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Naturalist.Pdf a- I . .. .. .. .. - . .... ._.. 'I I I .. .. ERRATA ET CORRIOENDA. AUb Copyrightad leW. by F. C. BAICIB PREFACE. In presenting'this little volume to the public, a word or two In exp1;rnntlon ofthc circumstances which gave it birth may not be dcemcd inupproprink. The author had originally intended . n~rrkingn littlc pnmphlct covering nomeof the more interesting , cxpcricnccs of thc-Ildexicnn Expedition. It ham been thought, however, that the important nature of the expedition and the linking tògether of narrativo, science, and hietory (a cambination not oRcn atlempkd by authors) were circumstaneee eufflaent to juntify ib publicntlon in a more pretentious form. Thc tour which forms ita subject WRBBundertaken under the auspicca of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the author acting(LB Zoologist. The expedition wan under the leader- whip ofProfessor Angelo Heilprin, Cumtor-in-charge.of the Philadelphin Academy, anil ita object was h collect data and npecimcnr illustrnting the faunr. flora, and Geology of Yutzitau rrncl Noutllcrn Mcxico, with n consideration of the high mountain pcrrkw OP the Yexicnn Plateau. For full accounts concerning the scientific portion of the expedition, the reader is reapeetfully referred to the Proceeding8 ofthe above Academy from I@O to 1895. The illustrations used are mostly from photographs taken by the party,together' with sketches made by the author. The majority of new species'of mollusks discovered bythe expedition are figured in thefollowing pages. As to the literary character of the work, if not EO good m might be wished, it is yet such BE circamstancea have permitted. The , text han been written during the leisure honre of a busy pro- fernional life, which fact will explain, if it doee not excu~e,its errors. The author has cndeavored to picture the scenes which came under his observation, as they appeared to him. The author desires to expresa his gratitude ta the friends, both in Mexico and the United Btates, who have in various ways ameiated him. He troeta that this little sketch of a naturalista experiences may awaken a scientific intecent in thin little under- stood country. FRANKC~LLINE BAKER. chlE.go Academy of Belmcw. JalYv .. .. CHAPTER VII. Humming-bird+Magacy and Pulque-The Aicent of Orlraba-Hard C1imbing-A Cold Night-Effect of Rarefied Atmonphere-Speaes of Birds ............................... 75 . CEAPTERVIII. CHAPTER I. City. of Mexico -Pation-Plaza MaJor-Paeeo de la Dolphins-Gulf Stream-Havana-BotanicalGarden- ltcformn-Interesting objecte-Soldiers-Famouß Cathedral- Progreso-Col. Glenn-Hotel Yucateco-Merida-Old Gute- (Irlmct View-National Palace-Hand Tree-Academy of San Cathedral-Bird~Historg- MarketFranciscan Convent Crrlbn-Aztec Fenther Work-NationalLibrary-Names of Arrival at Constraction Camp ........................... L.. I HLn.c.b+-HntclR nndTheatree-Monte de Piedad-National Worcllm-ltlln! Rpecimens-Birds- Antiquities- Analee of CEAPTER II. ..++Q- ~UNl'lllll..................................................... 88 Firnt Morning nt Camp-Isak HcGinty eneque Sitilpech-Cenotes-Native Dance-Mexican Parro CllAPTER IX. nt-Cacti Goat-suckern Preparing Torti - - ~'l~~~~~~~lk~~~~~r~-llcllx-~'Wcw~I'oinVof Mexico-Poople nd-Izamal.. 19 ...................................... ur Nvrlro I'VIIII-MIWIISIB - Cnwlrm -.- 11eporo11-Aqu~do~ CHAPTER III. Abl@l*lil..B, .................................................99 Apparent Scarcity of Birds4urious Lizards-Molluskm 4' II A l''l'l5 It X. not Plentiful-Santa Cruz-Intense Cold-Large Cave-Ticul -Church and anvat.. ...................................... 34 AIIIVI~IIIIIFCII - Hoatlllritl Hrwrery - Popocatepetl - Giant C'rulur N~I~IA~WIL-I~II Cirnll-lrn Omn Ciudadxde Lerma- CHAPTER IV, K~IIIII-l Vnlcunra - Tolllar - Nntlvc Home- Ixtaccihuatl - 'I'I~~~IIII!'FIIIrodvr HkBrrn-HaKc Gl,wier--6nce the Giant of Hnciendv of Uxmal--House of the Dwarf-Ruined State MVBIFIIII VlIl~WllOCH.......................................... 104 of Buildings-House of the Governor-Elaborate Sculpture- House of the Nuns -Sculptured Lynx-Hacienda of Tabi- CII A PTER XI. Cave of Loltun4ve of Bolonchen .......................... 38 '. Zqdl~rk-Calrnn--Ya~lin--Patzeua~Hilly Town-Lake CKAPTER V. I'rlrv~raro- MayrdtlcentView-Duck Shooting-Peculiar t'allwm ~~~rh~l~~~l~il.wl~w~lmd-~ulhs~val~ey Joruk- Ruins of Labna-Arche of ~'IIIIII~VcdL'llnlrb-Volclmo Jorullo-Crater-La Playa- Soen -Spanish Conversatin of Cl~lcr~tlv Mryo 117 AmericanConsul-Marine ............................................... Civilizntion-l'ho~phoresence.. .............................. 50 CHAPTER XII. l VI. CEAPTFIR hem Monk-Cuautla-Town ofYautepec-Cerro de City of Veracruz-Yellow Fever-Atoyac River-Cordoba Calvrrlr-Naw Ppecica Discovered-Cretaceoum Limestone- -City of Orizaba- EI Borrego - Small Plaza -Beautiful C~nrwCof Vqy-Zumpango-Drainage of Mexico-Tree of Scenery-Village of Nogales-Moll~ska-cerm de Emcamela Llro H~rcl NlNht-Town of Tehuacan-Beautiful Yomica-Snn . Anlonln-Alwnce oP Animal Life.. , 186 -Fossils-Townof Maltrata-San AndresCha1c)icomulu.. .. Br . .. ....................... ... I A NATURALIST IN .MEXICO. CHAPTER In . We left Philadelphia on the morning of February 15th, and reached New York City to find it clothed in a wintry garb. That afternoon we took passage on board the steam- ship Orizaba, of theWard Steamship Company's Line. ' The mail steamer sailed promptly atthe time assigned, hauled.out into the stream by a couple of noisy little tugs, with two-inch hawsers made fast to stem and stern. Bejore sunset the pilot left the ship, which was then headed due south for Cuba. The sharp north-west wind, though blus- tering and aggressive, was in our favor, and helped us not a little on our journey. We doubled Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout well in towards the shore, sighting on the afternoon of the third day the Island of Abaco, largest of the Bahpma Isles. The woolen clothing worn when we came on board ship had already become oppressive, the cabin thermometer indicating '15O Fahrenheit. With nothing . to engage the eye save the blue sky and the bluer water, the most is made of every circumstance at sea, and even' trivial occurrences become notable. The playful dolphins went through their aquatic pantominesfor our amusement. Half a dozen of them started off just ahead of the. cut- . water, and raced the ship for two hours, keeping exactiy the same relative distance ahead without any apparent ef- fort. The broken main-mast of a ship, floating, with consid-. erable top hamper attached, was passed, suggestive of a recent wreck. .. I a NATURALI8T A IN MEXICO. EAVANA. B The voyager in these latitudes is constantly saluted by cl1ln-c.olorccl rock, upon whose precipitous side the fortifica- gentle breezes impregnated with tropical fragrance, intensi- tim is tvrr;w:ccl. It stands just at the entrance of the nar- iq rtlw I.IIIIIIIIC~ltxrclitl~ to tllc city, so that in passing in, one fied effect by the distant view of palmetto trees, clothing i the islands and growing down to the water's very edge. A5 . I *II rwdy rxc:llnngc greetings with the sentry on the outer reglide along, little groups of flying-fish are seen enjoying llIllll~lll~lll, an air bath, either in frolic or in fear; pursued, may be, by )II 11111 clpl~lmitn nllorcthe battcry of La Punta stands Bome aquatic enemy, to escape from whom they essay these RIII~VI~IIVI-~ 111111 kiclcm III th: cl~~lnncl. Passing through the aerial flights. On the port side may be seen the dim outline IIUIIIIW I IIIIIIIW~I)c-~wecw tlwnc two fortifications we entered of the Bahamas. Here is the harvest 'field of the conchol- IIIII IIU:~IIII,hlwmlvl 1111 thmait to wlrcrc it widens into a ogist, the beaches andcoral reefs affording-an abundant Imn111, IIIMI~I~lunt t11 n I)uoy, nnd Ilad our first glimpse of supply of exquisitely colored shells of many different I In IIU ~IIIIW.SIIIIIC! lI;Irl)cJr-boat# took us ashore. We species. IIIIII~I~nt IIIIIIII~ stllllc: ntcps pervaded by smells, passed into It was interesting to remain on deck at night and watch tlln I :IILIIJIII I IOIIW, und out of it into paved lanes full of the heavens, as we glided silently through the phosphores- .. dl~nhlq-~, III~HIIIIW,htrlclicrn, ncllers of fruit and lottery-tick- cent sea. Was it possible the grand luminary, which ren- ~m,rwyrycvl III Ilnllnec.titm in ;I clol~;~scdfractional currency. dered objects so plain that one could almost read fine print 'I lm IIIIIIIV~III th111-1)t rillllan islmd is that of our "shin- with no other help, shone solely by. borrowed light? We plantrl" WUI Iwinl. A c.ouldc of boiled cggs in a common all know it to be so, and also that Venus, Mars, Jupiter, rvntuumut c'llst lorty ccntr; u ride in a horse-car thirty-five. 1 III! II $40 and Saturn shine in a similar manner with light reflected .. wr~gc!n uf l~~i~lorclerk at the same ti.me were but from the sun. or #ßt1 II arontlr. ' How does he make ends meet aud pro- . We were' now runningthrough the Florida Straits, Villu IIJC hi8 flltlm!? where one branch of the Gulf Stream finds its way north- I~IIVIIII~is P thoroughly representative city-culian and . ward. The Gulf Stream1 Who can explain the-mystery twtlling clrc. Its history embraces in no small degree that of its motive power; what keeps its tepid waters in a course III dl 1111: island, being the center of its talent, wealth, and . of thousands of miles from mingling with the rest of the pphttion. The harbor, or bay, is shaped like one's out- aea; whence 'does it come? The accepted theories are qmccad 11111rc1, with the wrist for an'entrance, and is populous familiar enough, but it is hard to believe them. with the nllips of all. nations. It presents at all times a On the morning of the fourthday wesighted the Island ntme of great maritime activity. Besides the national ships of Cuba, and studied its long, bold outline.
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