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Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)(Thecate Hydroids) Willem Vervoort and Jeanette E

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Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)(Thecate Hydroids) Willem Vervoort and Jeanette E ISSN 0083–7908; 119 The Marine Fauna of New Zealand:Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)(Thecate Hydroids) Willem Vervoort and Jeanette E. Watson Willem Vervoort The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) Willem Vervoort and Jeanette E. Watson NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119 COVER PHOTO: Endemic Dictyocladium monilifer (Hutton, 1873), Red Baron Caves, Poor Knights Islands. Photo: Malcolm Francis, NIWA.. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NIWA) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) Willem Vervoort National Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden THE NETHERLANDS Jeanette E. Watson Honorary Associate, Museum of Victoria Melbourne 3000, AUSTRALIA NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119 2003 1 Cataloguing in Publication VERVOORT, W.; WATSON, J.E. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) / by Willem Vervoort and Jeanette E. Watson — Wellington : NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), 2003 (NIWA Biodiversity memoir, ISSN 0083–7908: 119) ISBN 0-478-23261-6 I. Title II. Series Series Editor Dennis P. Gordon Typeset by Rose-Marie C. Thompson and Geoff Gregory National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) (incorporating N.Z. Oceanographic Institute) Wellington Received for publication — July 2000 © NIWA Copyright 2003 2 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 6 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................................... 15 LIST OF SPECIES .......................................................................................................................................... 18 SYSTEMATICS .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Order CONICA ........................................................................................................................................ 22 Suborder CAMPANULINIDA ......................................................................................................... 22 Superfamily CAMPANULINOIDEA ...................................................................................... 22 Superfamily LAODICEOIDEA .................................................................................................. 29 Superfamily EIRENOIDEA .................................................................................................... 34 Superfamily LOVENELLOIDEA ............................................................................................... 37 Superfamily MITROCOMOIDEA.............................................................................................. 40 Suborder LAFOEIDA ........................................................................................................................ 41 Superfamily LAFOEOIDEA ....................................................................................................... 41 Suborder HALECIIDA ...................................................................................................................... 85 Superfamily HALECIOIDEA ..................................................................................................... 85 Suborder PLUMULARIIDA ........................................................................................................... 102 Superfamily SERTULAROIDEA .............................................................................................. 102 Superfamily PLUMULARIOIDEA .......................................................................................... 260 Order PROBOSCOIDA ......................................................................................................................... 413 Suborder CAMPANULARIIDA .................................................................................................... 413 Superfamily CAMPANULARIOIDEA ................................................................................... 413 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 448 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 449 APPENDIX 1. LIST OF STATIONS .......................................................................................................... 482 INDEX ....................................................................................................................................................... 527 3 AB CD Frontispiece: A, Synthecium sp., Otamatiti Point, Cape Karikari. B, Aglaophenia ctenata (Totton, 1930). C, Nemertesia elongata Totton, 1930. D, Wanglaophenia longicarpa n. gen., n. sp., holotype specimen, Wanganella Bank, West Norfolk Ridge. Photos: A-C, Malcolm Francis, NIWA; D, Jeanette Watson 4 The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) WILLEM VERVOORT National Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden THE NETHERLANDS JEANETTE E. WATSON Honorary Associate, Museum of Victoria Melbourne 3000, AUSTRALIA ABSTRACT This memoir deals with the New Zealand Leptolida Leptothecatae (formerly named Hydroida Thecaphora, also referred to as Hydroida Leptomedusae and colloquially known as thecate hydroids), based on collections of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute (now incorporated in NIWA — the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), Wellington; the National Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington; the Otago Museum, Dunedin; and the Portobello Marine Biological Station of the University of Otago, Dunedin. About 300 species are discussed and where necessary described and figured. This group of animals was the subject of a thorough survey by Dr Patricia M. Ralph in the years 1957–1961 but largely based on shore- based collections, only a small portion of her material coming from deeper waters. The present survey covers a much wider area, extending into deep waters and dealing with a greatly increased number of species. In many cases the number of specimens studied was much larger than the comparatively modest number of samples at Dr Ralph’s disposal, so our views in certain cases differ from hers. Nevertheless we have closely followed Dr Ralph’s discussion, having access to the major part of her collections. The number of new species in the extensive collections is considerable, some 45 being described. The taxonomic part of the present report is preceded by introductory paragraphs including an historical introduction, a paragraph highlighting the general structure of Leptothecatae and a glossary. Keywords: Conica, Campanulinida, Lafoeida, Haleciida, Plumulariida, Proboscoida, Campanulariida, New Zealand, thecate hydroids, taxonomy, distribution, deep-water species, new species 5 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTORY REMARKS The medusa phases of Anthoathecatae, Lepto- thecatae, and Limnomedusae, as well as the Narco-, The present paper is the result of two visits of two Langio-, and Trachymedusae are grouped together as months each, in 1993 and 1995, to various New Zealand ‘Hydromedusae’; these have, for the New Zealand institutions to study their hydroid collections, the visits area, been treated by Bouillon and Barnett (1999). being largely financed by NIWA funds. As the For a full description of the structure and biology collections were much more extensive than could be of Leptothecatae we refer to one of the many textbooks handled in four months, bearing in mind the necessity of invertebrate taxonomy. A very recent and up to date to make microslide preparations of the principal treatment is found in Bouillon (1995); though recently colonies, it was decided to inspect additional material published, its literature references date from some sent on loan to our respective laboratories. The Ralph years before the date of publication; additional Collection of tubed material in possession of the references can easily be obtained from the Zoological National Museum of New Zealand, for instance, was Records. Cornelius’s introduction to his two volumes completely studied in Leiden. on British Leptothecatae (Cornelius 1995a, b) also During our study of the New Zealand leptolid presents a complete survey of up to date information collections we also saw many Anthoathecatae. The on this group of animals. The following paragraph lists present report exclusively deals with the Leptothecatae; some basic facts necessary to use the present volume the data on Anthoathecatae, many of which have not at its full advantage. been published before, will hopefully form the basis of Cnidaria are the most primitive phylum of the a future paper. Eumetazoa, multicellular animals, mainly consisting of two cell layers, the ‘ectoderm’ or outer layer, and the ‘endoderm’ or inner layer, separated by an inter- GENERAL REMARKS mediate layer of varied thickness and composition, called mesoglea; it may contain cells and fibrillar The present paper deals with New Zealand leptothecate elements. The endoderm, referred to as ‘gastrodermis’
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