ h Th e h word appropriated is well c osen . term Scotc ’ Irisli was first applied in Pennsylvania as a t e rm of op

r ri - I h p o b u m or contempt fo r a low graded class . ave found

1 e it as early as 7 57 . M r . Hanna cit s examples of its use in

1 6 Th e that w ay in 1 763 . I have found it as late as 79 .

Penn sy l fact really appears to be , as far as this locality (

f re vania) is concerned , that when spoken of o ficially or in ‘ ’ h e h spect t ese p ople were called Iris , but when one needed ” to speak in contemptuous terms h e said of such as h e de ‘ ’ a - — h i s sired to pply it to , that they were Scotch Irish t at ,

e 1 6 a low class . So Gen ral Lee applied it in 77 , and so I find it in 1 757 when an all e ge d Popish plot was reported to

e England as existing in P nns y lvania . Little credence was

given the information , and in attempting to discover who

' ay e it e h o n e g , it was susp cted t at it was some of no account ‘ ’ ’ — h - h h h o w some Scotc Iris man . So t at s the term orig ” inated in this locality .

f e : Again M r . Gri fin observ s Some of these people

‘i l I h — h —e ater , and suspect w en the Irish the Cat olic migra i 8 o — h tion became great , say from 3 sought to distinguis ‘ ’ th e e themselves from Catholic Irish , simply appropriat d ‘ ’ h — e by h e t e term Scotch Irish . They have k pt it and t ir 1 0 6

f race pride and persistence in claiming , as well as in act ,

Th e : have fixed the term to simply mean Protestant Irish . ‘ ’ h th e Catholics are the Iris , j ust the name others took when

h M r. . they formed an association . T ey were once willing , h Hanna shows , to proclaim themselves I RI SH ! But w at a deplorabl e r evelation it is to all of us real I fish w h o have o f been boasting about the Friendly Sons of St . Patrick

. Philadelphia w hen Mr . Hanna takes the roll ‘ s ev en th e brav e and allows but of members , all and active ’ e h s patriots , he conc des , to be I ris , with probably five other

h e th e e h e be who may av been . All oth rs counts as his ‘ ’ ’ - h e v er . loved Scotch Iris . Weren t th y y generous to call

‘ ’ th e society Irish when not over a doze n w ere really so ?

‘ ’ h e I f they called themselves Scotc , as Mr . Hanna assur s us , ’ h h why didn t t ey j oin the T istle Society , then existing many h years , composed of Scotc men who were publicly known as th e ? Scotch , and proud of name , too Irish was a name of ‘ h - h credit . So was Scotc . B ut to call a man a Scotch Iris ’ him r Th e man was really to bran d as of low cha acter .

th e Scotch were not , in Revolutionary period , held in high e n stimation . The origi al draft of the D eclaration of Inde ‘ ’ pen den c e spoke o f the Scotch mercenaries coming as an army. This was stricken out in deference to Dr . Wither spoon . ’ e Mr . Hanna s bald assertion that the people now dubb d ” “ ” Scotch - Irish usually called themselves Scotch is the

e e she rest nonsense . His assertion that the same el ment in “ ” - e e Ireland to day calls its lf Scotch is still m ore nons nsical , if that were possible , than the other . M r . Hanna should h e e ave greater regard for the int llig nce of his readers . Thousands of the descendants of Irish Pr e sbyterians w h o

e e re came her in Colonial days do not now , and n ver have , “ ” “ ” fe e h— rred to th mselves as e ither Scotch or Scotc Irish . They would very quickly repudiate both terms if applied to

1 0 8

or why the French , Spaniards , and Italians should not be h h e . called Iris men , since all are in r ligion Catholics Suc ’ primary school logic is good as far as it goes ; b ut it doesn t

far e . go , even in P nnsylvania , Tennessee , or Canobie Lake “ A c e rtain oth er class of writers h as been exploiting

‘ ’ th e — e Anglo Saxon race , ascribing to it virtu s and attributes

- almost divine . B ut as Anglo Saxonism has in the end

e proved to be mer ly John Bullism , sensible people have turned th e mythical animal over to after - dinner speak ers

Th e o f th e - and emotional parsons . passing Anglo Saxon , h e h h ow ver , has left an ac ing void in the earts and emotions ‘ ’ of certain people w h o w anted a race of th eir own to brag ’ h h n - about . T ey wouldn t ave the A glo Saxon at any price ; th ey w ere not Germans or French or Italians or Spanish ;

s h of th e h h h th e h they fought y Scotc ; t ey s rieked at Iris , and th ey apparently did not understand that the term Ameri h can was good e nough for anybody . In this ysterical crisis

h h h th e h - h t ey invented t at et nical absurdity , Scotc Iris man ,

n d h - h h h h - h a . t e e Scotc Iris race Just w at Scotc Iris rac is ,

th e - h h e h f h who Scotch Iris are , w re t ey come rom , w at the y look like , where their habitat is , are questions that no fellow seem s able to answer . “ Perhaps the man who comes nearest to supplying this a h ching void , and telling us who and what t is marvellous ,

h h M I n . h . ac to s et nic paragon is , is the Rev Jo n S , of Phila

‘ h is e delphia , in highly entertaining monograph styl d , The ’ th e n Making of Ulsterma . Let us in a grave and reverent ’ spirit examine th is gentleman s mast e rpiec e of imaginative literature . “ He opens his wonderful story with a meeting in A n — o f a h an trim , I reland , three men Lowlander (Scotc ) , Uls

h h h e terman (Iris ) , and himself (an A merican) , w om calls a h— h Scotc Irishman , t ough born on the banks of th e Sc h u yl

. a e kill H e remarks feelingly , fter pres nting them to th e 1 0 9

‘ ’ r eader : There we were , a very evolution in history . h— The y were , in fact , the three Scotc Irish musketeers ; and ‘ e th e h th er they sat , looking out over Iris waters toward th e th e hungry Lowlands of Scotland , pitying world ,

h h e h o w scratc ing their ads thoughtfully , only remembering

th e e they had made United Stat s , without letting anybody

find it out . They talked , figured each other out , and said ,

th e n - e h like big , braw y , red l gged H ighlanders t ey were not ‘ ? ’ Are we not th e splendid men entirely “ M ac I n to sh e e his Dr . now proc ds to mix three muske teers in order to pull th e Simon - pure Sc o tc h ~ I rish m an out f h . of t e shu fle Let us follow him slowly , without mirth , if

e possibl . “ The first elem ent in the Scotch - Irishman is th e Low h land Scotchman . B e sure and get the real article ; not in g

w e else ill do . Has it ev r occurred to you what a remark ? able man the Lowlander is Probably not . Y ou have had you r eye on the Highlander as the finest fruit of Scot land ; but that is all romance and Walter Scott . The Low land e r is the man ; whether h e be a hollow - chested Paisley

e e - w av r , a penny scraping Glasgow huckster , or a black

- e browed Border cattle thi f . “ th e M ac I n to sh ? Now , who was Lowlander of He

a was a mixture of Scot , Pict , Norseman , Saxon , Friesi n ,

Briton , Erse , Norman , and possibly a score of other things . The same mixture in dogs produces th e nobl e breed we call n a mo grel .

“ ‘ ’ e Motley , in his Rise of the D utch R public , says in effect that the r e ligious wars of Protestant and

h e Cat olic , and the pers cutions growing out of th em of th e

- ever increasing sectaries , drove shoals of artisans from Ger

’ n h man y , Holla d , and France to England . Elizabet of

England had troubles of her own , and while she quarrelled

th e e sh e ' with Pope and disputed his h adship , was j ealousl y I I O

h insistent of her own leaders ip of her State Church , and had no use for th e pugnacious sectaries from across the

h e h . t Channel In time , owing to Englis j ealousy of foreign ’ ers f h and rival manu acturers , and the Q ueen s ab orrence of

- rivals against divinely selected kings , Elizabeth shut down

on the refugees and refused them asylum . Scotland , then h in the t roes of religious squabbles , gave them h a welcome as kindred spirits . When other days came , w en ’ h e th e o th erin ay Mary s ead had roll d from block at F g ,

h er when wretched son was enthroned , the foreign element

found Scotland a poor land to live in . The settlement of h h h Ulster gave them t eir c ance , and they flocked t ere with Scotchmen and English men to settle down and intermarry an d h h become , as all before t em had become , in t at Irish ” crucible , Irish .

R EL I G I O N N O T EST O F R AC E. f h D . t . e James Je frey Roche , LL , editor of B oston

e n Pilot , r plying to an article by H e ry Cabot Lodge , says in “ ’ 2 M r 1 8 . the Pilot , July 9, 9 , Of course , if we accept Lodge s

h h th e definition , t at an Iris man of P rotestant religion is not an I rishman , but a Scotchman , more particularly if he be an ’ Englishman by descent , M r . Lodge s case is proven , even though his own witnesses otherwise contradict him ; and equally , of course , a Catholic Irishman becomes a Scotch h o r . man vice versa , by simply c anging his religion In his anxiety to make a point against Catholics by ‘ ’ - h r e r M . xtolling the F ench H uguenots and Scotch I ris , e Lodge forgets common sense , and what is worse , forg ts common honesty . When he comes to claim especial glory fo r his own section of the country , he gives away his whole ‘ case by saying : Th e criticism that birthplace should not be the test fo r the classification by communities seems hard ’ e lv to require an answ r , for a moment s reflection ought to

1 1 2

It has always be en a matter of astonish ment to me that ‘ ’ persons w h o ring th e ch anges on the Scotch - Irish display such a superficial knowledge of the plantation of Ulster and

th e th e e of composition of p ople of that province . One would think that before h olding forth as exponents of th e

h . doctrine , t ey would first solidly inform themselves as to th e conditions of the period and place in question .

th e h We of old Iris race draw no invidious distinctions , but receive into broth erhood all born on Irish soil or of Irish

e h h r par nts , regardless of creed and no matter w ere t ei — h grandfather or great grandfather may ave come from .

Why anybody of Irish birth o r desc e nt sh ould try to sink his glorious h eritage and s e ek to establish h ims e lf as ‘ ’

h h h h r. h d Scotc rat er t an Irish , or rat e why anybody s oul

f r h f o . try to do it him , is somet in g di ficult to understand Ireland possesses a more anci ent civilization than e ith er h Scotland or England . Her agiology , her educational in stitu tio n s h er h e r o f u ris ru d , old nobility , code laws , her j p ‘ ’ e Th e . e nce , are of much great r antiquity Irish , declares ‘ i Collins , colon zed Scotland , gave to it a name , a literature h n and a language . gave it a undred ki gs , and gave it Chris ’ e h s e e tianity . For additional evid nce on t is point , Knight , h L Lingard , C ambers , ecky , Venerable; Bede , Buckle , Pink e Th e bau d e th e rton , Logan . , Sir H nry Maine , Freeman ,

a Century Dictionary of N mes and other authorities . “ Any writer who h onestly aims to give any section of Irish s ettlers in this country a d e s erved meed of praise shall

e always have my r spect and encouragement . It is only h when Iris are claimed as of Scotch descent who are not , or h h h e e w o . w en exclusive m rit is claim d for t ose are , I obj ect It is a fact that th ousands o f north of Ireland Cath olics are h of Scottish d e scent on one side or the ot e r . It is also true h th e t at man y of best friends of Irish nationality , autonom y 1 1 3

e e e and ind p ndence have b en of the same element , Protest ‘ h ’ . e ant and Catholic B ut they w re simply Iris , look you . They weighted down th e ir birthright with no extenuating h prefix or palliating affix . It is a blunder to suppose t at all ‘ th e Irish settl e rs in New Hampsh ire were of Scottish de ’ scent . Many of the most prominent who located th ere

e e w re not . Yet b cause some were , hasty writers have

e h j ump d to the conclusion t at all were of Scotch ancestry . f A more lamentable error it would be di ficult to fall into . “ ’ 1 In 766 St . Patrick s Lodge of Masons was instituted lm n o sto w Y . n h at J , N . , bei g the first lodge organized in t at n Provi ce west of the H udson river . The first master of the lodge was an Irishman , Sir William Johnson , a native of ’

e . . 1 80 . the County M ath On St Patrick s Day , 7 , a St ’ Patrick s Lodge of Masons was instituted for Portsmouth , ’ e e N . H . Lat r we find Stark s rang rs requesting an extra supply of grog so as to properly observe th e anniversary of ‘ ’ e h - St . Patrick . V ry little comfort here for your Scotc Irish

e th orist . “ The M assachusetts colonial records repeatedly men ‘ ’ - h th e . tion Irish , not the Scotch Iris Cotton M ather in a ‘ sermon in 1 70 0 says : At length it was proposed that a colony of I rish might be sent over to check the growth of ’ Th e r . this c o u nt ey. No prefix there party of immigrants h M e h e remaining at Falmout , , over winter and whic lat r

o . H . w e e settled at Lond nderry , N , re allud d to in the records ‘ h ’ ’ ‘ of th e g eneral court as poor Iris . Marmion s Maritim e ’ ‘ ’ Ports of Ireland stat e s th at Irish families s ettled London ‘ derry , N . H . Spencer declares that the manufacture o f linen was considerably increas e d by the coming of Irish ’ ‘ 1 2 immigrants . In 7 3 , says Condon , a colony of Irish ’ H o f . . s ettled in Maine . M oore , in his sketch Concord , N , pays tribute to the ‘ Irish settlers ’ in that section of New ‘ M c Gee h England . speaks of the Iris settlement of B el 1 1 4

’ ‘ fast , M e . The same author likewise declares that Irish ’ at families also settled early Palmer and Worcester , Mass . a 1 1 Cullen describes the arriv l at B oston in 7 7 of Capt . ‘ ’ Robert Temple , with a number of Irish Protestants . Capt . 1 0 h Temple was , in 74 , elected to the C aritable Irish Society . In another place Cullen alludes to ‘the Irish spinners and weavers who landed in B oston in the earlier part of the i 8th ’ century . “ The B oston Charitable Irish Society was instituted ’ 1 on St . Patrick s Day , 73 7 . The founders were all Protest ‘ " n ants and described themselves as of the I rish natio : Rev . B n John M oorhead , a Presbyterian minister of osto , was born in the north of Ireland and received much o f his edu in d cation Scotland . Yet he wished to be regar ed as mere ‘ ’ h 1 . e Irish In proof of this j oined the society in 73 9, and made an address on that occasion . Only men of Irish birth o r extraction could b e admitted to active membership in ad the society then as now . Mr . M oorhead in being thus m it ted so acknowledged himself . His congregation is de b ‘ scribed y Drake , Condon , Cullen and other authorities , as ‘ ’ - being composed of Irish Presbyterians . There is no men ‘ ’ - tion whatever of any Scotch Irish in the neighborhood . The founders of th is Ch aritable Irish Society bore such

Alde rchu rc h names as Allen , , B oyd , B ennett , Clark , D un can , Drummond , Egart , Freeland , Gibbs , Glen , Knox ,

e c Little , May s , M all , M oore , Mortimer , Neal , Noble ,

Pelham , Stewart , St . Lawrence , Thomas , Walker and — ‘ ’ Walsh all of the Irish nation . “ B efore 1 765 the Society also had on its rolls the nam e s : Austin , Arthur , Anderson , Black , B oulton , B all , a Caldwell , Coppinger , Calderwood , C mpbell , Draper , D un

, , ning , Dunworth , Derby , Edgar , Elliot , Ellison Ferguson Lee , , Hall , Hutchinson , H olmes , H ill , Hamilton , Lewis

, M otley , Malcolm , Miller , M orton , N elson , Richey Richard

1 1 6

Pr ej udiced or poorly informed writers have made sad h — h h work of t is Scotch Iris business . T us H enry Cabot ‘ ’ Lodge gives the absurd definition of Scotch - Irish as being ‘Protestant in religion and chiefly Scotch and English in ’ h as e e . blood . This only been quall d in absurdity by Dr ‘ M ac I nto sh w h o h as h , defined t is elusive element as not h h h ’ Scotc nor Iris , but rather Britis . H ere we have two

n gentlemen claimi g to speak as with authority , yet unable

e to agr e even in first essentials . “ ‘ ’ M ost people who use the mistaken term Scotch - Irish appear to do so under the supposition that it is synonymous

h e - h wit Prot stant Irish . Not so . T ousands of Protestant h Irish are of English descent , wit not a drop of Scotch blood in their veins . Other thousands are of H uguenot extraction , a point with which som e do not appear to be h h acquainted . Wels , Scandinavian , German and D utc blood also enter materially into th is Protestant Irish element . “ Another blunde r is made in regarding all Ulsterm en as

- o f Scotch d escen t . With poorly informed writers the fact that a m an h ails from th e northern province is sufficient to ‘ ’ h - an f stamp him as Scotc Irish . To y student o Irish his

th e o f tory fallacy of this is at once evident . Why , some th e most ancient blood in Ireland comes from Ulster , and at th e time of th e English conquest thousands of Catholic

e w far Ulst rmen ere exiled and scattered and wide . “ While kittens born in an oven may not be biscuit , it is certain th at m en born in a country are natives of th at coun

Th e h try . Iris Presbyterians were treated with great harsh

e y n ss b various successive governments in England . At one time edicts of banish m e nt were issued against th eir ministers ; at another we find th e government wickedly de c larin g th eir pulpits vacant and filling them with clergymen of th e Established church . When England had a policy of 1 1 7 c hurch or state to carry out in Ireland it could be made to e b ar as heavily on the Presbyterian as on the Catholic . ’ En gland s repeated suppression of Irish industries also c aused great numbers of Presbyterians and Irish Protes tants , generally , to emigrate to America . “ ‘ ’ Some of the Scotch - I rish devotees would have us u nderstand that emigration from Scotland to Ireland com m en c ed e 1 th at the b ginning of the 7 century . In this they are h e th over a t ousand y ars out of e way . Migration and emigration b etwe en th e two countries began many centuries 1 h earlier than the 7th , or when Scotland became an Iris colony . When that was can easily be ascertained by giving the matter proper attention and careful inquiry .

few During a correspondence , a years ago , between M r . M urray and Mr . Samuel Swett Green , of Worcester ,

s . : Mas , M r Green thus manfully wrote “ - In regard to the use of the term Scotch Irish , I did n o t f realize that I should give o fense by employing it , and I probabl y should have used some other designation to con vey my meaning rather th an irritate bodies of men whom I r h espect . I used the word , owever , only in a descriptive s th e — ense , j ust as I so metimes use terms Afro American and

- i . Swed sh American . I entirely agree with M r M urray that , h h generall y speaking , it is best not to use words w ic show the differences o f the inhabitants of a country rather than the things which they hold in common . For example , it is better to speak generally of Americans , rather than Irish ” - Americans or French Americans .

CATH O LI C AN D P ROT ESTA NT H O N O R ST .

PAT R I C K .

re H on . John D . Crimmins , of New York city , in his “ ’ ” c ent work o n Early Celebrations of St . Patrick s Day

: ( New York , observes 1 1 8

1 I f Ireland in 7 3 7 was economically , nationally an d politically dead , Irishmen were in the front of the struggle h er of life outside boundaries . Swordplay there was in plenty on the continent of Europe . The wars of the Polish and Austrian successions involved most of the contin ental e h powers , and there w re I rishmen in every battle . Not ing

e was heard then in I r land , England , Europe or America of the distinction made by ill - instructed moderns between the ‘ ’ . th e - Irish and Scotch Irish , the latter a racial figment adopted since by shallow commentators of no ethn ological standing. “ Our Protestant Irish men at B oston w h o were gayly cel e brating th e day of the Saint as th e Cath olic Irish sol diers in th e armies of France and Spain w e re celebrating it

e t e in their camps , wer simply demonstrating the mental il f s ien cy of the Gael . H e cannot remain crushed while li e is in H is ability to find som ethin g to s—mile at while suffering acutely is as ch aracteristic of him to day ! h as it was two hundr e d years ago . T is saving humor surviv e d th e drastic days of Cromwell and stood a h th e friend during the grim , opeless century between battle

h e of the B oyne and t e battle of Vin gar Hill . The Irish n e th e fo r atur was like Irish climate , its smiles making up

h . its tears . In suc a nature there is no despair D efeat

h f . t at leaves it life , is a down all , not a hopeless calamity “ Often it h as been said that with more consistent grim n ess o f character the Irish would h av e achieved their aspira tions ; e qually it m ay be said that with more grimness in h h e t em th e y would ave been annihilat d . Time and again through great crises of th eir hi story they struggl ed m an fully u p to a c e rtain point ; beyond that they submitted to f e h their ate , howev r dreary , wit a smiling philosophy that ‘ e was the puzzle of th ir conqu e rors . They are downtrod den it h e h , b t surely t ey are cont nted , for t ey dance in the

1 2 0

and tion of England a hearty contempt of Scotland , and all the tyranny , robbery , oppression , and civil , religious , and e political proscription Gr at Britain represented . “ They and their fathers h ad lived in Ireland and loved

Ireland ; and if the habits , customs , loves , hates , ideas , and h thoughts gained in an Irish atmosphere , on Iris soil , make

Irishmen , these people were I rish . They called themselves Irish ; th e English on American soil called th em Irish and banned them as Irish ; they named their settlem e nts after I rish towns ; they founded societies which they call e d Irish ; ’ they celebrated St . Patrick s Day in true Irish fashion; and seemed to have no fear that a day would come when a ri dicu lo u s ass o c iatio n w o u ld call them and their ch ildr en by be any other title . Stranger yet , the men who remained hind in Ulster have yet to learn the startling information ‘ — ’ that they are Scotch Irish . The fact cannot be gainsaid that the I rish - Presbyter ians , almost to a man , were against England ; but it was — — their nationality Irish and th e sufferings entailed on them in Ulster , and not their Presbyterianism , that made them f ardent rebels . If further proo were necessary , attention might be called to the fact that all the Scotch settlements

- in America were ultra loyal to the B ritish Crown , whether in what is now th e United States or in British America .

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L et us mete out j ustice , fair play , and honorable treat ment to the m en of all nations , who have helped to h make t is greatest of the nations , and let us fearlessly and e persistently demand them for ourselv s . “ It will pay Professor Fiske to e xamine into the Irish

emigration of the eighteenth century and learn , as less

e h erudite people have don , t at as much of this stream f flowed from Limerick , Cork , Water ord , Dublin , and Eng f lish Bristol , as rom Ulster ; and that Leinster and M unster I 2 I poured in fully as many Irish to Colonial America as did h h the northern province . W at e is unwittingly doing is setting up the abhorrent dividing lines of religion and mark ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ing o ff the race into Irish - Irish and Scotch - Irish upon the lines of Catholicity and Protestantism . I , as one of the

r P otestant I rish , most strenuously obj ect ; the name I rish was good enough for my fathers their son is proud to w ear as e h it th y did ; and we must all insist t at the Irish , without an - y qualifications , all children of a common and well loved h e motherland , s all be given th ir full measure of credit for h the splendid work done by t em in America .

A C O N CLUS I V E V I EW O F TH E CAS E .

s M r . Henry Stoddard Ruggles , Wakefield , Mas , who is an American of the ninth generation , heartily condemns “ - re the cant term Scotch Irish . Writing on this subj ect c entl y, he remarks “ A man is the sum of his ancestors—not in the male line only , but through all the many female sources as well . ’ e The place of a man s birth , unless the law is invok d to h a e t e . m nd matter , fi xes his nationality All are of mixed stocks if pedigree is traced far enough back , and all of us descend both from kings and knaves . The more remote the ancestor in the number of generations , the more dilute h fo r is that especial strain , and the fad of searc ing some ennobled progenitor in the distant centuries can give one h o nly that w hich he shares in common with all t e world . “ e b To s lect a race , inha iting a contracted section of an th e island of Europe two centuries ago , imbuing them with s u m th e h of all virtues , placing them , in characteristics t at

- mark the powers of leadership and success , above all the world , and giving to them power to transmit their gifts and attributes to d e scendants of the third and fourth genera

— and h— tion yes , and the fifth sixt unimpaired by inter 1 2 2 marriage with other tribes ; and then to enroll oneself e l among the favored descendants , constitut s a wonderfu bit of egotism that th e rest of the world may be pardoned

n s for findi g a source of amusement . The vanity is harmles

h h e far enoug , certainly , but w n this folly goes so as to give an artificial race distinction to this people not in accord with its origin or the recognized and universal rule of classi fi catio n e , and brand all d scendants , willingly or unwillingly ,

o f h . as of this fantastic race , some t ese are likely to protest I trace through the male line of my mother to Hugh

e e w h o , Ross , of B elfast , Ir land , a Presbyt rian Irishman , n h emigrated ear the beginning of the eig teenth century , t settled in Portsmouth , New Hampshire , and later j us e h across the river , in Kittery . I am not pr pared to say t at his male ancestry did not run into th e High lands of Scot his land , for I do not know fully as to lineage , but through the many oth er lines it is unquestionable th at his deriva f tion was from di ferent stock , probably Irish , for genera

e f d tions . Even if in some earlier anc stor it shall be oun

h th e t at a Ross was of the Highland clan of far north , it will be necessary only to go farth er still to find the forebears h of t at clan again in Ireland . “ ‘ My reading has convinced me that a s o - called Scotch ’ n Irishman mea s simply a Protestant Irishman , whether

th e f u su all w ith from Ulster or M unster , but pre erence is y ! ‘ the man from Ulster . H e is the Simon pure article B y h e t is p culiar logic , you see , I derive from the very choicest strain in all creation . I am very proud of my ancestry , but my pride in my Ross origin is that for a good old Irish family , and as I have in my veins , through other lines , f h blood derived rom Scotch sources , of whic I j ustly boast , race prej udice can have noth ing to do with my abhorrence ” for a name false alike to two splendid peoples .

1 2 4

e - married with the Irish C lt , and are to day a prominent ‘ — ’ feature in the country . The phrase , Scotch Irish , is a pure

- invention , and I suspect sometimes it has an anti Catholic fo r meaning , I find that only those use it who have in mind a latent opposition to the Catholic Irish . Certain it is that this phrase is not heard of in Ireland , and is more an Ameri can invention by that type living here , who are somewhat ashamed to have their ancestry charged with being Irish

e and prefer to cloak it und r the more pleasing title , to them , ‘ ’ - of Scotch Irish . “ These men would reason that because many men of e the Protestant r ligion , born in Ireland , have become emi at h o f nent in various walks of life , th t ey must have been different extraction than those of their Catholic brothers . They overlook th e important fact that j ust as many Catholi c I rish have reached as high a plan e as their Protestant

ie h e r e . v w o w v e countrym n This narrow , , has been the domi nant one , persistently carried out by England in all her

f e. governmental a fairs in Ireland , that is , to give preferenc and prominence , as well as emoluments , to Protestant Irish f over those of the Catholic aith . “ I resent most strongly the use of the term ‘Scotch h ’ h Iris , a term w ich is not only nonsensical , but which is generally used with a malicious purpose , as it aims to de tract from a noble , generous people honor and credit , and give to Scotland merit which she herself never earned , and which her own people never claimed credit for . The Pres b te rian s y of the North of Irel and , of whom form an h humble part , have at all times proclaimed t emselves to be h Irish people , and in the great struggles , by t eir ministers ,

h av e men of learning , scholars and lovers of their country , n eve r refrained from doing and declaring that their hearts h h e . and sympathies wer wit , and a part of , the Iris people “ th e The United Irishmen , formed during rising of 1 2 5

1 8 e 79 , were largely made up of patriotic Presbyt rians , and those m en at no time in their history were ever ch aract er iz ed or described or admitted they we re any oth er th an a Th e part o f the great people they w ere struggling for . pret e nce that th e Ulster Plantation was made up exclusiv ely of Scotch from the Lowlands is an error . A large part of th e h Ulster Planters , installed t ere under King James , were

English people , coming from in and around th e city of

London . The name , Londonderry , is the best eviden ce of this fact . “ If the Saxon Scots had come in any great numbers to make up the Plantation , certain it would be we would find some evidence in names or nomenclatures . Whatever h Scotch came at this particular time were c iefly of the Gael ,

h - th e and the best blood in the Nort of Ireland to day , in h particular section from w ich I came , is the blending of the

the two great Gaelic families , those of Highlands of Scot f e land and those of the North of Ireland . The di ficulty her tofore with our students of Irish history has been the c o n — h fusing with our national types of low bred types whic , in some sections , found their way among our people , but whose presence at no time ever was national . B ut these types have be en the types from which criticism of I rish l i fe b has been formed , and on which so much has een said

r derogatory to o u great national life . in We of the North owe nothing to Scotland , either th e high standards , civilization , culture or religion , b ut , on

h h er contrary , we ave given Scotland some of best blood ,

e h some of her purest patriots , som of the brig test pages of ’ her history . England s policy has eve r; been to mar the h patriotic strivings of our race , and , w atever her tools , she has ever striven to blot out that bright spark of our race w hich has never submitted to her control . The b e st w rit e rs are now agreed that not only Scot 1 2 6

bu t land , many parts of England were populated by the h h a w h o sc olarly Iris in the early centuries , but her schol rs wandered from their own shores to give learning and intel ligen c e to their brothers in the establish ment and founding

of colleges and schools are now almost forgotten . British

influences are now , as they have long been , endeavoring to rob the I rish people of that rich heritage which God eu

dowed the latter with , the inheritance of character and b y honor . They have taken our lands y confiscation ; the th e have abolished B rehon law , which was equal , if not

th e h h superior , to law of Justinian ; t ey ave given us penal laws and coercion e nactments ; they had almost destroyed

our ancient language . Many of the valuable records pre ln h av e served our country they have annihilated . They

drained from our families some of their best sons , and made l i ro s e tes o . p y of them , to serve as s ldiers in foreign wars

They will credit us with nothing , whether it is a Wellington

av e or Wolseley , who g them half an empire in India ; a

e i n th e Rob rts , who won for them the only victory B oer n d e war ; or a Kitche er , who conclu ed for them a p ace h which saved them from dishonor . T ey have taken our e poets , and called them British ; our orators , and call d them

English . They have taken our sculptors , and induced them h to change their names . They have taken t e greatest d b in s cientist of the age , Tyn all , and absor ed him their

British category . “ be B ut , after all , why should we angry at the short comings o i those who wish and prefer to misunderstand or

misrepresent us . I f they were fair critics w e might hope e h to nlighten t em . I f they were just j udges we might bring evidence before them to convince them of their error ; if they were kindly disposed towards our pe ople we might b point out to th eir etter j udgm ent th e true condition s .

The critics of the Irish are not found in France , where

The Irish Catholic and the Irish Presbyterian have more than once stood together for liberal government in h Ireland . And the Irish Presb y terian and the I ris Catholic stood togeth er here whe n Washington was leading th e people from the yoke of oppressive taxation without repre s en tati n o . The Irish American has a place and a name in

fo r f this glorious country of ours , and as we fought our ree — if dom and then for the Union , we will live and , need b e , ” fight , side by side , to maintain it . A G E N E RA L I N D E ! .

s Th e 1 . s t t s to Aborigine of Scotland , , 4 Ari o le make reference Ireland ,

0 . 1 . Abbot of Hy , 3 3

h I 6 2 . Aberdeen , 9. Armag , , 4

s th e t h t th e s s 8 . Ab urdi ty of S ta ement t a Arran , I le of, 3 , 3 9 ”

is h s 2 6 . blood of an y nation p ure , A t ick m i t of feudal law , ”

fe 8 . 1 . s t T aa free from commingling , 3 Au ria , premier of, 57 , 5 ss th e s t Addre by American Conti Au trian Army , Nugen commander - u s s th e in h th e . ne tal Congre to people of c ief of , 57

n 0 1 2 . h s . Irela d , 5 , 5 , 5 Ayr ire , 3 4 h e s 8 s s s h t . Agricola propo e an inva ion of Balfe , Mic ael , compo e r , 5 , 79 1 6 1 Ireland , 3 . Bancroft , . “

h h t h h s 0 . s . T e A kind Iri ear , Rev Jo n Bangor , great mona tery of, 4

h h 2 8 . t e ss s s . 0 Murray po e or of, 7 7 Barry , Commodore Jo n , 49, 7 ,

Th e . s 1 2 2 . Algerine war , , 7 7 Belfa t , Ireland ,

s h h h s h . All Iri received into brot er ood , Belfa t loug , 39 1 h e th 1 1 . . t Bigelow , Col , of Fifteen A h s th e 68 6 . s s ts t American Con tinental rmy , , 7 Ma ac u et regimen in h e R e lu s t v o 6 . American General in Revolution , 7

h o s h h 1 2 . w . . tion were of Iri birt or Bolton , Rev J Gray , 7

t 68 . B o o k o [( ells Th e s . ex raction , f , wondrou , 3 5 American Governors of Iri s h birth Bos ton enactment s to keep th e Iri s h

6 0 . s or extraction , 9, 7 out , 74 ; later , a compromi e made , 6 2 1 46 0 American Revolution , , , 4 3 , , 7 5 s s s s h s Bo ton , Ma , Iri familie arrive

t z Th e 1 1 8 6 . Ancien civili ation of Ireland , , in 7 at , 5 1 2 s s s Th e h s h 3 , 3 0 Bo ton , Ma , C ari table Iri t sh s s S 2 1 2 2 6 68 0 Ancien Iri Art , W ord in prai e ociety of , , 4 , 5. 7 , , 7 , o f 2 , 3 , 3 3 , 3 4 , 3 5, h h e 1 2 6 h . s C s t 8 . h s T 2 Ancient Iri ri ianity , 3 Bre on Law , , 5,

n F. 1 0 1 . t s s h So . s Ancien Con titution of Iri Brenna , Hon Jame ,

6 2 . c ie t Th e 2 6 . Bo rn 0 6 y, , Brian , 3 , 5 ,

t h t 2 . 1 . Ancien Kingdom of Connaug , 3 Britannic Albion and Ierne , 3 ' A r n s t s s E ins /z C o m m o s R e o rt . ncien King of Mun ter , 3 9. p , 49

h s w as sh . w as s h s s h t s And t i art Iri It Briti Mu eum , Iri antiqui ie in ” s h h t e . purely and entirely Iri , 3 5. , 3 3

A s . s h f s s Tre ac h ngu , Fort of, 3 9 Briti o ficial and oldiery , ’ A n n a ls o C o m m erce M c Ph e rs o n s t t f , , ery , cruel y , rapaci y and cowar f 1 0 . o th e . 3 dice , 5 - th s th e s 62 is An ti Ca olic law in Colonie , . Bruce , Edward , crowned king of

1 2 . 1 6 . Antrim , Ireland , 3 Ireland , ’

H . 2 2 2 62 is to o v iliz a io n 1 1 . s H r Ci t . Antrim , N , , 5, 4 7 , , 97 . Buckle y f , ’

. H . h n s s Th e . Antrim , N , Coc ra e Hi tory Bull Run , battle of , 59

6 1 2 2 2 . of , , 7 , , 5 Burke , Edmund , 79. h fl sh h 6 . s h Arc itecture ouri ed in Ireland , 3 Burke of Nort and Sout Caro 1 6 s Th e 8 1 Argyle , 7 , 3 5, 3 , 94 lina , , . h s 6 6 1 s s . Bu tte rfi eld . Argyle , Iri ettler in , 3 , t s o f h Th e 8 1 . h th e Bu ler Sout Carolina , , Coc rane , Probable origin of

1 6 . Caledonia , 4 . name , h e 6 . s Th e s t . . Caledonian , , di appear in Cockran , Hon W Bourke , h h e 6 1 . T . t ird century , 5 Coleraine , old county of , 5

h h . C . 1 8 . s T e Carey , Henry , Colla , T ree , 95 ’ C h s to r u k 1 8 . s H i o K en t c 8 . arey , Mat ew , Collin y f y, 7

C 6 . t s Carlow , ounty , 3 4 , 4 Colonial mili ary roll , New Hamp h s 1 6 6 8 . s . Carrickfergu , , 3 , 9 ire , 44

s h h 8 . s o f ss h s tts Carroll , Bi op Jo n , of Maryland , 4 Colonial record Ma ac u e ,

C h 8 . 1 1 C s . arroll , arle , of Carrollton , 4 3

h 6 . s T e 8 C m 1 . Carroll , , of Maryland , 4 , 59, 9 olu bia , 4 , 4 7 C h 1 8 . 6 2 . arroll , Daniel , of Maryland , 4 Connaug t , , 3 , 4 7 , 95 h M a . at t Carroll , Jo n Lee , of Maryland , 59, Connolly , j , in command For 6 s . D uque ne , 7 4 s h h s t C Th e i Ca el , anot er celebrated ea of ontinental Army , Amer can ,

6 2 . 1 68 6 . learning , , 3 9, 4 , 7

s b 2 . ss Th e Ca tle of D u lin , 9 Continental Congre , American , h s b s h 0 Cat olic and Pre y terian Iri men , 49, 5 2 : ss Th e s ts 7 Continental Congre , , pre en C h s s s s th e s h at olic and Prote tant Celt an addre to Iri people , 49, ” h t th e s s 2 1 0 1 2 foug on ame ide , 5 , 5 , 5 . h h h n r s s C o adu s . Cat olic Iri ere in large number , 9 h t e 0 . . before Revolution , 5 Corcoran , Gen , 57 , h s th e S s 1 8 8 0 1 2 0 . Cat olic of United tate , Cork , 4 , 4 , 79, , ’

h s h . s t s s C . Wa ing on reply to an addre rog an , Col George , 74 h t e 0 . C ro m w ellia n Settle m en t from , 5 , Prender h ’ s t s b s t s 1 8 . Cat olic prie and Pre y terian ga , h h e C t s . elder were anged on ame rown Point , 4 5 ”

1 h D . 1 t 2 . s . 1 1 1 8 . ree , Crimmin , Hon Jo n , 7 , h h s t e s h s s s s . Celt of Ireland and of Scot ti C yclopean fortre e , Iri , 3 9 h 2 n s 6 . Su ss 2 . Hig land , Daily , Lawrence , Ma , 3 h i s h t s D alriada Th e C ar table Iri Socie y of Bo ton , , kingdom of , founded

s s 2 1 2 2 6 68 0 6 s 1 . Ma , , 4 , 5a 7 3 a 7 ) 7 a 7 7 ) by Scot from Ireland , 4 h s s . Darly Field , an Iri oldier , 44 ’ ” C h H in h e h O i s t 8 . T e ili , gg , liberator of, 5 Dark and bloody ground , , 79. C h 2 T e 6 8 0 . h . ivil W ar , , 4 , Dartmout College , 4 ’ C ian Th e h s s 6 . s s Clan , , of Ormond , Davie , Sir Jo n , critici e Agricola

C C Th e . s 2 . lan olla , , 95 boa t , 3 ’ O rr l Th C a o l e 6 . 8 6 Clan , , 3 Declaration of Independence , 4 , 9,

Th e 6 . 1 . Clan Rooney , , 7 R t w 0 O O 6 1 . Clin on , De it t , 7 . De , C l ll bk i e 66 . . s C o u m lin ton , Gen Jame , of New York , Derry , 8 6 8 . 1 6 2 66 4 , Derry , , 4 , . C l lu m il e s 0 . 68 6 . C o bk linton , George , , 9 Derry , St . found , 4 C 66 t h . 0 62 . T e lon arf , Battle of , 3 , 3 7 , Derry , ci ty of , Ireland , h D i s t e . es e s 6 . Clyde , Bank of , 4 7 ,

s th e D iarm aid D o n o ch 2 . Coa t of Britain , under Roman , and Tiege Oge , 3 th e D io do ru s Sic u lu s s power , continually raided by mention Ireland , s 1 1 Scot of Ireland , 4 . 3 . ’ h i r h i to r o I ris T a de 2 1 . . 6 . s H s Coc rane Gen Jo n , Dobb y f i , h s s . Coc rane Hi tory of Antrim , N . Donegal , Ireland , 3 9 H 6 2 f 6 . . D 0 n an G o v e rno r 0 . , , 5 g , , New York , 4 7 , 9

1 3 2

h H is to r o til e Presb teria n C[t a re/ in s t s s t sh . y f y i Iri ac or , D i ingui ed , 59 ’ I relan d i s 6 8 . s h h s t th e , Re d , 4 , 3 , 93 Iri and Scotc allie defea h s h b s s h 8 . s t Home rule , Iri , 5 Engli in everal pitc ed at le , th e 1 6 Hos t ility of Englis h s et tlers to .

h 2 2 2 . 8 . s s h s Londonderry , N . H . people , Iri and Scotti prefixe , , 3

H o w t/z e I ris /z c a m e a s B u ilders o t/z e s h s h h Pa. f Iri arrival at P iladelp ia , , in

N atio n 6 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 . , . 7 9, over 5 , 1 s h s 1 1 8 Ierne , 3 . Iri arrival in 7 in New Eng I e rn is 1 6 . , 3 . land , 5

h h 1 . s h art s s Independence Hall , P iladelp ia , 7 Iri , Word in prai e of ancient , s t s h s h h Indu rial art c ool of P iladelp ia , s h 2 3 4 Iri brigade of France , 9. Intermarriage s am ong th e di fferent Iri s h Cath olics exiled to th e We s t

ts s 2 8 8 . s 1 . elem en in Ul ter , 4 , 3 , 4 Indie and to New England , 9 s h s h sh Iri cattle , Iri wool , and Iri ” A b h s 1 t . Ireland , rig t fire of in ellec t in , woolen , 9 h h s 2 s s . 3 5 Iri c ief and clan , 3 h e s h A s s t h s A 8 . Ireland , merican addre to Iri C ri tianity , ncient , 3 h 0 1 2 . s s s s . people of, 5 , 5 , 5 Iri C yclopean fortre e , 3 9 th e h s h to h s s h s Ireland and Scotland , mot er Iri immigration t e e ore ” 1 b b th e s o - h t 1 . and daug er , egan long efore called - 6 1 1 S h h . s b . s Ireland de cribed y P tolemy , 3 cotc Iri movement , is s h s s Ireland , Edward Bruce crowned Iri explorer , Reputed voyage of , 1 6 to A - b king of, . merica in Pre Colum ian h s s s 6 1 s . Ireland , Frenc Prote tant ettle t ime , 1 s h s at s in , 9. Iri familie arrive Bo ton , 6 t s s s s 1 1 8 . Ireland , German Pala ine ettle Ma , in 7 , 5 h h e t s h 6 . s s t in , 4 Iri gold antiqui tie in Bri i h to t e s as s . Ireland known Greek Mu eum , 3 3 I e rn 1 s h s s v ia . and Ierne , 3 Iri go to erve under Montro e ,

Ireland known t o th e Roman s as 8 3 . H ibe rn a 1 s h Th e i , 3 . Iri Home Rule , noble band h 8 Ireland , Mention of , in ancien t fig ting for , 5 .

h Th e 6 . s 1 . s s C s time , 3 Iri Hou e of ommon , , 7

h s s s as I ern is s h s s Th e 6 . Ireland , Orp eu peak of , , Iri Hou e of Lord , , 7 1 s h s h 3 . Iri immigrant go to Falmout ,

h e . A 6 t . Ireland never conquered by Me , party of , 5 s h d s h s 2 . s t s s Roman , 3 Iri indu rie de troye by Engli s t s 1 Ireland , Pliny and Ari otle refer legi lation , 9. h h to 1 . s s , p l g 3 — Iri in New Ham ire on before s t s s th e s . Ireland Prote tan Ireland ink et tlement of Londonderry , 44 1 s h h e A h ss s h s . t s t under oppre ive Bri ti law , 9 Iri in Union rmy , A o ’ fl h 6 s t e . Ireland literary in uence on of , 5 h h h s 1 0 V . s . s Scotti Hig land , Iri in irginia , Early , 7 3 h h e 1 Th e z s T 0 8 . Ireland , ancient civili ation of Iri language , , , 3

1 2 s h 8 . , . Iri li terature , 3

8 . Th e h s 1 . s h Ireland , P oenician and , 3 Iri men , Some eminent , 5

—~ th e s h s s s th e s h Ireland , proper and ancien t Iri m i ionarie of ix t ”

1 2 . 1 2 . Scotland , century ,

th e t h is sh s s Th e . Ireland , true Sco ia of Iri monk of Lindi farne , , 54 ” 6 s h s b s tory , . Iri name orne by countie in h Th e s 8 . Iri Academy , Royal , 3 3 , 3 4 . Kentucky , 7 Iri s h native s to wh om land w as s e t Iri s h valor brigh tened many dark ”

t s th e t th e h s . apar in Ul ter at ime of our , 59

8 8 8 6 8 8 8 8 s s A 8 . Plantation , 4 , 5, , 7 , , 9, I le of rran , 3 , 3 9 s s s s Jack on , Pre iden t Andrew , vi it I ris h m o re s is h e 8 . s t , I land of, 3 , 3 9 Bo ton and greeted by ”

s S s Th e 2 C h s h S 68 . I land of aint , , 4 . aritable Iri ociety , h 1 2 s S T f h s . h e . s Iri ry of cotland , , 7 Je fer on , T oma , 7 , 7 , 7 7 h h 1 2 6 s t e 6 s Th e . Iri of mixed race , 3 . Ju tinian , law of , sh th e S ts h 8 Iri origin of co , 7 . Kavanag , Governor , of Maine , 4 , ' ’ I ri s /z Ped r s r 6 O H a s 2 6 2 . . ee . t ig , 3 , , 95 9 h s Th e A . Iri people , merican Conti Kearney , Gen , 57 .

n en tal s s s s ad h M c A l in 1 2 1 . Congre pre ent an Kennet p , , 4 ss th e 0 1 2 t s sh dre to , 5 , 5 , 5 . Ken ucky countie beari ng Iri h s 8 s 8 . s . Iri p ioneer in Kentucky , 7 , 7 9 name , 7 h s s h s A m s h s 8 . Iri pioneer of Met odi m in Kentucky , Iri pioneer in , 7 , 7 9 6 2 C u t . erica , Kerry , o n y , 4

s h s s t s s s h 6 . Iri Pre byterian bit erly oppre Killaloe , Bi op of , 7 b 2 0 . . . ed y England , Kilpatrick , Gen , 57 h - s 1 8 s th n Th e 1 . Iri Revolution of 7 9 , Pre by Know No i g campaign , , 7 te rians nobly identify t h em s elves K n o t o u r of th e name in th e Iri s h

h th e t s th e 6 . wit patrio cau e during , Parliament 7

2 0 . 6 68 . Knox , Gen . Henry , 7 , h s s s s 6 1 . Iri Pre byterian , Fine and Pun Lafayette , i s h m e nts fl th c s 2 . in icted wi out mer y Lecky on European Moral , 5 h t e 8 1 1 1 1 . . 6 . upon , 3 , , 7 Lee , Gen , 49

s h s b s s e x e c u s 0 8 0 . Iri Pre y terian m ini ter Lein ter , 4 , 7 9, h s s h as s s h 2 0 C G . ted rebel to Engli law , . Leland , arle , on ancient Iri sh b s s b . Iri Pre yterian o liged to take art , 3 4 ” th e h Th e S s 8 . Black oat , 3 Lennox and Mar , Great teward s h s s h s s h h s Iri Pre by terian , T ou and of , of, wit t eir force from Scotland t A s th e s h at th e 2 0 . s s emigra e to merica , a i t Iri Battle of h 2 s h C 6 . s s s 1 0 . Iri ennac ie and bard , lontarf , h h 1 2 s S s th e R 0 T e . Iri cot pour down on Lia Fail , , s 1 1 8 6 8 man , 4 . Limerick , Ireland , , 4 , 4 7 , 4 , 53 , s h S Th e Iri et tlement , , in Georgia , 55, 97

1 2 0 . 7 3 Limerick , Me . ,

s h s s s t s s Th e s 1 8 . Iri ettler go to Worce er , Ma , Limerick , urrender of , 6 h T e . 5. Limerick , treaty of, 97 h h e s h s s s s 6 s T . Iri ettler in Argyle , 3 . Lindi farne , Iri monk of, 54 h s s s in 6 h . Iri ettler Galloway , 3 . Loc Erne , 9 h 6 s s s C s s . Iri ettler in Georgia , 7 3 . London ompanie or Guild , 5 s h s s s s s Iri oldier , prie t and laymen Londonderry , Ireland , Fact concern 66 2 0 6 . exiled , . ing, 5,

s h s s s . H . s s 8 2 Iri p inner and weaver land in Londonderry , N , ettler , , 4 , s 1 1 Bo ton , 4 . ’ s h s h th e A s Th e 6 . Iri ympat y for merican Londoner Plantation , , 5 0 S e cta to r Th e th e Revolution , 5 . London p , , on Puri “ ” s h Th e A s o sh 66 6 . Iri , , people ancien t and tan Iri , , 7 ” 6 s o s s 8 . s s . once illu triou , 3 Logan , Jame , of Penn ylvania , 9 ’ s h Th e th e R e v o lu L o n rn a n s Ada a z in e A Iri , , in American g g , rticle in , on

s h art . tion , 49. ancient Iri , 34 , 3 5

I v e rnia 1 s h Th e t . , 3 . Loui burg , aking of , 44 1 3 4

s h M r h d s c C a t . h s Lowland , Compo i te c aracter of y, Rev T addeu , a gra u h e f . t th e 6 1 0 . o people of , 9 , 9 ate Harvard College , 7 5

h h V c llu m M a u l~ s . M ac C a c C Lync , Col . C a , a irginia field Mc ullum , , f h — ” t e . 1 . o ficer in Revol ution , 74 lum more , 4 h s h 8 1 M r 62 . h T e . c G e o r M r. 8 Lync e of Sout Carolina , , g , Rev . , , M A l in 6 M c re r M r b no ac Th e . G o . . t p , clan , 3 g , Rev , ore a M a ar h 6 2 c C t C . y, ormac , King of Mun lowland name , M K n h s s Th e s . c e a ter , 3 9 , T oma , a igner of M ac C o rc o ran Th e 6 s . , , Declaration of Independence , and M a e rm o h 2 h e b c D t T e . s s t t pedigree , , 3 fir t pre iden of Hi ernian i e M ac l s 8 h h 6 . , Daniel , 7 9, 5 . Society of P iladelp ia , 9 M h r M h s ac M a o n s h s c N e il . , Ma al and Pre ident , Gen Jo n , become a mem be r h h b h 8 . t e s s of France , 5 of Bo ton C arita le Iri M ac M o rri — 68 s So n s i e . S of Morri , . Mor ociety , . ’ M Ph e r n n n als o C o m m e rc e 0 s 2 . c s o s A . ri on , 3 f , 3 M M o rri n h h e ac so s Th e . t , , 4 7 Meade , George , grandfat er of M a M rr u h h . c u o 0 . t s g , Dermot , 3 ero of Ge ty burg , 49

M ac M u rr h 2 . h 8 0 . o u s s . g of Lein ter , 3 Meag er , Gen , 57 , h Macnevin , Dr . , 4 3 , 44 . Meat , 95. M r s h A 2 . ac S ar an . s s p , Rev Jame , an Iri Melro e bbey , 3 h h h h Th e 2 s r s h t . Prote tant cle gyman of R ode Met odi t C urc Sou , , 9 h s 66 . h s s I land , Met odi m in America , Iri pio h 8 h 2 s . Maine , Governor Kavanag of , 4 , eer of , 9

Th e 2 . 6 . s . 9 Monk of S t Gall , , 4 ’

S 2 . M o l e r ir 2 2 6 2 n ks o t/z e We st M o n te a1n b t s . Maine , Henry , 5, , 7 , 5 , 55 f , , 43 ’ Th e Brie h O ns 8 . . Maine , of , 4 Montgomery , Gen Ric ard , 4 3 , 44 ,

8 68 . s s St . 2 . Manu crip t of Gall , 4 4 ,

h 8 . s t s . s s s Marianu Sco u , 9 Montro e , Iri erve under , 3 s ts th Maroney , W illiam , a ppointed provo t Monumen in New York to ree

s h s n b s h s t s h s h . mar al at Bo to y W a ing di ingui ed Iri men , 4 3 r h H 6 s M . . ton , 7 . Morri on , . , of W ind am , N , Th e 8 . Maryland Line , , 4

Th e s 8 s s Th e s h 2 . Maryland , Carroll of, 4 , 59, Morri on , Iri , 3 6 h 2 1 1 8 . 9. Moylan , Gen . Step en , , 49, M u M o lu r 2 . a r s o n s M u rro h s o ns 2 . s y and g , 3 y g, Prince of, 3 h r A 2 s s M u c k o s s . Ma onic lodge in New Hamp ire bbey , 3 ’ 2 6 Th s . s . s t e t . named St Patrick , 4 , 7 Mun er , ancien king of , 3 9 s s h s ts s s Th e s h 6 Ma ac u et , Colonial record of, Mun ter , Iri province of, , 1 1 8 0 3 . 7 9. . s s h s s s h s t 2 8 Ma ac u ett , Governor Jame Sul Murray , T oma Ham il on , 3 , 4 , 6 8 . livan of , 4 , 9 s s h s s s b h as Ma ac u et t , Name orne by Murray , Rev . Jo n , mentioned ”

n h . s s h s s i . h A s h t ome early Iri ettler , 7 5 aving kind Iri ear , 7 7

- s s 1 6 1 Th e s o M u rro u h s o n s M ar s o n s 2 . Ma acre of 4 , called , g and y , 3 1 1 8 s h s 1 1 8 7 , . New England , Iri arrival in 7 fl h e 6 6 T . 6 May ower , , , 5 in , 5. h C 2 . s C h s Mayo , ounty , 3 New England , Iri at olic exiled M A in h 1 2 1 c l . 1 p , Kennet , , 4 to , 9. M r h e h h c C a th C . t s s s y, ap t William , of New Hamp ire , An Iri oldier

6 . s th e h t s . American Revolution , 7 explore W ite Moun ain , 44 M c C arth s s s s h A n re re y family of Bo ton , Ma , New Hamp ire , early p

Th e . s en tativ e th e s . , 7 5 of Emerald I le in , 44

1 3 63

t th e ts . s . Pa rick a favorite name among Rober on , Gen , Te timony of , 49 h 68 t s h h s . . Scot i Hig lander , 7 Roc e de Fermoy ,

Th e M ac D e rm o t 2 . h s 1 1 0 . Pedigree , , 3 Roc e , Jame Jeffrey , ’

Th e O D o w d 2 . s h Th e Pedigree , , 3 Rock of Ca el , , 3 9, ’ ’ P d 2 2 e rees O H art s s h 6 . s ig , Iri , 3 , , 95 Roman , Ireland never conquered by

th e h n o t th e 2 . People of nort of Ireland , 3 s h s th e h s h s sh s uperior to t o e of ot er Iri Roman , Iri Scot pour down on h e 1 s 8 0 . t . province , , 4

h h h e 1 1 . t s h . s t t Per ire , 9 Roman , W i drawal of ,

H . 1 0 1 e 6 . b h . Th Peter oroug , N , Rooney , clan ,

A a 1 2 2 . h h Pa . s s s h s P iladelp ia , , ndrew J ck on a Ro , Hug , of Belfa t , Ireland , h e t t 8 0 . member of Hibernian Socie y Rowan ,

68 . s h . of , Royal Iri Academ y , 3 3 , 3 4 h h h s . P iladelp ia , Friendly Son of St Rutledge , Edward , of Sout Caro

6 0 1 1 1 . 0 8 . Patrick of , 49, 5 , 7 , 7 , 7 , 5 lina , 4

h h Pa . 0 0 0 s h s S 1 2 1 . P iladelp ia , , over 5 Iri Ruggle , Henry toddard,

1 2 2 1 Th e 0 . . s arrive at , in 7 9, Saxon of Britain , , 4 h Th e 1 h s s . t e P oenician , , and Ireland , 3 Saxon raid on coa t of Ireland ,

Pic tav ia 1 2 . 1 , 5.

s Th e s th e s 1 62 . P ict , , di appear from page Scotia Maj or , 9, 5,

62 . h s 1 . S 1 of i tory , 4 cotia Minor , 9, 5, s Th e s h s A s Pict , Iri or Scotti in col Scot , force of , land near Carrick 1 h lis i n h h e 1 1 2 1 . . 1 1 ss s s e o t . s t t wit , , , 4 fergu A D 3 5, and a i h n h 1 2 h 1 6 . s Th e s . s Pict , out er and nort ern , Iri , h e h s s 1 . t s s s s t s Pillar of Hercule , 3 Sco land , Force from , a i t Iri ’

s L iv e s o Seo ttis /z Sa in ts th e 6 2 . Pinkerton f , at battle of Clontarf, h 1 2 . t . Scotland , S t Bridget eld in grea 6 6 6 8 1 o s . Plantati n of Ul ter , 3 , 4 , 5, 4 , reverence in , 7 , 7

Th e s 1 2 . Scone , tone of , ’

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1 h e h . s . T s Pliny refer to Ireland , 3 Scotland , Iri ry of , 7 1 1 h e A h s h . s ts t t Plunkett , rc bi op , 9 Scot and Pic , warfare be ween , h s s 1 . Pre byterian Iri left Ireland , not 4 s th e s h C h s s th e s s becau e of Iri at olic , but Scot from Ireland raid coa t

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2 1 2 2 1 2 . , . 3 ’

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6 1 . a 1 0 s l s . Pula ki , few inf ection , s h Th e th e sh s h s s s s Puri tan Iri , , of London Scotti c olar and eccle ia tic S ec tato r 6 n 66 . o t p , , 7 from Ireland only flooded 1 1 2 s Putnam , Eben , . pagan England but pread all over ”

2 . 1 Q uintilian , 4 Europe , 5.

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A h 6 an d R e ected Th e 1 0 1 1 . Rice , llen T orndike , 5 , 57 . j , , 7 , 9 1 3 7

’ h - s h h Th e S Sc s t . s s s otc Iri t eory , , ba ed Patrick Lodge of Ma on in u s s s s h 2 6 1 1 on fo r propo i tion all fal e and , New Hamp ire , 4 , 7 , 3 . ’ h r h ss 8 . h St . s s C h t e efore , wort le , 4 Paul Epi copal urc (New h h 1 0 1 1 S t s . , p , 7 , C . mi Jo e 9 York ity) , 4 3 v Se n ac h u s , Th e o th e s ss Mor , great Sullivan , Governor Jame , of Ma

s 2 . h u s ac etts 8 6 . Book of Law , 7 , 4 , 9, 7 3 th e S s S h - h Senate of United tate , Men of uc well known nort of Ireland h b h e ’ s t . l , 59 s as O N e ill M c M ah o n Iri ood in name , and 1 ’ S s , , . n everu Emperor 4 O D o ne ll 2 . , 4 h n S G e . 8 0 . , , 7 , , h 2 68 5 59 . . eridan Sullivan, Gen Jo n , 4 , , 7 3

h s . 0 , s , 7 . S l 57 , . 8 . S ie d Gen Jame ullivan , Hon W illiam , 4 h r 8 S ute , Governo , . Supplementary Fac ts and Comment k h e , . F. , t S ene W on Gaelic langu 83 . 1 0 , . Ta f A i g a e s 8 . a e , premier of u tr a , 57 , 5 2 Sligo , C ounty , 3 . Taci tus refers to a propo s ed invas ion s t Society of Antiquarie of Sco land , of Ireland under th e direction of

2 . 3 A 1 2 gricola , 3 , 3 . S h l , l g h M a s ac h out Caro ina Edward Rut ed e . s s u Talbot , Gov T oma , of

8 . , 4 6 of s s . ’ ett , 9 S O D o nn e ll th e s s p , l g ain ru in de tine 2 2 . Taylor , Bayard ,

8 . , 5 of 66 . Templemore , Ireland , Th e “ Stark and S tarke , name in h - T at town called London Derry , all 6 ” Ireland , 4 . s h 66 ’ Iri , . S tark s Ran gers demand an ex tra d 7 71 : B iv o u a c o M e D ea 6 . f , 5

t to . ra ion of grog celebrate St Th e t s h t w as ’ grea Bri ti na ion once s 6 1 1 . ” Patrick Day , 7 , 3 s 1 . , 9 b 6 1 more aved S teu en , . be I ris /z [Mo rris o n s m in en t in ’ T , E s M e m o rials S teven , Rev . Dr . Abel , ie n t M edian/ a ! a n d M de rn m s a n c o ti e . of tbc in tro du c tio n of M et/z o dis m A la n ce at M e o rigin o t/z e Cla n in g f M e E a s te rn Sta tes 2 . , 9 n a m e to et/z er w it/z re e ren c e to t/z e S Th e 1 2 , g f t s . one of De tiny , , ’ Fa m il s a trim o n in M e a n c ie n t h 1 2 y p y t S T e . S one of cone , , Co n n a i i /z t 2 k n do m o . ’ i g g , 3 Sto r o t/z e I ris /z in B o s to n s f y f , Cullen , Th e h h 8 wonderful influence w ic 9 , 99 ”

6 . St ra h fi llian Ireland exerted in art , 3 t . , 9 h th th e s A m n n T y l l St . da a u s 0 . e eft Ire and wi mo t , Abbot of Iona , 3 ”

t s h t 2 1 . gl , St . t . in en e a red of En and Benedic , 54 h Th y (th e s h) th e St . t e Iri were true Bridget eld in grea reverence ” h 2 2 s s . c y , 1 . S ot of i tor in Scotland , 7 , 7 o n 1 Th m o d, 6 . S 1 2 2 0 0 1 . t . Columba , , 7 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 54

h s s 1 1 1 . S lu an T p , ll , t . C o m b u s . om on Robert E i , 54

h th 8 . l 1 2 1 0 T , , 4 . C o u m bk ille 0 ornton Mat ew St , , 5, 3 , 3 9, 4 , 66 Th h s s t s 4 3 , ree t ou and male lef Ul ter

th e s 2 1 . St . C St . St . y ly c l , ongall , Ciaran and ear for o onie ” Ti brad 2 . in n h o , C a e c , 40 . 3

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N in n n 1 2 s 1 . . ia . S t , Two kindred people , 5 s h t t 6 6 6 s . s Ul er , Planta ion of , 3 , 4 , 5, W a ington , Gen , accept member s h ip ih th e Friendly Son s of St

t s h n Th e 2 1 1 2 . h e h 0 Uni ed Iri me , , , 4 Patrick , P ilad lp ia , 4 9, 5 . S s n t s h s h th e C h s th e United tate Se a e , Men of Iri Wa ington to at olic of h e t 0 . s 0 . blood in , 7 Uni ted State , 5

s s th e s h t C 6 8 1 2 0 . Unj u t taxe by Briti govern Wa erford , ounty , , , 0 A h 6 . 8 men t , 5 W ayne , nt ony , . V ts s h 8 alley Forge , S tarving patrio at , W el language and literature , 3 . s h W e tmeat , 9. V 0 . C t 2 . enerable Bede , 9, 4 W exford , oun y , 7 “ V Th e h e s h e s t i t C 1 . iking , , courge of W lliam , onqueror , 3 ”

8 . h . H . 2 2 . religion and morality , 3 W ind am , N , 5, V s h . s t ss . sh s et irginia , Early Iri in , 7 3 Worce er , Ma , Early Iri h h s s h s h tle rs 6 . Wal , Mic ael , an Iri c ool at , 5 in s h s 6 6 s s s . . ma ter Ma ac u ett , 7 Yorktown , 4

- O n 6 -fi s . r t ERRATA page , twenty line , for were read where ; page 7 , third line , for ’ ’ s s s 1 1 1 A r ls h ire s 2 1 Chamber read Chamber ; page , 7 , for gy read Argyll hire ; page , for Dun barton ( Dumbarton) read Dunbar .