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Jens Steffek, Claudia Kissling, Patrizia Nanz-Civil Society Participation In Civil Society Participation in European and Global Governance A Cure for the Democratic Deficit? Edited by Jens Steffek, Claudia Kissling and Patrizia Nanz 9780230_006393_01_prexviii.qxd 9-11-07 12:10 PM Page i Transformations of the State Series Editors: Achim Hurrelmann, Carleton University, Canada; Stephan Leibfried, University of Bremen, Germany; Kerstin Martens, University of Bremen, Germany; Peter Mayer, University of Bremen, Germany. Titles include: Achim Hurrelmann, Stephan Leibfried, Kerstin Martens and Peter Mayer (editors) TRANSFORMING THE GOLDEN-AGE NATION STATE Joan DeBardeleben and Achim Hurrelmann (editors) DEMOCRATIC DILEMMAS OF MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE Legitimacy, Representation and Accountability in the European Union Klaus Dingwerth THE NEW TRANSNATIONALISM Transnational Governance and Democratic Legitimacy Achim Hurrelmann, Steffen Schneider and Jens Steffek (editors) LEGITIMACY IN AN AGE OF GLOBAL POLITICS Kerstin Martens, Alessandra Rusconi and Kathrin Leuze (editors) NEW ARENAS OF EDUCATION GOVERNANCE The Impact of International Organizations and Markets on Educational Policy Making Peter Starke RADICAL WELFARE STATE RETRENCHMENT IN COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Jens Steffek, Claudia Kissling and Patrizia Nanz (editors) CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION IN EUROPEAN AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE A Cure for the Democratic Deficit? Hartmut Wessler (editor) PUBLIC DELIBERATION AND PUBLIC CULTURE The Writings of Bernhard Peters, 1993–2006 Transformations of the State Series Standing Order ISBN 1–4039–8544–8 (hardback) 1–4039–8545–6 (paperback) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and one of the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England 9780230_006393_01_prexviii.qxd 9-11-07 12:10 PM Page ii This illustration is taken from the original etching in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan of 1651. Palgrave Macmillan and the editors are grateful to Lucila Muñoz-Sanchez and Monika Sniegs for their help in redesigning the original to illustrate what ‘transformations of the state’ might mean. The inscription at the top of the original frontispiece reads ‘Non est potestas Super Terram quae Comparetur ei’ ( Job 41.24): ‘there is no power on earth which can be compared to him’. In the Bible, this refers to the seamonster, Leviathan. (Original Leviathan image reprinted courtesy of the British Library.) 9780230_006393_01_prexviii.qxd 9-11-07 12:10 PM Page iii Civil Society Participation in European and Global Governance A Cure for the Democratic Deficit? Edited by Jens Steffek Centre for European Law and Politics, University of Bremen, Germany Claudia Kissling Transformations of the State Research Centre, University of Bremen, Germany and Patrizia Nanz Centre for European Law and Politics, University of Bremen, Germany 9780230_006393_01_prexviii.qxd 9-11-07 12:10 PM Page iv Editorial matter and selection © Jens Steffek, Claudia Kissling and Patrizia Nanz 2008. Individual chapters © their respective authors 2008 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978–0–230–00639–3 hardback ISBN-10: 0–230–00639–6 hardback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10987654321 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne 9780230_006393_01_prexviii.qxd 9-11-07 12:10 PM Page v Contents List of Figures and Tables vii List of Abbreviations viii Series Preface xiv Acknowledgements xvi Notes on the Contributors xvii 1 Emergent Patterns of Civil Society Participation in Global and European Governance 1 Jens Steffek and Patrizia Nanz 2 The Evolution of CSOs’ Legal Status in International Governance and Its Relevance for the Legitimacy of International Organizations 30 Claudia Kissling 3 Civil Society Participation under Most Favourable Conditions: Assessing the Deliberative Quality of the WSIS 53 Charlotte Dany 4 The ILO, Tripartism, and NGOs: Do Too Many Cooks Really Spoil the Broth? 71 Lars Thomann 5 Civil Society Participation at the Margins: The Case of the WTO 95 Jens Steffek and Ulrike Ehling 6 Civil Society Participation in International Security Organizations: The Cases of NATO and the OSCE 116 Peter Mayer v 9780230_006393_01_prexviii.qxd 9-11-07 12:10 PM Page vi vi Contents 7 Democratic Aspiration Meets Political Reality: Participation of Organized Civil Society in Selected European Policy Processes 140 Dawid Friedrich 8 Participatory Strategies in the Regulation of GMO Products in the EU 166 Maria Paola Ferretti 9 Assessing the Legitimacy of European Regional Policy: The Interplay of Civil Society and State Actors in Sweden and Germany 185 Jan-Hendrik Kamlage 10 CSOs and the Democratization of International Governance: Prospects and Problems 208 Claudia Kissling and Jens Steffek Bibliography 219 Index 239 9780230_006393_01_prexviii.qxd 9-11-07 12:10 PM Page vii List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 CSOs as transmission belt between IOs, a global citizenry and the public sphere: a normative model 8 5.1 Participation of CSOs in WTO ministerial conferences since 1996 98 Tables 1.1 Indicators for access and transparency 13 1.2 Cases studied with regard to CSO access and transparency 18 2.1 Degrees of legal status 37 2.2 Legal status of NGOs in different international organizations 40 5.l Types of CSOs at the WTO and their strategies 100 7.1 Overview of crucial official participative activities during the REACH process 156 7.2 Principles guiding the analysis 158 vii 9780230_006393_01_prexviii.qxd 9-11-07 12:10 PM Page viii List of Abbreviations ACRE Advisory Committee on Release to the Environment ACTEMP Bureau for Employers’ Activities (ILO) ACTRAV Bureau for Workers’ Activities (ILO) APEAL Association of European Producers of Steel for Packaging Art. article ATA Association of Atlantic Treaty Organizations (NATO) AU African Union BEUC European Consumers’ Organisation BIS Bank for International Settlements CAC Codex Alimentarius Commission CAN-E Climate Action Network Europe CCME Churches’ Commission for Migrants in Europe CEACR Committee of Experts for the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (ILO) CEFIC European Chemical Industry Council CETS Council of Europe Treaty Series CFA Committee for the Freedom of Association (ILO) CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy (EU) CI Consumers International CiO Chairman-in-Office (OSCE) CIOR Interallied Confederation of Reserve Officers (NATO) CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna CIVGOV Organized Civil Society and European Governance CJTF Combined Joint Task Forces (NATO) COGEM Commissie Genetische Modificatie (Dutch GM advisory committee) CONECCS Consultation, the European Commission and Civil Society (EU) COORDEUROP European Co-ordination for Foreigners’ Fight to Family Life CPC Conflict Prevention Centre (OSCE) CPME Standing Committee of European Doctors CS & CT Content and Themes Drafting Group (WSIS) viii 9780230_006393_01_prexviii.qxd 9-11-07 12:10 PM Page ix List of Abbreviations ix CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CSF Community Support Framework (EC) CSO civil society organization CTD Committee on Trade and Development (WTO) CTE Committee on Trade and Environment (WTO) CUTS Consumer Unity and Trust Society DG Director-General (ILO) Directorate General (EC) DG SANCO Directorate General for Health and Consumer Affairs (EC) Doc. document DPC Defense Planning Committee (NATO) DSB Dispute Settlement Body (WTO) EACC Euro-Atlantic Cooperation Council (NATO) EAGGF European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund ECAS European Citizens’ Action Service ECB European Central Bank ECEG European Chemical Employers’ Group ECJ European Court of Justice ECOFIN Economic and Financial Affairs Council of the European Union ECOSOC Economic and Social Committee of the European Union Economic
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