The Project on the Role of Fish in Food and Nutrition Security in Developing Countries: Focus on Combating Micronutrient Deficiencies.

IFReDI/ DoF, # 186 Norodom Blvd., Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Tel: (855)-23-224710

Report on the Food and Nutritional Training Workshops in Cambodia

Conducted by the Project on the Role of Fish in Food and Nutrition Security in Developing Countries, IFReDI/DoF, Cambodia in the Framework of the Capacity Building Training Programme with support from the Government of Denmark

By

Chhoun Chamnan and Buoy Roitana

June 2005

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I- BACKGROUND 2

II- OVERAL OBJECTIVE 3

III- THE ACHIEVED TRAINING COURSES 3

1- The Training Course on "Nutrient Content in Fish and other Foods" 3 1-1 Objectives of the Training Course 3 1-2 Venue and Date 3 1-3 Participants 4 1-4 Training Agenda and Activities 4 1-4 Course Evaluation 6

2- The Training Course on "Food Consumption: Dietary Assessment Methods" 7 2-1 Objectives of the Training Course 7 2-2 Venue and Date 7 2-3 Participants 7 2-4 Training Agenda and Activities 7 2-5 Course Evaluation 9

IV. OUTCOME 9

V .CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9

VI. ANNEXES 10

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I- BACKGROUND

The project on "the role of fish in food and nutrition security in developing countries: focus on combating micronutrient deficiencies" was established since September, 2004. This project is a collaborative research and capacity building project which initially formulated by the Department of Human Nutrition, the Royal University of Agriculture and Veterinary of Denmark (KVL) in collaboration with the international partner institutions in Cambodia and Bangladesh. In Cambodia, the Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute (IFReDI) has been selected to be a partner institution for implementing this project which being supported to integrate food and nutrition security aspects in their research agenda.

According to the strategic plan resulted from the preparatory workshop held at IFReDI, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on 9th – 10th September 2003 were identified the support to enhanced research capacity building need of IFReDI will be in the fields of: A) Human resource development B) Physical research capacity through the supply of minor equipment for field surveys and laboratory analyses C) Links to the international research environment and relevant networks

The short-term trainings are a part of the activities plan of the project in the framework of a research and capacity building programme (Human Resource Development) which primarily aimed to enhance the capacity of the Cambodian fisheries staff to increase understanding of food and nutrition security in fisheries researches. As the proposed activities plan, there are three training courses will be provided in respond to the needs for the running project:

1- The training course on " Nutrient Contents in Fish and other Foods"

2- The training course on " Food Consumption: Dietary Assessment Methods"

3- The training supporting the socioeconomic valuation of fish resources in term of contribution to food security.

The first short term training course "Nutrient Contents in Fish and other Foods" has been conducted in order to provide the principle knowledge on the introduction to food and nutrition in developing countries, methodologies of nutrient contents analyses, and practical application of laboratory experiments. The second training course on “Food Consumption: Dietary Assessment Methods” has also been conducted in order to provide the knowledge on the practical approach to food and nutrition security included survey methodologies, and particularly to plan and conduct food consumption surveys.

The outcome of the trainings is expected to help developing the research protocol as well as implementing the project and also to enhance human resource development of the involved staff for working in the field researches in food and nutrition security.

The participation of the training courses was from the staff of the Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute (IFReDI), provincial fisheries officers from Battambong, Kampong Chhang, Prey Veng province, students from the Royal University of Agriculture, Chamkar Doung, and the resource persons from the Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Arslev, Denmark. 2

II- OVERALL OBJECTIVE

The overall objective of the training courses is to enhance human resource capacity of the Cambodian fisheries staff in order to work in the field of food and nutrition security.

III- THE ACHIEVED TRAINING COURSES

1- The Training Course on "Nutrient Contents in Fish and other Foods"

1-1 Objectives of the Training Course

Referring to the main task of research capacity building activities of the project is to provide short-term training courses in the field of food and nutrition security to the involved fisheries staff of IFReDI. Therefore, the training course on "nutrient contents in fish and other foods" was mainly focused on the following objectives:

¾ To introduce the knowledge on food and nutrition security in developing countries

¾ To strengthen human resource capacity of the Cambodian fisheries staff for working in the field of food and nutrition security, in particularly simple laboratory analyses and advanced field survey

1-2 Venue and Date

The training course on “Nutrient Contents in Fish and other Foods” was organized by the Denmark-Cambodia collaborative project on “The Role of Fish in Food and Nutrition Security in Developing Countries: Focus in Combating Micronutrient Deficiencies” with financial support from the Government of Denmark. The training was held at the Inland Research and Development Institute (IFReDI), Department of Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia from 13 to 17 June 2005.

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1-2 Participants

The training course on "Nutrient Contents in Fish and other Foods" which was held on 13-17 June, 2005 at the inland fisheries research and development institute (IFReDI), Phnom Penh was officially opened by Director of IFReDI and was instructed by a resource person, Dr. Ulla Kidmose from the Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Arslev, Denmark.

There were totally 19 participants attended in this training course (Annex-1). The trainees were identified and selected according to their educational background and work experience. There were 8 trainees were identified and selected from different divisions of the inland fisheries research and development institute (IFReDI), and three were identified and selected from different provinces: one from the fisheries office of Kampong Chang province, one from the fisheries office of Prey Veng province, one from the fisheries office of Battambang province, and the other two trainees are students from the Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

1-4 Training Agenda and Activities

In response to the objectives of the training course, the agenda has been conducted in two major activities as follows:

A- Lectures

The programme for the lectures have been prepared in relation to nutrient content in fish and other foods which covered from basic concept to nutritional techniques by focusing on the following major subjects:

a- General Introduction of Food and nutrition security in developing countries:

The history of nutritional status and its consequences happened to the poor population in many developing countries have been introduced. In relation to fishery statistics and overview of policy and plan for strengthening of fishery statistical system in Cambodia was also provided. The importance of nutrient analysis in foods has been briefly introduced in relation with basic concept of fisheries management and different models of fish stock assessment to understand linkages between data and information collection and management requirements were provided.

c- Food Composition Data: The basic concepts of selection of nutrients/compounds in foods and the purposes of using and recommendations from food composition tables were introduced. The relationship of human requirement/recommendation, physiological studies, food composition data, food consumption data, and food analyses were also provided.

d- Principle for conservation of samples to avoid chemical changes between sampling and analysis: Effect of processing and cooking on nutrients: Basic sampling and survey design including sampling techniques, materials and forms was provided.

e- Sampling methods: Four methods of sampling using for nutrient composition databases were introduced. The detail explanation of sampling procedure of each method and the choice of selected methods for conducting researches were also added. 4

f- Choice of analytical methods and assuring the quality of analytical data:

3 methods were introduced to the course: the collaborative studies involving several laboratories adopted by international and organization or applicable to a worldwide range of food types and matrices. There are several validations of the chosen method such as reliability, applicability, specificity, accuracy, precision, detectability, sensitivity and robustness was also taken into consideration.

g- Method for preparation of foods for analysis:

How much? How? Were the questions for consideration? The selection of the sample as segregated lot or mixed lot? and how to make heterogeneous food sample into homogeneous food sample was the principle of this lecture.

B- Practical Exercises

a- Screening of Most Commonly Used Fish Species:

The participants were divided into 3 groups, in order to discuss and make a tentative list of Cambodian fish species of the most common used in daily consumed dishes. It was recommended to screen 15 to 20 fish species (Annex-5) and only the top- 10 fish species were listed. This procedure provides the knowledge on how to select and make classification of food items.

b- Cooking Practice of Cambodian Dishes:

All participants were assigned to prepare the most commonly used dish to perform in order to discuss and make a tentative list of Cambodian food composition in relation to a food composition table in order to understand how to use and compare with the food composition table. Cambodian sour soup was selected for demonstration. The cooking materials including ingredients were purchased from local market. The cooking practice has been performed by all participants, and the introduction to the procedure of cooking procedure was given clearly by the instructor in order to lead the participants to be able to prepare their cooking protocol and present the results. All food compositions were weighted and recorded by following up the cooking procedure. Each group presented the results from cooking experiment. Dry soup was package for analysis in Denmark.

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c- Practical Experiment on Drying Matters:

Third and forth day, each group was assigned to prepare samples for determination of dry matter contents from selected fishes. Each group had to decide to choose two species to be prepared for drying matters. Group 1 selected two species of snakehead with scientific name (Channa Striata) and Clarias macrocephalus; Group 2 selected two species of Barbodes gonionotus and Henicorhynchus Siamensis; whereas Group 3 selected two species of Clarias batrackhus and Mystus nemurus.

This is a classic practical experiment that provides a very good knowledge to the participants to increase understanding of laboratory works. All the participants followed up the procedure carefully provided by the instructor. Fishes were cut into the small units as shown in below picture, weigh and put in the oven at 80 degree Celsius for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the samples were getting out of the oven, weight again and calculated for analysis and package for laboratory in Denmark. The results were presented by each group. The participants were also calculated the sample size and the coefficient of variation.

1- 5 Course Evaluation

At the end of the training course, the evaluation sheet was provided to the participants. The result from the evaluation was generally good and excellence (Annex- 3). Based on the evaluation sheet, it is shown that the training course provides a very important knowledge of both theories and practical works in relation to the field of food and nutrition security in developing countries. The participants were clearly understood both lectures and exercises. The course instruction was performed with very skillful, very simple, easily to understand, most exercises reflect to all lectures (the participants were willing to do home work, when there were not enough time at the class). The result from the evaluation sheet showed that 50% evaluated the course was very good, and 42% evaluated the course was excellent, and only 8% evaluated the course was not so important for them. Moreover, the evaluation has also proven that the participants have fully satisfied with the course organization, course facilities and teaching materials, venue including their accommodation.

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2- THE TRAINING ON " FOOD CONSUMPTION: DIETARY ASSESSMENT METHODS"

2-1 Objectives

The main objectives of the training course are: ¾ To enhance human resource capacity of the fisheries staff at IFReDI to integrate food and nutrition security in fisheries research. ¾ To prepare the participants to contribute to plan and conduct dietary assessment surveys.

2-2 Venue and Date

The training course on "Food Consumption: Dietary Assessment Methods" was conducted at the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Battambang province from 20 to 24 June 2005.

2-3 Participants The training course on " Food Consumption: Dietary Assessment Methods" which was held on 20-24 June, 2005 at the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Battambang province was officially opened by Deputy-director of IFReDI and instructed by the resource person, Dr. Johanna Haralddottir, from the Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Arslev, Denmark.

There were totally 17 participants attended in this training course (Annex-2). The trainees were selected the same persons attended in the previous training course: there were 8 fisheries staff from different divisions of the inland fisheries research and development institute (IFReDI), and fisheries officers from different provinces: one as vice-chief of the fisheries office of Kampong Chang province, one vice-chief of the fisheries office of Prey Veng province, one officer from the fisheries office of Battambang province, and the other two trainees are students from the Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

2-4 Training Agenda and Activities The agenda of the training course had two major activities:

A- Lectures The teaching curriculum was prepared in order to answer to the objectives which covered the major subjects as follows:

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a- Methods for assessing dietary intake: Introduction to the course and presentation of the methods has been provided. The course was introduced the principle methods used for dietary assessment which focused on the measurement of consumption at 3 different levels. Advantage and disadvantages of the different methodologies used was also briefly given. b- Selection of a method for a certain survey and collection of data for this project in Cambodia The research question was posed: why an intake survey is included in this project and what is the Cambodia intake data are going be used for? and the background information of the project has also been provided. This is the most difficult and critical issue that has been highlighted in order to achieve the expected output of the training objectives. The aim was to provide the ideas for preparing the research protocol for the running project. c- Handling of intake data. Foods and nutrients Preparation, resources and tools needed, Nutrient intake calculation in a large survey are needed, nutrient content information (as a database), a computer programme for calculating nutrient intake; a statistical programme (e.g. SPSS) for handling the data and statistical analyses and skilled personnel specifically trained for the task, those have been introduced in the course. d- Interpretation of dietary intake data: Use and misuse of intake data and reference values for evaluating adequacy of nutrient intake were introduced. The principle of data used and limitation when compared intakes with recommended intakes from the standard table was also covered. e- Planning a dietary intake survey: The aim was to provide the idea on what need to be clarified before being selected the most suitable method for a certain survey includes survey objectives, population size, resources and practical circumstances. Type of dietary information, basic questionnaire to be answered, data analysis and evaluation of the nutrient intake were also presented. Survey protocol: content and preparatory work the principle of the planning a dietary intake survey are preparation of the project activities (Objectives, design, plan, research protocol, establishment databases, software programmes etc.), testing of method and equipment and training of some field workers. Pilot study is needed in order to test: sampling, procedure, data collection, data handling, and data interpretation were also highlighted in the course.

B- Practical Exercises The first exercises, participants were divided into groups by pairs for an interview each others a 24-hour dietary called yesterday recall, and the second day, did

8 a 2 months recall food frequency sheet by them selves. In the 3rd day, the participants did weight food record by themselves, but only dinner was selected as an example instead of the whole meal (3 meals per day). The 4th day, the participants worked with the data sheet, as an example of raw data from Bangladesh and interpret the results. All the exercises were presented by individual and sum-up by the course coordinators. The exercises played very importance role to the course, Its reflected to the lectures more clear and easy to understand.

2- 5 Course Evaluation

Based on the evaluation sheet shows that it is similar to the first training course, all participants were satisfied and interested in attending the course. The participants have evaluated very high score for this course (Annex-4). In general, it is proven that the participants were able to follow up the course instruction in both theory and practical exercises.

According to the results from the evaluation sheet has shown that 58% of the participants evaluated the course was very good and useful, 42% of the participants evaluated the course was excellent in all levels. Moreover, the participants have fully satisfied with the course organization, course facilities and teaching materials, venue including their accommodation.

VI. OUTCOME

In respond to the expected output of the proposed research capacity building activities plan of the project, both training courses have provided very good outcomes as follows: ¾ Principle knowledge on food and nutrition security has been provided ¾ Human resource capacity of the identified fisheries staff for working with research in food and nutrition security has been enhanced. ¾ The conceptual framework for preparing the research protocol has also been improved and being developed

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V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Through both training courses, it can be concluded and recommended as following points:

- The training courses were conducted at very high quality standard and provided very good outcomes which responded successfully to the objectives for enhancing the capacity of human resource development, especially for the IFReDI's staff.

- All of the participants have proven that they are very interested in the subjects provided in both training courses which allowed them to easily understand and take up the knowledge to integrate with fisheries researches.

- The motivation of participants in attending the training courses is very strongly impressed and remarked. During group or plenary discussion, most of the participants raised up questions in exchanging the ideas from their work experience leading the discussion more critical and fruitful results.

- It is recommended that more training courses are needed. The further training courses on food and nutrition security should be longer time schedule, Khmer translation is needed, and taking place in different provinces. The contents should be covered more related subjects, and provided more examples in theories and more practical exercises. The documentations including hangouts should be improved and translated in Khmer. The laboratory practical works should be also increased and the laboratory facilities should be developed and well-equipped so that after training the trainees can practice all the time. Study trips should be also provided and included in the training programme.

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Annex-1: List of participants attended at the Training on “Nutrient Contents in Foods” held on 13-17 June, 2005 at IFReDI, Cambodia

N0 Name Position and address

1 Mr. Srun Limsong Director of IFReDI 2 Mr. Lieng Sopha Deputy Director of IFReDI 3 Dr. Chhoun Chamnan Project Manager, IFReDI, 4 Dr. Ulla Kidmose Lecturer, Department of Food Science, Denmark 5 Mr. Buoy Roitana Senior Officer, Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 6 Mr. Him Bunthay Officer, Administrative Unit, IFReDI 7 Ms. Sim Thavary Officer , Administrative Unit, IFReDI 8 Ms. Hing Sopheavy Officer , Administrative Unit, IFReDI 9 Mr. Sen Ratha Officer , Administrative Unit, IFReDI 10 Mr. Seng Leang Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 11 Mr. Heng Sophearith Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 12 Mr. Lieng Sareun Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 13 Mr. Leng Sam Ath Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 14 Mr. Meas Vicheth Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 15 Mr. Troeung Roth Battambong provincial fisheries officer 16 Mr. Aun Sinath Prey Veng provincial fisheries officer 17 Mr. Prak Leang Hour Kampong Chhnang provincial fisheries officer 18 Mr. Meas Sorphorn Student , Royal University of Agriculture 19 Mr. Leang Punlork Student , Royal University of Agriculture

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Annex-2: List of participants attended at the Training on “Dietary Assessment Methods” held on 20-24 June in Battambang province, Cambodia

N0 Name Position and address

1 Mr. Lieng Sopha Deputy Director of IFReDI 2 Dr. Chhoun Chamnan Project Manager, IFReDI, 3 Dr. Johanna Lecturer, Department of Food Science, Denmark 3 Mr. Buoy Roitana Senior Officer, Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 4 Mr. Him Bunthay Officer, Administrative Unit, IFReDI 5 Ms. Sim Thavary Officer , Administrative Unit, IFReDI 6 Ms. Hing Sopheavy Officer , Administrative Unit, IFReDI 7 Mr. Sen Ratha Officer , Administrative Unit, IFReDI 8 Mr. Seng Leang Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 9 Mr. Heng Sophearith Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 10 Mr. Lieng Sareun Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 11 Mr. Leng Sam Ath Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 12 Mr. Meas Vicheth Officer , Socio-Economic Unit, IFReDI 13 Mr. Troeung Roth Battambong provincial fisheries officer 14 Mr. Aun Sinath Prey Veng provincial fisheries officer 15 Mr. Prak Leang Hour Kampong Chhnang provincial fisheries officer 16 Mr. Meas Sorphorn Student , Royal University of Agriculture 17 Mr. Leang Punlork Student , Royal University of Agriculture

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Annex-3: EVALUATION FOR THE TRAINING ON "NUTRIENT CONTENTS IN FISH AND OTHER FOODS"

Evaluation list Excellent Good Poor 1. Lecture interest a. Lectures easy or difficult to understand (English) 2 11 - b. Scientific level of the lectures (too high/too low, medium, ok?) 4 9 - c. The scientific level of the participants in relation to the training 4 10 - course? 2. Exercises a. Exercises are ok? Are they relevant in relation to your work? 8 5 - b. Should other exercises be included during the trainee? 7 5 1 c. Time schedule for the experiments (too long/ too short) 1 10 2 3. Theory a. Is the theory lectures OK? 6 7 - b. Should other issues be included? 4 7 - c. Should some issues be excluded? 4 5 2 d. Time schedule for the theory? 7 6 5 4. The training course in general a. Accommodations: are the accommodations OK? 13 2 - b. The place of the training course (IFReDI) 13 1 - c. Facilities/teaching materials 1 1 4 d. Time schedule 5 8 - Total 42% 50% 8% 5. Other comments for improvement of the training course. Please write down. Longer training period, more training, time schedule More examples in the theory, more excises, improved handouts

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Annex-4: EVALUATION FOR THE TRAINING ON "FOOD CONSUMPTION: DIETARY ASSESSMENT METHODS"

Please answer the below questions Evaluation Score Excellent Good Poor 1. Lecture interest a. Content of the lectures 9 3 b. Time schedule 6 6 c. Scientific level of the lecture 4 8 d. Course instruction 6 6 e. Understand from the lecture (the knowledge you gained 1 11 from the course) f. English improvement ( English language you improved 4 8 during class) 2- Practical Exercises Number of exercises. Was it enough or too short or too long? 1 10 1 a. The knowledge you gained from the practical exercises 4 8 during the training? c. Are they relevant in relation to your work? 10 2 3- The training course in general a. Facilities/teaching materials 5 7 b. Accommodations 8 4 c. Venue of the training course (Provincial Department ) 2 10 d. Social environment 5 7

TOTAL 65 90 1

Percentage (%) 42% 58% 0%

4. What the most important thing that you learned from the course. Please describe!

5. Other comments for improvement of the training course. Please write down.

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Annex-5: LIST OF SELECTIVE SCREENING OF THE CAMBODIAN COMMON CONSUMED FISH SPECIES

Group I Nº Khmer Names English Names Scientific Names 1 Trey Raws -Snakeheads -Channa marulius -Channa stiata 2 Trey Chhdaur Giant Snakeheads -Channa micropeltes 3 Trey Andaing Roueng Walking Catfish -Clarias batrachus Trey Andaing Afrik N/A -Clarias gariepinus Trey Andaing Toun Broadhead Catfish -Clarias macrocephalus -Clarias meladerma Trey Andaing ngaing N/A -Clarias nieuhofi 4 Trey Kanchos Kdaung N/A -Heterobagrus bocouri Trey Kanchos Thmor Asian Bumblebee -Leiochassis siamensis Trey Kanchos Chhnoht Catfish -Mystus atrifasciatus Trey Kanchos Bay N/A -Mystus albolineatus Trey Kanchos N/A -Mystus singaringan N/A -Mystus micracanthus Trey Kanchos Chhnoht -Mystus multiradiatus N/A -Mystus mysticetus Trey Kanchos -Mystus rhegma N/A -Mystus wolffi -Mystus.sp.cf.wolffi 5 Trey Riel -Henicorhynchus Trey Riel Awng Kam N/A caudimaculatus Trey Riel Tob N/A -Henicorhynchus cryptopogon 6 Trey Chhlang Thmor N/A -Henicorhynchus siamensis Trey Chhlang N/A -Mystus wicki N/A -Mystus nemurus 7 Trey Chhpin -Leiocasis stemomus Trey Chhpin Goldfin Tinfoil barb -Hypsibarbus malcolmi N/A -Hypsibarbus lagleri -Hypsibarbus pierrei Trey Chhpin Meas -Hypsibarbus suvattis Trey Chhpin Krahorm N/A -Hypsibarbus sp.cf.vernayi Trey Chhpin Prak N/A -Hypsibarbus wetmorei 8 Trey Chrakaing Tawes -Barbodes gonionotus N/A -Puntioplites salcifer -Puntioplites proctozysron -Puntioplites waandersi 9 Trey Kranh Srai -Puntioplites sp.cf.waandersi 10 Trey Chhlonh Chnoht Climbing Perch -Anabas testudineus 11 Trey Klang Hay Peacock Eel -Macrognathus siamensis 12 Trey Kes Prak N/A -Belodontichthys dinema Glass Catfish -Kryptoptirus bicirrhis Trey Kes N/A -Kryptoptirus limpok N/A -Micronema apogon N/A -Micronema bleekeri 13 Trey Kamplieu N/A -Micronema micronema N/A -Kryptoterus schilbeides 15

-Kryptoterus moorei Trey Kamplieu Khlanh -Kryptoterus hexapterus Trey Kamplieu Snoeung N/A -Kryptoterus cryptopterus 14 Trey Ach Kok N/A -Kryptoterus cheveyi 15 Trey Krawlang N/A -Dangila spilopleura N/A -Cirrhinus microlepis 16 Trey Kan Trawb -Cirrhinus mrigala 17 Trey Ta Aun Kissing gourami -Helostoma temmincki N/A -Ompok kypophthalmus 18 Trey Po -Ompok sp.cf.eugeneiatus Trey Po Pruy N/A -Pangasius larnaudiei 19 Trey Pra N/A -Pangasius sanitwongsei N/A -Pangasius krempfi Trey Pra Ke -Pangasius djambal Trey Pra Kchau N/A -Pangasius conchophilus Trey Pra N/A -Pangasius bocourti Trey Pra Kandor Iridescent Shark-catfish -Pangas ianodon N/A hypophthalmus -Helicophagus waandersi

Group II Nº Khmer Names English Names Scientific Names 1 Trey Riel N/A -Henicorhynchus Trey Riel Awng Kam caudimaculatus Trey Riel Tob -Henicorhynchus cryptopogon 2 Trey Kawm Phleanh Phluk Moonlight gourami -Henicorhynchus siamensis Trey Kawm Phleanh Threespot gourami -Trichogaster microlepis 3 Samria N/A -Trichogaster trichopterus 4 Trey Kranh Srai Snakeheads -Anabas testudineus Trey Raws -Channa marulius -Channa stiata Trey Kanchos Kdaung Asian Bumblebee Catfish -Heterobagrus bocouri Trey Kanchos Thmor N/A -Leiochassis siamensis Trey Kanchos Chhnoht N/A -Mystus atrifasciatus Trey Kanchos Bay N/A -Mystus albolineatus Trey Kanchos -Mystus singaringan N/A -Mystus micracanthus Trey Kanchos Chhnoht -Mystus multiradiatus 5 N/A -Mystus mysticetus Trey Kanchos -Mystus rhegma -Mystus wolffi 6 Peacock Eel -Mystus.sp.cf.wolffi 7 Trey Chhlonh Chnoht Goldfin Tinfoil barb -Macrognathus siamensis Trey Chhpin N/A -Hypsibarbus malcolmi Trey Chhpin -Hypsibarbus lagleri -Hypsibarbus pierrei N/A -Hypsibarbus suvattis Trey Chhpin Meas N/A -Hypsibarbus sp.cf.vernayi Trey Chhpin Krahorm Tawes -Hypsibarbus wetmorei 8 Trey Chhpin Prak N/A -Barbodes gonionotus Trey Changwa Ronaung N/A -Lobocleios Melanotaenia Trey Changwa Chuhn N/A -Crossocheilus Reticulatus 16

Chuak N/A -Danio Aequipinnatus TreyChangwa Striped flying barb -Esomus Longimanus Trey Changwa Plieng Apollo Sharkminnow -Esomus Mtallicus Trey Changwa Plieng Pale Rasbora -Luciosoma Setigerum Trey Changwa Ronaung Stoplight Rasbora -Rasbora Aurotaenia Trey Changwa Mool Blackinge rasbora -Rasbora Sp. Cf. Beauforti Trey Changwa Srawlung Greater Scissortail -Rasbora Borapetensis Slender Rasbora -Rasbora Caudimaculata Trey Changwa Poht Rosefin Rasbora -Rasbora Damiconius Trey Changwa Chhnoht Lambelop Rasbora -Rasbora Dusonensis Trey Changwa N/A -Rasbora Espei Trey Changwa Chnoht Silver Rasbora -Rasbora Hobelmani Trey Changwa Red-ling Rasbora -Rasbora Myersi N/A -Rasbora Pauciperforata Sidestrip Rasbora -Rasbora Paucisquamis Trey Changwa Chhnoht Dwarf Scissortail -Rasbora Paviei Rasbora -Rasbora Spilocerca Trey Changwa Poht Yellowtail Rasbora -Rasbora Tornieri Trey Changwa Mool Scissortail Rasbora -Rasbora Trillincata 9 Trey Changwa Poht Least Rasbora -Rasbora Urophthalmoides Trey Changwa Chhnoht Walking Catfish -Clarias batrachus Trey Andaing Roueng N/A -Clarias gariepinus Trey Andaing Afrik Broadhead Catfish -Clarias macrocephalus Trey Andaing Toun -Clarias meladerma 10 N/A -Clarias nieuhofi Trey Andaing ngaing N/A -Mystus wicki Trey Chhlang Thmor N/A -Mystus nemurus 11 Trey Chhlang -Leiocasis stemomus N/A -Albulichthys Albaloides Trey Chhkok Tituy N/A -Cyclocheilichthys Enomplos 12 Trey Chhkok N/A -Cyclocheilichthys Furcatus Trey Chhkok Ploeung N/A -Cirrhinus Microlepis 13 Trey Proul -Cirrhinus mrigala 14 Snakeskin Gourami -Trichogaster Pectoralis 15 Trey Kanthor Marbled Sleeper -Oxyeleotris Marmorata 16 Trey Damrey Giant Snakeheads -Channa Micropeltes Trey Chhdaur N/A -Ompok kypophthalmus 17 Trey Ta Aun -Ompok sp.cf.eugeneiatus Glass Catfish -Kryptoptirus bicirrhis Trey Kes Prak N/A -Kryptoptirus limpok N/A -Micronema apogon Trey Kes N/A -Micronema bleekeri 18 N/A -Micronema micronema 19 N/A -Belodontichthys dinema Trey Klang Hay N/A N/A Trey Krawpat

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Group III Nº Khmer Names English Names Scientific Names 1 Trey Chhdaur Giant Snakeheads -Channa micropeltes 2 Trey Raws Snakeheads -Channa marulius -Channa stiata 3 Trey Chrakaing N/A -Puntioplites salcifer -Puntioplites proctozysron -Puntioplites waandersi -Puntioplites sp.cf.waandersi 4 Trey Andaing Roueng Walking Catfish -Clarias batrachus Trey Andaing Afrik N/A -Clarias gariepinus Trey Andaing Toun Broadhead Catfish -Clarias macrocephalus -Clarias meladerma Trey Andaing ngaing N/A -Clarias nieuhofi 5 Trey Kanchos Kdaung N/A -Heterobagrus bocouri Trey Kanchos Thmor Asian Bumblebee Catfish -Leiochassis siamensis Trey Kanchos Chhnoht N/A -Mystus atrifasciatus Trey Kanchos Bay N/A -Mystus albolineatus Trey Kanchos N/A -Mystus singaringan -Mystus micracanthus Trey Kanchos Chhnoht N/A -Mystus multiradiatus -Mystus mysticetus Trey Kanchos N/A -Mystus rhegma -Mystus wolffi -Mystus.sp.cf.wolffi 6 Trey Riel N/A -Henicorhynchus Trey Riel Awng Kam N/A caudimaculatus Trey Riel Tob N/A -Henicorhynchus cryptopogon 7 Trey Kranh Srai Climbing Perch -Henicorhynchus siamensis 8 Trey Chhpin Goldfin Tinfoil barb -Anabas testudineus Trey Chhpin N/A -Hypsibarbus malcolmi -Hypsibarbus lagleri -Hypsibarbus pierrei Trey Chhpin Meas N/A -Hypsibarbus suvattis Trey Chhpin Krahorm N/A -Hypsibarbus sp.cf.vernayi Trey Chhpin Prak Tawes -Hypsibarbus wetmorei 9 Trey Krum N/A -Barbodes gonionotus 10 Trey Chhlang Thmor N/A -Osteochilus melanopleurus Trey Chhlang N/A -Mystus wicki -Mystus nemurus 11 Trey Chhkok Tituy N/A -Leiocasis stemomus Trey Chhkok N/A -Albulichthys Albaloides Trey Chhkok Ploeung N/A -Cyclocheilichthys Enomplos 12 Trey Andat Chhke N/A -Cyclocheilichthys Furcatus -Achiroides leucorhynchos -Achiroides melanorhynchus -Euryglossa harmandi Trey Andat Chhke Veng N/A -Euryglossa orientalis Trey Andat Chhke Mekong Blind Sold -Euryglossa tanoides Four-Line Tonguesole -Typhlachirus elongatus Gangetic Tonguesole -Cynoglosus bilineatus River Tonguesole -Cynoglosus Cynoglosus 18

Long Tonguesole -Cynoglosus feldmanni Smallscale Tonguesole -Cynoglosus lingua Mottled Tonguesole -Cynoglosus microlepis N/A -Cynoglosus punticeps 13 Trey Klang Hay N/A -Cynoglosus trulla 14 Trey Po N/A -Belodontichthys dinema Trey Po Pruy N/A -Pangasius larnaudiei 15 Trey Pra N/A -Pangasius sanitwongsei -Pangasius krempfi Trey Pra Ke N/A -Pangasius djambal Trey Pra Kchau N/A -Pangasius conchophilus Trey Pra Iridescent Shark-catfish -Pangasius bocourti Trey Pra Kandor N/A -Pangas ianodon 16 Trey Kamplieu N/A hypophthalmus -Helicophagus waandersi -Kryptoterus schilbeides Trey Kamplieu Khlanh N/A -Kryptoterus moorei Trey Kamplieu Snoeung N/A -Kryptoterus hexapterus 17 Trey Tanel N/A -Kryptoterus cryptopterus 18 Trey Damrey Marbled Sleeper -Kryptoterus cheveyi 19 Trey Sanday N/A -Mystus filamentus 20 Trey Kes Prak Glass Catfish -Oxyeleotris Marmorata N/A -Wallago atty Trey Kes N/A -Kryptoptirus bicirrhis N/A -Kryptoptirus limpok N/A -Micronema apogon -Micronema bleekeri -Micronema micronema

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