The Man and His Vision

issn01126-7766 A publication of the Department of Science and Technology SCIENCE andand TECHNOLOGY VOL. XXVIII THIRD QUARTER 2010

Secretary Mario G. Montejo The man and his vision

www.stii.dost.gov.ph SCIENCEand TECHNOLOGY 2010 NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WEEK AWARDEES editorial board

MS. ELIZABETH A. FONTANILLA Outstanding Technology Outstanding Science Administrator Award Publication Director Commercialization Award (Dioscoro L. Umali Medal) (Gregorio Y. Zara Medal) ARISTOTLE P. CARANDANG Awardee: Executive Editor Awardees: Caesar A. Saloma, Ph.D (Physics) Drum Seeder: ATS Development and College of Science, UP Diliman RODEL G. OFFEMARIA commercialization Editor-in-Chief Eulito U. Bautista, Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) 2010 PGCHRD-GRUPPO FRAMELIA V. ANONAS Medica Award for Outstanding Managing Editor Tissue Culture System for Banana Research in Herbal Medicine IPB Banana Tissue Culture JAMES B. INTIA Project Team 3rd Prize – UP Diliman Layout & Graphics Lilian F. Pateña (Project Leader) Student: Janel Kristine Marie R. Tarin Crop Science Cluster, College of Adviser: Dr. Christine C. Hernandez DOST MEDIA CORE Agriculture, University of the Contributing Writers Philippines, Los Baños 3rd Prize – San Pedro College, Davao City JOY M. LAZCANO Outstanding Research and Student: Dawn Emerald Q. de los Santos Editorial Assistant Development Award Adviser: Fatima May Tesoro AUDIO-VISUAL UNIT 1. Basic Research Consolation Prizes Photography (Eduardo A. Quisumbing Medal) • UP Diliman Student: Finella Marie G. Leonido MARIA JUDITH L. SABLAN Awardee: Adviser : Dr. Christine C. Hernandez Proofreader “Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci using a Doubled-Haploid • San Pedro College VALIANT P. ROSALES Population from the Cross of Indica Student: Kristine L. Jao Circulation and Japonica Cultivars of Rice” Name of Adviser: Dean Adelina C. • Victoria C. Lapitan Royo • Edilberto D. Redoña • Toshinori Abe • UST Student: • Darshan S. Brar Ms. Rose Anne H. Paglinawan Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Adviser: Assoc Prof. Librado Santiago Division, Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) Gawad LIDER Award 2. Applied Research Gawad LIDER Exemplary (Julian A. Banzon Medal) Leadership-Institution Category Awardee: The S&T Post is published Awardee: “Development and Application Of quarterly by the Science and • UP-National Engineering Center Two-Dimensional Finite Volume Flow Technology Information Institute- and Sediment Transport Model for Gawad LIDER Exemplary Department of Science and rivers and Reservoirs” Leadership-Individual Category Technology (STII-DOST) with Guillermo Q.Tabios III, Ph.D. editorial office at DOST Compound, Civil Engineering Awardee: Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Institute of Civil Engineering, • University of the Philippines Diliman Dr. Simon L. Chua Taguig City. President, Mathematics Trainers’ Guild Telefax: (02) 837-7520 Gawad LIDER Innovation Tel No.: (02) 837-2071 to 80 local 2148 Awardee: Email: [email protected]; • Dr. Fortunato T. Sevilla III [email protected] what’s inside? JUL • AUG • SEP Third Quarter 2010

Sec. Mario G. Montejo 18 The Man and his vision

editorial 3 Sec. Mario G. Montejo’s NSTW 2010 Keynote Remarks news 5 Former DOST Sec. Ceferino L. Follosco is 05 M&E’s Man of the Year 6 GMA confers Santos Ocampo National Scientist rank 6 ASTI-DOST, Ateneo and UP power up PsciGrid to support education and research 7 Bohol’s S&T director is 2009 Outstanding PSTD 06

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S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 1 what’s inside?

8 RP delegation to 51st IMO reaps silver, other awards 9 DOST honors 271 top scholar-graduates 10 DOST clears air over PAGASA scuffle 10 PNHRS stakeholders meet to seek creative ways to share resources for health research 18 features 11 DOST Sec. Mario G. Montejo: The man and his vision 13 Science Secretary Montejo bats for local tech 14 Photo: 2010 NSTW Highlights 16 Obstetrics in the Philippines circa 1700s 20 18 Are meat, milk and eggs safe? 19 Heavy metal eating bacteria for waste water treatment 20 The Brain Slayer

personality 22 22 Portrait of the Filipino as a DOST scholar setup 24 A couple’s sweet muscovado success

balik-scientist 26 Understanding the Filipino circadian clock 24 alumni 27 Solar power lights up PSHS-Diliman

4kids 28 NRCPs science for kids

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By Mario G. Montejo, DOST Secretary 19 July 2010

National Science and Technology Week 2010 Keynote Remarks The theme for this year’s National Science which is used by well drilling industries. Af- when they found out that my price was 50 and Technology Week (NSTW), “Filipinno- ter designing the equipment, I developed a percent less than their lowest. vation: The Way Forward,” represents the manufacturing process that enabled me to policy direction of this new administration. produce water well screens at a lower cost. With my first hand experience, I can More importantly, the theme provides the Because my products are at par with import- attest to the claim that local innovation impetus for my vision for the science com- ed ones, I was able to eventually capture a really works. Kaya masasabi ko rin na na- munity because I believe we can bank on lion’s share of the market. There was even a pakaganda ng theme ngayon na “Filipinno- the many advances that have been made in time when our factory, then with 80 employ- vation.” Science and technology should be the past years. ees, was open 24/7. for the benefit of the people. Dapat maram- daman ng mga Pilipino ang ginagawa natin. If the climate for innovation is con- At pumasok kami sa marami pang Let me tell you how we intend to do it in ducive, we can count on our research and produkto, using the same formula – devel- the Department of Science and Technology development sector to support and work oping our own equipment to manufacture (DOST). with local firms to come up with products, products that are at par with imported ones, services, and technologies that are competi- but at a cheaper price. First, we will develop a new tracking tive. Let me assure you that there is money system for the Philippine Atmospheric, Geo- in innovation. Eventually, I found out that our inno- physical, and Astronomical Services Division vations were not only competitive locally, (PAGASA). It will complement the current With more than 20 years experience of but also in the world market. setup of the Agency. By our estimates, it being a techno entrepreneur, my business will be operational in a couple of weeks. We model has been very simple. There was a time when a big foreign are very confident that through this short- company approached me. They were sur- term project, we will be able to improve the Naghahanap lang ako ng imported prised that we have a robotic car park, accuracy of tracking typhoons. Also, we in- products that I can manufacture at a lower which is my latest invention, here in the tend to improve our communication strategy cost. I first tried this with the well screen, Philippines. They were even more surprised with the public by providing hourly weather

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local mass tran- What we do in the DOST should not be sit system. The confined to ourselves. Dapat itong malaman concept is much at pakinabangan di lamang ng iilang tao like the LRT and kundi ng higit na nakararami nating mga MRT, but ours kababayan. will cost only one-fourth to Developing local innovative capability one-fifth of the shall be the hallmark of my administration. imported price. This will help us position ourselves favor- Sana with this, ably in strategic niches. Let us use every we can improve possible instrument, such as the NSTW, to the mass tran- make our fellow Filipinos know that LOCAL sit system and TECHNOLOGIES WORK. make it more viable. Hopefully, In closing, I would like to emphasize through this, we that we all have a job to do. Given the full updates. These are just some of our interim will be able to range of scientific applications, each of us programs. We have also prepared medium- solve traffic and pollution problems current- should come up with our own technologi- term goals for PAGASA. ly encountered by Manila and other cities. cal breakthroughs. We need to make sure that what we do will have an impact on the Second, we will strengthen our flood Fifth, we would like to solve the den- economy and, most especially, on the Fili- monitoring system. I hope you are familiar gue problem. This is where we are excited. pino people. with the Effective Flood Operation Control We plan to do this in two ways, one through System (EFCOS). This flood monitoring sys- low-cost and another through high technol- By linking what we do with the reali- tem used to be with the Department of Pub- ogy. ties of everyday life, I believe that we will lic Works and Highways and was later turned be able to gain public support. As was said over to the Metro Manila Development Au- Sixth, we want to join the fight against by National Scientist Gelia Castillo, “sci- thority. It was, however, not operational malnutrition. Wala nang ibang programa ence should serve a human purpose.” That during Typhoon Ondoy. that has a higher cost-benefit ratio than simple line defines everything that we are solving malnu- We are happy to report to you that we trition, espe- have done some improvements on EFCOS. cially for infants About five of its rain gauge sensors have between one been fixed. Also, we have been able to and two years provide a communication link between the old. I would Advanced Science and Technology Institute like to note that and the Meteorology Department of the Uni- DOST programs versity of the Philippines. This has enabled on this are quite real-time updates on the water level along commendable. the Pasig-Marikina River section. After the five, we will replace all the 18 sensors in Seventh, the area. In the next one to two years, we we want to har- plan to roll out this flood forecasting system ness wind tech- all over the country’s major rivers. Ano ang nology. Our aim impact nito sa tao? With this, we will be is to locally de- able to provide two-hour lead-time on our velop windmills, flood forecast. This can translate to lives which will cost and properties saved, especially for those much less than what is available in the mar- supposed to do. living near the rivers. ket. Hopefully, this will make windmills a more viable alternative energy source. It is my sincere hope that the events Third, we are currently developing and activities planned for the National Sci- a proposal for a flood control structure in Eighth, we would like to make our own ence and Technology Week lead us closer the Pasig-Marikina River section. We envi- Precinct Count Optical Scan machine that we toward the attainment of our overall theme. sion this as a possible solution to flooding can offer to the Commission on Elections. If Together, let us drive Filipinnovation into in the area, as was experienced during ty- we are able to build a system that will cost one coherent, forward direction. phoon Ondoy. This will be presented to the only Php2 billion, we can create Php5 bil- national government for consideration. lion in savings. Even with just this, we will be able to justify our existence. Fourth, we intend to put together a

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Former DOST Sec. Ceferino L. Follosco is M&E’s Man of the Year By Framelia V. Anonas S&T Media Service, STII

Dr. Ceferino Follosco bagged this year’s “I have already retired three times,” establish the Design Engineering Center Man of the Year Award of the metals and Follosco said, “but I still like to offer my Foundation, Inc. engineering industry held June 17, 2010 at services to the sector that made me grow.” the Heritage Hotel in Pasay City. Follosco He also teased about the plaque he re- Currently, he chairs the C.L. Follosco was chosen from among six major awardees ceived, as it was made of plastic. “MIRDC Group of Companies which has 10 subsidiar- in this year’s M&E Conference organized by should have prepared something made out ies. He started his career as service engineer the Metals Industry Research and Develop- of its own technology,” he quipped before and later had a hand in the assembly and ment Center of the Department of Science the laughing audience who realized the wis- development of various types of agricultural and Technology. dom of his observation. machinery. He also headed a team that produced the “Ford Fiera,” the first Asian Util- Other major awardees include Jimmy Follosco was DOST Secretary in 1989 ity Vehicle which was exported to various Chan of Maximetal Industries, Inc as 2010 to 1992. He implemented a modernization countries. Tool and Die Maker of the Year; Philip Tan of strategy for the country’s industrial and ag- Wellmade Motors and Development Corpora- ricultural systems through the adoption of The 2010 M&E Man of the Year Awards tion as 2010 Metalworker of the Year; Wel- “leading edge technologies.” The strategy is based on the following criteria: important lington Tong of Pag-asa Steel Works, Inc as included selection of sectors on the basis of contributions to the M&E industry, proven 2010 Steelmaker of the Year; Gregorio Coro- potentials in terms of increased production, leadership qualities, integrity and commit- nel of Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. of Manila increased value added, and capacity to ex- ment to highest professional standards, and as 2010 Welder of the Year; and Follosco as pand local production. He was also respon- professional advancements and experience. 2010 Fabricator of the Year. sible in reorganizing the MIRDC and helped

From left: Jimmy Chan, Representative of Gregorio Coronel, Philip Tan, Dr. Ceferino Follosco, and Wellington Tong

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GMA confers Santos Ocampo National Scientist rank Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo conferred While Chancellor of UP Manila, she led Dr. Perla Santos Ocampo, a medical doctor the establishment of the National Institutes specializing in pediatrics, the rank of Na- of Health in 1998 through RA 8503, includ- tional Scientist on June 25, 2010 at the He- ing the National Graduate School for the roes Hall in Malacañang Palace. The National Health Sciences and the National Telehealth Scientist rank is the highest honor accorded Center. She also served as president of vari- to a Filipino scientist based on his/her con- ous pediatrics and medical organizations. tributions to science and technology. Dr. Santos Ocampo is recipient of many Dr. Santos Ocampo is recognized for her local and international awards and recogni- significant contributions as medical educator, tion. In 1994, she was named Academician by administrator, and institution builder at the the National Academy of Science and Technol- University of the Philippines Manila. She estab- ogy – Philippines. (Framelia V. Anonas, S&T lished the first pediatric fellowship program in Media Service, STII) UP Manila and developed academic programs to enhance pediatrics in the country.

ASTI-DOST, Ateneo and UP power up PsciGrid to support education and research

Now users from remote locations can con- During PsciGrid’s launch on July 2, work or PREGINET, a nationwide broadband veniently access and share science informa- DOST Undersecretary for Research and De- network that interconnects academic insti- tion through the combined computing re- velopment Graciano Yumul, Jr. hailed ASTI tutions, government offices, and research sources of three institutions known for their for this milestone and stressed its impor- and development offices in the country. advanced information technology infrastruc- tance in collaborative scientific R&D which ture. Dubbed the “Philippine e-Science Grid” is marked by the working together of tech- Grace Dy Jongco, project leader of the or PsciGrid, the beefed up infrastructure is nology, people, and resources. Grid-Infra Project, describes this milestone the product of the combined resources of as very important because “our S&T com- Department of Science and Technology’s “Technologies make it possible for us munity needs to work together in harness- Advanced Science and Technology Institute to undertake cross-regional and cross-insti- ing ICT infrastructures fully for the benefit (ASTI), University of the Philippines Compu- tutional cooperation,” he said. “With tech- of our local research and development.” She tational Science Research Center (UP-CSRC), nology, people are able to share knowledge also said that, through the PsciGrid, local and Ateneo de Manila University School of and expertise virtually, as well as combine researchers will be able to participate in cut- Science and Engineering (AdMU-SoSE). resources to make things happen.” ting-edge collaborative scientific research that aims to address global problems. PsciGrid is the Philippines’ first na- “Resource-sharing enables the opti- tional e-science grid infrastructure, allowing mization of individual resources that are During the launch, the PSciGrid team distributed computing, data, and storage connected together in a single network,” he demonstrated different applications running resources to be shared among users from added. on PSciGrid, including an application for remote locations. It uses a high speed net- earthquake simulation named SPECFEM3D Meanwhile, Denis Villorente, ASTI Di- work called Research and Education Network Globe, which can be used by DOST’s Philip- rector, underlined the need to promote grid intended mainly to support research and pine Institute of Volcanology and Seismol- services to the local scientific community education, or scientific investigations such ogy (PHIVOLCS). who can benefit from this technology, and as studies on climate change and drug dis- encourage local researchers and scientists Also demonstrated was AutoDock Vina covery. to enhance their research collaboration with which is used for drug discovery, molecular The combined power of ASTI, Ate- their counterparts abroad. docking, and virtual screening. ASTI also neo, and UP for PSciGrid totals 33 compute showcased its new Stereoscopic 3D Visual- ASTI, DOST’s lead research and devel- nodes, equivalent to 200 central processing ization Facility that enables 3D visualization opment institute in ICT and Microelectronics, units, 12.5 terabytes of disk space, and 509 and presentation of scientific data, such as earlier established the Philippine Research, gigabytes of memory. molecular interaction. (Jelina Tetangco and Education and Government Information Net- Framelia V. Anonas, S&T Media Service)

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Bohol’s S&T director is 2009 Outstanding PSTD Sec. Estrella Alabastro awarded Engr. Marcial Tanggaan, director of Provincial Sci- ence and Technology Center (PSTC)- Bohol, the 2009 Outstanding PST Director on June 28, 2010 at the Department of Science and Technology. Tanggaan was selected by the DOST-Central Office PRAISE Committee out of four shortlist nominees.

According to Dir. Elizabeth Fontanilla of the Administrative and Legal Services and chair of the DOST-CO PRAISE Committee, award selection was based on performance, innovation/creativity, exemplary behavior, and linkages/networking.

The Committee gave due recognition In photo (L-R): Asec. Carol Yorobe, Dir. Elizabeth Fontanilla, Sec. Estrella Alabastro, Engr. to Engr. Tanggaan’s innovation and creativ- Marcial Tanggaan, and DOST Region 8 Director Burt Llanto. ity when he led the Provincial Food Safety team, the first of its kind in the country, of Bohol ethnic food manufacturers. This Total Woodkraft has become a success story which resulted in the creation of the Bohol initiative not only promoted Bohol’s tradi- with only Tanggaan and DOST’s support Food Safety and Packaging Facility, an ini- tional food favorites but also opened eco- guiding the orphaned family in running the tiative duplicated by other PST Offices. The nomic opportunities for employment and business. team educates owners and staff of various manufacturing in the island-province. restaurants, fastfoods, and resorts in the Tanggaan likewise organized the 250- province on proper food handling. Tanggaan Moreover, Tanggaan’s dedication be- strong DOST Scholars Association of Bohol organized the multi-sectoral food safety yond duty was shown when he continued to which serves as DOST’s network in informa- team to help ensure food quality and safety provide technical and management support tion dissemination and monitoring of schol- in Bohol, a fast-becoming tourist destina- to Total Woodkraft, a beneficiary of DOST’s ars. The Association set up a common fund tion in the country. Small and Medium Enterprises Technology that allows scholars to borrow money in Upgrading Program (SETUP), even after the emergency situations. (Framelia V. Anonas, Tanggaan also led Bohol manufactur- owner died and nobody in the owner’s fam- S&T Media Service, STII) ers to form Bohol Profood, an organization ily had no capability to run the business.

The Outstanding Young Scientists, Inc (OYSI) 5th Annual Meeting and Scientific Convention held July 13, 2010 at the Manila Hotel had the theme “Meeting the Challenges of Natural Resource Management. This year’s awardees are Dr. Eufemio T. Rasco, Jr. of the Ministry of the Philippines Mindanao and Dr. Rodel D. Lasco of the World Agroforestry Centre.

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RP delegation to 51st IMO reaps silver, other awards By Mark Ivan C. Roblas Information Officer, SEI

St. Jude Catholic School’s Carmela Antoi- “The last time we had a silver was in Dr. Fidel R. Nemenzo heads MOSC. nette S. Lao became the first Filipina to 1989, courtesy of Jerome Khohayting. For Garces and Ong were assisted by Alva Bene- win silver in the International Mathematical the first time, all members of the Philippine dict C. Balbuena of UP-Diliman, Rey A. Bar- Olympiad during its 51st edition recently. team are bringing home honors,” Garces celon of Misys International Banking Sys- It’s only the country’s 2nd silver finish in said. tem, Dr. Job Nable, and Winfer Tabares of the world’s most prestigious mathematics AdeMU. contest after a drought of 21 years. He added that the individual wins of the Philippine team has put the country “We are very proud of our students She also made history last year as the ahead of other nations with six students who brought home honor for our country. first Filipina to win bronze at the 50th IMO. sent to the IMO, and is the best Philippine They are our precious resources which we performance in the IMO so far. The Phil- will continue to nurture through our various Mathematical Society of the Philip- ippines ranks 74th among countries that programs,” SEI Director Ester B. Ogena said. pines’ Dr. Ian June Garces who led the Phil- joined the IMO, an improvement from last ippine delegation to the IMO said Lao got year’s 78th ranking. Ogena said SEI will continue to sup- a total score of 21 points to earn a silver port gifted students in science and mathe- medal. “The gold, silver, and bronze medalists matics. “We will be on a continuous lookout are the top half of the participants, and they for gifted students who can be trained and Lao’s teammates including Henry Jef- are in the ratio 1:2:3. The cut-off score for exposed to local and international competi- ferson Morco of Chiang Kai Shek College, and gold is 27, for silver is 21, and for bronze tions to further hone their skills,” she said. Zheng Rong Wu of Zamboanga Chong Hua is 15. There are 517 participants from 96 High School got honorable mentions in the countries and territories,” he added. Ogena expressed hope that the RP same contest. team’s strong performance in the 51st IMO Garces, an associate professor of math- could inspire more students to pursue sci- The three were selected from over ematics at AdMU, guided the RP team to- ence and technology careers. 2,800 high school students nationwide who gether with deputy team leader Glen Mack- participated in the Philippine Mathemati- enzie S. Ong, a math enthusiast and former “The Philippines needs our gifted stu- cal Olympiad. PMO’s top 20 finalists were Philippine contestant to the IMO. dents to pursue S&T careers and enhance trimmed down to three after undergoing the development of the country to an in- rigorous training through the Mathemati- The Department of Science and Tech- novation center,” she said. cal Olympiad Science Camp, a month-long nology’s Science Education Institute and summer training held at Ateneo de Manila MSP supported the country’s participation The 52nd IMO will be held in Amster- University. in the IMO and MOSC. dam, The Netherlands in 2011.

L to R: Team Leader Dr. Ian June L. Garces, Hon- orable Mention awardee Henry Jefferson C. Morc, Silver Medalist Carmela Antoinette S. Lao, Hon- orable Mention awardee Zheng Rong S. Wu, and Deputy Team Leader Mr. Glen C. Ong

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DOST honors 271 top scholar-graduates By Mark Ivan C. Roblas Information Officer, SEI

A special tribute to 271 outstanding students who completed their college and post-graduate education for the school year 2009-2010 through scholarship programs under the Department of Science and Technology was one of the highlights of this year’s National Science and Technology Week celebration.

The top science scholars received medals for superior academic performance during the “In Touch with Excellence” awarding program held at Diosdado Macapagal Hall of Land Bank of the Philippines in Manila. DOST’s Science Education Institute organized the annual tribute.

This year’s honor haul completed di- verse science courses with excellence earn- In Touch. Department of Science and Technology Undersecretary Fortunato T. dela Peña ing honors such as summa cum laude (6), (4th from left) and Science Education Institute Director Dr. Ester B. Ogena (front) pose with magna cum laude (69), cum laude (190), graduating DOST scholars during a break of “In Touch with Excellence” program honorable mention (1), academic excellence year college students enrolled in “priority engineering courses and related fields. (2), three academic distinctions (3). courses” in the basic sciences, engineering, “Today’s generation is a sharing gen- There were 49 graduates under the and applied sciences in any of the DOST-SEI eration. I challenge our scholar-graduates DOST-SEI Merit Scholarship, the precursor of network of higher education institutions. to share their knowledge, experience, skills, all DOST scholarships including two summa Two students graduated cum laude un- and habits to their fellow scholars and other cum laude, 22 magna cum laude, 24 cum der another scholarship program called Proj- people their secret in achieving the excel- laude, and one honorable mention. ect 8102 that’s implemented in cooperation lence they have possessed, which we honor at this ceremony,” DOST Secretary Mario Under Republic Act 7687 Scholarship with the Philippine Normal University, De Montejo said. Program, 167 scholar-graduates earned La Salle University, and Technological Uni- honors including two summa cum laude, versity of the Philippines. This scholarship DOST will continue to search and nur- 39 magna cum laude, 123 cum laude, one program seeks to develop a new genera- ture students who want to become scientists Academic Excellence and two Academic tion of competent science and mathematics and engineers through scholarships and Distinctions. RA 7687 or the Science and teachers committed to teach in secondary similar intervention programs, he added. Technology Scholarship Act of 1994 aims schools. to raise the country’s S&T human resource “Every year, we produce scholar-gradu- Moreover, five scholars graduated cum by granting financial assistance to poor but ates who finish with flying colors but we will laude under the Project 2004-01 Education talented students who want to pursue prior- not rest in our continuous quest to build a at University of San Carlos in Cebu. ity courses in science and engineering. critical mass of scientists and engineers in Meanwhile, two scholars graduated the country,” he said. Six scholars graduated ahead of the summa cum laude and cum laude under the prescribed study period. As an incentive, On the other hand, SEI Director Ester Accelerated Science and Technology Human they will get their stipends for the “excess” B. Ogena noted that there are 1,437 DOST Resource Development Program, a unified semesters along with shortened service ob- scholar-graduates nationwide in school year human resource program that aims to has- ligation specified in their scholarship con- 2009-2010. Among these, 1,203 are under ten advanced human resource development tract. the S&T college level scholarship program. through graduate and post-graduate schol- Under the Junior Level Science Schol- arships. “SEI shall be at the forefront of beef- arship Program, 45 scholars graduated with ing up the Philippines’ pool of scientists and One scholar finished with magna cum honors including one summa cum laude, sev- engineers in support of the country’s devel- laude honor in the Engineering Research and en magna cum laude, 35 cum laude, and one opment,” she added. SEI currently supports Development for Technology (ERDT) program, with academic excellence. This scholarship 11,767 scholars throughout the country. a graduate scholarship program in priority program is offered to qualified regular third

S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 9 news DOST clears air over PAGASA scuffle By Aristotle P. Carandang S&T Media Service, STII

Clouds of doubt over the real score on the replacement Dr. Prisco Nilo as Director of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA has finally dissipated. tise in meteorology will benefit the climate Reports show that PAGASA under Dr. Yumul change project of the Department. Secre- was able to get 11 of the 13 grants from In a press conference held 10 August tary Montejo’s next moves with regard to various foreign funding groups, triggering 2010, Department of Science and Technol- weather forecasting are presented in four PAGASA’s ongoing modernization program. ogy (DOST) Secretary Mario G. Montejo said key messages: sense of urgency, innovation, that differences between him and Dr. Nilo enhanced cellular-based information dis- Aside from the early warning systems, to effectively discharge the mandates of the semination, and saving lives and properties Dr. Yumul said that one of the more im- weather agency was the major reason for the using a multi-pronged approached for their mediate actions of PAGASA is information latter’s transfer of post. Dr. Nilo has been implementation. He further explained that dissemination with form and messages that transferred to the DOST Central Office in Bi- an early warning system, especially during can be easily understood by most Filipinos. cutan, Taguig City where he will lead a spe- calamities, would be enhanced by having a “Preparations are ongoing to train PAGASA cial project on Climate Change Mitigation two-hour window warning for people in af- forecasters to effectively communicate with and Adaptation under DOST Undersecretary fected areas to be prepared. the public,” Dr. Yumul said. for S&T Services Fortunato T. Dela Peña. Replacing Dr. Nilo for a period of three On August 6, President Benigno Aqui- Secretary Montejo said in an interview months as Officer-in-Charge is DOST Under- no issued a statement on Dr. Nilo’s replace- that Dr. Nilo’s new appointment would be secretary for Research and Development Gra- ment because of the differences between for the good of both the Department and ciano P. Yumul Jr. In 2005, Undersecretary Secretary Montejo and Dr. Nilo. PAGASA. He explained that Dr. Nilo’s exper- Yumul was the steward of PAGASA as its OIC.

PNHRS stakeholders meet to seek creative ways to share resources for health research

Key actors and stakeholders of the Phil- vergence: Resource Sharing for More Mileage Meanwhile, the PNHRS body honored ippine National Health Research System in Health Research”, the two-day 4th PNHRS the winners of the Outstanding Health Re- (PNHRS) focused on innovative and effec- Week inspired participants to have better search Award, namely the Institute of Hu- tive resource sharing mechanisms to pro- ideas and more zest in getting their acts to- man Genetics of the National Institutes of mote and sustain health research in the gether to move the PNHRS forward. Health in UP Manila, Dr. Bayani Blas of the Philippines to celebrate this year’s PNHRS Doña Remedios T. Romualdez Medical Foun- Week. The regions are at the helm of the dation in Region 8, and Dr. Enrique Ona of PNHRS as they follow good practices in re- the National Kidney and Transplant Institute Stakeholders agreed to act as one source sharing, according to PNHRS organiz- for their work on new born screening, con- through swift, aggressive, and essential ap- ers. These good practices include converging trol and prevention of schistosomiasis, and proaches to achieve better health for all. and seeking commitment of various institu- kidney transplantation, respectively. Hence, the group underscored better linkage tions from different sectors and disciplines, and focus on the National Unified Health Re- engaging in collaborative health researches, Further, the exhibit focused on “Local search Agenda, and pushed forward the en- and mentoring young researchers. They also Solutions for Local Health Problems,” high- actment of the PNHRS bill at the local level. provide counterpart fund, staff support, and lighting research results of young research- time, as well as share facilities/infrastruc- ers. (S&T Media Service) With the theme “Convergence in Di- ture, expertise, materials, and information.

10 S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 features DOST Sec. Mario G. Montejo: The man and his vision By Rodel G. Offemaria S&T Media Service, STII

“To be creative you have to contribute some- cessful technopreneur—a self-description In 1963, the Montejo family migrated thing different from what you’ve done before. Your that’s almost an understatement from some- from Tacloban to Manila. Young Mario was one who competed well in an industry train grade four. “We stayed in a small two- results need not be original to the world; few results ditionally dominated by giant multinational bedroom apartment” in Tayuman, Sta. Cruz truly meet that criterion. In fact, most results are industry players. district in Manila, he said. built on the work of others.” The person Montejo grew up in that once vibrant — Lynne C. Levesque The presidential announcement thrust Mon- section of the capital. In such environment, tejo, 57, to national spotlight, at least a dream to live in a big house grew, too. Breakthrough Creativity among the tightly-knit science community. That’s because “I developed claustropho- On the spot, his universe expanded. His re- bia,” he disclosed. When President Benigno Simeon Aquino sponsibilities at once swelled along with the III announced on national TV the appoint- loads of interweaving challenges bolted into The student ment of Engr. Mario G. Montejo as the new the nation’s top S&T job. His parents, like most others, worked hard Secretary of the Department of Science to send Montejo and his siblings to good and Technology, the news quickly rippled But, easily, the son of a “middle class” schools. He completed primary education in through the science community. To many, parents, the second in a brood of four has a nearby Catholic school, and then went to the name and the face are fresh. come a long way. “My father was a govern- Lourdes High School in Quezon City. ment employee and my mother was a house- That’s partly descriptive of the new wife”, he says. In 1969, he went to the University of man at the helm of DOST, low key and soft the Philippines to pursue BS Mechanical En- spoken. But he carries a big stick as a suc-

S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 11 features

gineering. “All classes of people are there, long as you can provide solutions to prob- ger work hours.” Yet it was also a chance to so you can adjust easily,” he said. The lib- lems, you can do business.” “make a difference that’s beyond money”. eral mix made “college life better than high school life.” “I like to tinker with ideas and try Before Montejo’s appointment, he is to earn” from such ideas at the same time. president of two thriving companies. One is But those were heady days for sociopo- “Tinkering,” in Montejo’s realm, has led to NWSteel Technologies Inc., which manufac- litical involvement. The First Quarter Storm better business productivity, optimum space tures or fabricates steel structures including was raging, which defined a generation fully use, safer recreation, practical environment steel poles, ship-to-shore gantry cranes, and awake and wrestled with the deadly fallout management, and affordable quality op- mega tent structures, among others. The of boiling tensions spewed by the same tions. other company is called Tree Top Adventure classes of people that made up Montejo’s Philippines Inc., which is involved in eco- academic world. He was at ground zero. “I apply what I learned in engineer- adventure/eco-tourism theme park. ing to business activities.” So far, he lists “Everybody was doing their share for “firsts” local inventions such as “GSM based Pres. Aquino showed interest in tech- the good of the country,” he said. He joined water level sensor and rain gauge for flood nology related business activities, Montejo rallies once or twice. monitoring and forecasting,” modular and said. “We’re aligned in thinking about what transferable steel car parks, robotic car local technology can do” to improve produc- But he wasn’t really “politically in- park, the world’s first aero-musical ride, tivity and development. clined.” He realized “you have to do the world’s first motorized zipline, ship-to- something for the country where you are shore cranes now installed in Cagayan de Expectations, Vision equipped.” In his case, it’s in engineering Oro’s Oroport, the first locally fabricated In DOST, Montejo found himself “with cre- field. equipment for hot-dip steel galvanization; ative people” who are “passionate” in what the first locally fabricated equipment for they do. The technopreneur manufacturing of steel poles, gabions, SRC In 1975, Montejo completed his BSME de- He wants to pursue a “market driven panels, water well screens; and the first gree, and placed 6th in the Mechanical En- approach.” That means “we will justify our locally fabricated water drilling equipment gineering Board the same year. existence by creating socioeconomic values” with rotary table. through DOST programs. His academic background made job He has completed projects with major hunting easier. In two years, he was earn- To do this, he wants to list down prob- companies in the country involved in toll- ing well. After three years, he ventured into lems that DOST may be capable of providing ways, power distribution, seaports, shop- construction as contractor for electrical solution in measurable terms. We want proj- ping centers, and even local government works, building of canteen, bakery, etc. ects that would benefit people and society, units using such locally developed business he says. Eventually, he designed and fabricated solutions. ”Local conditions require local so- an equipment that produced the first locally lutions,” he explained. And almost always, He believes that DOST should have a made water well screen that became a hit local solution comes out cheaper. stronger role in the national development with industrial estates and subdivisions. mission over the next six years including “We have to rely on our own talents life enhancing programs on nutrition, den- and resources.” Montejo strongly believes The demand for the product apparently gue control, disaster management, and mass that “there’s always a way of doing things gushed. “There was a time we operate 24/7 transit, among others. to meet orders,” he said. if there’s no conflict with engineering fun- damentals,” which “gives you confidence” The nation’s top S&T administrator The product was competitive on price about quality and safety, among others. says “R&D is not an expense” but a wise in- and quality. The water well screen market vestment for the future. “As long as projects Invitation to public service was previously dominated by Australian and have scientific basis, and whatever products Having achieved a “comfortable” life, Mon- US brands. or services they provide are superior to ex- tejo was ready to “slow down.” But Presi- isting or are in the market, I will support To Montejo, there was a lot of pride dent Aquino sent word he wanted to see such projects,” he added. in breaking through a market with import- Montejo’s curriculum vitae. Anticipating substitution strategy. Sometimes, he said, what might follow, Montejo discussed with In a nutshell, his vision is “to be faith- “enjoyment is stronger than the business wife Ma. Rosario and their four children ful to the mandate” of DOST. part.” what looms to be a far busier public life. Then “I was offered the post,” he said. So far, Sec. Montejo is keeping pace The commercial success that flowed with his new role, which is like the chief out of the water well screen spread into The day he went to Malacañang with a technology officer of the country. That in- other bigger projects. There is money in in- decision to accept the top DOST job, he also cludes adjusting to the new environment of novation, Montejo said matter-of-factly. “As knew it meant a “sacrifice in pay and lon- exhaustive “bureaucratic process.”

12 S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 features

Science Secretary Montejo bats for local tech By Aristotle P. Carandang S&T Media Service, STII

“Local technology works” is the emphatic effort of promoting technologies that have using wind energy by way of windmills. “But message of Secretary Mario G. Montejo of been developed by the Filipinos. “Another we are seriously looking at the most cost- the Department of Science and Technology good side of this effort is that we are at- effective design unlike the ones currently (DOST). tacking problems via strong partnership. used in Ilocos. We hope to bring down the The government, academe, and private sec- cost of production to at least 50 percent Secretary Montejo said that the Na- tor are working together towards attaining compared with what is currently in use,” he tional Innovation Agenda dubbed ‘Filipin- a common goal,” he added. added. Other aspects that DOST is consider- novation’ represents the policy direction of ing are flood monitoring and flood control. the new administration. Citing the advances Of the many plans the DOST wants to On the monitoring side, the DOST is current- made by the science community in the past, realize, according to Secretary Montejo, is ly upgrading the existing sensors along the he said that the country can count on Filipi- the locally manufactured mass transit sys- Marikina River and designing flood control no researchers given a climate conducive for tem which is already on the initial stages systems together with other agencies. innovation; supporting and working with lo- of development. The railway track for the cal firms to come up with products, services, planned prototype will be at the University Various undertakings are also underway and technologies that are competitive. of the Philippines Diliman. He disclosed that as far as information and communications groundbreaking will be by November 2010 technology is concerned. The DOST is deter- “Remember that we are encouraging and will be completed within six months af- mined to develop a PC tablet for students complementation where initiatives are har- ter the groundbreaking. “What makes this that would cost as low as PhP3,000.00. This monized for the various disciplines to work mass transport system different is that it would come in much cheaper than those together with the goal of making things will be locally manufactured and would cost available in the market and would be advan- simple yet beneficial,” Secretary Montejo much less that other mass transport systems tageous to students. “Imagine a PC tablet at explained. developed from other countries,” he said. PhP3,000.00. If mass manufactured, there is still the possibility of pulling down its cost What’s important, according to the Secretary Montejo also shared the to make it even more affordable,” Secretary new Science Secretary, is the Department’s DOST is also considering the possibility of Montejo said.

S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 13 2010 NSTW Highlights The Way Forward Filipinnovation: The Way Forward Filipinnovation: features Charlatans, superstition, quackery Obstetrics in the Philippines circa 1700s

By Framelia V. Anonas pregnancy or the evolution and progress of Other women, believing they will be S&T Media Service, STII childbirth. spared the pains of childbirth, applied scap- For a first-time mother in this generation, ular images and religious medals on their In cases of difficult childbirth, the giving birth whips a scuffle of excitement, abdomens or extremities. poor mother is left to the tender mercies of pain, and joy. But for a first-time mother the elements. If she fails to survive the tor- Influence of missionaries in the 1700s, the swirl of emotions were ment, the blame was kicked out to the usual When Spanish missionaries came to the is- most likely far different- maybe a little more malevolent spirits called aswang. According lands, they fervently ministered to the spiri- creepy. to folklores, the aswang eats up the baby tual needs of the people, and also attended This can be sifted through the account inside the mother’s womb. to the sick including women giving birth. of Dr. Fernando Calderon, a renowned gyne- Calderon cited the work of Fr. Pablo Clain, In cases of spontaneous abortion, the cologist at the turn of the 20th century in S.J. entitled “Easy Remedies for Various Dis- hilot passes out the accountability to an- his 1908 paper published in the Philippine eases” published in 1710 detailing how the other spirit called patianac, which suppos- Journal of Science. Dr. Calderon holds the friars attended to mothers on the throes of edly enters the woman to devour the fetus. distinction of being the first ever Filipino childbirth. But in the contemporary medical world, the author to publish his work in the highly-re- condition could be a case of expulsion of Despite the observed backwardness of garded journal founded by eminent American macerated fetus, uterine mole, placenta pra- treatments during his time, Calderon was scientists sent on assignment to the Philip- via, etc. still shocked at the more barbaric way the pine islands by the new imperial power. friars “treated” their patients. For example, Calderon concludes that such supersti- Calderon’s paper entitled “Obstetrics Clain’s instructions to women about to give tions came from ancient pagan beliefs that in the Philippine Islands,” describes obstet- birth were to induce sneezing by blowing were so widespread during that time. He re- rics procedures during the 1700s. The paper mustard seed powder and white pepper into called that as an intern, he performed an explains the awful childbirth practices dur- their nostrils. She should also eat “balls of autopsy on a woman who died because a ing that period, particularly in communities hair formed on deer or hogs.” The hilot also quack “barbarously beaten her with the tail without access to proper medical care. What should anoint her abdomen with lukewarm of a stingray.” came out in his investigation was a genera- coconut oil mixed with “escobilla” juice or other herb decoctions. She is also injected tion of mothers battered by superstitious The woman had normal delivery and with “acrid and irritating” materials, such as practices that brought suffering and even had contracted puerperal or childbed fever, gall of a black hen or mouse excrements. death. he noted. This means that she caught an infection following childbirth because of Only midwives allowed here If the baby happens to be in abnormal unsanitary instruments used by the attend- Calderon noted that during childbirth, only position while being born, such as getting ing hilot. But the hilot blamed the aswang traditional midwives or hilots were allowed out leg or arm first, the hilot was to “push for the woman’s furious chills, which the to assist in child delivery. Hilots, usually the it back inside the mother . . . and after the hilot ruled need to be expelled of her body community’s oldest women acquired author- child is again within, she must manipulate through severe whipping of the stingray’s ity based on their own childbirth experi- it so it will emerge in due form . . . .” After tail. ences. It was no surprise that hilots based the woman gives birth (if successful, by the way), Clain instructed that she should be their diagnosis on strange “symptoms,” such Another doctor told of a woman in Manila applied with various materials such as snake as the size of the moon, appearance of com- who just gave birth and was given a drink of skin and made to drink dog urine, or horse ets, tidal rise and ebb, wind direction, and horse excrement “in order to facilitate labor.” or cow excrements. temperature to prophesy the development of The poor woman caught tetanus and died.

16 S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 features Charlatans, superstition, quackery Obstetrics in the Philippines circa 1700s

Another work, mercifully modern than Calderon also recalled an incident in believed, while writing his paper, that the Fr. Clain’s and inclined toward surgery, ad- Ambos, Camarines where the wife of a Chi- advancement of obstetrics in the country vises every curate to secure the “proper in- nese had postpartum hemorrhage caused by was very helpful to women who by then strument”, which is a convex bistoury (sur- the retention of the placenta. To stop the know that they need to call a physician gical knife). Such instructions show that the hemorrhage, the Chinese and the hilot coiled when giving birth. But he also empathized medico-social influence of missionary friars her hair very tight and used it to hang her for the “nameless mass of parturients of the in the country “has been exceedingly impor- from one of the beams of the house. The lower classes” who had little choice against tant, especially in the field of obstetrics,” woman tragically died of convulsions while the mystical forces that barnacled them to according to Calderon. suspended in mid-air in such unimaginable a cheerless fate. agony. Influence of Chinese immigrants He also acknowledged that women During this period, thousands of Chinese Many hilots, Calderon observed, did died while giving birth not only because immigrants settled in the country and in- not cut the umbilical cord until the placenta they were in the wrong hands, but also be- troduced a ripple of Chinese superstitions. has been delivered, leaving the baby in because they were in such “absolutely lacking Calderon was then municipal physician in tween her mother’s legs for hours, covered [in] hygienic conditions.” He also noted the Ormoc, Leyte and saw for himself Chinese with fat-like substance, meconium, amniotic women’s aversion to hospitals as they were methods of treating diseases. fluid, blood, and feces. attached to their homes and families where they felt more comfortable. Beds for child- He noted that the Chinese discern the Obstetrics advances in the Philippines birth were practically unoccupied for many ease and difficulty of a woman’s childbirth From Calderon’s account, it appears that months in many hospitals. experience through the lines on her palms. our great great grandmothers suffered im- If a line completely crosses the palm, she mensely during childbirth. These “barbarous Dr. Calderon’s observations provide will have difficult births. During childbirth, practices and manipulations which are an important documentary on how obstetrics cylindrical bricks are heated well and ap- outrage to civilization have cost the lives evolved in this country--once dominated by plied on the abdomen, purportedly to expel of many women in childbirth,” said Dr. Cal- charlatans, superstition, and quackery. wind and cold from the womb, which the deron. He denounced the barbaric practices Chinese believed were the woman’s “mortal during that time, but acknowledged the ef- Note: enemies.” forts of Spanish and Filipino physicians who, The recording and archiving of Calderon’s beginning 1870, shed the “first rays of the research findings was made possible by the When delivery is difficult, the husband light of medical science on the chaotic state Philippine Journal of Science which serves as is made to step over the wife two or three of affairs.” the country’s leading repository of ground- times to induce delivery. If this is ineffec- breaking scientific findings since 1906. It tive, they tie the husband’s used drawers He named several people who, Dr. Cal- is the Philippines’ premiere science jour- to the woman’s hair, “so that the smell of deron said, deserve gratitude and praise for nal that is ISI-covered, and peer-reviewed his father may cause the fetus to emerge.” contributing a “grain of sand” to the estab- on a double-blind mode. It is managed by When a woman is hemorrhaging, her hair is lishment of scientific foundation of obstet- the Department of Science and Technology’s tied in a tight knot and is prohibited to sit rics in the country. He especially mentioned Science and Technology Information Insti- down to “prevent the spirit from escaping Dr. Felipe Zamora as the “best obstetrician tute. PJS was first published in 1906 by the the body.” of Manila and adjacent provinces.” He also Bureau of Science, the forerunner of today’s noted the establishment of the school of Industrial Technology Development Insti- When the poor patient appears to be in midwives in 1879 that professionalized the tute, also of the DOST. a very serious condition and about to hem- training of midwives. orrhage, the family members kill a chicken, Other interesting papers on varied cut it open, and smear blood to the woman’s Obstetrics in the country quickly ad- topics are reprinted in the PJS Centennial breast to “give her life.” vanced following the establishment of the Edition Vols. I and II, now on sale at P700 Bureau of Health in 1901 and the Philippine per copy. Medical School in 1905. Calderon strongly

S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 17 features Are meat, milk and eggs safe? By Geraldine Bulaon-Ducusin S&T Media Service, STII

espite the clamor of the media and contaminated food of animal origin, mainly such as in farms and even in abattoirs. She health advocates for the public to meat, poultry, eggs and milk. recommended adopting the “farm-to-table Dstay away from unhealthy eating approach” in handling food safety in the habits, such as too much meat and eggs, In her presentation, Dr. Padilla cited Philippines. This approach pertains to en- it is hard to let a meal pass up on a Fili- that while animal-associated microbial and suring proper implementation of food safety pino table without serving meat, milk, eggs chemical contamination of food can occur at guidelines in all stages of the food supply or products made from these items. Adobo, any stage of the food chain, most reported chain, from feed production, animal pro- kwek-kwek and leche flan are only a few of cases of breach in food safety guidelines duction, processing, transport, storage and the Filipino favorites that continue to be a take place at the animal production area, retail sale. mainstay in the Filipino diet despite the increase in cardio and diabetes cases in the country. Kwek-kwek is a Filipino delicacy made of quail eggs and some orange batter, deep-fried, and dipped in vinegar.

Experts say that meat, milk, eggs and their products are safe when properly han- dled. In the case of the Philippines, food safety in animal-sourced foods has yet to be strengthened. At the 10th Science Coun- cil of Asia Conference hosted by the Philip- pines through the National Research Council of the Philippines, Dr. Mildred A. Padilla, a professor at the UP Los Baños College of Veterinary Medicine, said, “Livestock and poultry are principal sources of many harm- ful food-borne microorganisms and chemical residues.”

Dr. Padilla discussed the link of disease-causing microorganisms that travel from animals to human. She cited the bacteria that are present in eggs soiled with fecal matter or are cracked or opened, which the public may consume from the streetcorners’ kwek-kwek stall. Then there are also the veterinary drugs residue which may also find their way inside the human body.

In a country where food safety policies and initiatives are not well-coordinated, the public is at risk of being exposed to food- borne diseases such as Salmonella, a type of bacteria which causes illnesses like nau- sea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, fever, and headache. Salmonella is generally transmitted to humans once they consume

18 S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 features

Heavy metal eating bacteria for waste water treatment

By Maria Judith L. Sablan S&T Media Service, STII

bacterium capable of biosorption of Rhizopus; fungi; yeast; activated sludge; diseases, learning disorders, cancer, demen- copper, cadmium, and lead was iso- fermentation waste; and other specially tia, and premature aging. These are more Alated from Mogpog River in Marin- propagated biomasses. than enough reasons to control emissions of duque, Philippines. In a study by a group heavy metals into the environment. led by Marilen Parungao from University of Heavy metals are naturally present the Philippines Manila, the bacterium called on earth. Some heavy metals such as zinc, Conventional techniques to remove Stenotrophomonas maltophilia demonstrated copper, chromium, iron, and manganese are toxic metals include chemical precipitation, the ability to biosorp as much as 22 per- required by the body in small amounts. But filtration, electrochemical treatment, and cent of copper, 24 percent of cadmium, and these elements can be toxic in larger quan- membrane technologies. But these methods 42.75 percent of lead when tested in syn- tities. Meanwhile, lead, mercury, cadmium, are extremely expensive, lack specificity, thetic primary (single metal) solutions. The chromium, and copper are very toxic met- and ineffective at low metal ion concentra- tiny creature can also remove as much as 16 als. Heavy metal contamination is a major tions. Moreover, current technologies for percent of copper, percent of cadmium, and environmental concern in many water eco- the removal of heavy metals from industrial 35 percent of lead in ternary (mixed metals) systems. Toxicology studies confirm its dan- effluents often create secondary problems solutions. gerous impact. Toxic heavy metals released with metal-bearing sludge. by industries poison the environment and Biosorption is a property of certain threaten water supplies. Dissolved met- Biological material sorption or biosorp- types of inactive, dead, microbial biomass als that escape into the environment pose tion can be considered as a novel process to to bind and concentrate heavy metals from serious health hazard. They accumulate in remove toxic metals from industrial effluents. even very dilute aqueous solutions. Certain living tissues throughout the food chain – It is effective, simple, and cheap. With the biomass with metal-binding capacity are with humans on top - multiplying the dan- study revealing S. maltophilia’s ability to bio- seaweeds particularly the brown algae Sar- ger. As levels of heavy metals increase in the sorp, it can be used to remove heavy metals gassum and Ecklonia; microorganisms such air, water, and topsoil, they also increase from the river, which is one of the major trib- as the bacterium Bacillus subtilis; the mold within our bodies contributing to chronic utaries of a mining industry in the country.

S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 19 features

By Jowi A. Carteciano S&T Media Service, NRCP The Brain Slayer

welve-year old Edi has what most par- that Edi died from meningitis, an in- affecting other tissues and organs to the ents wish in their kids--thoughtful, flammation of the protective membrane salivary glands, she added. Tsupportive, and cheerful. coverings of the brain and the spinal cord (nervous system) of which the bacterium The salivary gland receives high A bright sixth grader in a Quezon City known as meningococcal is the main cause. concentrations of the virus, making saliva public elementary school, Edi did well both a potent vector or channel of further in academics and sports. He was a member The hospital’s team of experts on transmissions. of the drama and science/math clubs. His infectious diseases doubted the initial fondness for badminton and basketball finding. Additional laboratory tests were The disease’s incubation period likely kept him in the pink of health. He conducted using some tissues from Edi’s depends on how far the virus must travel to was rarely sick. remains. Based on the new tests’ results, reach the central nervous system, usually the hospital issued an official death certifi- taking a few months (Robbers and Cotran: In the second grading period of cate indicating the cause of death as rabies Pathogenic Basis of Disease: 2005). But school year 2008 – 2009, Edi was only few infection. without medical intervention and intensive points short from the first placer. His math care, death strikes during the first seven teacher said Edi was hoping to deliver the Rabies is a viral neuro-invasive days of illness. valedictory speech on graduation day in disease caused by a virus species of the March 2009. He promised to dedicate his Lyssavirus genus, which includes similar Exposed mucous membranes such as academic achievements to his parents and viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers. eyes, nose or mouth are especially vulner- two younger brothers. able. They serve as entry points for rabies A World Health Organization fact virus infection through saliva. In this Lost dream sheet dated December 2008 explains that regard, utmost caution must be practiced Everything seemed working according to rabies is a zoonotic disease–a disease in handling rabies patient. young Edi’s wishes. On the eve of Decem- transmitted from animals to humans. It ber 8, 2008, Edi developed low fever. His infects domestic and wild animals, and is Initial physical manifestations of ra- father believed Edi went down with the flu. spread to people through close contact bies infection are flu, fever, and headache with infected saliva (via bites or scratch- with complications to respiratory system. But for 10 days, Edi couldn’t shake es). Advanced symptoms include seizure or the fever off. On the eleventh day, his convulsion, hydrophobia (fear of water), speech slurred and had trouble keeping his Dr. Aleli Arambulo-Collado, a hyperactivity (furious rabies), and paralysis balance with shifting moods. veterinarian from the secretariat of the (dumb rabies). National Research Council of the Philip- At dawn of the next day, Edi’s family pines explained that rabies infection sets Both furious and dumb rabies symp- was roused by a loud noise coming from in after a rabid animal bites somebody. toms eventually develop to total paralysis, Edi’s room. In horror, the father saw Edi “Transmission” happens when virus-laden coma, and death in all cases due to breath- clutching his fists, eyes wide open, shaking saliva gets into tissues (muscles tissues). ing failure. violently on his bed, and grimacing in what But introduction of the virus from saliva When symptoms of rabies disease seemed to be very excruciating pain. or tissue fluids into fresh wounds or intact develop, death is inevitable. mucous membrane may also occur. Shortly after, Edi slipped into coma Nightmare while being rushed to the hospital. Rabies virus replicates within the Dr. Teodulo M. Topacio, Jr., a National muscle tissues near the inoculation site, Five days before Christmas, the at- Scientist for Veterinary Medicine, said in a and travels through the nerves that carry tending physician told Edi’s parents that July 2009 interview that it is a nightmare impulses towards the central nervous the boy’s brain doesn’t respond anymore. to see people suffering from rabies infection system to the spinal cord and goes up the Young Edi went away. because of the terrible seizures they endure. brain. Once in the brain, the virus then Brain invasive travels back through a different nerve path The prevalence of rabies infection The attending physician initially thought

20 S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 features The Brain Slayer

runs wild worldwide. More than 95% of hu- “Rabies Cases Increases in the man casualties are in Asia and Africa. Philippines” published in the 1999 issue of the British Medical Journal. Recent data In 2006, correspondent Kathleen E. show that an average of 300 – 500 deaths McLaughlin of Global Post reported that per year or one per day occur in the Philip- the growing number of researches point to pines, from a total of 12,365 human rabies unsanitary “ranching” and direct human cases (Department of Health: 2008). consumption as two of the main factors in the rise of rabies related fatalities in Asia. Revenge of the Aspins In the Philippines, one in every 10 families In the same year, Philippine media re- has a dog. Quezon City’s 2 million popula- ported some cases of rabies fatalities from tion alone account for 200,000 stray dogs eating dog meat. or playfully labeled aspin (asong Pinoy) or antiseptic such as povidone-iodine, iodine Askal (asong kalye). Filipinos are very fond One of the conclusions of a Vietnam- tincture, and aqueous iodine solution of al- of puppies. But grown up dogs are left to ese research related to such cases was that cohol or ethanol should be applied. fend for themselves, roaming the streets, dogs are the main rabies reservoir afflicting Dr. Topacio noted. On the other hand, if rabies infection humans. In this light, dog raising, butcher- comes from saliva through open mucous ing, processing, and consumption should Stray dogs are blamed for 98% of membranes–eyes, nose, or mouth--these be regulated and controlled to ease the human rabies cases dometically. Large scale should also be flushed with water thor- rising number of fatalities (17 March 2006, vaccination or at least 80% of the stray oughly. Administration of anti- tetanus PLOS Medicine Magazine, VietNam). dogs is the only way to drastically bring vaccine booster should also be considered, down human rabies infection. Unfortu- Meanwhile, according to Dr. Luningn- PSMID added. nately, inadequate funds hinder massive ing Elio-Villa, pet dogs and cats actually anti-rabies vaccination campaign (Bureau If the victim didn’t have previous PEP cause 88% and 2% rabies infections in the of Animal Induatry: 2008). treatment, human rabies immunoglobulin Philippines, respectively. This is contrary or HRIG should be administered. HRIG to popular belief that rabies comes only In Asia, two factors are correlated provides the victim with passive immunity from stray dogs and cats, she added. with the high incidence of rabies related and immediate protection from rabies virus fatalities. First, about 30% to 60% of the Dr. Elio-Villa is a renowned Filipino infection. This is given once only at the victims of dog bites are children less than researcher on infectious diseases who, beginning of treatment. 15 years old. Children are less likely to along with foreign counterparts, done report bites and scratches. With these critical procedures, PEP research on genetic analysis of rabies virus vaccine series should be administered at 4 in the Philippines. Second, deaths are increasing in poor doses over a 14-day period (WHO). rural area since the cost of post-exposure Death every 10 minutes prophylaxis (PEP) is very expensive (WHO: If immediately administered after The rabies virus kills 55,000 people every 2008). exposure, without delay, or with very year--31,000 in Asia and 24,000 in Africa little delay, PEP is 100% effective against (WHO: 2008). For every 150 deaths a day, Treatment the rabies virus. Otherwise, it should be 100 are children (World Alliance for Rabies The Philippine Society for Microbiology and administered regardless of the time that Control: 2008). Infectious Diseases (PSMID) insists on thor- lapsed as it may still save a life. ough washing of wound/s with soapy water The Philippines ranked fourth world- for approximately five minutes immediately In a sense, a rapid anti-rabies infection wide in rabies incidence, and the number of after dog bite or scratch. This is very effec- action and medical management is the best victims are increasing despite government tive in reducing the number of rabies viral first step to bite back at the ferocious rabies efforts to rid the country of the problem by particles. To irrigate the wounds, virucidal virus. 2020, wrote Claire Wallerstein in an article

S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 21 personality

Portrait of the Filipino as a DOST scholar

By Mark Ivan C. Roblas S&T Media Service, SEI The program has over the years he Department of Science and Technology produced more than 10,000 S&T profession- als that shored up demands in the academe Tthrough the Science Education Institute is and industry. at the forefront of expanding the Philippines’ To get a feel of the scholarship program’s impact, the S&T Post interviewed science and technology human resource for the Ryan Balili who was part of a research team past 16 years. It provides a scholarship pro- that found a new source of coherent light, like lasers, which could be the future of gram that gives poor but deserving students a optical communication. chance to earn a college degree and, possibly, Balili completed his Bachelor of Sci- ence in Physics summa cum laude in 2002 live their dreams. at the Mindanao State University Iligan In- stitute of Technology. He went on to finish his graduate and post-graduate education in Physics at the University of Pittsburgh.

Balili along with his adviser David Snoke of University of Pittsburgh demon-

22 S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 personality strated that the transition of particles into you faced during the time that you were clear conscience. I made a promise to come waves could be done at higher temperature, studying? back. I’ve seen the needs of our country, which requires lower power to generate. our people. I was privileged all my life and Balili: I ran after beautiful girls. They I just couldn’t turn my back and close my Here is his story. ran away from me. Just kidding. I can’t re- eyes without even trying to help. If I do, S&T Post: How did you learn of the member particularly challenging moments I’ll be a contradiction to my own faith and DOST scholarship? with regards to my studies. I had a lot of convictions. fun during college. I was governor of my Balili: We were told in high school college’s student government during my 4th S&T Post: What is your message for about it. I can’t remember though [if it] year. It was particularly stressful managing those aspiring to become a DOST scholar? was either our class adviser or our guidance students. Also, my ideals weren’t shared by counselor. many. So it was a tricky year. But I learned Balili: First of all, for those who are al- a lot. ready DOST scholars, please don’t waste the S&T Post: How did you prepare for government’s money. I’ve met a few of the your DOST examination? S&T Post: After college, you went on to heads of the DOST and they are truly making study abroad? How different was it studying the most of what little money they have. It’s Balili: It wasn’t really a practice in here and there? What were the challenges a good program designed for your benefit. our school to prepare for entrance or schol- you faced when you were there? Don’t waste it. arship exams. I don’t remember preparing for it. I guess our teachers, in Dole Philip- Balili: Yes I did. I went to the Univer- I’ve talked to many high school pines School where I graduated, thought sity of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania to get my students and many are afraid that a DOST that our elementary and high school masteral and doctorate in Phy-sics. I’m not scholarship will hinder them from making education was enough preparation. I guess sure I could compare it with undergrad life. it well abroad. To those aspiring to become it was, for me at least. Graduate school was really serious, hectic, a DOST scholar, if you plan to leave the and demanding. I still get nightmares about country indefinitely don’t be one. Give your S&T Post: How did you learn of the it sometimes. I’m thankful for it though, scholarship to someone else who might test results? What was your reaction? and for the opportunity. I guess there’s need it more. When the scholarship was cre- Balili: The results were published in just no way around hard work if one wants ated, it didn’t have just you in mind. It was the newspaper. I was very happy to get the to improve himself. The greatest chal- also designed so that someday scholars will scholarship. I was looking forward to hav- lenge I think was adjusting to an entirely bless the country. So don’t be surprised if it ing my own money. It was only later that different environment. I had to adjust to a will be difficult to leave the country when I found out I would only get half the full lot of things like culture shock, academic you’re a DOST scholar. Despite my warning, stipend because of the program I was in. pressure, loneliness, and an extremely de- please aspire to be a scholar if you need It was called Program B before. Still, I was manding workload. I wasn’t the worst of my it. The money is a big help even if getting happy and a bit proud actually. peers. But then I really thought many of my it may be delayed. Also, if you go out of classmates had a much much better educa- the country for further studies, you could S&T Post: During college, please tion. Being the only Filipino in the history always obtain a legal bond like my wife did. describe how it was being a DOST scholar. of the physics department at UPitt, I had to How did you live up to the grade require- stand on my own without help from people For those truly aspiring to become a ments? from home. DOST scholar, I hope you would also aspire to have a heart for other people, your coun- Balili: DOST was a big part of my S&T Post: After studying and earning trymen, your country. I hope the scholarship college years. We had MIDSA (MSU-IIT DOST a PhD abroad, why did you choose to return won’t just be a stepping stone to better your Scholars Association). The group was very to the Philippines? existence. I hope you will use it to be in a active managing the welfare of the scholars. better position to help others. You may find On my third year in college, I was elected Balili: Actually, I chose to return a better place to live someday. But the truth president. home before leaving the Philippines. I know is, this is truly the only country we’ve got. this may sound sentimental, but I love my I don’t recall the grade requirements country with all its pimples and warts. I felt Balili is only one of the thousands of to have bothered me at any point of my at home here, and that didn’t change de- S&T scholars that the country has produced. college life. There was another thing I spite the blessings I enjoyed in US. Oh sure, He is one of the best and most deserving was more afraid of. One of my high school the US was beautiful, more beautiful than I Filipinos that DOST has helped reach their teachers love to tell us stories about terror have imagined. I had many friends whom I dream. college teachers who fail their students for was sorry to part with. I enjoyed my stay in no reason [at all]. So after high school, I US and it felt like home. But it really never DOST and SEI shall continue to search resolved to try to ace all of my exams and was. There was just a certain tension that for more Ryan Balilis that will provide hope keep the records so that the professors would not go. A tension that I don’t feel and high level brain power towards a con- wouldn’t have any reason to fail me. when I’m here in the Philippines. tinuing quest for equitable and sustainable development. S&T Post: What were the challenges Also, I could not stay in the US with a

S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 23 setup

By Paulina P. Nebrida S&T Media Service, DOST 1 A couple’s sweet muscovado success

The renewed interest in healthier food op- were bare and not compliant with the re- terprises also acquired transfer pump, big- tions both here and abroad caught the at- quirements of good manufacturing practices ger settling tanks, working tables, stainless tention of Jaime T. Yadao, retired military (GMP). steel containers for sugar and juice, and colonel, and his wife, Natividad D. Yadao . other resources to make production easier The couple saw this back-to-healthy trend “I learned that the Department of Sci- and to comply with GMP. Further, DOST 1 as a sure opportunity for their thriving busi- ence and Technology Region 1 was helping assisted the firm by recommending appro- ness, the Yadao Enterprises, which special- small and medium enterprises to be more priate label design. ized in vinegar and muscovado production. productive, so I approached Engr. Felipe Andrada, the Provincial S&T Director of Pan- In 2007, the couple launched Sugar- Based in Luyan, Mapandan, Pangasi- gasinan, for assistance in producing table cane Gold table muscovado sugar. Produc- nan, Yadao Enterprises has been producing muscovado sugar, ”quipped retired Col. tion in the initial year totaled about seven sugar cane vinegar and wet muscovado, lo- Yadao. tons of muscovado sugar which rose to an cally known as pulitipot, since the late 90s. average of 35 tons/year for the last three It sold its products to walk-in clients and Yadao could not have done a better years, with gross sales climbing to 116% in the wet markets in Mapandan, Laoac, Lin- move. Yadao Enterprises received DOST’s as- higher than wet muscovado production. gayen and Manaoag, Pangasinan, particu- sistance in 2006 through the Small Enter- larly to bocayo and kakanin makers. prise Technology Upgrading Program(SETUP). Table muscovado sugar accounts for The company used the P530,700 financial 80 percent of the total products of Yadao As the demand for table muscovado assistance in acquiring facilities to increase Enteprises. The other Sugarcane Gold prod- grew, the couple, in 2006, decided to shift production capacity and improve the quality ucts, produced side by side with muscovado from wet muscovado to table muscovado of its muscovado. It installed bigger and sugar, are the pulitipot and the sugarcane sugar production. However, their facilities more efficient cooking facilities. Yadao En- vinegar. Col. Yadao disclosed that these are

24 S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 setup

A couple’s sweet muscovado success

by-products of table muscovado sugar production.

One hundred percent of Yadao products are now being mar- keted in all branches of the two big malls in Pangasinan, and in popular supermarkets in Urdaneta City and Baguio City.

Yadao Enterprises graduated from the category of micro scale enterprise with an asset valued at P2,237,000 in 2007 to small enterprise with asset of P3,248,000 in 2009. To meet the growing demand for their products, the Yadaos put in additional capital in- vestment to buy a heavy-duty sugar cane crusher and cooking facilities that will help increase their production capacity. All along, the Yadaos were able to hire six additional regular workers in the plant, increasing the number of their workers to 35.

Col. Yadao said that, at the moment, 40 percent of the sug- arcanes produced in the 40 hectare-land he tills are still sold to sugar millers in Tarlac and Pampanga. He envisions though that, three years from now, 100 percent of the sugarcane he will produce will be processed inside Yadao’s plant. He believes that DOST will continue to be the enabler in making his vision of producing more sweet muscovado happen.

S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 25 balik scientist Understanding the Filipino circadian clock from the University of the Philippines Ma- nila, and the Ludwig Maximilian University (Munich) that aims to determine the Fili- pinos’ circadian clock in an entirely different work environment from those studied elsewhere. Knowing people’s chronotype is important for both medical diagnostics and therapy.

Dr. Mendoza, a Senior Research Sci- entist of the Systems Biology Group of the Physics Department and Center of NanoSci- ence, has helped UPM researchers in draft- ing project proposals for collaboration with LMU, which pioneered studies in human circadian clock and shift work in various countries and settings. Meanwhile, Dr. Darwin Dasig leads the UPM research team. By Framelia V. Anonas S&T Media Service, STII PhilSHIFT will study individual circadian clock differences and complexity through While everyone else is asleep, Janet is up sion, body systems, behavior, and even how an online questionnaire called Munich Chro- at three o’clock in the morning tapping at a person thinks. notype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Mendoza’s the keyboard to do her paper works. Late group invites everyone to participate in this “Along with the booming business pro- in the afternoon, her energy level tumbles study by creating an account at http:www. cess outsourcing industry in the country is and she has to hit the bed at eight in the bioinfo.mpg.de/thewep/. the rise in the number of employees on shift evening. work. Studies have shown that shift work Other than the PhilSHIFT project, Meanwhile, Amy wakes up unhurriedly is associated with health risks,” Mendoza Dr. Mendoza’s stint as Balik Scientist was when most people are already in frenzied adds. “This shows that work schedule and a crammed with lectures and advisorships to work mode. Her energy level then peaks as person’s circadian clock have to match.” students working on metabolic network and afternoon warms up, and can work until the database of natural products. He also com- In the Philippines, call center em- roosters broadcast a new day. pleted the project implementation designs for ployees work on a shift adjusted to offshore Virholex information system and user manual, clients’ time zone. In the case of US-based Larks like Janet and owls like Amy ap- and computational requirements for the Phil- clients, that’s about 8-12 hours behind Phil- parently have different behavioral and work ippine Genome Center health initiatives. patterns. Scientists say such patterns are ippine standard time. This means call center influenced by their biological clocks, also agents work at night and catch up on sleep Other Balik Scientists who linked up known as circadian clocks. at day. with the academe early this year include Engr. Antonio Reyno, a Professional Officer at the This odd work-sleep setup increases “Understanding the circadian clock is School of Civil Engineering in University of call center employees’ vulnerability to can- particularly important in these industrial- Sydney, Australia, who helped Palawan State cer, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal dis- ized and information-driven times,” says Dr. University; Shirley Chavez, a Senior IT Spe- eases caused by disrupted circadian clock. Eduardo Mendoza, a visiting scientist under cialist at IBM Canada, who assisted UP Los the Department of Science and Technology’s Fortunately, Dr. Mendoza is leading Baños; and Dr. Reynaldo Garcia, Project Di- Balik Scientist Program. a research team set to study the Filipinos’ rector of the BioGuide UK Project, who served the National Institute of Molecular Biology Circadian clocks regulate and modu- circadian clock. This interdisciplinary group and Biotechnology in UP Diliman. late body functions including gene expres- called PhilSHIFT is composed of researchers

26 S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 alumni Understanding Solar power lights the Filipino up PSHS-Diliman circadian clock Solar power lit up the main campus of the we are responsible for our future and the Philippine Science High School in Diliman, time to take charge is now,” they added. Quezon City, a joint effort of PSHS Batch They worked pro bono for the installation of 1985 that’s celebrating its 25th year and the solar panels and light-emitting diode (LED) Wilfred and Bonnie Uytengsu Foundation. lights that now illuminate the administration building and peripheral roadway of the “Our batch wanted to donate some- campus. thing that would have far more lasting impact than the usual monetary or mate- PSHS Batch ‘85 and Brightbox found a rial donations,” says batch president Farley generous project partner in Wilfred and Bon- Aguila. This led Aguila’s batch to Brightbox nie Uytengsu Foundation, which shouldered Inc., a media and technology solutions com- the P2.5 million cost of photovoltaic (solar) pany founded by batch mates Jason Hernan- panels, LED lights, batteries, controllers, do and Ramil Sevilla. cables, roofing, and other accessories.

“For us, it was more than just Wilfred Uytengsu, Sr., founder of providing the school with long-term Alaska Milk Corporation and co-founder of cost savings associated with solar- the WBU Foundation, agreed to support the powered lighting. We wanted the project because of his longstanding com- students to experience this inno- mitment to the education of Filipino youth. vative technology firsthand,” He passed away in April this year. Hernando and Sevilla explained. The project was officially donated to PSHS in a turn-over ceremony August 5. “This also Wilfred Steven, current president and CEO of teaches them that Alaska Milk Corporation, represented his father whose legacy of being visionary with a caring heart lives on through the project.

The energy efficient lights are in use for a few months now. “We have realized savings on electricity that we expect to increase steadily with time,” PSHS Director Helen Caintic disclosed.

“It was a great help to us and the students during the recent nationwide power outage due to tropical storm Basyang. Imagine everyone’s surprise when for miles, we were the only lighted structure not using generators.”

All PSHS alumni are invited to view this lighting project on Sept. 4 during the alumni homecoming celebrations titled “Pisayvivor”. For details, please visit http://pshsnaa. roundtablelive.org/or the official homecoming Facebook fan page http://www.facebook. com/pages/2010-PSHS-Homecoming-Pisayviv or/135540709814182?ref=ts.

S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010 27 4kids NRCP’s Science for Kids By Joy M. Lazcano S&T Media Service, STII

he National Research Council of the Philippines Story telling covered science lessons, values, and held a special learning activity called Science concepts on climate change, health and nutrition, T for Kids as part of the recent National Sci- environment, and rabies. ence and Technology Week celebration. “I’m very happy that NRCP spent time and ef- The event featured exhibits on science concepts and fort in gathering and transforming some science storytelling in an effort to raise appreciation of sci- and technology concepts into very colorful exhib- ence and technology among the youth. It’s now on its its. Kids would surely enjoy and learn from them,” third year. DOST Secretary Mario G. Montejo said.

“We realized that an activity like this encourages and NRCP-DOST is an attached agency of DOST that stimulates our youth to learn to love S&T. Magandang supports science researchers, scientists, and paraan ito upang makapagturo ng mga science and technologists in promoting basic research and de- technology concepts and values in a fun way.” NRCP- velopment in the country. DOST Executive Director Hernandez said.

28 S&T POST 3rd Qtr 2010

news in photo

DOST welcomes new Taiwan envoy. Department of Science and Technology Secretary Mario Montejo (right) exchanges S&T views with Taiwan representative Donald Lee (middle) and Taipei Economic and Cultural Of- fice’s Economic Division Director Filas Chen (left) in a courtesy call at the DOST main office in Bicutan, Taguig City recently. The Philippines and Taiwan started a vibrant S&T cooperation in 1997 that expanded over the years through TECO and the Manila Economic and Cultural Office. TECO’s Commercial Secretary William Tsai (not in picture) joined the Taiwan group. [Photo by Gerry Palad, S&T Media Service]

Department of Science and Technology Secretary Mario Montejo listens to University of the Philippines President Emerlinda Roman who presented updates on current S&T initiatives of the premier state university. Roman’s presentation was preceded by those of UP Vice President for Academic Affairs Amelia Guevara on R&D activities designed to produce optimum socio-economic impact, and UP College of Engineering Dean Rowena Guevara on the status of the Engineering Research and Development for Technology, a consortium composed of UP and six other leading universities that offer graduate and post-graduate education on various engineering fields.[Photo by Gerry Palad, S&T Media Service]