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The Hydroid Zoophytes of the „Willem Barents” Expedition, 1881

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The Hydroid Zoophytes of the „Willem Barents” Expedition, 1881 III. The Hydroid Zoophytes of the „Willem Barents” Expedition, 1881 BT D’Arcy W. Thompson B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 06:42:48PM via free access The Hydroid Zoophytes of the „Willem Barents” Expedition, 1881. forwarded The collection of Hydroidea obtained by this Expedition, was to me for examination MAX of Amsterdam. I have found no new in in the summer of 1882, by Dr. WEBER, species natural result of the number of Scandinavian and Arctic that have been it, — a Hydroids late MM. M. and G. and made known to us in years, by O. SARS, ALLMAN, HINCKS, METSCHNIKOFF collection contains several hitherto it extends the others. But the present species rare, greatly that have been from only one or two localities, and it contains range of many formerly reported also several well marked and peculiar varieties. It includes altogether 24 species from 12 stations, annexed table the of from various depths down to 170 fathoms. The gives names the species with the stations and depths at which they were found. The most prominent and luxuriant species are Sertularia gigantea, and Lafoëa former is in the latter in fruticosa; — of which the common everywhere shallow, deep water; with from farther south. most of the species are large and strong in comparison specimens the forms of the have referred Of twenty-four species, iifteen are common British ; rest, I British but well-marked varieties. two more to species, they differ from our common type, and form northern whose distribution be summarized follows There remain seven species, may as : ALLMAN off the Pet- Sertularia albimaris; White sea, METSCHNIKOFF; Spitzbergen, (?) ; schora, Will. Bar. Exp. Iceland, HINCKS Greenland SARS Alaska CLARKE Vardö, Ser tularella gigantea; ; (?) ; (?) ; Matotschkin Scharr, Petschora, Will. Bar. Exp. Lafoëa O. SARS Alaska, CLARKE; Barents Will. grandis; Lofoten, G. ; Iceland, HINCICS; Sea, Bar. Exp. Lafoèa capillaris; Christianiafjord, G. O. SARS; Barents Sea, Will. Bar. Exp. Calycella quadridentata; Christianiafjord, Yadsö, SARS; Barents Sea, Will. Bar. Exp. Lafoëina tenuis; Christiansund, Lofoten, SARS; Iceland, HINCKS; Petschora, Will. Bar. Exp. indicates most if not all of This summary a very wide arctic or cicumpolar distribution for the above forms. Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 06:42:48PM via free access 4 BS a CS y OB OB O T* »2 ST O BS s* Latitude 69° 23' 70°49' 75°49' 71° 8' 70°48' 72°36 f 76°51' 72°14' <r» 77° 7' 75°13' PS Longitude .... 54°50' >-ï 50°47' 53"41' 4i°25' 38° 24°57' 44°21' 22°30' 49°37' 15°46' Depth in fathoms — 14 16.5 12.37 62 68 80 115 140 145 165 170 175 1 Thuiaria articulata, var + T. (Sertularia) argentea + Hydrall mania falcata + Sertularia albimaris + S. filicula + Sertularella gigantea + + + S. rugosa, var + S. tricuspidata + Halecium Beanii + H. muricatum. + Lafoëa fruticosa + + + + + + + + + L. grandis + L. capillaris + Calycella quadridentata + 0. syringa + C. plicatilis ■+ + Lafoëina tenuis ! + + Campanularia flexuosa + C. verticiliata + + C. volubilis + + Obelia dichotoma + 0. geniculata + Tubularia larynx + Syncoryne Sarsii + \ THUIARIA ARTICULATA, PALLAS: var. Plate I. fig. 14. 15. which I ascribe A single small specimen, to this species, occurs io the collection. It is about destitute It from three inches high, and of gonangia, differs the common from of T. articulata in the complete immersion of the hydrothecaê, whose orifices do not project at all, but lie flush and with the sides of the stem branches; they do not differ in shape or size from those of the of the thinner and than in common form species. The branches are more delicate the common form but the does not differ so much in from the for ; specimen appearance type-form, as, the Shetland mentioned Mr. HINCKS instance, variety by (Brit. Hydr. Zooph., p. 278, pi. 60). x inclined at first to think the a of T. lax Allman but the I specimen young example a, ), hydrothecaê differ in shape from those of the latter species in ALLMAN'S figure, being straighter, not at the base. and square, rounded, 99' 25° miles Loc. lat. 72° N, 58' E, rather more than a hundred north of the North Cape; depth, 140 fathoms. l Tr. Zool. 1874. ) Hydr. of Porcupine Exp., Soc. Lond., VIII, p. 472, Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 06:42:48PM via free access 5 THUIARIA (SERTULARIA) ARGENTE A, ELLIS. I follow Allman ■>) in relegating this species to Thuiaria. One or two specimens, with gonangia, in 10 fathoms in Matthew's occur in the collection. They were got water, Straits (Matotschkin Schaar), JNovaya Zemlya. a This species was found by SABS ), near the North Cape, while its close ally T. (S e r t..) cupressina does not occur in SARS' list as a Norwegian hydroid at all. The latter species,, 3 however, has been recorded by HINCKS ) from Barents Sea. HYDRALLMANIA FALCATA, L. Fine specimens of this species were got in 16.5 fathoms, near the mouth of the Petschora. SERTULARIA ALBIMARIS, METSCHNIKOFF. (Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. I, p. 331, 1878). Plate I. fig. 1, 2, 3. S. i All an a r c t c a, m (?) Several specimens occur from the prolific locality near the mouth of the Petschora (16 fathoms). METSCHNIKOFF' the curious which MET- They undoubtedly belong to s species, though hydrorhiza, ou SCHNIKOFF much is in none of them. But this rests importance, preserved they present very that the branches curious and anomalous character, not mentioned by METSCHNIKOFF, are frequently prolonged into long tendril-like shoots, bare of hydrothecaê. These tendrils have usually one joint at but no and much resemble the tendrils ofThuiaria the base, more, they very persocialis, 4 How a species described by ALLMAN ), from Natal. they end, and whether they serve for attach- ment, I do not know. 5 The hydrothecaê very much resemble those of S. arctica, ALLMAN ), from Spitzbergen; and the two species are probably identical, in which case ALLMAN'S name has the priority. But the in ALLMAN'S are than those in of The hydrothecaê figure considerably longer any my specinens. which have decided the are both in and MET- gonangia, might point, wanting my specimens in SCHNIKOFF'S type. SARS' which I examined from the is distinct S. ten er a, of have specimens Vega collection, from this species. SERTULARIA FILICULA, ELLIS AND SOLANDER. A single well-marked specimen (without gonangia) was got in shallow water in Busse Sound. SERTULARELLA GIGANTEA, METSCHNIKOFF (loc. cit.) Plate I. fig. 4, 5, 6, 8. robust Sars. for Naturvidensk. 1857. S. polyzonias, var. a, (Nyt. Mag. p. 163). i a n t e Hincks. and Ser. 4, vol. S. polyzonias, var. g g a, (Ann. Mag., XIII, p. 151, 1874). S. quadricornis. Hincks (Ibid., Ser. 5, vol. VI, p. 277. 1880). the northern allied S. There is some confusion in regard to large Sertularellaê, to polyzonias contains number of whose show considerable limits The present collection a specimens, calycles very of variation. After an examination of thse. I am inclined to think that the above three forms a n t e of METSCHNIKQFF. are all referable to one species, the S. g i g a Linn. 1875. 1) Proc. Soc., XII, p. 267, 2 Vidensk. Selsk. ) Forhandl., 1873. 3 and of Nat. ser. vol. 269. 1880 ) Ann. Mag. Hist., 5, VI, p. *) Próc. Linn. Soc. Lond., rol. XIII, 1875. B) Ibidem. Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 06:42:48PM via free access 6 from the of 1 i — HINCKS figured specimens Iceland, under name S. p o y z o n a s, var. gigante a, and METSCHNIKOFF figured others from Siberia, which he identified with HINCKS zoophyte, under the of S. i a n t e METSCHNIKOFF'S were marked the existence of a number name g g a. specimens by which do HINCKS' but of ledges below the mouths of the hydrothecaê, not occur in figures; in adult METSCHNIKOFF is careful to state that they are present only individuals. HINCKS describes arctic Sertularella Barents In a later paper (October, 1880), another large (from under the of S and states his belief that his S. 1 o i a Sea) name quadricornis; p o y z n s, i a n t e and METSCHNIKOFF'S S. i t the latter and var. g g a, g g a n e a are really distinct, though be Now I have in that former two S. quadricornis may identical. no hesitation saying the The belong to one and the saine form, while the last probably does so, though not quite certainly. below the orifices METSCHNIKOFF in old ledges hydrothecal are, as stated, only present individuals; in 4 and 8 taken from the There is also much variation in the my plate, figs. are both same colony. extent to which the are sometimes almost free and sessile, hydrothecaê immersed : they are completely which is almost the exact HINCKS' cit., VII, in as in fig. 6, counterpart of figure (loc. pl. 1874); other in the the attached for half their cases, same colony or even on same shoot, they are length, as in fig. 4. Eut I have seen no specimens that can be called intermediate between this arctic form and the typical S. polyzonias. I reproduce HINCKS' figure of S. quadricornis for it differs from those under consideration in the marked constriction in the middle comparison ; only of the I have searched all in vain for to with those hydrothecaê. my specimens gonangia, compare figured by HINCKS in S. quadricornis. S. i tea in the collection from all three stations in which obtained g g a il occurs hydroids were in shallow water: viz., at Bussö Sound, Vardö, in Matotschkin Scharr (10 fathoms), and near the mouth of the Petsehora (16.5 fathoms).
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