III.

The Hydroid Zoophytes of the „Willem Barents” Expedition,

1881

BT

D’Arcy W. Thompson B.A.

Trinity College, Cambridge,

Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 06:42:48PM via free access The Hydroid Zoophytes of the „Willem Barents” Expedition, 1881.

forwarded The collection of Hydroidea obtained by this Expedition, was to me for examination

MAX of Amsterdam. I have found no new in in the summer of 1882, by Dr. WEBER, species

natural result of the number of Scandinavian and Arctic that have been it, — a Hydroids

late MM. M. and G. and made known to us in years, by O. SARS, ALLMAN, HINCKS, METSCHNIKOFF

collection contains several hitherto it extends the others. But the present species rare, greatly

that have been from only one or two localities, and it contains range of many formerly reported

also several well marked and peculiar varieties. It includes altogether 24 species from 12 stations,

annexed table the of from various depths down to 170 fathoms. The gives names the species

with the stations and depths at which they were found.

The most prominent and luxuriant species are Sertularia gigantea, and Lafoëa

former is in the latter in fruticosa; — of which the common everywhere shallow, deep water;

with from farther south. most of the species are large and strong in comparison specimens

the forms of the have referred Of twenty-four species, iifteen are common British ; rest, I

British but well-marked varieties. two more to species, they differ from our common type, and form

northern whose distribution be summarized follows There remain seven species, may as :

ALLMAN off the Pet- Sertularia albimaris; White sea, METSCHNIKOFF; Spitzbergen, (?) ;

schora, Will. Bar. Exp.

Iceland, HINCKS Greenland SARS Alaska CLARKE Vardö, Ser tularella gigantea; ; (?) ; (?) ;

Matotschkin Scharr, Petschora, Will. Bar. Exp.

Lafoëa O. SARS Alaska, CLARKE; Barents Will. grandis; Lofoten, G. ; Iceland, HINCICS; Sea,

Bar. Exp.

Lafoèa capillaris; Christianiafjord, G. O. SARS; Barents Sea, Will. Bar. Exp.

Calycella quadridentata; Christianiafjord, Yadsö, SARS; Barents Sea, Will. Bar. Exp.

Lafoëina tenuis; Christiansund, Lofoten, SARS; Iceland, HINCKS; Petschora, Will.

Bar. Exp.

indicates most if not all of This summary a very wide arctic or cicumpolar distribution for the above forms.

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BS a

CS y OB

OB O

T* »2 ST O

BS s*

Latitude 69° 23' 70°49' 75°49' 71° 8' 70°48' 72°36 f 76°51' 72°14'

PS

Longitude .... 54°50' >-ï 50°47' 53"41' 4i°25' 38° 24°57' 44°21' 22°30' 49°37' 15°46'

Depth in fathoms — 14 16.5 12.37 62 68 80 115 140 145 165 170 175

1

Thuiaria articulata, var +

T. (Sertularia) argentea +

Hydrall mania falcata +

Sertularia albimaris +

S. filicula +

Sertularella gigantea + + +

S. rugosa, var +

S. tricuspidata +

Halecium Beanii +

H. muricatum. +

Lafoëa fruticosa + + + + + + + + +

L. grandis +

L. capillaris +

Calycella quadridentata +

0. syringa +

C. plicatilis ■+ +

Lafoëina tenuis ! + +

Campanularia flexuosa +

C. verticiliata + +

C. volubilis + +

Obelia dichotoma +

0. geniculata +

Tubularia larynx +

Syncoryne Sarsii +

\

THUIARIA ARTICULATA, PALLAS: var.

Plate I. fig. 14. 15.

which I ascribe A single small specimen, to this species, occurs io the collection. It is about

destitute It from three inches high, and of gonangia, differs the common from of T. articulata in the complete immersion of the hydrothecaê, whose orifices do not project at all, but lie flush

and with the sides of the stem branches; they do not differ in shape or size from those of the

of the thinner and than in common form species. The branches are more delicate the common form but the does not differ so much in from the for ; specimen appearance type-form, as,

the Shetland mentioned Mr. HINCKS instance, variety by (Brit. Hydr. Zooph., p. 278, pi. 60).

x inclined at first to think the a of T. lax Allman but the I specimen young example a, ), hydrothecaê differ in shape from those of the latter species in ALLMAN'S figure, being straighter,

not at the base. and square, rounded,

99' 25° miles Loc. lat. 72° N, 58' E, rather more than a hundred north of the North Cape;

depth, 140 fathoms.

l Tr. Zool. 1874. ) Hydr. of Porcupine Exp., Soc. Lond., VIII, p. 472,

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THUIARIA (SERTULARIA) ARGENTE A, ELLIS.

I follow Allman ■>) in relegating this species to Thuiaria. One or two specimens, with gonangia,

in 10 fathoms in Matthew's occur in the collection. They were got water, Straits (Matotschkin

Schaar), JNovaya Zemlya.

a This species was found by SABS ), near the North Cape, while its close ally T. (S e r t..)

cupressina does not occur in SARS' list as a Norwegian hydroid at all. The latter species,,

3 however, has been recorded by HINCKS ) from Barents Sea.

HYDRALLMANIA FALCATA, L.

Fine specimens of this species were got in 16.5 fathoms, near the mouth of the Petschora.

SERTULARIA ALBIMARIS, METSCHNIKOFF. (Ann. and Mag. of

Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. I, p. 331, 1878).

Plate I. fig. 1, 2, 3.

S. i All an a r c t c a, m (?)

Several specimens occur from the prolific locality near the mouth of the Petschora (16 fathoms).

METSCHNIKOFF' the curious which MET- They undoubtedly belong to s species, though hydrorhiza, ou

SCHNIKOFF much is in none of them. But this rests importance, preserved they present very

that the branches curious and anomalous character, not mentioned by METSCHNIKOFF, are frequently

prolonged into long tendril-like shoots, bare of hydrothecaê. These tendrils have usually one joint

at but no and much resemble the tendrils ofThuiaria the base, more, they very persocialis,

4 How a species described by ALLMAN ), from Natal. they end, and whether they serve for attach-

ment, I do not know.

5 The hydrothecaê very much resemble those of S. arctica, ALLMAN ), from Spitzbergen; and

the two species are probably identical, in which case ALLMAN'S name has the priority. But the

in ALLMAN'S are than those in of The hydrothecaê figure considerably longer any my specinens.

which have decided the are both in and MET- gonangia, might point, wanting my specimens in

SCHNIKOFF'S type.

SARS' which I examined from the is distinct S. ten er a, of have specimens Vega collection,

from this species.

SERTULARIA FILICULA, ELLIS AND SOLANDER.

A single well-marked specimen (without gonangia) was got in shallow water in Busse Sound.

SERTULARELLA GIGANTEA, METSCHNIKOFF (loc. cit.)

Plate I. fig. 4, 5, 6, 8.

robust Sars. for Naturvidensk. 1857. S. polyzonias, var. a, (Nyt. Mag. p. 163).

i a n t e Hincks. and Ser. 4, vol. S. polyzonias, var. g g a, (Ann. Mag., XIII, p. 151, 1874).

S. quadricornis. Hincks (Ibid., Ser. 5, vol. VI, p. 277. 1880).

the northern allied S. There is some confusion in regard to large Sertularellaê, to polyzonias

contains number of whose show considerable limits The present collection a specimens, calycles very of variation. After an examination of thse. I am inclined to think that the above three forms

a n t e of METSCHNIKQFF. are all referable to one species, the S. g i g a

Linn. 1875. 1) Proc. Soc., XII, p. 267,

2 Vidensk. Selsk. ) Forhandl., 1873.

3 and of Nat. ser. vol. 269. 1880 ) Ann. Mag. Hist., 5, VI, p.

*) Próc. Linn. Soc. Lond., rol. XIII, 1875.

B) Ibidem.

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from the of 1 i — HINCKS figured specimens Iceland, under name S. p o y z o n a s, var. gigante a, and METSCHNIKOFF figured others from Siberia, which he identified with HINCKS zoophyte, under the of S. i a n t e METSCHNIKOFF'S were marked the existence of a number name g g a. specimens by

which do HINCKS' but of ledges below the mouths of the hydrothecaê, not occur in figures;

in adult METSCHNIKOFF is careful to state that they are present only individuals.

HINCKS describes arctic Sertularella Barents In a later paper (October, 1880), another large (from

under the of S and states his belief that his S. 1 o i a Sea) name quadricornis; p o y z n s,

i a n t e and METSCHNIKOFF'S S. i t the latter and var. g g a, g g a n e a are really distinct, though

be Now I have in that former two S. quadricornis may identical. no hesitation saying the

The belong to one and the saine form, while the last probably does so, though not quite certainly.

below the orifices METSCHNIKOFF in old ledges hydrothecal are, as stated, only present individuals; in 4 and 8 taken from the There is also much variation in the my plate, figs. are both same colony. extent to which the are sometimes almost free and sessile, hydrothecaê immersed : they are completely

which is almost the exact HINCKS' cit., VII, in as in fig. 6, counterpart of figure (loc. pl. 1874); other in the the attached for half their cases, same colony or even on same shoot, they are length, as in fig. 4. Eut I have seen no specimens that can be called intermediate between this arctic form and the typical S. polyzonias. I reproduce HINCKS' figure of S. quadricornis for

it differs from those under consideration in the marked constriction in the middle comparison ; only of the I have searched all in vain for to with those hydrothecaê. my specimens gonangia, compare figured by HINCKS in S. quadricornis.

S. i tea in the collection from all three stations in which obtained g g a il occurs hydroids were in shallow water: viz., at Bussö Sound, Vardö, in Matotschkin Scharr (10 fathoms), and near the

mouth of the Petsehora (16.5 fathoms).

SERTULARELLA RUGOSA, L. var.

Plate I. fig. 10, 11, 12, 13.

This is remarkable for the tendril-like shoots into stems zoophyte very long, bare, which its are

much the tendrils described above in the case b i- prolonged, resembling very ofSertularia a 1 maris. The calycles are distinctly larger than those of British of S. the neck specimens rugosa, is the teeth more and Nevertheless, be as distinct, longer. they can only classed a single species.

Defective nutrition or low temperature may perhaps account for this production of bare shoots in

two different northern varieties.

Locality. Matotschkin Scharr, 10 fathoms.

SERTULARELLA TRICUSPIDATA, ALDER.

robust of this Strong and specimens species were got abundantly in 16.5 fathoms, at the station

near the mouth of the Petschora. have The specimens no gonangia, The species does not occur

in SARS' Norwegian list, but is reported from Iceland by HINCKS.

HALECIUM BEANII, JOHNSTON.

A without specimen, gonangia, occurs from a depth of 145 fathoms in lat. 76° 51', long, 44» 21'.

HALECIUM MURICATUM, ELLIS AND SOLANDER.

A was in lat. of good specimen, bearing gonangia, got 70° 49' N., long. 50° 47' E„ at a depth

62 fathoms.

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LAFOËA HINCKS. vol. GRANDIS, (Ann. and Mag., ser. 4, XIII, p. 148, 1874).

Lafoëa fruticosa, G. O. Sars. (Vid. Selsk. Forh., 1873); not M. Sars, ibid., 1862.

L. fruticosa, S. F. Clarke (Exploration of Alaska. 1876).

Plate I. fig. 16,

The task of identifying the varions species of Lafoëa, especially the erect, shrubby forms, of which this is is rendered somewhat the of one, difficult by want exact measurements of the calycles, or of comparative series of figures, drawn to scale.

Mr HINCKS to have the this (loc. cit.) seems liowever cleared up synonymy of species satisfactorily,

it be with G. O. SARS' M. f i showing to identical but distinct from SARS' L. r u t c o s a.

This is well-marked the much than those of its species a one, calycles being very larger allies, and possessing a characteristic campanulate shape, by which the species is easily to be recognized in G. O. SARS' figures.

The calycles are about 8—9 mm. long.

This species occurred sparingly in lat. 76° 51' N., long. 44° 2L E. (145 fathoms).

LAFOËA FRUTICOSA, M. SARS. (Vid. Selsk. Forh., 1864).

Alder. Field 129, Campanularia gracillima, (Trans. Tyneside Club, III, p. 1857).

L a f o ë a gracillima, G. O. Sars. (Vid. Selsk. Forh., 1873).

L. gracillima, S. F. Clarke. (Exploration of Alaska, 1876).

Plate 1. fig. 17, 18.

This occurred in 22° species very abundantly several localities: lat. 72» 14'N., long. 30 E., (165 fathoms); lat. 75° 49' N., long 03° 41' E., (68 fathoms); lat. 76° 51' N., long. 44° 21' E.,

(145 fathoms).

dimensions of the within The calycles vary small limits; their leagth is about 5—6 mm.

A small specimen (fig. 18) from lat. 72° 36' N., long. 24° 57' E., (140 fathoms) is rather

strikingly different from the rest, the hydrothecaê being considerably smaller (4 mm.) and without

amy trace of widening at the mouth. It is intermediate in appearance between L. fruticosa

and L. and a I capillaris, may belong to distinct species. Eut for the present prefer merely

to record and figure it.

LAFOËA C APILLARIS, G. O. SARS. (Vid. Selsk. Forh., 1873.)

Plate I. fig. 19.

The slenderness and length of the hydrothecaê render this species unmistakable.

It occurred in lat. 75° 49' N., long. 53° 41' E. (68 fathoms). SARS found it in the Christiania-

fathoms. it is therefore distributed. fjord, at a depth of 50—60 Though scarce, very widely The

calycles are about 8 mm. long.

CALYCELLA HINCKS and Nat. vol. QUADR IDENTATA, (Ann. Mag. of Hist., ser. 4, XIII,p. 149, 1874).

Plate I. fig. 20.

This very pretty species, described from Reykiavik (100 fathoms) by HINCKS, was got in 16.5

the fathoms near mouth of the Petschora.

others. The calycles vary somewhat in shape, some being considerably longer and thinner than

about 4 to 5 mm. They are long, and considerably wider than those of C. syriuga.

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CALYCÉLLA SYRI NGA, L.

Plate I. fig. 21.

This species occurs from several stations, including that in lat. 72° 14'N., long. 22° 30'E., where

it is parasitic on Lafoëina tenuis at a depth of 165 fathoms. HINCKS has recorded it from

a depth of 100 fathoms, off Iceland.

CALYCELLA (LAFOËA) PLICATILIS, M. SARS (Vidensk. Forhandl., 1862).

This remarkable was fathoms species got abundantly at a depth of 145 in lat. 76° 51' N., long..

44« 20' B. to G. O. from 200 fathoms. According SARS, it ranges 20 to

LAFOËINA TENUIS, M. SARS (G. O. Sars, Vidensk. Forhandl., 1873).

This species was found by SARS at various depths ranging from 50 to 300 fathoms. In the

present collection it occurs from 16 fathoms, near the Petschora, to 165 fathoms, north of the

North Cape.

CAMPANULARIA FLEXUOSA, HINCKS.

This exclusively littoral species was got at Vardö.

CAMPANULARIA VERTICILLATA, L.

Some specimens occur from the unusual depth °of 165 fathoms, in lat. 72° 14', north of the North Cape.

CAMPANULARIA VOLUBILIS, L.

Common near the Petschora, in 16.5 fathoms, and in Matotschkin Scharr, 34 fathoms.

OBELIA GENICULATA, L.

Very abundant specimens, on La miliaria, from Vardö.

OBELIA DICHOTOMA, L.

Several small pieces occur among the numerous hydroids from the station near the mouth of

the Petschora (16.5 fathoms). The species does not occur in SAKS' Norwegian list.

TUBULARIA LARYNX, ELLIS AND SOLANDER.

The tubes of small of the from a species Tubularia occur among material near the mouth of the

Petschora, iu 16.5 fathoms. have all the habit of this to which I have doubt They species, 110

but are and like T. they belong, they very slightly irregularly ringed, in a manner more coronat a.

SYNCORYNE SARSII, LOVÉN.

Very abundant specimens from shallow water in Busse Sound, Vardö.

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PAPERS

ON

Scandinavian and Arctic Hydroids. ¹)

ALLMAN, G. J. Hydroida collected during the Expedition of H. M. S. Porcupine. Trans. Zool. Soc.

vol. VIII. 469—482. 1874. pp.

New and of Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. XII, 1874. , genera species Hydroida.

Alaska. Smithsonian CLARKE, S. P. JR. Report on the Hydroids of Institute, Washington, 1876,

also Proc. Acad. Philadelphia, 1877.

HINCKS, T. Norwegian Hydroida from Deep water. Ann. and Mag. of Nat, Hist. 4, XIII,

125—137. 1874. pp.

from Iceland, ibid. 146—154. Deep water Hydroida pp.

New from Parents Sea, ibid. 5, VI, 1880. i „','- v Hydroida

of Barents Sea, in D'Urban's Zool. of Barents Sea, ibid. , Hydroids

ed. LÜTKEN, CHR. List of the Acalephaê and Hydrozoa of Greenland. Arctic-Manual, by Prof.

Rupert Jones, London. 1875.

from the White Sea MERESCHKOWSKY, C. On a new Genus of Hydroids (Monobrachium).

Ann. of Nat. Hist.. 1877. and Mag. 4, XX, pp. 220—229,

New Hydroida from Kamtschatka, etc. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 5 II. 433—451. 1878. , pp.

5. Studies on the Hydroida, ibid. I. 1878. ,

SABS, G. O. Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Hydroider. Vid.-Selsk. Forh. 1873

STORM, V. K. N'orske Vid. Selsk. Skrift., 1881.

Danmark dets Bilande fundne 1876. WINTHEB, G. De i og Nordlige Hydroide. Zoophyter. Copenhagen,

x ) Not including those named in Hincks' list., Brit. Hydr. Zooph. Appendix.

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FIGURES

1. Sertularia a 1 b i m a r i s.

2. do. more magnified.

3. do. natural size.

4. 5, 6. Sertularella gigantea, showing variations in the shape and attachment of

the calycles.

8. do. old specimen, showing ridges round the mouth, as described by Metsehmkoff.

7. S. Polyzonias, L, . ! for comparison. 9. S. quadricornis, Hinckst

Sertularella 10. rugosa, var.

13. do. natural size.

11. do. calycles more magnified.

S. An the same as 12. rugosa. English specimen, magnified to scale 11.

14, 15. Thuiaria articula ta, var.

16. L a f o ë a grandis.

17. L. f r u t ic o s a.

18. L. vide 7. fruticosa, var. (?), p.

19. L. i i c a p 11 a r s.

20. Calycella quadridentata.

C. 21. syri'ug.a, drawn to the same scaie as 20.

Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 06:42:48PM via free access D’ARCY W. THOMPSON, Hydroidea. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde.

P.W. M Autor del. . Trap impr.

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