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Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy

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Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy Commissioned by Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy LEAD AUTHORS Martin R. Stuchtey, Adrien Vincent, Andreas Merkl, Maximilian Bucher CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Peter M. Haugan, Jane Lubchenco, Mari Elka Pangestu oceanpanel.org Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy | i About the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy The High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (Ocean Panel) is a unique initiative by 14 world leaders who are building momentum for a sustainable ocean economy in which effective protection, sustainable production and equitable prosperity go hand in hand. By enhancing humanity’s relationship with the ocean, bridging ocean health and wealth, working with diverse stakeholders and harnessing the latest knowledge, the Ocean Panel aims to facilitate a better, more resilient future for people and the planet. Established in September 2018, the Ocean Panel has been working with government, business, financial institutions, the science community and civil society to catalyse and scale bold, pragmatic solutions across policy, governance, technology and finance to ultimately develop an action agenda for transitioning to a sustainable ocean economy. Co- chaired by Norway and Palau, the Ocean Panel is the only ocean policy body made up of serving world leaders with the authority needed to trigger, amplify and accelerate action worldwide for ocean priorities. The Ocean Panel comprises members from Australia, Canada, Chile, Fiji, Ghana, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Namibia, Norway, Palau and Portugal and is supported by the UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for the Ocean. The Ocean Panel’s approach is both ambitious and practical. Collaborative partnerships are essential to converting knowledge into action. To develop a common understanding of what a sustainable ocean economy looks like, the Ocean Panel gathers input from a wide array of stakeholders, including an Expert Group and an Advisory Network. The Secretariat, based at World Resources Institute, assists with analytical work, communications and stakeholder engagement. About This Report This report lays out the contours of a new relationship between the ocean and humanity. Like any relationship, it is reciprocal: it considers the care required as well as the rewards returned. It departs from a conservation philosophy of ‘minimising destruction’ and showcases a balanced model that simultaneously achieves effective ocean protection, sustainable production and equitable prosperity. This work has been commissioned as an input to the Ocean Panel. The report builds on the latest scientific research, analyses and debates from around the world—including the insights from 16 Blue Papers and 3 special reports commissioned by the Ocean Panel: ‘The Ocean as a Solution to Climate Change: Five Opportunities for Action’, ‘A Sustainable and Equitable Blue Recovery to the COVID-19 Crisis’ and ‘A Sustainable Ocean Economy for 2050: Approximating Its Benefits and Costs’. The report has also been informed by ideas emerging during Ocean Panel deliberations and consultations with a wide range of individuals, organisations and entities. The report has benefitted from a robust peer review process involving more than 20 experts from all over the globe. It seeks to synthesise science-based information and identify options the Ocean Panel may wish to consider and share broadly. However, by design it is not policy-prescriptive but rather presents options for action by policymakers and other key actors. Ultimately, this report is an independent input to the Ocean Panel process and does not necessarily represent the thinking of the Ocean Panel. Suggested Citation: Stuchtey, M., A. Vincent, A. Merkl, M. Bucher et al. 2020. “Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy.” Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. www.oceanpanel.org/ocean-solutions. ii | High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy Contents How to Use This Report iv Foreword v Executive Summary: The New Ocean Narrative 1 Prologue: Five Sustainable Ocean Economy Stories 17 Chapter 1: The Urgency of Today 25 Chapter 2: The Possibility of Tomorrow 53 Chapter 3: A Roadmap to a Sustainable Ocean Economy 75 Conclusion 118 Appendix 120 About the Authors 121 Acknowledgements 121 Endnotes 124 Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy | iii How to Use This Report This report can be read like a book, ‘cover to cover’—the reader will follow a narrative arc which balances hope and concern, present and future states, concrete examples and more abstract ideas. However, it is more probable that this report will be used like a readily accessible compendium of the latest scientific insights, frameworks and ideas that allow readers to find specific facts, messages or concepts and dive deeper on selected sections of the report. This report aims at answering three core questions: WHY: Why do we need a sustainable ocean economy and why now? (Chapter 1) WHAT: What would a sustainable ocean economy look like? What would be the main economic components and the interlinkages between them? What would be the benefits to expect for the economy, the people and the planet? (Chapter 2) HOW: How should such a complex socioeconomic transition be apprehended? How should a 10-year transformation agenda be structured? How should we get started? (Chapter 3) Readers looking for arguments about the need for a sustainable ocean economy and reasons for hope about the possibility of one should read the prologue and Chapter 1. Readers who want to understand what a sustainable ocean could look like in 2050, and the expected associated benefits, should read Chapter 2. Ocean practitioners already familiar with the concept of a sustainable ocean economy are invited to go straight to Chapter 3 to discover a fresh and practical approach to guide the transition to a sustainable ocean economy. In particular, Section 3.2 presents an ‘ocean action agenda’ that could be used as a handbook to help decision-makers structure their sustainable ocean economy program, be it at a state or a company level. This handbook identifies a number of key actions for each area of focus, covering both cross-cutting enablers and ocean- based sectors. Finally, Section 3.3 suggests some very concrete ideas that could be implemented immediately to start or accelerate the implementation of the more holistic, 10-year, ocean action agenda. iv | High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy Foreword As heads of government from ocean states, we know the ocean and its value. Even so, the ocean keeps providing us with new insights. From this report we learn that the ocean is even more important than we thought: for human and planetary health, for climate and food security, for local jobs and the global economy. We learn that ocean health is more at risk than we thought, because different pressures add up and contribute to rapid and unpredictable changes in ocean ecosystems. But importantly, we also learn that the ocean holds many of the urgent solutions humanity and the planet need. More fish and seafood production can provide abundant climate-friendly proteins for a growing population. Offshore clean energy can power the world many times over. Mangroves and seaweed can provide food, fuel and fibre while mitigating climate change and boosting biodiversity. Genetic resources in the ocean can advance health and fight disease. Here’s the lesson: We can and we must produce more from the ocean, and we have to do it in ways that mitigate climate change, preserve biodiversity, regenerate ocean health and leave no one behind. We can produce more, by protecting more. The report gives us confidence in that possibility. But the report also teaches us how we have to rethink ocean policy and management altogether. We must approach ocean management in an integrated manner in order to achieve the vision of protection, production and prosperity. We need a comprehensive approach to sustainably manage 100 percent of the ocean. This report – building on a wide range of “Blue Papers” and "Special Reports" – is the responsibility of experts invited to inform the deliberations of the Ocean Panel. We wish to thank the global group of more than 250 experts for providing this impressive volume of knowledge. As co-chairs of the Ocean Panel, we have brought 14 presidents and prime ministers together committed to sustainable ocean management and transformational policies that meet the test the report puts forward: protecting, producing and prospering from the ocean. Jointly, the Ocean Panel countries are embarking on this ambitious journey, with 2030 and the accomplishment of the UN Sustainable Development Goals as our horizon. We invite more leaders and people to join. Erna Solberg Tommy Remengesau, Jr. Prime Minister of Norway President of Palau Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy | v vi | High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The New Ocean Narrative Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy | 1 Executive Summary illions of people have personal connections to contrast to a ‘conservation philosophy’ of minimising the ocean. For many people living in coastal destruction or an ‘extractive approach’ of maximising the Bcommunities, the ocean is not only a source of resources that can be extracted from the ocean, the new food and livelihoods, it is an intrinsic part of their culture approach seeks to achieve the integration of the ‘three and heritage. For the millions of people who earn their Ps’ of effective protection, sustainable production and living from the ocean, it is a source of income and a way equitable prosperity. This approach does not mean just of life. For the 40 percent of the world’s population that leaving the ocean alone; it means proactively managing live within 150 kilometres of the coast and the hundreds human activities to use the ocean wisely rather than of millions of others who visit it, the ocean is central using it up, in order to help build a much richer future in to their lives1.
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