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1 ournal 9 79 Jof One-Name Studies Livery Company Records

Palliser Two New Guild Indexes Vol 10 Issue 6 April-June 2010 Vol A Surname With A History Mapping Global Surname Distributions Using DNA To Disprove A Relationship

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1 9 79 CHAIRMAN Peter Hagger 106 Hayling Ave Box G, 14 Charterhouse Buildings Little Paxton Goswell Road, London EC1M 7BA Huntingdon Tel: 0800 011 2182 PE19 6HQ Guild information E-mail: [email protected] 01480 477978 Website: www.one-name.org [email protected] Registered as a charity in England Bookstall and Wales No. 802048 As well as Guild publications, the VICE-CHAIRMAN Bookstall Manager has a supply of Paul Millington Journal folders, ties, lapel badges 58 Belmont Street and back issues of the Journal. The Worcester address is: President Worcestershire Derek A Palgrave MA MPhil FRHistS FSG WR3 8NN 01905 745217 Howard Benbrook Vice-Presidents [email protected] 7 Amber Hill John Hebden Camberley Richard Moore FSG Surrey SECRETARY GU15 1EB Iain Swinnerton TD.DL.JP. Kirsty Gray Alec Tritton England 11 Brendon Close E-mail enquiries to: Tilehurst, Reading [email protected] Berkshire RG30 6EA Guild Committee 0118 941 4833 Forum The Committee consists of the four [email protected] Officers, plus the following: This online discussion forum is open to any member with access to e-mail. Gordon Adshead TREASURER You can join the list by sending a message with your membership Keith Bage Cliff Kemball 168 Green Lane number to: John Coldwell Chiselhurst [email protected] Peter Copsey Kent To e-mail a message to the forum, Stephen Daglish BR7 6AY send it to: David Mellor 0208 467 8865 Roy Rayment [email protected] [email protected] Anne Shankland Regional Representatives Sandra Turner The Guild has Regional Reps in REGISTRAR many areas. If you are interested David Mellor in becoming one, please contact Bookstall Manager 2 Bromley Road the Regional Representatives Howard Benbrook West Bridgeford Coordinator, Sandra Turner: Forum Manager Nottingham Wendy Archer Notts NG2 7AP 2 St Annes Close Regional Reps Co-ordinator 01159 141838 Winchester Sandra Turner [email protected] Hampshire SO22 4LQ Website Manager Tel:01962 840388 Anne Shankland EDITOR E-mail: Librarian & Helpdesk Keith Bage [email protected] Roy Rayment 60 Fitzgerald Close Ely The Journal of One-Name Studies is Cambridgeshire published quarterly by the Guild of SUBCOMMITTEE CHAIRMEN CB7 4QD One-Name Studies and printed by Executive Peter Hagger 01353 650185 Flexpress Ltd, 5 Saxby St, Leicester Seminar Gordon Adshead [email protected] ISSN 0262-4842 © Journal of One-Name Studies ournal Volume 10 Issue 6 April-June 2010 Jof One-Name Studies CONTENTS

MAIN ARTICLES CONTENTS 6 Livery Company Records by Denise Mortorff 10 Palliser - A Surname With A History by T. J. Simmonds 12 Using DNA To Disprove A Relationship by Paul Caverly 14 Mapping Global Surname Distributions by Howard Mathieson 17 The British Library Web Archive by Anne Shankland

GUILD REPORTS - NEWS - EVENTS

5 Guild News Xtra 20 Two New Guild Indexes by Anne Shankland & Barbara Harvey 24 DNA Developments Seminar - Seminar Report by Arthur Carden 25 Forthcoming Seminars 26 Could You Be A Regional Rep For The Guild? by Jan Cooper

REGULARS

4 From The Chairman’s Keyboard by Peter Hagger 16 Marriage Challenge Update by Peter Copsey 18 A View From The Bookstall by Howard Benbrook 23 Registrar’s Notes by David Mellor 27 Book Review 27 One-Name Mail

ARTICLES, letters and other contributions are welcomed from members, especially accompanied by illustrations, and should be sent to the Editor. Publication dates will normally be the first day of January, April, July and October. Copyright of the material is to the Editor and Publishers of the Journal of One-Name Studies and the author. No material may be reproduced in part or in whole without the prior permission of the publishers. The views expressed in the Journal are those of individual contributors and are not necessarily those of the committee of the Guild of One-Name Studies. The distribution list for this Journal, and the information in the Register Update, is based on the information held in the Guild database on the first of the month preceding the issue date. From the Chairman’s Keyboard...

By Peter Hagger

his is only my second column as informed us that they wished to stay Chairman and almost certainly with the Guild. We therefore had 54 “next year when the Tmy last as I fully expect a new lapsed members which, together with nomination forms appear Chairman to be elected when the those members who had resigned Committee holds its first meeting at during the year, meant that we have give some thought to our Annual Conference, just a few lost more members than we had standing yourself or days after you receive this edition of anticipated. However only a very few the Journal. Whilst on the subject of gave the subscription increase as their nominating another elections, I am a little disappointed reason for leaving. member for the Guild that once again there has not been Committee the need for a ballot for the election In addition to all of that with some ” of the Committee this year. I believe it help from others Cliff again has is always a healthy sign when elections produced three very useful papers either been outstanding servants of are contested, and it also gives those on recruitment and retention and the Guild or are recognised as experts elected a real mandate to manage. So members services for our special in the field of One Name Studies. Not next year when the nomination forms marketing meeting in March. Cliff surprisingly, a good number of the appear give some thought to stand- has also been working with Kirsty recipients qualify in both categories. ing yourself or nominating another Gray, our Secretary, to put all the final member for the Guild Committee. At arrangements in place for what I am By the time you read this we will have that first meeting of the Committee sure will be another great Conference. held our special meeting to discuss the we will consider co-options up to the So a very big thank you to Cliff for Guild’s Marketing Strategy and I am number of vacancies, so if you feel you several months of very hard work. sure this will be referred to in a future could contribute to the governance of issue of the Journal, but I would like the Guild please contact either myself One of the successes this year has to thank all those members who have or the Secretary prior to Conference. been the introduction of PayPal sent in their comments which will aid payments via the web site. Since the the discussions when we meet. Renewals introduction we have had over 500 In my last column I paid tribute to transactions, so clearly it is popular. New Guild Indexes Peter Walker for his service to the You can now join the Guild, register The range of services the Guild is Guild. This time I would particularly a surname, buy vouchers, renew your able to provide to the membership like to thank Cliff Kemball for the membership and pay for conference continues to expand and recently we inordinate amount of work he has and seminars. have seen the launch on the website done recently. The last couple of of the Scottish Marriage Index and the months and the first of the new year Conference Matters Probate Index. These projects have are always busy for the Treasurer with I am sure, like me, those of you who been initiated and driven through by the Annual Report and Accounts to have booked for Conference are very Anne Shankland and Barbara Harvey prepare. This year, however, Cliff has much looking forward to what we and you will find details of these had to take the lead on sorting out hope will be a very good weekend. indexes elsewhere in this edition of membership renewals. Whilst due in The Committee will be holding a drop the Journal. November 2009, by the beginning in session on the Friday afternoon of January 2010 we still had 28% before Conference starts. The idea The Committee continues to consider of the membership who had not is to allow members to come and new services and one of the constraints renewed their subscription and we meet committee members and discuss is always man or woman power so were in danger of losing upwards of any issues regarding the Guild, ask even if you cannot offer to join the 250 members. This was in part due questions of the Committee and Committee there are numerous other to our system for starting to chase make suggestions. One of the things ways you could help the Guild. Please members earlier breaking down. Cliff, I am very much looking forward to at email the Secretary or myself and we with a lot of help from Roy Rayment, Conference is to announce the first will do our best to fit round pegs in got things moving and by the end Guild Master Craftsman. Following round holes. n of February 2010, 71 members had the receipt of a good number of their membership lapsed. Shortly nominations from members, the afterward some 17 members were Committee has approved a list of re-instated to the Guild as they had recipients who between them have

4 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 Guild NewsXtra

Guild Marketing Update by Peter Hagger Chelsea Pensioners Cover Update s publicised, the Guild held The meeting felt that we should a special marketing meeting not be targeting expansion at all on March 6th at the Sekforde costs, but look for “quality” members. uild member The world’s leading publication for one-namers - E NA N M O E F S O T

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Arms in London. Members were John Carbis 1 9 The meeting acknowledged that the 9 ournal 7 Jof One-Name Studies invited to attend or to send their potential in the USA was considerable wrote in with Finding Out New Years What We’re About Resolutions G Changes In The Field Of DNA Testing For One-Namers From Genmap To Tautonomy input to Chairman Peter Hagger so as there are many DNA projects there. an update to the Google Earth An Overview Of Army Records that their views could be represented. “Chelsea Pensioners” For One-Namers The meeting was well attended with Finally the meeting looked at mem- cover on the Jan-Mar Vol 10 Issue 5 January-March 2010 Vol around 30 people present and a large bers’ services and participation. Journal. He writes: number of written contributions were received. It was a lively meeting with The next steps are for John Coldwell The picture of the All the latest Guild news and updates lots of views and ideas being discussed to draft a Marketing Plan and this five In-Pensioners of with a good deal of commonality in the will be considered at the first normal the Royal Hospital Chelsea by June views expressed. It was pleasing that meeting of the new Committee in June. Mendoza is in a sense, incomplete. we had more non-committee members present than committee members. John is also looking for people to Reading from left to right the names join a new Marketing Sub Committee of these gentlemen are as follows: The day started looking at the Guild’s which will assist in developing the image today and what we would like Marketing Plan and managing its • Jack Rogerson age 85 and still it to be in the future. delivery. It is envisaged much of this going strong. will be done by email etc avoiding • Sam Weekes at 89 is feeling his Paul Millington gave us his thoughts face to face meetings if possible. years, just a little. on the environment he felt the Guild • Frank Chambers sadly is no longer will be operating in within the next If you would like to join in this with us as is Michael McClean. ten years and copies of his slides are work in some way please contact me. I • Joe Britton at 98 just keeps on available on the web site at http:// would also like to hear from members going. www.one-name.org/members/Mar- if they wish to add further ideas to our ketingMeeting.html Marketing Plan. Jack came here from Australia having migrated there after leaving the British The meeting then looked at promo- Notes of the meeting appear on the Army. Sam served his time with the tion of the Guild with many new ideas web site at http://www.one-name.org/ Royal Sussex Regiment and Joe served being suggested. members/MarketingMeeting.html with the Royal Fusiliers.

Follow Buckinghamshire Have a DNA Project? the Family History Society Do you have a DNA Project, and have Guild on you made any significant discoveries, Buckinghamshire Family History or increased your knowledge about Twitter Society will be holding its Open your registered surnames? Day on Saturday 24th July 2010, witter is one of the most used 10am to 4pm, at the Grange We are looking to compose an buzzwords of the moment. Billed School, Wendover Way, Aylesbury, article covering the success of DNA Tas a micro blogger, it is a useful Bucks HP21 7NH (south east of Projects associated with one-name way of keeping up to date with people town between A413 and A41). studies. You can help by submitting including well known genealogists, a paragraph or two about your companies & celebrities. For instance There will be many attractions for discoveries or increased knowledge you can follow Else Churchill of the researchers including full Bucks about your surname as a result of SOG, Dick Eastman, TNA, FindMyPast, FHS library and databases, talks, your DNA Project. Ancestry, Who Do You Think You Are? guest societies and commercial and many more. suppliers. To submit your DNA Project, write to [email protected], with the Why not come and follow the Guild Free admission and free car parking name of your project, the vendor, on Twitter (www.twitter.com), look for at the school. the number of participants, your our user name @GuildOneName. name, and then a paragraph or Further information can be found two regarding your discoveries or at www.bucksfhs.org.uk increased knowledge.

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 5 Livery Company

Records By Denise Mortorff

ncestral livelihoods are the The most prominent and influential starting point for the study of livery companies were termed,”The Aguild craft and trade records. Great Twelve” distinguished from all In England, the most significant of other such companies known as the these record types are of the London “minor companies”. Moreover, “The Livery Companies. Learning their Great Twelve” had a specific order of origins, role in history, who joined precedence. In either case, the organi- them, general company organization, zation’s membership represented and the nature of the record content their business trade interests. This was will prepare a researcher to explore distinguished by the company craft or this outstanding resource. The focus trade name added to one’s own. (e.g. in this commentary is on pre-1800 Thomas Coombs, Mercer or Strange- company history and records. ways Mudd, Glover) Members were not always consistent in making use ABOUT LIVERY COMPANIES of the appellation and, for those in These self-governing guild organiza- more than one company, they used tions emerged in the 1100s becoming the most relevant company name for part of the economic structure in their purposes at the time. England and serving a multi-fac- eted role in politics and society over ROLE IN HISTORY hundreds of years. Livery companies Derived from mutual protection have particular historical value from societies that provided fraternity, early the earliest known chartered company guilds were also known as ‘misteries’ of Weavers in 1155 into the 1700s for the Latin term ministerium = occu- when over 80 such organizations pation.3 They eventually could be rec- Fig. 2 Freedom Certificate ‘casket’ functioned.1 While there are just over ognized as livery companies by the carried by livery company members. 100 London livery companies known Crown with charters that formally gave today2, with some still functioning them entitlements and defined their ”provided that no fish could be sold and new ones being chartered, the duties and responsibilities. (“livery” in London except by the Mistery of 1700s ended the greatest period of is ceremonial attire worn Fishmongers; they also limited the economic and historical influence due by members who attained markets at which fish could be sold in to their changing role. livery status).1 As they pro- the City and made it the duty of the gressed, livery company Wardens of the Mistery to oversee members fulfilled mer- the selling of fish and to ensure that cantile, political and none but sound fish was offered…” 4 social interests both in the City and building The influence of guilds was even of the empire. more intertwined in the City’s functioning with company members Each company’s providing the pool from which the commercial interests were Lord Mayor was (and still is) selected. of importance to London’s ruling Specific to livery companies, once leaders. Members were included in the a person was granted freedom of City’s decision-making infrastructure as the company, the Lord Mayor could part of the governing body. Through then grant the person the privilege this participation, members con- of Freedom of the City. With this trolled business trade standards rite of passage attained, members and activities. For example, the could then practice business, as well Fishmongers Company Charter as elect and be elected as Common Fig. 1 The Worshipful by Edward’s I-III, Councilmen and Aldermen. A guild Company of Weavers member’s freedom certificate was Charter granted by Henry II carried like a license in a container in 1155. referred to as a ‘casket’ (see Fig 2). 5

6 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 It was common for the reigning Through trade company member- to join one of the “Great Twelve” Monarch to look to the companies ship, livery company members gained livery companies which had the most and their members for financing and further opportunities to promote influence in government and business. support of ventures for exploration their business and personal interests. The choice to join and move up in the and colonization throughout the It was not uncommon for a trade com- ranks of the company was influenced world. Through their involvement pany to receive entitlements by being by cost of admission, livery fees and with the City, they were given special given sole trading rights for specific civic responsibilities one could antici- consideration and at times civic commodities relative to a country or a pate fulfilling. privileges in return. For example, colony thereby adding to a freeman’s Elizabeth I conveyed to the livery business prospects and advantages. A To practise a craft or trade in London, companies that they support the 1600s blatant example of this occurred, in admission to “freedom” of the City venture to settle Virginia.6 A record 1661 when the Levant Company (AKA was attainable by demonstrating a response to this Turkey Company) established a new request, is noted in the Septimo die charter restricting membership in the 1. Completion of apprenticeship Aprilis 1609 Minutes of the Drapers’ Company by forbidding, ”all persons (servitude) Company. In this case I discovered other than noblemen or gentlemen 2. Being a child of a freeman (pat- an ancestor as an Adventurer paying of quality who resided in London or rimony) monies to support the “Plantacion in within a radius of twenty miles from Virginia”, the Jamestowne Colony, in it to be admitted to membership, 3. Purchase or gift (redemption) by part, as follows: unless they first became freemen of presentation or direct petition the City.” 7 to Court of Aldermen. VIRGINIA Adventurers wch 4. Honorary (rarely given to indi- adventured wth the house and not WHO JOINED LIVERY viduals or groups) in their owne names but included COMPANIES in the sume of Clli as on the Livery Company membership was The average age of an apprentice other side of this leafe essential to practise business in was 14. Women typically joined as London. A 1563 Statute of Apprentices widows of members or as daughters Mr John Coombe vli required anyone entering a trade had by patrimony. After 7 years an Mr Allen Cotton vli to serve an apprenticeship. Until 1856, apprentice, admitted as a member of Mr William Banister vli a person practising a craft or trade in the company, was eligible to apply to Mr John Rany vli London had to be a member of a liv- the City of London Court of Common Mr John Meredethe vli ery company. Although not required, Council or the Court of Aldermen Mr John Shawe vli many continued this practice after for admission to the “freedom”, and Mr John Rose vli 1856. The Charters may have indicated if approved, required to make oath Mr Richard Husbandes vli residency requirements for members. to both the Sovereign and the Lord Mr Willm Essington vli (e.g. London only or a certain distance Mayor of London. While estimates James Mallett vli outside London) vary, it is safe to say well over a [Total]: lli majority of company members were Members represented a range of from outside London. Fig. 3 1609 Drapers’ Company social classes including gentry. Mer- Minutes naming members as chants and professional men were not LIVERY COMPANY Adventurers supporting the required to join a company, but many ORGANIZATION Virginia Colony settlement. did. Those that were wealthy tended Each company has a governmental framework based on charters, ordi- nances, grants, etc. The Court of Assistants is the governing body and specific roles emerge for those who have progressed from an “apprentice” to “freeman” to “livery member”. Age ranges were: Apprentice 11 to 21, Freemen 21 to 24 and up, Warden 30 and up. Until the 1700s, a company member likely practiced a related trade. As time progressed, this was not always true.

Roles are mentioned throughout records so familiarity with them can be helpful in studying record content particularly as it relates to the nature of the contribution of one’s ancestors. Fifteen membership roles or categories, possibly more, can be performed in Livery Companies.1 Their application may vary among companies.

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 7 APPLYING RECORDS TO FAMILY HISTORY Company and non-company record sources that pertain to livery com- panies and their members should be considered depending on one’s research interests. This information should be studied within the context of London and records about its resi- dents and history as found in major research collections.

COMPANY RECORDS encompass authorities and rights, governing, membership, finances, and more. Records vary from company to com- pany in type, completeness, and time- frames covered. While some of the ancient company records pre-date 1400, records are more prevalent in the late 1500s/1600s forward. The most relevant records for family history are1

• Apprenticeship Binding Books / Alphabetical Lists of Apprentices • Freedom Admission Registers and Indexes / Alphabetical Fig. 4 1598 Haberdasher Company Apprenticeship Binding Record Entries. Lists of Freemen • Quarterage Books Francis Kendall, son of William Ken- identity of a person and where they • Court Minutes and dall, late of Buckingham in the county were in place and time. The ability to Wardens Accounts of Norfolk, yeoman, deceased, was link back into shires is invaluable. The placed to Roger Jeston, citizen and Masters whose own apprenticeship • Accounts and other Records Haberdasher of London, for nine years may pre-date apprentice records can • Orphans Tax Books from the feast of the birth of the lord still be identified in these records. last, etc. Dated 14th day. Both examples illustrate the content APPRENTICESHIP RECORDS can con- can vary in similar record types. sist of a Register of Apprenticeship Note: This record was made April, Many of these records cover a lesser Bindings, Presentment to Court, and 1589 so the parent, William Kendall, is timeframe than the Minutes and Apprenticeship Indentures. Details not living by that date. Buckingham is some other records of the Company. can contain: probably Buckenham, Norfolk. So, member information may still be derived from earlier non-apprentice • Name Another example, from Boyd’s Roll8, records of the company. a secondary source consulted for • Date of binding or presentment Drapers’ Company records, reads: FREEDOM RECORDS consisted of • Father’s name (mother Freemen Lists (addresses, occupations, or guardian) Combes, Archadell son of John of apprentices taken); Freedom admis- • Place of origin Sparsholt, Bucks Arm dec sion details (name, date and method of admission, address); apprentice infor- • Age 1656 April 10: Binding as an appren- mation, fathers name only, fee only). • Term of apprenticeship tice to Christopher Lovett 8 years. QUARTERAGE RECORDS were quar- • Master’s name, Elizabeth Combes of Oxon, widow, terly memberships dues and consisted occupation, address £1000 [undated] of addresses, occupations, period of • Sum paid to master membership, date of death, fees paid. Note: Christopher Lovett was the These can pre-date admissions records. • Fees/gifts due to the company brother to Elizabeth Combes and the • Date of master change and uncle to Archdale. The John Coombe, COURT MINUTES AND WARDEN’s who took over responsibility. Draper in the Jamestowne record was ACCOUNTS Minutes are the fullest the grandfather of Archdale Combes. record of a company. The Wardens An example from the Haberdashers’ accounts include transactions between Company 1583-91 Apprenticeship These records indicate “parentage”, the company and members, as well as Binding Records I transcribed at the “provenance”, the “familial” nature a broad range of finances. These can Guildhall for my Kendall Ancestry of the companies and key associations pre-date admissions records. ONS reads (see Fig 4): that can distinguish the unique

8 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 ACCOUNTS AND OTHER RECORDS Company Histories/Records – Guild- • Orphan’s Court Recognizance comprise a mix of things like estates, hall , SOG, LDS FHL, other major re- Records. Court of Orphans. Lon- charities, pensions, legal affairs, positories. don Corporation. London Met- receipts, etc. These should be ropolitan Archive. CLA/002 compared to one’s research interests. Apprenticeship/Member Indexes or • Lists of City of London Inhabit- An interesting example are Irish Estate Abstracts – ants. Leaflet. Corporation of records some dating into the 1600s. • City Livery Companies and London Records Office. (website) Related Organizations. Guild- • Inhabitants of London. Percival ORPHANS TAX RECORDS are a list of hall Library Research Guide 3. Boyd (SOG, available at on the all apprentices 1694-1861 bound in the Guildhall Library. 3rd ed 1989. Origins website, major reposi- company listing the apprentice’s name, (website) New edition forth- tories/libraries) the date of binding or presentment coming. and the tax paid for the relief of • Trading Companies (repositories • Searching For Members or Those orphan’s into the Chamber of London. vary) Apprenticed to Members of City of London Livery Companies. • British History On-Line. Centre RECORD USE CONSIDERATIONS Guildhall Library. Manuscripts for Metropolitan History, spon- • Prior to researching in these Section Leaflet Guides to Records sor. Search terms: Apprentice- records, it may be necessary (website) ship (under Incorporation and to study livery companies to Citizenship); Company Name determine where some crafts or • Sources for Tracing Apprenticeship trades “fit”. and Membership In City Livery NOTES Companies. Guildhall Library. 1. City Livery Companies and • A defunct livery company may Manuscripts Section Leaflet Related Organizations. A guide have merged with another, so Guides to Records (website) to their archives in Guildhall records may not be where you Library. 3rd ed. 1989. (Guildhall would expect to find them. • Apprenticeship Records as Sourc- es of Genealogy, Research Guide Library Research Guide 3). • A person could be a member of Domestic Records Information 2. See a list of livery companies at more than one company. 80. The National Archives TNA. Wikipedia. • Not all apprentices completed (website) 3. www.mercers.co.uk Homepage their apprenticeship and stayed > The Company > History The • London Livery Company Appren- in livery companies. Worshipful Company of Mercers ticeship Indexes. 48+ Volumes. 4. http://www.fishhall.co.uk/fish.htm • For some companies, records Cliff Webb and Society of Gene- The Worshipful Company of the may not be abstracted, indexed alogists (Origins Network, SOG Fishmongers. Excerpt & Armorial or published. Bookstore, major repositories/ Bearing Image from “The Com- libraries) • Original records may take con- pany History”. siderable time to study. Hand- • The Apprentices of Great Britain 5. www.london.gov.uk/corporation writing may be a major chal- 1710-74. Society of Genealogists. Leisure and Culture > Local His- lenge. Inland Revenue Tax records. 2 tory and Heritage > Freedom of series. (Origins Network, The the City > History. • Many records are not likely to National Archives Series IR1, LDS 6. The Worshipful Company of contain personal information Family History Library) Drapers Archives. London, Eng- however “minutes” can provide land. unanticipated gems. • Association Oath Rolls 1696. The 7. Wood, Alfred Cecil. A History National Archives TNA. Series • Non-members are also noted in of the Levant Company. Oxford C213 (copies at the Corporation company records. (employees, University Press. 1935. p.95. of London Records Office, the non-member estate tenants, 8. Boyd, Percival, MA, FSA, Citizen Society of Genealogists, Origins charitable foundations, craft and Draper. Roll of the Drapers’ Network, LDS Family History and tradesmen not members but Company of London Collected Library) under Company power) from the Company’s Records and • Livery Companies Membership other sources. Croydon: Andress WHERE TO FIND RECORDS Database Project. Centre for Press.1934. n Livery company records can be found Metropolitan History. Project in in a variety of formats and organizations formative stages to digitize free- IMAGE CREDITS: including subscription services. dom and apprenticeship records • Fig.1 Archivist, Worshipful in Company archives. Not pub- Company of Weavers Company Website Links – Livery licly available at this time. See • Fig. 2 London Corporation Companies Database hosted British History On-Line. • Fig. 3 Archivist, Worshipful by the Fishmongers Company Company of Drapers* http://81.130.213.163:8002/cgi-bin/lcl.exe Related Records – • Fig. 4 Archivist, Worshipful • City Freedom Records. Leaflet. Company of Haberdashers Original Records – Guildhall, Corporation of London Records (original at Guidhall) * Company Archives, LDS Family History Office. (website) (Guildhall. Lon- * Images photographed from Library (film) don Metropolitan Archives LMA) originals by D. Mortorff.

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 9 Palliser a surname with a history

By T. J. Simmonds

alliser is a comparatively rare These and other records show surname, but it is well-known the name to be concentrated in Pon the tennis circuit and by fans the area straddling the A1, or of Anthony Trollope. The Queen’s Deere Street, between Leeds and Club, in Palliser Road, was built on Durham, the highest numbers being land once owned by Sir William between Bishop Auckland in County Palliser who was also said to be the Durham and Ripon in Yorkshire, a inspiration behind The Pallisers, the distance of about thirty-five miles. long-running BBC TV series based on I term this the “Palliser Belt”. The Trollope’s political novels. two civil registration districts of Thirsk in Yorkshire and Auckland in Trollope liked unusual surnames County Durham show the highest and while working for the Post Office concentrations of the surname and in Clonmel in Ireland in the 1840s, all its variants, during the early he doubtless knew the Reverend Parish Register period, during civil John Bury Palliser, who was Rector registration and in censuses of the of Clonmel. He was also Sir William mid-nineteenth century. Palliser’s uncle. The name Pallister is included as The Dictionary of National Biography a variant, but whereas Palliser was gives some details of notable Pallisers, predominant in the Thirsk area, including: Major Sir William Palliser Pallister was predominant in the M.P. (1830-1882) who built Barons Auckland area, implying the two were Sir William Palliser Court in London and who was separate names. This is not necessarily (Photo: C. D. Crocker) knighted for his ordnance inventions; so, for many Pallister ancestors’ names his brother Captain John Palliser appear in seventeenth-century records between Newcastle and Hawick in the (1817-1887), whose explorations in without the ‘t’. That came later. Scottish Borders. If Pallister or Palliser Canada were commissioned by the derived from this location, the name British government; their ancestor Dialect might be more predominant in the Dr. William Palliser (1644-1727), The addition of the ‘t’ may be a matter Borders area, but that is not the case. Archbishop of Cashel; and his cousin, of dialect. I have heard Yorkshire Admiral Sir Hugh Palliser (1723-1796), people say Pallister, sounding the ‘t’, The close proximity of the two the mentor of Captain Cook. even when it is known the ‘t’ is absent registration districts of Thirsk and in the spelling. Pallister was more Auckland suggests all Pallisers (and Burke’s Peerage1 begins the Palliser commonly found in East Yorkshire, Pallisters) in England possibly have pedigree with the father of Admiral County Durham and Northumberland a common ancestor originating Sir Hugh Palliser, Bt, while Burke’s while those in the Yorkshire “Palliser from somewhere approximating the Landed Gentry2 and Burke’s Irish Belt”, omitted the t. Durham/Yorkshire border along the A1. Family Records3 start the family lineage with the ancestor of the admiral and The name Palser is often linked with Surname dictionaries say the name archbishop, John Palliser, “born about Palliser in surname dictionaries, but itself is from an old Flemish word 1550”, but who was actually born I doubt this is true. However, I have meaning ‘a maker of palings and some twenty-seven years later. not yet investigated my own theory fences’ which suggests those who built that Palser, which predominates palings around early Norman wooden Surname dictionaries state Palliser in Gloucestershire, may have a castles. Pallister is given as the female is a surname originating in York- different origin. equivalent but I cannot readily accept shire and County Durham, which is ladies undertaking this function. borne out by early parish registers The Northumberland Assize Rolls4 showing the name predominantly refer to a family called Palleston of In the thirteenth century, the term in Yorkshire and Durham, with a Palleston (or Palxton or Plaxtone) in was also used for that of a ‘park- few strays in neighbouring North- the early 13th century. Now known keeper’, as in a warden of a Royal umberland, Lincolnshire and, not as Pawston, this place is in the deer park or a bouncer of poachers. surprisingly, London. Northumberland National Park, Mid-twentieth-century French dic-

10 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 tionaries still defined the word version of the Latin balistarius, and for proofe of these armes but nothing ‘pallisser’ as ‘one who attaches that same old Flemish or French word done in it.” Later members of the vines to a wall.’ All three of these for ‘a maker of palings and fences.’ family used the same arms and the trades involve some kind of building motto: Deo Volente (God Willing). of wooden frames or structures. Palliser remains quite a rare surname The ‘parkkeeper’s’ duty probably in England and there are about twice The internet can give too much included the building and mainte- as many Pallisters as Pallisers. information while at the same time, nance of fences around the park. giving too little. One frustrating web site, which has now disappeared, The Durham Account Rolls5 refer gives the following blazon in Catalan, to John Rogerson, ‘palicero de without revealing its source. “Pallisé: Mugleswyck’ and the custodian of De origen catalán. Descripcion del the two park gates in 1368/9. Willis & Escudo de Armas: Escudo partido Clark6 refers to Thomas Combe, paliser de sable y plata. En cada jefe, un “to make the pale of the closure of leon rampante. En la punta un leon the college” in 1442. The Durham rampante comparte los cuarteles.” Account Rolls7 refers to Jacobo Foster ‘palaser de Beaurpark’ in 1536-7. The translation: “Pallisé: of Catalan origin. Description of Coat of Arms: All these palisers have surnames: Divided shield in sable (black) and Rogerson, Combe and Foster; argent (white). A rampant lion on which shows the word described an each chief points dexter and sinister occupation well after the surname (top right and top left). A rampant itself was already established. lion spans the quarters (divisions) in the middle base (lower part)” This is The earliest Palliser I have found is just another way of saying “per pale Roger Palesor, who was fined 2d at and sable argent, three lions rampant Stanley in the huge manor of Wakefield counterchanged. It is the same coat of in 1315,8 not long after one Adam arms held by the Pallisers of Newby Ballaster was beheaded at Easingwold.9 Wiske and Ireland.

After the fourteenth century, the Was this a coat of arms held by the numbers of Pallisers increase in the Descendants of Sir William Palliser in Pallisers in Spain before they came indexes, but prior to this period are Barons Court. (Photo: P. A. Simmonds) to England? Could they not prove it many index entries for Ballistarius and because it was not granted in England, the variants of Arbalister, Arblaster but in Spain or even France? and Alblaster. Adam Ballaster could Between 1837-1908, there were have been either a late Ballistarius or 926 Palliser and 1933 Pallister births While Palliser is a common spelling an early Palliser. registered in England. In more modern in Spain, Pellicer is a common variant times, between 1984-2007, there were which has a different etymology to In the Domesday Survey of 1087,10 215 births registered where either that in England. In Spain, a pelicer was one Odo Ballistarius (or Gunner or the father’s or mother’s surname was one who worked with furs, or pelts, Crossbowman), held land in Yorkshire Palliser and 473 where either of the the medieval Latin variation of which and Lincolnshire. From the same root parents’ surnames were Pallister. was peliparius. Another variant is derives the modern ‘ballistics,’ or the Pallicer, which is similar to the spelling subject of missiles. Odo Ballistarius The Palliser surname is far more used in medieval England. was William the Conqueror’s chief common (in that spelling) in Spain than military technician and was rewarded it is in England. The 2001 telephone Another web site11 gives the origin with substantial grants of lands directory gives 174 Pallisers in Spain. of the Pellicer surname as south-west in Yorkshire just east of York, in A similar directory for England and France, from Castro Pellice in the Albi Thixendale, Bugthorpe, Youlthorpe, Scotland gives 142 Pallisers (excluding region. This site gives a different coat Skirpenbeck and elsewhere. None of Pallister). The other main variant in of arms to that early Pallisé family. these places have any later Palliser Spain is Pellicer, but neighbouring During the Albigensian Crusade of connections. Odo Ballistarius probably France abounds with Pelissiers. 1207, this family fled to other areas left no descendants except possibly a of south-west France and the Catalan nephew, Amfrey de Chauncy, who This begs the question, did a Palliser region of Spain. From there, the name received his Lincolnshire lands. go from England to Spain, or did a spread from the Barcelona area to Palliser come from Spain to England? other parts of Spain, and particularly Hybrid to Menorca in the Balearic Islands. There is a potential connection The coat of arms for the Pallisers of between the ancient Latin word of Newby Wiske in Dugdale’s Visitation This brings us almost full circle, balistarius, the adaption of French and of Yorkshire in 1665 is blazoned thus: because Menorca was known as Latin words into the English language, per pale and sable argent, three lions the “Island of Slingers” because of and the emergence of the name of rampant counterchanged. Dugdale their ancient skill with slingshot. The Palliser as a possible hybrid Anglicised made the comment: “Respite is given etymology of Balearic is not known,

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 11 but perhaps it has the same root as balistarius, meaning missile. Using DNA Mayor To confuse matters, Sir Thomas to Disprove a Pullison, Mayor of London in 1584, registered his coat of arms in 1565. It was the same coat of arms as Relationship Palliser of Newby Wiske and Pallisé of Catalonia. Thomas Pullison had no by Paul Caverly Yorkshire connections and his father was William Polloxhill of Foots Cray in Kent. There is a Pulloxhill near have been actively using genealogy Since I had an existing genealogy Bedford but neither Polloxhill nor DNA for about 8 years. Early in DNA Project I suggested that if Rob Pulloxhill seem to exist as surnames. I 2009 a distant cousin passed on. was interested we could compare Whether Sir Thomas Pullison was I had been fortunate enough to his DNA to others in my project connected to the Puleston family meet him when I became involved in that are related to George. Rob was of Puleston (or Pyvelesdon)12 in genealogy years ago. Nowadays many interested in exploring DNA but did Shropshire is not known. Their coat death notices have links to websites not know how to start the process. of arms bears no resemblance to that where you may leave a condolence Rob’s situation appeared to be an of Sir Thomas Pullison or the Pallisers message (I do recommend checking interesting genealogy challenge so I of Newby Wiske. these out from time to time as I have spent the last nine months working made contact with a number of new with Rob on his DNA. As far as the English Pallisers or cousins through these posts). Pallisters are concerned, I suspect We started out with a basic test for the name originated in Languedoc My cousin George died at age 85, Rob (12 markers) and found he did in south-west France and made its married late in life and had no known not come close to a match with others way to Spain, then England in the children. There were only a few in our tree. Rob was concerned there late 13th century. n condolence messages posted on-line could have been an error. We were and mine was the only one with an using FamilyTreeDNA as our test lab, email address showing. Shortly after who specialize in genealogy DNA Endnotes my condolence posting I received an testing, not paternity testing. I asked email from a gentleman in Australia FamilyTreeDNA about checking the 1. Burke’s Peerage, 1823, Palliser, who heard of George’s death. For this results but they wanted a second fee Bt article I will refer to this Australian to do this. One thing I have learned gentleman by the name of Rob. 2. Burke’s Landed Gentry, 1893, vol about genealogists is that they are Rob was trying to learn more about ii, Palliser of Annestown frugal but are willing to pay for George who he believed was his related genealogy resources if results 3. Burke’s Irish Family Records, biological father. His story is complex can help with research. I checked out 1956, Palliser of Annestown but I corresponded with Rob and AncestryDNA and found they had an 4. Northumberland Assize Rolls, found he had no evidence about who on-going special to test with even Surtees Society, 1890 his biological father may have been. more DNA markers for a cheaper After he was born Rob was adopted price. Rob agreed to this and we 5. Surtees Society, ref. 575 by his mother’s new husband. Rob is tested 33 markers for Rob at Ancestry. 6. Cambridge 1886, vol. 1 p.387 now 50 and through family folklore Although different labs may use some he learned he had an unknown different markers the majority of the 7. Surtees Society, ref. 703 biological father. His mother, still markers are the same. We found the 8. Early Yorkshire Charters living in Australia, confirmed this and results for AncestryDNA markers were she pointed to the recently deceased the same as the 12 markers tested 9. Wakefield Court Roll. YAS vol George as the one she believed was at FamilyTreeDNA plus we now had LXXVIII the father at the time she lived in more markers to look at. The results 10. Domesday Book, Yorkshire, vols Toronto, Ontario, Canada. still indicated Rob was not genetically I & II, ed John Morris, Phillimore, connected to our family tree and Chichester 1986 George’s family branch is spread out therefore not related to George. 11. http://www.ferrando.org/ and basically broken apart like many apellidos/pellicer.htm others. George actually became a Rob was very distraught and wanted merchant seaman for most of his life to find his genetic roots. He talked with 12. http://puleston-jones.com/ and did not have any roots to speak maternal relatives and learned of some index.htm of. I did not want to just hand over other possible candidates that could be George’s family genealogy to this his biological father. He explored these Australian stranger but I was fascinated other leads and ran into opposition. with the sincerity of his story. A couple With the help of a maternal aunt they of George’s relatives hinted they were located someone who was a nephew aware of a possible birth out of wedlock to the new potential biological father but no one talked about it. and willing to do a DNA test. Rob and

12 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 his family decided to take a different ran comparisons. We found a couple the same results share a common approach with this test candidate. of close matches but after contacting male ancestor in the past. On the This time a living person was being these individuals they could not table below markers referred to identified as Rob’s potential biological provide any new useful information. as DSY # are compared under a father. However, this candidate had a Rob’s results will stay posted and sequence of marker numbers family of his own and denied being I suggested he check back every 6 such as 393, 390, and 19. Results Rob’s biological father. Rob decided months for possible new matches. for test subjects are noted under to go through a Paternity Test lab for Rob’s email is linked to his results so each of these sequences to these tests comparisons. The process if someone has new test data that compare and to find possible cost more but was very fast and matches Rob’s, they can contact him matching results. confidential. Rob also had to provide directly. Like traditional genealogy, a new DNA sample for himself under researching can take years before we 4. We do not have George’s DNA so controlled conditions where a doctor finally find that elusive missing relative using genealogy we connected collected and returned the sample. This or link. Those genealogists using DNA him to others we have DNA was part of the quality control used by may find it will take some time before results for. Donors 1 & 2 are the Paternity Test lab and a system used possible results come in that may be 3rd cousins to George shown to maintain privacy. For genealogy useful. Even when we do receive some through documented evidence. DNA you do all the collecting and positive DNA results we must still go Donors 3 to 5 are assumed submitting on your own. back and use traditional genealogy to cousins but the document trail is try and document the relationship. incomplete. All the male donors Third Time Lucky? share the same surname; have Rob was good enough to share the Genealogists have numerous tools ancestors who settled in the results with me. Sadly Rob had still not in their toolboxes they use constantly. same parts of the country at found a possible lead to his biological Everything from contacts with rela- approximately the same time. father since the new results did not tives, documented records, family tree show any potential relationship. So, data from others and message boards. Reference sites: now Rob had a third set of results Genealogy DNA is just another useful www.FamilyTreeDNA.com which had been produced under tool for us to keep in our toolbox. very tight controls. The results www.ancestry.com showed markers tested at this third Notes: www.ancestry.co.uk lab matched Rob’s earlier markers 1. Donors 1 through 5 are part from both FamilyTreeDNA and of my original DNA project. http://www.dnacenter.com AncestryDNA. This was gratifying to Although we have additional http://en.wikipedia.org/ me, since it proved DNA testing from marker results for some of these wiki/Genetic_marker genealogy labs was accurate, cheaper individuals I am only using 12 and had the ability to show family markers to show some of the http://www.isogg.org/ relationships. Although all of this was comparison results in this article. Footnotes negative proof of a relationship it still showed me how DNA could be further 2. Some marker results do not show 1. Results from FamilyTreeDNA. used with my genealogy studies. for each test lab but additional markers are provided but not 2. Results from AncestryDNA. So, what about Rob and his quest to shown in this example. 3. Results from DDC paternity test find his genetic father? I told him not lab for Rob. to give up hope. Genealogy DNA is 3. The markers themselves do not relatively new and more results come have any particular meaning. 4. Results from DDC paternity test in daily for comparison. We posted The value of testing these lab for individual called John, a Rob’s results in several databases and markers comes from comparing potential nephew, with negative them to a database. Males with results. Comparison Test Results for Rob

DSY # Donor Haplo 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389-1 392 389-2

Donor 1 R1b1b2 13 24 14 10 12 14 12 12 13 13 12 29 Donor 2 R1b1 13 24 14 10 12 14 12 12 13 13 12 29 Donor 3 R1b1b2 13 24 14 10 12 14 12 12 13 13 12 29 Donor 4 R1b1b2 13 24 14 10 12 14 12 12 13 13 12 29 Donor 5 R1b1b2 13 24 14 10 12 14 12 12 13 13 12 29

Rob1 I 13 26 17 10 14 16 11 13 11 13 11 30 Rob2 I2 13 26 17 10 14 16 -- -- 11 13 11 30 Rob3 -- 13 26 17 10 14 16 -- -- 11 13 11 30

John4 13 23 14 10 12 14 -- -- 12 13 13 29

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 13 Mapping Global Surname Distributions

By Howard Mathieson

e previously discussed Earth Adding the formula =CONCATENATE The GPS Visualizer provides two Plot’s ability to export files (E3,” “,F3,” “,G3,” parents: “,H3,” and geo-coding options, each with Wfrom Genmap to Google “,I3) to column J, row 3 and copying its own unique advantages and Earth. However, its real strength it to the remaining rows, combines disadvantages: lies in the ability to map global five fields of data into one. This is the distributions. Given that the theme information that will be displayed in • The Yahoo option: Yahoo will of this year’s Guild conference is Google Earth. Familiarity with the Geocode hundreds of records “Around the World, an International =concatenate function could similarly at one time. However it will not Perspective”, I thought it would be be applied to any set of data, for provide a “double check” to fitting to address this dimension of example BMD or census records. confirm its selection. You can Earth Plots capabilities. however use the Yahoo map Geo-Coding the locations which shows the places it has Earth Plot is a “generic” mapping If you are seriously thinking about found to assist in confirming the utility which can be used to map a using maps as an analytical tool, you correct location. Use this option wide range of spatial data in Google should consider attaching a longitude if you have “standardized” your Earth. As it will import and map files and latitude value to all your place place names, eliminated spelling in both Excel and CSV format, much name references. This will greatly errors, or if you are using known of the work needed to prepare your simplify and speed up the mapping “modern day equivalents” for surname data for mapping can be process in Earth Plot or other mapping historic spellings. done in advance and in a program utilities. However, if you have not • The Google option: You are lim- you are familiar with. taken this step in your research you ited to geo-coding a maximum will need to rely on an online batch of one hundred records at one Earth Plot takes the mapping process geo-coder to find your coordinate time. If you have one thou- one step beyond plotting anonymous values. For this task I would recom- sand records, you would need distributions. Information associated mend using the GPS Visualizer. http:// to input 10 separate batches. with the individuals who comprise www.gpsvisualizer.com/geocoder/ Use this option if you are not your surname distribution can be confident in the integrity of displayed on the map. This can be To use the batch geo-coder, copy the your place name data. Google a particularly useful feature when location information (Fig 2) to your will however provide a “double analysing migration patterns. clipboard. Paste the information into check” of places it has found for the GPS Visualizer’s input frame. Select comparison. (see below) To demonstrate this feature, imagine the options, raw list, and one address you wanted to map a file of Australian per line. Fig 2. births. While Earth Plot will only display one field of data, which it calls Location Label field it’s “label field”, we can overcome Port Vincent, Jessie MICHELMORE Born 06 Jan 1887 this shortcoming by creating a South Australia, Australia parents: James and Eliza WRIGHT “concatenated” field in an Excel Alice Mary MOUCHEMORE Born 1882 worksheet. The following example Queenscliffe, Victoria, Australia (Fig 1) illustrates the principle. parents: Daniel and Mary CARVER Fig 1. e f g h i j 2 Name Event Date Father Mother Label field Jessie 06 Jan Eliza Jessie MICHELMORE Born 06 Jan 1887 3 Born James MICHELMORE 1887 WRIGHT parents: James and Eliza WRIGHT Alice Mary Mary Alice Mary MOUCHEMORE Born 1882 4 Born 1882 Daniel MOUCHEMORE CARVER parents: Daniel and Mary CARVER William Thomas 21 Aug William Thomas MICHELMORE Born 21 5 Born Thomas Elizabeth MICHELMORE 1855 Aug 1855 parents: Thomas and Elizabeth Walter Norman 08 Aug Emily Clare Walter Norman MICHELMORE Born 08 Aug 6 Born Thomas MICHELMORE 1881 WARREN 1881 parents: Thomas and Emily Clare WARREN

14 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 Once you have selected the geo- coding option, click Start geo-coding.

For the first row of data Yahoo would return, -34.78455,137.834564, ”Port Vincent, SA, Australia”, Google would return, -34.779593,137.859065, ”Port Vincent, South Australia, Australia, ”Port Vincent SA, Australia”. Thus we can easily cross reference our place names with those selected by Google.

The output will appear in the results window of the GPS Visualizer. Insert three new columns next to your original location field in the Excel worksheet. Copy the results from the GPS Visualizer results pane and paste Fig 4. Mitchelmore births 1850 - 1930 them back into the first of the three One of Google Earth’s most useful distributions at the international scale. new columns. Be certain that the features is its time slider which can dis- The ability to analyse data in programs locations are properly aligned with the play a surname’s movement through such as Custodian or Access and then original places in your spreadsheet. time and space. Unfortunately Earth visualize the results in Google Earth Highlight the first new column and Plot does not have a date field and is a powerful combination. Earth Plot select data, text to columns, values. therefore this option is not available. goes a long way in addressing this The Visualizer’s results will then be This is disappointing as the time slider shortcoming. n split into three separate columns: can be a powerful analytical tool. latitude, longitude, and a place name reference (Fig 3). Delete all unneeded Despite this weakness, Earth Plot still columns, and label the remaining warrants consideration as a surname Earth Plot v1.3.0 columns as shown below. mapping tool. Global surname mapping is a free utility and can be sites are available on the internet, some downloaded from: http:// www.earthplotsoftware.com/ Latitude Longitude Place Event download.htm Jessie MICHELMORE Port Vincent, -34.779593 137.859065 Born 06 Jan 1887 parents: SA, Australia Google Earth James and Eliza WRIGHT is also free and can be down- Fig 3. loaded at: http://earth.google. of which offer interesting potential. com/intl/en/download-earth.html If the GPS Visualizer was unable to However, the lack of economical identify a place name in your file, it would personal software for mapping data return 0,0, for the coordinate values. in a GIS like environment has seriously Sort your file on one of the coordinate hampered an appreciation of surname columns to group all locations that have not been geocoded. You would then need to undertake a manual Internet search for the coordinates for any un- geocoded results.

Your data is now ready to map

• Open your file in Earth Plot • Under plot type select Post • Under data columns match your longitude and latitude fields • Under data columns select the place as the “variable” to be mapped • Under label column select your event field. Select the Google Earth Icon in Earth Fig 5. A cluster of Mitchelmore births: Williamstown Victoria 1850 – 1930. Plot and your map will be displayed in Clicking on a Point will reveal any hidden records in the form of a fan. Select- Google Earth. ing the point icon will show the information associated with that individual.

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 15 searching. If a Marriage Challenge has 250 marriages on the search list, I would Marriage estimate that a total number of 8 visits to the Record Office would be sufficient Challenge to fully complete the Challenge. There is also time needed at home. By Peter Copsey Before the Challenge starts, an Update hour or two are spent receiving the e-mailed lists of requests and creating How Long Will It Take? a search list. If “faux certificates” are dispatched electronically (eg using any members think they down the marriage details once a Andrew Millard’s excellent facility might like to undertake marriage is found, how often will you on the Guild’s website) little time is Ma Marriage Challenge but be changing fiche or film. Also, there required after the searching has been their main worry before committing is a need to consider how long you completed, but if the certificates are themselves is the question of - how will be at the Record Office and how paper-based, some time is needed long will it take? much of that time will actually be in collation and dispatch. Of course, spent searching - eyes get tired, coffee if you hand-write the results at the I have always given the answer - it breaks beckon, there are distractions record office and then transfer them will take as long as you would like it from other researchers etc. to a spreadsheet at home, a substantial to take. There is no necessity to look amount of extra time is expended. through every church marriage register From my own experience at Essex for the selected Registration District. Record Office, on a good day I can find At the Record Office I use abbre- You can stop whenever you believe and record about 9 marriages an hour. viations on my proformas to save time you have done enough. At a later Many would say that I do it the “long there; and back home those abbrevia- date another Guild member might way” as I hand-write the details on tions need to be converted to long-form. offer to take on the same Challenge proforma certificates. Those who are “B” becomes “Bachelor”, “L” becomes (I encourage Repeat Challenges) and competent typists and who bring a lap- “Labourer”, etc. Also I use FreeBMD add to the marriages that you have top to the record office would be able to check a few of the marriages where found. Challengers should keep a to record the details considerably faster. the hand-writing is so bad to make the record of which registers have been A little over half of my time is spent names difficult to interpret. searched, then I will be able to give noting down the information from the guidance to a new Challenger for the marriage entries, while a little under No Time Limits same Registration District on where half of the time is spent searching. The last point I need to stress is that best to concentrate their efforts. there is no time limit for a Challenge. Record Office opening hours vary The visits to the Record Office can be The problem is, of course, Marriage considerably. Many have one or spread over 3 weeks or 12 months. Challenges can be addictive. Once more late closing days a week. On There is no time pressure. started it often takes more will- Mondays, Essex Record Office stays power to stop part-way through open to 8:30pm so on these days I am I am always looking for new than to continue until every register able to be in front of the fiche viewer Challengers to volunteer. I hope those has been searched, taking more time for over 10 hours, eyes permitting. who are fearful of “biting off more than originally planned. So let’s look My best bag is 102 marriages a day. than they can chew” will look at what at how long it will take to complete From those who have spoken to me of I have written above and realise that a Challenge, looking through every their experience, the record number the task is not as daunting as it might deposited marriage register. of marriages found and recorded in a seem. If you can spare a few days at day that I am aware of is 120 (at the a Record Office near you, you can One Challenger has told me that the LMA using a laptop). become a Marriage Challenger. It is ideal size for a Challenge is to receive rewarding and enjoyable and you between 250 and 300 requests. This But for the majority of Challengers I will be helping many of our members can be arranged by limiting the period would estimate that 40 marriages a day with their studies. You could share the of the Challenge and determining the should be a sensible aim, say 7 marriages task with a friend or another Guild corresponding number of requests an hour for 6 hours of searching. member. I look forward to hearing (see my Update in Vol 10 , Issue 1). As an option, one day could be set from you. Contact me, the Marriage aside at the start of the Challenge for Challenge Co-ordinator, on marriage- Influencing Factors determining which anglican churches [email protected] So how long does it take to find 250 are within the Registration District marriages? There are many factors and perhaps checking some cardinal Here is the list of forthcoming that influence the rate that marriages points to determine the church order Challenges. All members are are found. Here are some of them: in the GRO index and verifying that encouraged to send their requests to how quickly you can read the writing the church list is correct. An additional the Challengers by e-mail, hopefully in the marriage registers, how quickly visit is probably required at the end of using the standard “requests.xls” you can move from one image to the the Challenge to try to find those few spreadsheet on the MC web-page. next, how quick are you in noting elusive marriages that have escaped the However many Challengers will

16 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 accept requests in any form (for give almost all of them) for the named Challengers will search for and often postal addresses, see the Members’ Registration District between the find your marriages in the deposited Handbook). Send the listing extracted years given (Year, Quarter, Surname, anglican church registers and then from the GRO index (FreeBMD will First names, Full GRO reference). send you the full particulars. n

Registration District and Period Deadline Challenger Challenger’s e-mail Warwick 1837 - 1860 25th April Steph Murray [email protected]

Fylde 1837 - 1881 30th April Penny Pattinson [email protected]

Rye 1837 - 1911 30th April Roger Goacher [email protected]

Farnham 1837 - 1881 1st May Christopher Gray [email protected]

Farnborough 1837 - 1869 1st May Christopher Gray [email protected]

Romford 1837 -1911 16th May Peter Copsey [email protected]

Beaminster 1837 -1911 16th May Mary Brinson [email protected]

The British Library Web Archive By Anne Shankland

ne of the concerns expressed and cultural importance from the are found here and those yet to to me from time to time UK domain. Our objectives are: be archived can be saved for the Oby one-namers is what may future by nominating them. happen to their study in the event of • to build a comprehensive their own death or incapacity. Many web archive as part of the British Our one-name websites are clearly one-namers have created websites to Library’s digital collection prime candidates for the British publish their one-name research, and • to preserve the archive so that Library Web Archive! they are concerned about what will it remains accessible in the future happen to their website once they are Partly because of the difficulty no longer able to maintain it, or even • to put in place people, proc- of obtaining permission to archive to keep up the payments to their ISP esses and systems so that the websites, the BL welcomes nomina- to keep the website going. Library can fulfil its obligations tions from website owners to archive with respect to legal deposit of their sites. They are particularly keen In this regard, the British Library Web web resources to archive sites that are about to be Archive is well worth bearing in mind. closed and the information otherwise Their FAQs note that their Archive lost. Active sites are revisited about Recently I read a newspaper report contains “UK websites that publish every six months so that a picture of that the British Library was seeking research, that reflect the diversity the website development is formed. additional Legal Deposit legislation to of lives, interests and activities Naturally they can archive only static allow it to archive any UK website that throughout the UK, and demonstrate content, excluding any interactive or was felt to be valuable. On investiga- web innovation”. Their objective is to database or program based content. tion I found that the British Library is “collect, preserve and give permanent already archiving websites where they access to key UK websites for further The result is not only an archive of have permission to do so, and that generations”. The home page of the potentially enormous interest in its since 2004 they have added over 2,500 British Library Web Archive (http:// own right, but an effective means for UK “scholarly, cultural and scientific www.webarchive.org.uk/ukwa/) says: one-namers to safeguard their study websites” to their collection. The BL for the future. This initiative from the Strategy web page (http://www.bl.uk/ Here you can see how sites British Library is very much in line with aboutus/stratpolprog/digi/webarch/) have changed over time, locate our own objectives of publishing and explains the programme: information no longer available preserving one-name studies, and we on the live Web and observe the urge members who have not yet done The Web Archiving Programme unfolding history of a spectrum of so to take advantage of it. n collects, makes accessible and pre- UK activities represented online. serves web resources of scholarly Sites that no longer exist elsewhere

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 17 A View From The Bookstall Is It Really Worth By All That Effort? Howard Benbrook

few days before I began this cynicism, but is this monumental point is perhaps the most important article, I got back from taking extravaganza simply compensating of all - and although it’s true there are A The Guild Bookstall to Olym- for the passing of a peak in the level fewer events now, those that survive pia; the event was ‘Who Do You Think of interest for family history? I’m are larger and this simply emphasises You Are? LIVE’, a show that’s a spin-off sorry to point out the obvious, but that we should be there... from the UK television programme, you have to admit this is mostly a now franchised to several other ‘silver-haired’ pastime. We’ve had a Perhaps the job can be shared? countries. It was a major event - of bit of a blip in the statistics (think all Dividing it up would make for a more course - the biggest! I don’t know the those returning soldiers...), but the manageable task, and would make final numbers yet but I wouldn’t be big peak in retiring baby boomers fewer demands on your time. As I’ve surprised by 12,000 people through is yet to come (see the 2008 graph); mentioned, the Bookstall I shall hand the doors, as it was last year. I came perhaps we should draw in our horns over will be smaller, in any case, as I’m back absolutely exhausted by the for a while and simply wait? trying to run down the stock I hold. effort and I’m now finally able to talk And it’s really not rocket science, to people in a voice that is slightly honest; don’t think that I have some higher than basso profundo. clever wizardry that I bring to the job. You buy stuff in at a discount, and sell But I’m concerned. Is this really what it on at a higher price. That’s it. And it’s all about? I remember this stuff yes, I’ll still be around to help out now from my commercial past. Big expense and then, if you need to call on me. So, budgets, major marketing campaigns come on, you budding entrepreneurs (and lots of partying - woo-hoo!). The - it’ll be like running your own little products on sale had big numbers business without all the hassle of on their sales tickets - think 10’s of dealing with the taxman! thousands. But hang on! Is this pursuit realistically able to sustain this same Bargains Galore! type of treatment? Even the ‘Big Boys’: And turning to those stock Ancestry, FindMyPast, The Genealogist reductions... With this issue, I’m etc, who mount huge displays, only announcing a Special Clearance Sale, have products that sell for hundreds, for members only. At Guild events and not thousands of pounds. (Yeah, OK; Let’s Get Down to Business in this and the next two issues of the there was a Bentley for sale in the Now then. About this Bookstall Journal, I shall be carving at least 25% hall, but do you believe he sold one?). Manager job. You all know I’m standing off the cover price of selected items. down at the end of the financial year, Keep your eyes open - there’ll be This may now be the time to right? That’s the end of October, in some bargains! reveal the banal truth about my about six month’s time. And is there sales prowess - I didn’t make any a long queue of candidates stretching The first selection is from my ‘Places money for the Guild. Gulp! Quite round the corner, eager to take my and History’ series. These hardback simply, the expense of being there place? H’mm... Not exactly. So, what’s books are full of local history, mostly was much more than the discount I up? If you’ve got this idea that, come close to London, and beautifully get from bought-in products. But, October, I’ll relent and continue as illustrated; they would appeal to confidentially, I suspect that the Big before, you are seriously mistaken. It those of you who want to explore Boys didn’t actually contribute much isn’t going to happen. Unless someone more background to your study to their bottom line, either. And, steps into these shoes, there will no families. They generally have a cover although there were clearly a lot of longer be a Guild Bookstall; and that price between £15 and £25, so you’d people in the hall (except Sunday), means less income for the Guild, no save at least £3.50 each time! It will I can’t be sure that there were any 10% discount on books and CDs, and have to be a matter of ‘first come, first more than last year, and I certainly no more Journal articles like this one served’ as I can only sell what copies I don’t know if they were the same - OK, so you can probably do without have, so I’ll try and keep the Bookstall people as last year. How can we my rambling prose style each quarter, website pages up to date; please be sure then, that all this fuss (and but wouldn’t it be a good idea to have check the latest status before you expense) is leading to any growth in someone at least represent the Guild place an order, or send me an email or the market? It may be my over-active at family history events? This last phone to reserve your copy.

18 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 And to whet your appetite, here’s a Cover Members’ Special Clearance Sale Titles small sample of the covers: Price Sale Price Banbury - A History HALF PRICE! £15.99 £8.00 Barking Past £15.95 £12.00 Brentwood - A History HALF PRICE! £15.99 £8.00 Brentwood Past £15.95 £12.00 Georgian Brighton HALF PRICE! £25.00 £12.50 Camden Town and Primrose Hill Past £15.95 £12.00 Chelmsford - A History HALF PRICE! £15.99 £8.00 Chelsea Past £15.95 £12.00 City of London Past £15.95 £12.00 Clapham Past £14.95 £11.75 East Ham and West Ham Past £15.95 £12.00 Hammersmith and Shepherds Bush Past £15.95 £12.00 Hampstead Past £15.95 £12.00 Harrow Past £15.95 £12.00 Hertford - A History HALF PRICE! £15.99 £8.00 Kew Past HALF PRICE! £15.99 £8.00 Kingston Past £15.95 £12.00 London Bridge: A Visual History £15.95 £12.00 The Lost Rivers of London £16.95 £12.25 Marylebone & Tyburn Past £15.95 £12.00 Richmond Past £15.95 £12.00 Sydenham & Forest Hill Past £14.95 £11.75 London’s Victoria Embankment HALF PRICE! £16.95 £8.25 Westminster and Pimlico Past £15.95 £12.00 (Please remember to add postage and packing when ordering - see the website for details)

Olympia and we’re due at the places shown in the table below soon.

Many, Many Thanks Those of you who’ve never worked behind the Bookstall tables will simply never know what fun it is! That’s not to say that the support is not hugely appreciated, far from it, so please spare a thought or two for the wonderful people who’ve helped me recently: Peter Copsey, Roy Rayment (twice!), Mike Walker, David & Brenda Horwill, Ken Toll (three times!), David Probett, Helen Williams, Sonia Turner, Ken Grubb, Bill Corser, Victor Medlock, Where We’ve Been, Stephen Daglish, Judy Cooper, Kirsty Where We’re Going Gray, Keith Bage, Bob Cumberbatch, Since the last Journal, we’ve been to Cliff Kemball and Alan Moorhouse. Barking, Bracknell, Crawley, the Guild Wow! What a great bunch! And if I’ve Seminar at Ullenwood near Chelten- missed you out, please forgive me! n ham, Kidlington in Oxfordshire, and

Event Place Date

Guild Conference & AGM Thame, Oxfordshire Fri 9th - Sun 11th April

Worthing FH Fair Worthing, West Sussex Sun 25th April

Maidstone FH Fair Maidstone, Kent Sun 6th June

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 19 TWO NEW GUILD ONLINE INDEXES! By Anne Shankland & Barbara Harvey

With over 2,300 Guild members researching over 7,850 study surnames, it becomes more and more likely that the research being done by one member can directly benefit another member. This is of course the idea behind the Guild Marriage Index, where members contribute details of the marriages they have found in their one-name research, in the hope that their name’s spouses will match with other Guild names.

But the concept can go much further than that. Today we announce not one but TWO new online Guild Indexes, accessible via the Guild website, which allow our members to benefit from other members’ research in two significant areas:

uncle and he left all his possessions to Where to find probate records be divided amongst his 24 nephews For England and Wales, the Probate and nieces, of whom eight were Calendars (an index with extra details) called Hannah. Because there were from 1858 to the present day are to be The Guild Probate Index so many with the same forename, he found at the Principal Registry in First Barbara Harvey, linked everyone to their parents. In Avenue House in Holborn, London. Probate Index Administrator one document I had acquired a whole There are fiche copies of these range of relatives previously unknown calendars in many Record Offices he Guild Probate Index has to me. You may strike lucky too - or and libraries, but they only go up to been collecting data for some perhaps you have already. 1949. The Principal Registry hope to Ttime. The previously available start releasing the calendars online manual search facility has now been Contributing to the within the next 12 months. They will augmented by an online web search Guild Probate Index be released a few years at a time and facility for this Index, making its rich Currently the Guild Probate Index without fanfare, to avoid a repeat of content instantly available to all contains well over 26,000 entries, the 1901 census crash debacle. Guild members. submitted by some 44 members. Even so, there are some areas of England Before 1857, all probate was Why should we collect wills and and Wales (and other countries) undertaken by the ecclesiastical administrations? If you do not have which are poorly represented. More courts, so you may need patience a collection, you cannot know what submissions of probate data are to locate the correct one for your you are missing. Not every will turns needed to give it a better balance. ancestors or ONS. The Guild Wiki out to be the link which breaks down Have you sent yours in yet? (http://www.one-name.org/members/ that proverbial brick wall, but it is wiki/) and Andrew Millard’s website amazing how many different kinds of The more entries there are, the http://www.dur.ac.uk/a.r.millard/ links can be found. I cannot imagine a more likely it is that you will find a genealogy/probate.php are good One-Name study without a collection, match with another Guild member’s sources of information about the however small. One of my luckiest research. Do not expect miracles Courts for the UK and overseas, and breaks concerned my direct ancestor straightaway, but keep watching for have links to other useful websites. Hannah Moorcroft. There were three new additions. “Probate Jurisdictions: Where to Look with the same name; all baptised in for Wills” is a good printed resource. the same parish and in the age range If you do not use a computer, but There are some indexes online. of my Hannah, so how could I find out have a collection of wills, please write which were her parents? One of my to me as I have some volunteers who The Prerogative Court of Canterbury other contacts told me she had a will may be able to help you participate in (PCC) is the highest court in England. of someone who mentioned several this exciting venture. If you have other The wills proved in this court are held Hannah Moorcrofts in the right area, problems which make it difficult for by the National Archives (TNA) at so I obtained a copy. The testator you to participate, please contact me Kew and may be viewed there free happened to be Hannah’s maternal with the reason why you need help. of charge. Copies cost a small amount

20 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 per page. From home you may search • Surname of referenced person tish marriages differ from this in sev- the index on TNA’s website without • Role in will. eral quite significant ways. charge. From the home page select “Records” and then DocumentsOnline. Searching the Guild Firstly, a Scottish marriage certificate There is a charge, currently £3.50, for Probate Index contains rather more information than each will you download. TNA hold The Probate Index page at http:// an English one. Whereas an English a few further PCC wills which are www.one-name.org/members/GPI marriage certificate will give the name little known. These are usually wills includes a link to the search screen. and occupation of the bride’s and which have been contested or are There is a basic search and an groom’s fathers, the Scottish version not straightforward for a number of advanced version. will give the names of both parents other reasons. You will need to look in of both parties to the marriage, the main catalogue and enter “prob” The basic search is just for a surname, including the mothers’ maiden names in the “Department or Series code”. which may be that of the testator or of and any other previous names they If you are not familiar with these, use someone referenced in the Will. The may have had. For instance, the the surname Fernyhough in the top advanced search allows you to search mother of the bride may be shown as box as an example. on any of the fields in the data, such “Janet McCall formerly Dunlop m.s. as the year of death or of probate, the McNeil”, indicating that the lady was What data may be submitted court, the address of the deceased, born McNeil, married someone called to the Guild Probate Index etc. The usual wildcards can be used, Dunlop, then married someone called All probate from the earliest times for finding surnames which may be McCall. In addition, for some forms of until 1967 may be submitted, whether spelt in various ways in the data. Scottish marriage the witnesses are it was proved in the UK or overseas. not only named but may have their This date, 1967, has been chosen You can choose to restrict the occupations and/or their addresses because it is the point at which the results to entries which were NOT detailed as well. Furthermore, if the England and Wales calendars ceased contributed by a specified member, bride and groom are related in some to give the names of the executors for which will allow you to exclude your way, for instance are cousins, this will a period of about 20 years, so there own contributions (or any one else’s) be stated on the marriage certificate. are no surnames to extract except from the search results shown. from copies of the wills. For reasons Secondly, while an official Scottish of privacy, the Guild considered that The benefits of the marriage certificate may be obtained this was a reasonable year to make Guide Probate Index from the General Register Office for the cut off point. Other countries may So what can you hope to get from Scotland (GROS) in the same way have different index rules, but the this index? You may look for any as an English one from the GRO, limit remains the same for all. surname which interests you and an unofficial copy can be acquired find a link to another member’s far more cheaply and quickly. If a You may submit any entries provided research. Having done so, you have document with legal authority is not that the surname of the testator is the opportunity to contact them and needed, a copy of the register entry different from that of the referenced find out whether they have more can be downloaded online on the person. The latter may be an executor, information about the particular ScotlandsPeople website for a cost of a beneficiary, a witness, a tenant or person. Sometimes you will be lucky, 5 credits (£1.00). Because of this, it is any other person who is mentioned but obviously not always. You may be very likely that anyone researching in the probate. Records other than lucky as I was with Hannah Moorcroft. Scottish names will amass a larger from your ONS may be included, In the early stages you may not even collection of these at £1.00 apiece as long as they meet the different find the surname you are looking than the researcher into English surname criteria. If the surname is the for, but keep trying at intervals. The marriages who has to pay £7.00 for same, then this data would only be chances will increase as more entries each of theirs. of interest to you and not to fellow are added to the database. You never members. Two or more surnames in know, perhaps the brickwall that has Thirdly, when a copy of the register the same column are allowed and been frustrating you for years will entry is downloaded in this way, it is may be separated by ‘or’, ‘alias’ etc. come tumbling down. actually a copy of the register page containing the requested entry. Since An example of the ideal layout of an each page contains two marriage entry is given on the Probate Index entries, the researcher is effectively page in the Members Room on the getting one for free – a fact which will Guild website (www.one-name.org/ probably not help him particularly members/GPI/). The following columns The Guild Scottish Index but may be extraordinarily helpful for are “required”: Anne Shankland, anyone researching the other names Scottish Index Administrator on the same page. • Membership number • Year of probate lthough the Guild Marriage These three considerations mean • Court if proved before 1857 Index provides an excellent that a single marriage-register copy • Deceased Surname Aopportunity for Guild mem- from the ScotlandsPeople website and Forename bers to benefit from each other’s can contain much more “name” • County or Country research, it is designed specifically for information than an English or Welsh • Address of deceased marriages in England and Wales. Scot- marriage certificate. In fact, it could

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 21 hold the names of as many as sixteen riage data in the form of a spreadsheet, any marriage certificates relating to a individuals, with perhaps twelve you could send a transcription to the specific date (but not a range of dates), (or more) different surnames: two Webmaster for inclusion in the Index. or for a particular place, or even for a brides, two grooms, four fathers, four specified type of marriage ceremony. mothers, four witnesses. And whereas Send a copy certificate the names of the bride and groom will Alternatively, if you do not want (One of the features of the advanced have been indexed at ScotlandsPeople, to make a transcription, you could search allows you to find all entries the other names - bride’s mother, send a copy of any Scottish marriage referencing the name of interest which groom’s mother, witnesses, etc - certificates that you have to the were NOT submitted by a specific will not have been, and so may be Webmaster. The copy may be sent by member number. So, for instance, if extremely difficult to find. email or by post - obviously email is the you have submitted 500 entries for easier and cheaper. The Webmaster will “your” name, you can still easily find So these Scottish B/M/D certificates enter the details from the Certificate “your” name among just the entries could be a rich and reasonably priced on to the Index for you. submitted by other members.) source of one-name data, but one that does not fit easily with the cur- It is, of course, only by collecting a Since the advanced search may be rent England-and-Wales Marriage large quantity of Scottish marriage for a document or for a person named Index. For this reason, the Guild has data that the Scottish Index can on a document, the results returned started a new Scottish Index to hold reach its potential. My heartfelt may be name entries or document these records. thanks are due to the small number entries. In the case of a document of Guild members who have already entry, a link is provided for you to Content of the Scottish Index contributed data to the Index even look at all the name entries relating The Scottish Index can potentially before it was officially launched. to that document too. include birth and death records as well Currently the Index covers nearly 900 as marriages, but initially it is being individual Scottish marriages, with used as an index to those marriage well over 6,000 people named on them records held by Guild members. It is (some of them with two, three or more not intended to show the full content names apiece). Clearly this is a long t is hoped that Guild members of the marriage certificate, only the way behind the Guild Marriage Index, will make good use of both of names of the people listed on the but the Scottish Index is very new, and Ithese Indexes for their one- certificate, with the roles that they this is a very respectable body of data name studies. But remember played in the marriage event. Each for the Index to have at its launch. that these Indexes, like the Guild entry carries the membership number It is also true that Scotland is much Marriage Index, are only as good of the contributing member, who can less populous than England. Be that as the data they contain, and the be contacted if more information is as it may, contributions from Guild more submissions are received of required than is available in the Index. members with marriages in Scotland both Probate data and Scottish will be most gratefully received. marriage data, the more useful Contributing data to these Indexes will become. the Scottish Index Searching the Scottish Index Guild members are urged to contrib- The Scottish Index may be accessed Note on Guild ute Scottish marriages to the Index, as from www.one-name.org/members/GDI. Index Enquiries the more data it contains the more use This provides an introduction to the Members are reminded that it will be to all. Scottish marriage data Index, and also a button to go to the they have a commitment to deal can be contributed in several ways: Search facility. promptly with all queries relating to any of their registered one- Contribute a spreadsheet There are two types of search, basic name studies. This commitment If you have, or can produce, a spread- and advanced. applies also to any entries for sheet of data from your Scottish mar- their Registered Names (and riage certificates, then do please send The basic search is for a name, and Variants) which they have this to the Webmaster, who is acting the list will return any references to submitted to Guild projects such as the Scottish Index coordinator. that name found in the Index, whether as the Marriage Index, Probate these are for bride, groom, parent, or Index, or Scottish Index. But in The format of the spreadsheet witness. Each result returned will show each of these cases the member would ideally follow the guide the date and place of the marriage, need only supply information shown on the Guild website at http:// the referenced person’s full name, and held regarding that specific www.one-name.org/members/GDI, their role in the marriage. It will also entry in the Index; there is no although almost any format would show the membership number of the requirement on the member to be acceptable. Most of the fields contributing member, as a “mailto” carry out any further research. n are optional: only the membership link, in case searchers wish to contact number, date and place of marriage, him or her. and the names of the bride and groom are essential. But, obviously, the more The advanced search allows searching data the better! not only for specific names but also for Send a certificate transcription other criteria relating to the document If you do not have your Scottish Mar- itself. For instance, you can search for

22 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 Registrar’s So Long, and thanks Notes for all the fish! By David Mellor

was a candidate for the Guild membership application from surname research when I became Registrar, Committee election in February registration and the development of is crying out to be written. I started I 2007 and was subsequently voted the new style register. writing up my Heppenstall One- onto the Committee, much to my sur- Name Study six months ago and prise. Then came my first Committee Failure reckon it will need at least another meeting at the annual conference in Other projects with which I have been six months hard work to finish the Basingstoke in April 2007 when I was involved have been less successful. job and get it published. My garden offered the post of Registrar. With My greatest disappointment was and my bathroom urgently need the very little knowledge of what I was my failed attempt to set up better attention they should have received letting myself in for, I accepted the connections between the Guild and three years ago! post. Subsequently, the job descrip- the academic community. Early on tion and desk instructions written by I was given the opportunity by the Fish my predecessor Roger Goacher and Committee to start negotiations with “So long, and thanks for all the fish” the support freely given by other the Nottingham University Institute was the message left by the dolphins committee members have proved for Name-Studies with a view to when they departed planet Earth just invaluable and kept me afloat at arranging some sort of continuing before it was demolished to make times of adversity. dialogue. Unfortunately the response way for an intergalactic highway in I got was lukewarm and after several the fourth book by Douglas Adams of Learning meetings it became apparent that the series “Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Looking back over the last three their interests were really only with Galaxy”. Mothers and grandmothers years the thing that intrigues me place names and hardly at all with the world over recommend fish as most is the amount of new learning surnames. However I can take solace a food to keep your brain healthy. that was required of me, which in the fact that Cliff Kemball remains There is some scientific support for was both a wonderful and a timely keen to develop more academic this in that oily fish contain high mental exercise for someone recently connections and will continue concentrations of long chain omega-3 retired and at danger of sinking into working on the Committee to bring fatty acids which are essential for terminal mental torpor. I had never this about. brain development and function. before been involved in the running When attending committee meetings of an international organisation Future at the Sekforde Arms I nearly always the size of the Guild, never before I have enjoyed my time on the bought the fish and chips for lunch been responsible for maintaining a committee and as Registrar but I am but really the fish in the quotation large members’ database and never retiring because I wish to do some is a metaphor for the mental food I before had to do the sort of IT other things with my life. My wife received during my time as Registrar. manipulations required to turn the has just retired and I want to be able For this and the continued support members’ database into the annual to spend more time with her. The of my fellow committee members, I published Register. book on Byron’s doctors, for which would like to express my gratitude. n I had more or less completed the Success With regard to the routine work of the Registrar over the last three years I have enrolled nearly 700 new members, registered just over 350 new one-name studies, investigated about 90 formal complaints against members for non-response to enquiries and dealt with innumerable requests from members for alterations to be made to their register entries. By the time I finish in April I will have attended some 20 committee and executive meetings and been involved in several projects. Some of these projects have been successful, like the separation of

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 23 Seminar Report - DNA Developments Seminar National Star College, Ullenwood, Cheltenham, Feb 20th 2010

By Arthur Carden

espite the continuing bad Despite great efforts no link had Free Book weather, with a good deal of been established to two Scottish Blair During a superb buffet lunch Dsnow about, nearly 100 of us families which might have been the (arranged by Judy Adshead and turned up to learn a great deal about common ancestors of most Blairs, and Dominic Johnson) there was an oppor- the latest state of the use of DNA in it was thought that they had died tunity to study a dozen or more displays Genealogy. The seminar was fault- out until he found that one of their of individual DNA projects most of lessly organised by Gordon Adshead, descendants had changed his name which were excellently prepared and Alan Moorhouse and Chris Pomery. It to Cochrane, whose living descendant absorbingly interesting. We were all was particularly helpful that member has given a ‘Blair’ DNA sample. handed free copies of Chris Pomery’s Alan is a staff member of the college – book Family History in the Genes. I wish they had told us to bring swim- Debbie Kennett’s Cruwys study (of ming costumes to enjoy the pool! a rather rare surname compared Marketing, fund raising, with Blair) was greatly assisted by interpretation . . . Four Different DNA Projects £3,000 in donations which made it After lunch many matters were Chris Pomery opened with details possible to obtain samples from many covered by our four excellent panellists about his (nearly completed) study. relatively uninterested Cruwys and such as marketing and promotion See the link at the end of this report Cruse participants, clarifying that few of our individual projects, tracking for comprehensive information, to carrying the name are descended, down living descendants to test, fund- add to his excellent article in the perhaps sadly, from the medieval raising, probability levels taking into Jan-March 2010 issue of this Journal Cruwys Morchard family regarding account different mutation rates for and to his article in the Journal of which 2,500 documents exist – the different markers, optimum numbers Genetic Genealogy viewable at www. Manor there has been held by the of markers to test, the new Family jogg.info/52/files/pomery.pdf, which family for 800 years and although Finder test from FTDNA, and we all I would strongly advise everyone to the current incumbent still carries learned a great deal even on subjects read. I was particularly impressed to the Cruwys surname he is descended not directly linked to DNA. There hear that almost all BMDs for Pomery through a female line. Debbie has was also time for some discussion and variants outside USA are now established trees for several other regarding the 12 page hand-out of included in his trees and linked to DNA Cruse and Cruwys families however, answers to numerous questions sent results, and sponsors had enabled him using DNA results. to the panel in advance, an interesting to spend £6,500 on certificates and and successful seminar novelty. Chris DNA analyses in addition to those paid Polly Rubery has been a Guild mem- Pomery summed up with remarks on for by participants. The rest of us were ber almost since it was founded and the use of different methodology for full of envy. I was also impressed by a feature of her one-name study high and low-frequency surnames his inclusion of individuals who were is that the documentary research and for USA versus UK studies, the the result of “non-paternal” events – is effectively complete and she has light thrown on surname evolution many such individuals (such as Chris done all the parish register research by DNA analysis, and other matters and myself, neither of whom carry our and all the BMD reconstruction highlighted by the seminar. surname group DNA) are ruthlessly with just a few stray births and rejected in otherwise magnificent marriages which are unaccounted for. DNA’s Remarkable development studies which concentrate on DNA It is complicated by the existence of It is incredible how the use of DNA rather than broader aspects of one- 18 major variants of the name. Her in Genealogy has developed almost name studies. very enjoyable presentation, which out of all recognition to become an she called “Shut that chain!”, showed essential part of one-name studies since John Blair then told us about his how each of a mere 11 DNA results Chris Pomery and I and a dozen others sophisticated Blair surname study led to a conclusion or supposition started our projects less than ten years (which excludes Tony Blair, the which greatly clarified an otherwise ago. I, for one, learned a huge amount ex prime minister, for the reason missing link in one of her trees. from this most enjoyable seminar. n mentioned in the last sentence above!). John’s study was particularly The presentations were all ac- interesting as being essentially USA companied by excellent documents Readers can find some good summa- based giving us an insight into efforts handed out in advance, which were ries of the presentations at www.one- by himself and other Americans to much appreciated. name.org/members/seminars.html discover their transatlantic origins.

24 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 Forthcoming Seminars

Mapping Seminar, Chester Area 7th Aug 2010 15th May 2010, Helsby Community Centre, COMPUTER SEMINAR Helsby, Frodsham, WA6 0BW

To be held in the excellent Programme hands-on computer suites at the Rosebery School, Whitehorse 09:30 - 09:55 Arrival - Registration and Coffee Drive, Epsom, KT18 7NQ. Three 09:55 - 10:00 Welcome to the Seminar - Rod Clayburn parallel streams will cater for 10:00 - 10:15 Why Maps? - Rod Clayburn beginners, intermediate and 10:15 - 11:15 E-Mapping Victorian Cheshire - Paul Newman more advanced users and it is 11:15 - 11:30 Comfort Break planned to cover a very wide range of subjects ranging from 11:30 - 12:30 Displaying One-Name Data on Maps - Gordon Adshead basic data capture to use of the 12:30 - 13:30 Buffet Lunch best internet sites and interesting 13:30 - 14:30 Putting Ancestors on the Map - Geoff Riggs data manipulation techniques. 14:30 - 14:45 Comfort Break There will be items of interest to 14:45 - 15:15 Plotting Parrys - One Member’s Experience - Barbara Griffiths all Guild members. 15:15 - 15:45 Coffee / Tea and Biscuits & Demos 15:45 - 16:15 England Jurisdictions 1851 - Judy Jones 16:15 - 16:45 Wrap up - Rod Clayburn 16:45 - 17:00 Questions 20th Nov 2010 17:00 Close of Seminar BORN ABROAD? A ‘must attend’ seminar for his seminar is long overdue, the subject of maps and mapping is very those researchers with ances- important to a one-name study as it allows us to place the study name in tors born abroad, particularly Ta locale and narrow down a point of origin. in the Caribbean, India, Europe and those with Jewish or For the content of this Huguenot ancestry. To be held seminar, we have held in the Quinnell Hall at Sevenoaks discussions with all those Community Centre, Otford Road, members who have sub- Sevenoaks, TN14 5DN mitted articles on map- ping to the Guild Jour- nal plus those who have expressed and interest in 12th Feb 2011 the subject on the Guild Rogues Seminar Forum. Dr. Colin Chapman is the Time moves on, and principal speaker at this seminar many of the techniques covering many aspects of the used in the early days criminal and religious justice of the Guild have been systems. 200 years of Rogues and superseded by more up to Victims – were any of yours in date electronic methods. court records? We trust that there will be something of interest To be held at Ruishton Village for all attendees. Hall, Taunton, Somerset, TA3 5JD, just off the M5. We shall allow plenty of time for demonstrations, questions and discussion.

Book on-line at one-name.org under Events. Forms may also be obtained by phoning the Guild Help desk Tel: 08000 112181.

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 25 first five months. Venues range from a hired hall, a studio to someone’s front Could you be a room. Each meeting has a theme which is initially discussed but I am pleased to say that following what Regional Rep is said round the table, small groups develop to take subjects further.

for the Guild? I believe friendships have developed within S&WL Guild members that By Jan Cooper might not have even started without these meetings. Certainly we have had y friend said to me “How with families. So we rearranged the time to share ideas in the informal is your One Name Study meeting for September and very soon background and we have discovered Mgoing?” Not a question I get we had a full house. how differently and yet how similarly asked very often, and if I introduce we research our ONS and collect data. the subject I find eyes glaze over very Before that meeting I hired a hall We can ask advice from the group in quickly. I get asked “Oh you are into in Reigate one Friday evening, which a friendly environment, but I need family history, how far have you gone seemed a good choice. To test the to organise the meetings all over the back?” Has this ever happened to you? water initially I invited only those region, some on Saturdays others in in the area with a Redhill or Reigate the evening. We may try a daytime When I was asked by Sandra Turner postcode. We had fourteen people one during the week later in the year! whether I would consider becoming a attend this meeting. The Surrey and Plans are coming together. Regional Rep I said “Oh no, I have too West London meetings were off to a much to do”. But later I thought more great start. All meetings from then on about it, I read the job description in were broadcast to the whole region. “if you feel you would like and decided, well maybe. I am so glad to make more ONS friends, I changed my mind. The September meeting was hosted by our naval expert who after coffee do think about becoming a Newly Appointed gave us some excellent tips on where Regional Rep Just before Christmas 2008 I was to go to discover more about our ” appointed Regional Rep for Surrey seafaring descendants. We all took a and West London, an area with over packed lunch after which we browsed Everyone Welcome 160 members. I guessed the best thing a superb selection of books and Our meetings are open to all and I to do was to wish everyone a Happy chatted about our own research, our am delighted to say that two East Christmas and ask what they wanted brickwalls and how we resolved them Sussex members have attended one from an Regional Rep. So, I sent out or not as the case maybe. meeting. Some members hide their a questionnaire with an introductory Later that year we went back to expertise under a bushel but with a letter by email, where possible, and Reigate where several members little encouragement and informal the remainder by Royal Mail. I then demonstrated their FH programs. We surroundings…. waited. I had explained I did not want restricted the demos to fifteen minutes to duplicate what was offered by and each of the following program We discuss the forum, encourage Family History groups or the Guild but demonstrators explained how the members to produce their own profile there did seem a need for like minded program they used differed or in page and we plan to go through the people to chat locally and informally their opinion was better than the last. members room of the Guild website at over a cup of tea or coffee. The last demo was from a gentleman a meeting soon. I ask for a contribution who had written his own program, from each attendee to pay for the hall Replies slowly came in over the next impressive! Members now had an and/or refreshments. Any monies left few months, not as many as I had idea about quite a few programs and over will be donated to the Guild. hoped but those who did respond contacts to ask more questions. I think almost all said they would appreciate we could have stayed all night but we So if you feel you would like to local informal meetings. We identified had homes to go to. make more ONS friends, do think some expertise in the group, with about becoming a Regional Rep I can people offering to help others with The final meeting was held in the thoroughly recommend it. naval records, old writing, causes of wonderful library of King Edward’s death and spreadsheets. Someone school near Witley. Howard brought We have been asked for our ideas spoke fluent Swedish, French and his bookstall, fifteen members on Marketing, I think we need to help Spanish. I put people in contact with enjoyed this afternoon and some keep our membership and encourage experts who helped to solve their Email addresses exchanged, at least them to develop their ONS. Being problems. All within our group. one person was invited to another’s a Regional Representative can home to take their discussion further. certainly assist. Do think about it and I organised a meeting for a Saturday contact the Regional Representative in June but realised soon that it was Snow caused the postponement of co-ordinator if you are interested. It not a good month, people went our first meeting this year, but we is fun. n on holiday or wanted to go out have seven meetings arranged in the

26 Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 simply history in general. Tautonomy So many tales, thoroughly researched by the author, Dear Sir, of controversial or other- wise interesting characters I read with interest the article by of widely varying occu- John Hitchon in this month’s JOONS. pations: soldiers, sailors, In particular I was struck by the con- missionaries, lawyers, an centration of tautonyms in Wales. artist, a saint……some Has John read the Nomina article highly eccentric, some more ‘The transformation from patronymic upright citizens and some names to settled surnames in Wales’ downright ‘scallywags’! (John and Sheila Rowlands, Nomina 28, 2005)? The article provides exam- David has gone to great ples of Welsh patronymics surviving lengths to illustrate each into at least the early 19th century, individual story and the raising the question in my mind of immense variety of histori- whether at least the earlier records cal circumstances that he consulted were actually modern sur- manages to cover in 188 names or rather Thomas son of Tho- pages (in fact less if you mas etc., coerced into a modern for- take off the contents, pref- mat. I provided some examples of ace, name index and about this in my own JOONS article where the author pages) is simply a multi-part patronymic ending ‘VcX’ staggering - Christian strife had been re-indexed as ‘McX’. in Elizabethan England, the Civil War, rebellion in Iain Kennedy #4452 Ireland, the colonisation of Virginia and India, and the two Afghan wars of the 19th century. Firsthand Soldiers, Saints and Scallywags accounts of army battles, full-colour, Tautonomy II - Stirring tales from family history high quality illustrations, an amazing By David Gore historical knowledge and thorough I found John Hitchon’s article on knowledge of so many Mayne ances- surnames used as forenames most in- David Gore’s interest in family history tors in the British Isles and beyond. I teresting. However there is one tau- begins in a very similar vein to my own sincerely hope that David registers tonym missing from Table 2, and that – wanting to know more about the the Mayne one-name study with the is the fairly common Welsh surname grandparent who passed away before Guild so that other researchers are of DAVID. The FreeBMD Birth In- we were born which spurs on our made aware of his amazing work on dex, 1837-1915 contains no less than desire to know more about our past. the surname. I can only aspire to write 470 entries for David David, mostly a book of this calibre…. n in Wales. I used to have a work col- A long-standing Guild member, league of that name, he was a Math- David has clearly done a substantial ISBN: 9780953091232 ematician so of course rejoiced in the amount of research on the Mayne Cost: £15 (paperback) nickname of Dai-squared! surname, though interestingly he has never registered the surname as a Available from: Hungerford Books Phil Sherwood #2391 one-name study! E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 01488 683480 His 2009 publication is a fascinating 188 pages read for anyone interested in family history, local history, social history or

Journal of One-Name Studies, April-June 2010 27 Pictures from the Guild’s DNA Developments Seminar at Ullenwood Vol 10 Issue 6 April-June 2010 Vol

Main inset: The National Star College, Ullenwood, venue for the seminar. Top left: John Blair, who gave a talk on his Blair study. Middle left: Anne Shankland in discussion with John Coldwell. Bottom left: Debbie Kennett delivering her talk on her Cruwys DNA study. Bottom Centre: Attendees take the opportunity to peruse the items available on the Guild Bookstall. Bottom Right: Alan Moorhouse - one of the seminar sub-committee team.

Journal of One-Name Studies Quarterly publication of the Guild of One-Name Studies ISSN 0262-4842 £2.00 when sold to non-members