TO: Blanche Foster, Director Rehabilitation Project

CC: Stacey Flanagan, Program Development Project Manager

FROM: New School Graduate Program in International Affairs DGGV Research Team: George Chatzis, Daniel Clason-Hook, Vitali Tcherniak, Gary Weingarten

DATE: July 1, 2008

RE: Recommendations for Water Collaboration Initiative

RReeggiisstteerreedd RReeffuuggeeee CCaammppss PPooppuullaattiioonnss PGDS in DOS Population and Geographic Data Section Eastern Chad Division of Operational Support As of 30 Novembre 2006 Email : [email protected] R

Global Proportion Evolution O W 225,000 . C P

TREGUINE 4

GAGA A !! 6.8% _ !! n 5.3% o

BREDJING i t a l

13.1% DJABAL u

220,478 p 6.9% o 219,536 P 220,000 _

FARCHANA s e n e

o 218,183 g 8.5% GOZ i t u f a l AMER e u

216,707 R _ MILE 8.7% p 220478 d o a P 7.1% h

214,528 C 214,485 _

215,000 t s OURE-CASSONI a KOUNONGOU E 6.0% 12.1%

AMNABAK IRIDIMI ))) Ourini 7.5% 7.9% 210,000 Berdoba TOULOUM 30Jun06 31Jul06 31Aug06 30Sep06 31Oct06 30Nov06 10.1% )))

Population

Karna ))) 2266,,,778866 ))) Oum-Chalouba Bougouradi ))) OOuurrree CCaassssoonniii

)))Déni ))) BahaiBahai

))) Ogouba ))) Ourba Bakaoré

))) 1177,,,331199 IribaIribaIriba ))) Noursi Adya ))) ))) CCHHAADD )))IIIrrriiiddiiimmiii ))) ))) Tériba CCHHAADD 2222,,,229933 ))) ))) Arada SSUUDDAANN Tologon ))) TToouullloouumm )))

))) Bornodoukoumé ))) AAmm NNaabbaakk ))) ))) AAmm NNaabbaakk ))) Am Eriz 1155,,,555577 ))) ))) Kourniéla ))) 1166,,,550044

))) MMiiilllee Biltine Gourmoga MMiiilllee !! !! ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) Kabga ))) GuérédaGuéréda ))) ))) ))) Koronboué KKoouunnoouunnggoo

))) Fohal ))) 1133,,,331155 ))) Garada Malanga ))) ))) Koïbo ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) Saigon ))) Kasin )))Argout ))) Lobodo ))) ))) ))) Madamdama ))) Am Zoer ))) Bali ))) ))) ))) Birak Djelid ))) ))) ))) Foundou ))) Ibn del Ralam ))) Dourningé ))) ))) ))) Barkala Abogoroum Ramadan Mata ))) ))) Ardémi Djombo ))) LEGEND ))) Kondjigin ))) ))) ))) ))) Saraï ))) ))) UNHCR sub office Ab Djoulou ))) 1111,,,776677 1188,,,884433 ))) Am Dalam AbéchéAbéché 1188,,,884433 AbéchéAbéché UNHCR field office GGaaggaa ))) UNHCR presence ))) Facha ))) ))) ))) ))) Id el Outouk ))) ))) Ginedilé FFaarrrcchhaannaa UNHCR planned office ))) Am Sak ))) ))) Dopdopdop ))) ))) Badiné ))) ))) FarchanaFarchana Djombo Fakard ))) FarchanaFarchana Camp ))) Am Dout Goz ))) Am Himédé Yomadjamal ))) Adré ))) Dalakéna BBrrreeddjjjiiinngg ))) !! ))) BBrrreeddjjjiiinngg !! Main town / village ))) TTrrreegguuiiinnee ))) ElEl GeneinaGeneina ))) ))) ElEl GeneinaGeneina ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) Am Baram Dadjo ))) Secondary town / village )))Moutrar ))) 2288,,,995577 !! ))) ))) !!Oum Hadjer ))) Chéchan International boundary 1144,,,888855 ))) ))) ))) 1144,,,888855 ))) ))) Ambalgna ))) ))) Am Dafani Mourdigin ))) ))) Amié ))) ))) Main road ))) ))) Ougouné ))) )))Déheché ))) ))) Am Djoufour Dérésa ))) Secondary road ))) ))) Alacha UUmm SShhaalllaayyaa ))) Déréhité Dadjo UUmm SShhaalllaayyaa ))) ))) Tarhacha ))) Safay ))) Goz Mérem ))) ))) Dar Oumar ))) Kadana ))) MorneiMorneiRefugee population by camp )))Abou Ndouro ))) Kirona MorneiMornei ))) Korkoro ))) ))) ))) ))) ZalingeiZalingei ))) Hallouf ))) ))) Am Djourar Ganbir ))) Olo Zabalat 2ZalingeiZalingei8,880 ))) )))Siref ))) ))) ) Karay ))) ))) Am Géréda ))) ))) ))) Farérik ))) Saounya ))) ))) ))) Korno ))) ))) ))) Am Dam ))) Am Leiouha 14,440 ))) Biere Am Gena Kouka Marnié ))) Tiney ))) ))) ))) Echbara ))) ))) Zafai ))) Chuchumoru HabillahHabillah Moura Gilbo ))) ))) Ade ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) Am Dérésa Sounta ))) ))) ))) Hadjer Béïd 2,888 ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) ))) Kalaga Boudo ))) Karoub ))) ))) Ouaga Arbochi Modoyna ))) ))) ))) ))) Am Charamit ))) ))) Direïté ))) Madoua Saraf Doungous ))) Abdourta ))) )))))) ))) Dorno Djoutougé ))) Idel Asat Saba ))) Goz Lében ))) ))) Ardélik Niarinion ))) ))) ))) Am Dagachi Kaio ))) ))) Tilege ))) ))) ))) Karo ))) Bard Makokou ))) ELEVATION DDjjjaabbaalll ))) ))) Gandagiré DDjjjaabbaalll ))) GozGoz BeïdaBeïda ))) Rafina (Above mean sea level) Fourdougou 1155,,,116622 ))) 1199,,,009900 ))) Bali ))) Djiodat ))) ))) ))) ))) )))Kataouaré ))) Binedir ))) Mongororo 1165 meters Tamadjour GGoozz AAmmee)))rrr MMuukkjjjaarrr ))) ))) MMuukkjjjaarrr ))) Salta ))) 1030 meters ))) KouKou KouKou -- AngaranaAngarana ))) Goufo KouKou KouKou))) -- AngaranaAngarana

860 meters ))) Arata ))) ))) ))) Alo Teddji ))) ))) Rafa Sakalmoudjou 680 meters

))) 0 30 60 ))) Badia )))Gabasour ))) ))) )))Moudjoud 450 meters Kilometer ))) ))) ))) Hodjer Meram )))Tchalak ))) ))) Mbaldia ))) Dourdoura ))) Printed: 18/12/2006 ))) Algiez ))) ))) ))) Mouraïa ))) Koukou ))) The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Sources: UNHCR, Global Insight digital mapping-© 1998 Europa Technologies Ltd. BACKGROUND

Overview: DGGV’s cooperation with Darfur Rehabilitation Project (DRP) began in February, 2008 after being extended an invitation to contribute to DRP’s effort of bringing clean drinking water to refugee camps in the broader region of Eastern Chad. After extensive research of the water extraction field and Chadian management, this report will provide DRP with an alternative model for achieving this goal; one that is based on enhancing DRP’s role in the refugee relief sector, while downplaying DRP’s role as direct water service provider.

Darfur Rehabilitation Project (DRP): An organization whose capabilities are based on its guiding principles and strength in advocacy work.

“Darfur Rehabilitation Project, Inc. (DRP) was formed to promote peace in Darfur and to unify the voices of Darfurians everywhere. DRP believes that a democratic, unified is the best hope for a peaceful, prosperous Sudan. DRP calls upon all Sudanese to work together to foster an inclusive Sudanese national identity; to build a democratic society that respects human rights and dignity; and to incorporate the diverse cultural heritage of all peoples of the country”1

DRP Successes:

• Established the Darfur Victim’s Project connecting Darfurians affected by the Darfur Conflict with human rights attorneys and the International Criminal Court.

• Initiated the Darfur-Darfur Dialogue that brings together all stakeholders of the Darfur Conflict – from Darfur to to those affected by the Conflict here in the United States, under the auspices of trained conflict resolution members in an effort to establish a lasting peace initiative.

• Led the initiative to pressure the US government to officially label the Darfur Conflict, “genocide.”

1 http://www.darfurrehab.org/index.htm

2 INITIAL PROJECT PLAN

Summary: DRP approached The New School in order to implement and improve water distribution in and around refugee camps in Eastern Chad. In that direction, we conducted research regarding the already existing refugee camps and began contacting the NGOs and IGOs that were responsible for managing the camps. After discussion with DRP we narrowed the project down to one specific camp, GAGA after hearing testimony from a DRP member who had found that water needs were not being satisfied in that camp.

DCCV Conducted Needs Assessment: (Results in Addendum) • Researched companies that manufacture and distribute water extraction systems with a specific focus on non-electrical water hand-pumps. • Contacted contractors to get price quotes on rigging equipment and services. • Contacted geological surveyors to determine the water potential under and around Gaga Camp. • Communicated with NGOs who implemented the water system when Gaga Camp was originally set up in 2005. • Located the current NGO responsible for managing water services in Gaga Camp to get distribution and equipment specifics.

DGGV Contacted Africare – Managing NGO, Gaga Camp: • Interviewed Africare Project Coordinator for UNHCR, Mbaibarem Ngaodande. • Contacted Africare’s Director for Francophone West and Central Africa, William Noble.

DGGV Finds Possible Roadblocks To Implementing Initial Plan In Gaga Camp: • Africare informed DGGV that DRP would not be the best organization to provide direct water services in Gaga Camp. • Africare stated they had the water situation under control in Gaga and provided a conflicting view to DRP’s testimony. • Africare saw DRP as invasive; Mr. Noble spoke on the defensive when the suggestion was made that DRP might be able to assist in providing more water to . • Information sharing between Africare and DGGV/DRP would be limited based on this initial introduction. • Africare stated they would entertain the idea of putting together a proposal of their own, based on their own needs and findings and would consider DRP to be a provider of funds for future collaborative efforts.

Gaga Camp Challenges May Apply To Other Camps Where DRP Seeks To Assist In Water Services: • Camps are already managed by NGOs that have worked in the water relief sector for decades. • These NGOs have more capacity to implement and improve new and existing water systems. • Purchasing and shipping of equipment to Eastern Chad is better left to NGOs who have the capacity to facilitate these measures. • DRP risks being seen as invasive if they try to organize relief efforts inside already managed camps.

3 DGGV RECOMMENDATIONS

After careful review of DRP’s initial project plan, the conducted needs assessment and the potential roadblocks, providing DRP with a lengthy compilation of methods and materials used in the water extraction sector would be ineffective, if not counter-productive in helping DRP bring more water to the refugees in Eastern Chad.

We recommend that DRP develop alternative plans to acting as a direct water services provider and focus on tapping into and enhancing an already existing system that will increase its capacity to work with and influence the NGOs currently managing the water relief sector in Chad refugee/IDP camps.

This will be achieved by DRP forming partnerships in the field, performing proper evaluations of water services in camps, acting as a clearinghouse of information on the water relief sector and providing funding to existing and potential projects.

4 A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH FOR DRP TO REACH ITS GOAL: WATER FOR DARFUR/CHAD

Recommended Goal: Create a new framework that reshapes/redefines/restructures DRP into a more effective organization that will enable the following: • Enhance DRP’s already known status within the refugee support system network that will give them more clout and influence on the ground in Eastern Chad. • Seek partnerships to enable DRP to easily enter Eastern Chad’s relief work operations. • DRP to become a facilitating organization for funders and relief sector NGOs seeking to continue working through the Darfur Conflict.

Stratifying DRPs New Framework and Redefining DRP’s Client Base. DRP currently provides services to those seeking justice in international criminal tribunals and to those seeking educational materials on the Darfur conflict. We recommend that DRP adds the following to its client portfolio in order to broaden its capacity to effect real change in the region: I. Funders are essential in making ideas come to fruition. Water extraction systems, buying technology and paying experts in the field to do proper evaluations is a costly business, and the search for adequate funds, an arduous task. Funders are most willing to spend their money on projects they feel are legitimate and have high levels of accountability and DRP must prove they have the capacity to implement such projects.

II. Service Sector Organizations/Creating Partnerships: These are organizations that have operations on the ground in Eastern Chad or those that assist them. Many are faced with daily dilemmas that hamper their efforts to assess and improve the water situation in and around the refugee/IDP camps. They must come to view DRP as an essential partner in their relief operations. Consequently, the lack of this partnership was the crucial missing link between DRP achieving their original goal of providing more water to refugees in Gaga Camp; clearly exemplified by our research team’s interaction with the managing NGO of Gaga camp, Africare. Suggestions for successful long lasting partnerships:

• Re-introduce DRP to UNHCR. UNHCR is the cluster leader for all of the refugee/IDP camps in Eastern Chad. It is important to inform UNHCR of DRP’s new goals and to get their stamp of approval so DRP can use the UNHCR name when reaching out to the NGOs they seek to create partnerships with.

• Formal introductions to NGOs operating refugee/IDP camps and relief efforts in Eastern Chad. 1. Meet with directors and board members in their main operating offices first to establish a relationship of trust and non-invasiveness. It is crucial to do this before reaching out to those on the ground in Eastern Chad. Stress the concept that DRP is an organization seeking to assist the conditions in the camps and not to impose or takeover relief operations. Use DRP’s advocacy strengths to achieve this activity. 2. Sign memorandums of understanding with those NGOs that agree to allow DRP to access refugee/IDP camps. 3. Contact NGOs on the ground in Eastern Chad and send a DRP team to the camps for formal introductions.

5 III. Political Sphere: DRP’s strength lies within its ability to advocate on behalf of its constituents, therefore it is crucial that while implementing our recommendations, DRP continues working with government officials, human rights and justice networks and on its educational outreach efforts. DRP also has a long-standing relationship with different levels of the US government, particularly those that represent the New Jersey locale. This sector is important when facilitating the transfer of aid to organizations in Chad and in creating and removing policies that affect the work being done in Chad. DRP must continue to enhance this relationship by building up the services it has the potential to provide.

HOW DRP CAN EFFECTIVELY BRING CLEAN WATER TO MORE REFUGEES IN EASTERN CHAD:

DRP

PARTNERSHIPS

FUNDERS

Figure 1: A VISION OF HOW DRP CAN EFFECTIVELY BRING CLEAN WATER TO MORE REFUGEES IN EASTERN CHAD.

Focus On The Field; Providing Needed Services For Agencies At Work:

I. DRP is a Forum consisting of strategic partnerships and planning efforts that helps clients locate needed resources and assists funders to locate target-specific projects; both which will better serve the region.

II. DRP is an online Clearinghouse hosted on DRP’s website. The Clearinghouse will be a continuously updated / up-to-the-minute database of information and resources regarding the water situation in Eastern Chad and the Darfur Region. The Clearinghouse would provide the following benefits to DRP and to the enhancement of relief operations: • Potential funders and other relief sector organizations will view DRP as well informed, adding greater integrity and legitimacy to DRP efforts. • Potential funders and NGOs with have easy access to up-to-the-minute information on the Darfur water crisis and what is needed for relief.

6 • Funders will gain access to the network and the DRP partnership base that will be used to implement future projects. • A Clearinghouse creates an online web presence hosted by DRP allowing for networking within the relief sector, a forum for dialogue, and a broader home for advocacy. • A Clearinghouse would offer funders a place to research projects in the region, their successes and strategies.

• The Clearinghouse in detail: • Photographs/live footage of Eastern Chad refugee/IDP camps. • Technical, geological, social and cultural information of areas within and surrounding refugee/IDP camps. • Needs assessments for improving water delivery services to camp/village inhabitants, including costs and information collected during the evaluation process. • “Sponsor a Camp” availability for outside funders to provide aid directly to specific projects. • Detail of DRP partners and an outline of how funds are dispersed to NGOs operating the camps. • A section on the water extraction sector that is updated regularly, showing DRP’s hands-on knowledge of “best practices” to bring water to people in refugee camps, including: • handpumps, rigging equipment, shipping costs, geologic surveyors, contractors for installation. • maintenance and distribution systems

III. DRP Provides Perfect Evaluations. With the proper partnerships in place, DRP will be in a good position to build an evaluation team that will conduct on the ground evaluations of water availability and management systems. Because DRP is considered to be powerful advocates, we believe that with the right set of professionals and specialists in the areas of geology and hydrology, the evaluation team would successfully: • Determine the functionality of projects and establish recommendations. • Act as a general support office for the service sector within these camps. • Allow for information on camp conditions and relief efforts to flow freely from the NGOs operating the camps to DRP’s evaluation teams and Clearinghouse. Such information would range from: the types of equipment being used to extract water in camps; geologic surveys of underground water potential; distribution patterns and conditions of potable drinking water.

IV. DRP acts as a Funding Facilitator. With the partnerships created, the Clearinghouse in place and the evaluations completed, DRP will be able to benefit from different funding initiatives. • Attract Funds For DRP Operations: By showing funders and grant makers that DRP has the capacity to form partnerships, gather perfect information and provide a database for water relief efforts, DRP will be able to attract grants and funds for its basic operations: performing evaluations, maintaining the clearinghouse, providing advocacy for victims of the Darfur Conflict. • Attract funds for projects aimed at DRP’s original goal of providing better water services to those in refugee/IDP camps in Eastern Chad. With the legitimacy and capacity that the new framework will foster, funders will feel confident giving directly to DRP with the understanding their funds will go to proposed water projects in Eastern Chad. Many funders may feel confident by entrusting DRP over other NGOs due to the power of DRP’s information gathering techniques and by the relationships they have created with those on the ground in Chad. Naturally, DRP’s membership content of local Darfurians only

7 adds to this legitimacy. In addition, DRP can also act as a linkage organization that matches Darfur based NGOs in need of funding to funders that seek related type placement of funds.

THE NEW DRP

Service Sector Clearinghouse

Political Sphere Client DRP Services Evaluations

Funders Partnerships

Figure 2: A VISION OF THE NEW DRP

8 VISIONING THE FUTURE: CASE STUDY USING THE NEW FRAMEWORK

Establish Partnership With Africare: • We suggest that you contact Africare President Julius E. Coles to establish a non-invasive relationship that clearly identifies DRP’s goals in working in Gaga Camp. His contact information is available in the Addendum, along with his biography and briefing on Africare's work in Gaga Camp. • Contact William Noble, Director of the Francophone West and Central Africa Regional Office, who oversees Africare’s operations in Gaga Camp. Again, his contact information is attached, along with that of Africare’s Project Coordinator for UNHCR Mbairbarem Ngaodande who provided our team with some basic information about Gaga. If DRP can successfully form these relationships, then the evaluative process can begin on the ground in Gaga Camp.

CAMP MANAGER CAMP CLUSTER COORDINATOR THE PARTNERSHIP CAMP NAME

IRC Oure Cassoni UNHCR DRP

Figure 3: A VISION OF PARTNERSHIP

9 Evaluate Water Situation In and Around Gaga Refugee Camp: Using the evaluation technique listed in the above Framework, collect information on Gaga Camp by conducting studies alongside Africare and with local inhabitants, engineers and other water experts. Remember that the goal of collecting this information is to ensure that DRP attains the most complete data on how to improve water distribution in Gaga. DRP will then use this data to attract funders and provide them with an allocation-list of how the funds will be spent.

• How many people lack access to clean drinking water? • Where is the cleanest supply of water and how deep does one dig to retrieve it? • What are the best hand-pumps to use in order to bring this water to the surface and are they available in Chad or do they need to be shipped from abroad? • Who is on the ground in Gaga to drill wells and install such devices? • What type of maintenance program does Africare use to ensure the sustainability of the water source and the extraction equipment?

EVALUATION PROCESS

Figure 4: A VISION OF THE EVALUTION PROCESS

10 Bring Gaga Camp Evaluation to DRP’s Clearinghouse:

I. Post the needs assessment from the evaluation process onto the DRP website. Include photographs, infrastructure and personnel requirements and the total cost of the project. This may now be used as an “advertisement” of sorts to visitors of the DRP website who want to help with Darfur relief efforts and will also serve to boost DRP’s advocacy efforts by showing the full breadth of their capacity to gather valuable information.

II. Use the information gathered during the evaluation to compare it with data DRP has complied in its databases, making recommendations to Africare on more efficient water systems, equipment, and contractors thereby ensuring funds will be used to their maximum effect.

DRP = CLEARINGHOUSE FOR DATA ON EASTERN CHAD

ON THE GROUND IN EASTERN CHAD CAMPS:

WATER EXTRACTION SERVICE SECTOR:

Figure 5: A VISION OF HOW THE CLEARINGHOUSE OPERATES

Attract Funders: With the relationships, evaluations and Clearinghouse Objectives satisfied, DRP is in a solid position to attract funders on the two levels mentioned in the Framework.

• Funding for DRP Operations: The information that DRP has gathered will provide an invaluable service to those seeking placement of funds, to those in the political sphere concerned with the , and to those in relief sector organizations operating in Eastern Chad. Because the information is so valuable, DRP will be in a position to increase its funding levels in order to ensure the information remains continuous and constant. • Funding for Water Projects in Gaga: Because DRP now will have access to the most complete information on what is needed in Gaga, combined with the fact that DRP is an independent NGO made up of local Darfurians, funders who seek to place relief funds may choose to use DRP as a funnel organization to reach relief operations being performed by other agencies.

11

FUNDING

ADVOCACY

PARTNERSHIPS $120,000

$85,000 EVALUATIONS $16,000

2007 2009 2010 CLEARINGHOUSE

Figure 6: POSSIBLE FUNDING STRUCTURE FOR NEW DRP

CONCLUSION

DGGV is confident that the recommendations in this report are a plausible way for DRP to reach its goal of providing more water to the inhabitants in and around refugee/IDP camps in Eastern Chad. The recommendations will build DRP’s capacity by establishing partnerships, creating a clearinghouse of information on water issues and acting as a funding channel; all of which place DRP in a better position to affect existing relief efforts while giving DRP the ability to strengthen its highly reputable advocacy work for those affected by the Darfur Conflict.

The next step for DRP may be to call for a full feasibility study based on the DGGV recommendations. The New School’s Graduate Program in International Affairs is available to assist with this study and DRP should contact the New School GPIA Project Manager, Stacey Flanagan for further information.

12 ADDENDUM A: AFRICARE CONTACT INFORMATION: International Headquarters: Africare Telephone: 1-202-462-3614 Africare House Fax: 1-202-387-1034 440 R Street, N.W. Email: [email protected] Washington, D.C. 20001

Julius E. Coles, President: (biography on page ?) Telephone: 1-202-462-3614 / Email: [email protected]

William P. Noble, Director, Francophone West and Central Africa Regional Office. Telephone: 1-202-462-3614 / Email: [email protected]. You will recall that in a telephone interview with DGGV in April, 2008 that Mr. Noble gave DGGV the impression that DRP was being invasive in their approach. He did suggest that Africare would be open to receiving funds provided by DRP to be focused on water issues in Gaga Camp.

Mbaibarem Ngaodande, Africare Project Coordinator for UNHCR Telephone: 011-235-269-85-91 or 011-235-625-64-33 / Email: [email protected] Mr. Ngaodande provided a translator of ours with some basic information on how deep to dig in the Gaga Camp area. He is based in Chad and reports to William Noble. His exact responses from our telephone interview on April 18, 2008 were as follows: 1. Are there any geologic surveys I may look at to determine how much water potential exists in the ground - under and around the Gaga Camp? Are they online or can you send them to me? This information can be gotten through Oxfam Great Britain as they are the ones who worked on it. Or of you search their site, all the information should be there. UNHCR Chad also has information but Oxfam GB has more. Oxfam GB were the ones that built the two main wells close to the river. These produce 25 meter cube of water per hour and we usually pump water for about 6-7 hours daily. We try to give 15 liters of water per person per day. 2. How much water exists in the ground - under and around Gaga Camp? That information would be available from Oxfam GB. The rainy season here is from around June to October. 3. Approximately how deep would one have to dig to extract the water? When the Africare specialists dig, they are usually able to get water after digging 10 meters deep. 4. Would you be able to provide me with the names of the manufacturers of the pump/well devices that Gaga currently uses? Oxfam GB would have those details. 5. Does Gaga Camp have technical experts who can assist in setting up the new pumps or wells if DRP can provide the funding for this new equipment? Yes, there are some specialists that work for Africare that can do this. 6. Does Africare have extra wells/pumps in Gaga that are not being used? No, all are being used. 8. Lastly, is their a description of the water system currently implemented in Gaga Camp? Can you send it to me or can I look at it online? You could contact the Africare Office in Washington DC as they have those documents. The person to contact there is a woman named Malaika*. *We contacted Malaika Jeter via email at [email protected] and she told us to contact William Noble. ------

13 Africare President Julius E. Coles*

Julius E. Coles has been Africare's president since mid-June 2002. An Africare supporter since the organization's beginning, Coles served as a Board member from 1997 until assuming the presidency (at Ih time, his Board status changed to "ex- officio": non-voting). From 1997 to 2002, he was the director of Morehouse College's Andrew Young Center for International Affairs. He served as the director of Howard University's Ralph J. Bunche International Affairs Center from 1994 to 1997. Most of Coles's previous career, spanning some 28 years, was as a senior official with the United States Agency for International Development. He was mission director in Swaziland and Senegal and served in Vietnam, Morocco, Liberia, Nepal and Washington, D.C. Coles retired from the U.S. government's foreign service in 1994 with the rank of career minister. His foreign service-related awards Ie the Distinguished Career Service Award (1995) and the Presidential Meritorious Service Award (annually, 1983-1986). Coles's numerous other awards have Ied Princeton University's James Madison Medal (2007), Morehouse College's National Alumnus of the Year (2006) and the Amistad Achievement Award (2003). He was Iated by then President Abdou Diouf of Senegal as Commander in the Order of Lion (1994). Coles is a member of the Boards of InterAction, the Alliance Française (Washington, D.C.), the Andrew Young Center for International Affairs at Morehouse College, Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School and the Society for International Development. In addition, he is a member of the Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity, the Rotary Club of Atlanta, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Bretton Woods Ie and the UNESCO International Commission on the Gorée (Senegal) Memorial. He received his B.A. from Morehouse College (1964) and his master's degree in public affairs from Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs (1966). He also has studied at the University of Geneva in Switzerland, the U.S. Department of State Foreign Institute's Senior Seminar, the Federal Executive Institute and Institut de Français in Paris. Born in Atlanta, Ga., Coles is the father of two grown daughters and lives with his wife, Jean Coles, in Vienna, Va. *[from: http://www.africare.org/aboutus/senior/coles.php]

14 ADDENDUM B: AFRICARE AND GAGA CAMP: [from: http://www.africare.org/news/news2008/2008.01.15.UPS.php] The UPS Foundation Partners with Africare in Chad: $100,000 Grant to Support Darfur Refugees. Washington, D.C., January 15, 2008-- It is hard to imagine- 17,500 refugees, more than half of them children, living in small tented communities in the Sahara desert. Fleeing violence in war-torn Sudan, these refugees have sought shelter in refugee camps throughout the Central African country of Chad. One of those camps is Gaga Camp, located 60 km from eastern Chad's main city of Abeche. For many, Gaga camp has become a new home away from home over the past three years. The camp opened in 2005; more refugees arrive every day. The UPS Foundation today announced a $100,000 grant to Africare to fund improvements at Gaga Camp.

Scene from a refugee camp in eastern Chad, where people from Darfur, Sudan, and the Central African Republic have sought refuge from the violence at home. (Reuters/AlertNet photo)

“The UPS Foundation has given more than a grant,” noted Africare President Julius E. Coles. “It has provided resources to ensure that the mothers, fathers and children forced out of Darfur and into Gaga Refugee Camp will have good nutrition, and the tools to sustain that nutrition for the time they remain at the camp. Sustainability is key to the projects we implement at Africare, and the UPS Foundation has become a vital partner in that work.” Funding from The UPS Foundation will complement Africare’s current assistance in improving the living conditions of the refugee population and surrounding villages with a focus on children with food deficiencies. Families under the grant are given plots of land to plant gardens using irrigation systems in order to produce an assortment of vegetables and crops to feed their own families, selling the excess crops at nearby markets. Badly needed agricultural inputs such as seeds and pesticides will be distributed, and light agricultural tools such as ploughs will be provided to facilitate the transportation of harvested products. Farmers will also be trained in vegetable production techniques, improvement of agricultural perimeters and consumption of crops to insure a well-balanced diet. “Africare’s approach to creating sustainable communities is perfectly in line with the mission of The UPS Foundation,” said Lisa Hamilton, president of The UPS Foundation. “We seek projects that not only address emergency situations but that develop long-term solutions as well.” Gaga Camp is the 12th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camp in eastern Chad, managed by Africare, a U.S.-based organization with a mission to improve the quality of life in Africa. Africare is responsible for the day- to-day management of the camp Iing the distribution of food and non-food items, the construction of infrastructures such as

15 water and sanitation facilities, and supplying resources and training for capacity-building so that refugees can begin to support themselves. ------[ from: http://www.africare.org/news/news2007/2007Chad.php] Since early 2005, Africare has been involved with the transfer of Sudanese refugees from Darfur to refugee camps located in northeastern Chad. The Gaga Camp is in eastern Chad and provides a temporary location for refugees to resettle. To date, 3,750 tents have been installed to accommodate the camp’s growing number of refugees. It is expected that more than 20,000 refugees will be housed within the camp by the end of February 2007. In addition to basic shelter needs, Gaga Camp provides a wide variety of assistance activities – ranging from the distribution of food and non-food items, construction of infrastructure, and training and provision of services in the fields of agriculture, livestock, forestry and water-and-sanitation. The broad objective of Africare’s assistance to the refugees is threefold: 1. Food security. Including distribution of food provided by the World Food Programme to camp refugees. Africare also helps refugees develop vegetable gardens with small-scale irrigation systems for food consumption and marketing of surpluses. 2. Income generation. Activities include training refugees to build improved stoves to prevent overuse of firewood, utilization of improved seeds for higher productivity, production and marketing of agricultural tools, small business development for women’s groups, and commercial exchange with local communities. 3. Sanitation. Africare ensures cleanliness in and around the camp through construction of latrines and training in health and hygiene, along with cleaning of public places and treatment of latrines. Africare also is constructing water points for animals.

16 ADDENDUM C: HANDPUMPS (a blank box means information has not been received yet) PUMP NAME COUNTRY CONTACT PRICE USAGE LITERS/H COST OF SHIPPING VLOM ATTRIBUTES & ADDITIONAL OF ORIGIN PER DEPTH OUR STANDARDS INFORMATION PUMP (meters) SATISFIED*

Volanta Netherlands Jansen Venneboer $2000 100m 1500 YES Requires about $25 in spare parts International per year. Every 3 – 5 years, +31 (0)570 52 25 25 requires new pump tube at $300. [email protected] Easy to install with low maintenance.

http://www.jansen-venneboer.com/

http://www.handpump.org/welcom e.htm Bison Pump USA Bison Pumps $2148 300ft Shipping to New NO Information and reviews about (207) 532-2600 Jersey: $200 Bison Pumps was difficult to find [email protected] other than what is stated by the company itself: Contact: Kim Folson. http://www.bisonpumps.com/faq.ht m India Mark II India Apex International $350 45m 900 $550.00 to ship 4 NO This handpump is widely used in +(91)-9811037640 pumps to Cotonou Chad. According to the World [email protected] Port, Benin or bank/UNDP Handpump Project Douala, Cameroon. conducted in the 1980s, this was Contact: No direct shipping the world’s best handpump option. Lalit Khanna to Chad. http://skipumps.com/mark2_details. htm

http://www.apex-international.org/

Monitor USA Baker Manufacturing $720 200ft 12-14 NO Very durable with sturdy parts. 11HD http://www.bakermonitor.com strokes = Made in the USA. Distributor in New Jersey: 1 gallon Shaffer Company Inc. http://www.bakermonitor.com/dom T: (856) 829-2020 estic_new/hand_pump_stands/hand _pumps.html

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PUMP NAME COUNTRY CONTACT PRICE USAGE LITERS/H COST OF SHIPPING VLOM ATTRIBUTES & ADDITIONAL OF ORIGIN PER DEPTH OUR STANDARDS INFORMATION PUMP (meters) SATISFIED?*

India Mark India Meera & Ceiko 90m 1050 YES http://meera-ceiko.com/ IV VLOM +91-40-27711131, 55334990 [email protected] http://hyderabad.indiabizclub.com/ catalog/74056~india_mark_iv_@c Contact: @_india_mark_ii_extra_deep_well M. Mahender Kumar _hand_pump~hyderabad

Heller Adler USA Hitzer Inc. $290 90m 3-4 $45 to New Jersey NO These handpumps have been used 190AG/192 (260) 589 - 8536 strokes = by the Amish in Pennsylvania for Berne, IN 46711 1 gallon over 40 years. They can be [email protected] connected to windmills and other pumping devices to serve livestock Contact: David Leahman and other water services.

http://www.hitzer.com/products/pu mps/model555_660/main.html Afripump Netherlands Jansen Venneboer 100m 900 YES Most simple and reliable handpump International on the market with claims of being +31 (0)570 52 25 25 maintenance free with no [email protected] replacement parts. Simple maintenance/cleaning.

http://www.handpump.org/afri_pu mp/index.htm

http://www.jansen-venneboer.com/

*VLOM STANDARDS: VLOM or “Village Level Operation and Maintenance,” is a term used for water pumps that meet specific requirement for pump sustainability and minimal maintenance. A specific description of VLOM standards may be found at the following link: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/41-vlom-pumps.pdf

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ADDENDUM D: CONTRACTORS DeepRock DeepRock DeepRock is a US manufacturer of water well drilling rigs. About 30% of their 2209 Anderson Road business is done with NGOs and relief organizations around the world. They are Opelika, Alabama 36801 located in Alabama.

T: 1-800-633-8774 After speaking with Mr. Ford, the Vice President for Export Services, it became clear [email protected] that he would need very specific information about the geological survey of the land www.deeprock.com under and around Gaga Camp; in addition to the exact types of hand pumps DRP would be installing. Without this data, Mr. Ford was only able to provide rough estimates of contact: the costs of drilling equipment: Don Ford, Vice President Export Services Light Weight Hydro Drill # 707EX: $6500.00. Plus $1200.00 in shipping fees.

Trailer or truck mounted rig for drilling: $35,000 - $500,000

Meera & Ceiko Meera & Ceiko Pumps Pvt. Ltd., Meera & Ceiko, located in India, manufactures hand pumps and performs drilling Door No. 4-3-161, 2153/5, services in remote regions such as Ghana, Benin, Senegal, Mauritania. They also Hill Street, Ranigunj, provide installation, maintenance and training services for the systems they implement. Secunderabad - 500 003 AP, India. T: 0019-40-27615131, 27617098 For a complete list of services visit: http://www.meera-ceiko.com/projects.htm Email: [email protected] http://www.meera-ceiko.com/ Estimates have not been received for these services as of June 18, 2008. We will forward them to DRP upon their arrival. contact: M. Mahender Kumar General Manager - International Business

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ADDENDUM E: GEOLOGIC SURVEYORS Radar Technologies France Radar Technologies Francais Radar Technologies France (RTF) is a land survey contractor that uses the latest 8 place Crémieux 13150 Tarascon technology to determine water, oil and mineral potential underground. Provence, France T: 33 4 90 43 57 73 RTF performed the actual land survey in Gaga for OXFAM back in 2005 when Email: OXFAM dug the first three wells there. RTF has stated that Gaga has great water [email protected] potential, much of which is available at 9 - 20 meters deep along the "WADI DALAL" www.radar-technologies.com/ dry river bed. In addition, there is even greater water potential at 60-80 meters deep from drilling in wet fractures. contact: Alain Gachet, CEO RTF has agreed to work with DRP in performing a new geological survey of Gaga Camp at a cost of $34,000.00. For details, see RTF quotation/proposal on the following page.

ADDENDUM F: USEFUL LINKS FOR DRP http://www.wellspringafrica.org/ http://www.drill4water.com/contactus.html http://www.allbusiness.com/africa/863912-1.html http://www.nationaldriller.com/CDA/Articles/Industry_News/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000317003 http://www.stl-distribution.com/missions/id/15/Africa+Well+Project+(May+2007) http://www.africanwater.org/handpumps.htm http://www.africanwater.org/cranfiel.htm http://www.wsp.org/pubs/results.asp http://www.unwater.org/flashindex.html http://www.practicalaction.org http://www.africanwellfund.org http://www.wateraid.org

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Radar Technologies France Enhance your vision of the earth Anytime, anywhere, immediately. WEBSITE : WWW.radar-technologies.com

Tarascon, the 26th of April 2006

Dr. Alain Gachet Mr. Gary Weingarten 8, Place Crémieux, Research Assistant DRP 13150, TARASCON Darfur Rehabilitation Project Tel : 04 90 43 57 73 Newark, New Jersey, USA Cell: 06 22 99 06 22 Tel : +1 646 872 7434 [email protected]

CONFIDENTIAL AND PERSONAL Projet Réf : DRP Chad-Operation GAGA TCH-0430 Assistance to groundwater operations near GAGA Camp, Eastern Chad

Dear Sir,

According to our recent conversations regarding our assistance to increase the water supply to refugees of Sudan and local villages in and around GAGA in Eastern Ouaddai in Chad, we send you a quoted proposal to use our WATEX databases and patent within a radius of 20 km around Gaga.

GAGA campsite location on a Landsat image (7,4,2)

Radar Technologies France. Siège 8 Place Crémieux, 13150, Tarascon .France. Tel : (33)622 99 06 22 Email : [email protected] CONFIDENTAIL AND PERSONAL Page 1

The whole study area within the study area is covering 1 500 km². With rainfalls averaging from 400 mm/year, this area is suffering from severe deficit in water since the sixties and 5% only of the rainfalls quantity contribute to the replenishment of the aquifers. Moreover, the geology of the basement complex locally covered by sandstones undercut by dykes and fractures which play a fundamental role in groundwater cycle and distribution within their respective watersheds, is not fully understood yet.

Massive influx of refugees or dispaced persons from Darfour since 2004 have increased the pressure on existing groundwater resources and agricultural land with inferred regression of the water table, losses in agriculture production, increase of deforestation and soil erosion on a regional scale. Consequences are drastic on the environment (charcoal production, aquifers depletion) with potentially irreversible effects with long lasting consequences for the local population. Consequently, application of the WATEX© program dedicated to exploration, detection and mapping of new aquifers , analysis of their sustainability, is a crucial step to respond to the emergency situation of the refugees and to their future integration on a longer term. Sustainable agricultural development programs involving local population suffering from the consequences of the ongoing crisis, is crucial for the success of this operation and the establishment of peace in the area.

Starting from two successfull hydrogeologic surveys over 200 000 km² in Tchad for UNHCR (2004-2005) and in Darfour-Soudan for USAID (2006), and more recently in the Sultanate of Oman (2007) for soil detection and mapping, our Company can run use the WATEX© program to assist DRP to improve the water supply to refugees of Sudan and local villages in and around GAGA

We can help you to accurately define new drilling sites near Gaga refugee camps or near the villages of the study area, to identify new aquifers, to detect favourable areas for sustainable agriculture and identify micro-dam sites to increase aquifers replenishment. Micro-dams are required to prevent runoff, soil erosions, floods, store superficial water for cattle and agriculture and replenish the water table within each watershed.

The WATEX© process will help DRP respond to the emergency, to sustainable development and contribute to the post war reconstruction of desertified land.

Yours sincerely Dr. Alain Gachet Ingénieur Civil des Mines CEO of Radar Technologies France UNESCO correspondent, Chair in Water Resources, Khartoum-Soudan.

Radar Technologies France. Siège 8 Place Crémieux, 13150, Tarascon .France. Tel : (33)622 99 06 22 Email : [email protected] CONFIDENTAIL AND PERSONAL Page 2

WATEX© technical program, costs and delays

Immediate availability of : 1- Geologic mapping of the watersheds 2- Geomorphology and soils genesis 3- Structural analysis, fracturation and infiltration process. 4- Hydrography and drainage mapping. 5- Slope maps. 6- Rainfalls quantities analysis on distinct watersheds. 7- WATEX© detection and analysis of buried aquifers. Normal Fees for WATEX© access: 14 Euros/km² Surface of 1 500 km² @ €14/km² = € 20 000

Scope of work

A-Digital maps production (Potential Water Target Maps), delineation of areas of interest, classification of each site, quantities and sustainability. 5 working days are necessary to reprocess and assemble all existing data around GAGA, in RTF Database including cartographic revisions since 2004 and mapping. 5 working days @ 1 500 Euros/day : 7 500 Euros

B-One day converting and transferring all data on « Mystick » navigation system Delivery of one navigation system « Mystick » for the future field operations of DRP. 1 day@1 500 Euros/day : 1 500 Euros (GPS included in the price)

C-Ten working days with DRP team and drillers in the field to provide WATEX© training and to mark drilling points in a radius of 20 km around GAGA Camp (alluvial aquifers, fractures, paleo-dunes, detection of soils for agriculture). These working days include the use of two Ground Penetrating Radar antennas. 400 Mhz antenna for scanning the ground from 0 to 5 m (alluvial and soils) 40 Mhz antenna to scan the field from 6 to 30 meters for fractures detection. 10 days @1 500 Euros/day : 15 000 Euros

TOTAL : 44 000 Euros Due to the humanitarian aspect of DRP operations in GAGA area, RTF can offer you a 50% reduction on the standard price. TOTAL proposal : 22 000 Euros

This quote includes transport from France to N’Dajmena but does not include field protection, transport and accommodation in Chad and transport on the field. Payment conditions: 50% at the signature of the project, 50% at the end of the field survey.

Radar Technologies France. Siège 8 Place Crémieux, 13150, Tarascon .France. Tel : (33)622 99 06 22 Email : [email protected] CONFIDENTAIL AND PERSONAL Page 3

The most efficient Water Exploration tool www.radar-technologies.com

WATEX is a specific groundwater exploration package patented by Radar Technologies France. WATEX is resulting from several years of experience in the oil and mine industry. Under the leadership of United Nations in Chad and the US States Department, USAID and USGS in Darfur, Sudan, Radar Technologies France has successfully applied his WATEX program to locate groundwater reserves to support Sudanese refugees and displaced persons from Darfur, to optimise locations for new camps in the whole region and micro-dams for post-crisis sustainable development.

Happy hours for children in Darfur-Sudan - © RTF Dr. Gachet with a Radar team in Sudan - © RTF WATEX is using a new generation of satellites in order to detect the top of buried aquifers up to a depth of 20 m. RTF can produce anywhere in the world, over extended areas, in very short time, Ground water Target maps ready for drilling, with an accuracy of 150 m. WATEX is an efficient cost effective solution which increased the drilling success rate from 33% to 95% in Eastern Ouaddaï-Chad, and Darfur-Sudan, statistics based on 1 300 wells.

Hidden watertable detected by WATEX: red and white patches reveal buried water targets ready for drilling with renewable reserves. Black surfaces are totally dry. Groundwater maps delivered now in a GPS Radar Technologies France is now delivering a hand-held GPS loaded with all required ground water target maps and fractures ready for drilling, extracted from WATEX© radar images. This high technology tool called Mystick will lead any inexperienced drilling operator to the right location of buried aquifers and fractures in a friendly user manner, without using any map on the field.

Radar Technologies France. Siège 8 Place Crémieux, 13150, Tarascon .France. Tel : (33)622 99 06 22 Email : [email protected] CONFIDENTAIL AND PERSONAL Page 4