DOCSLIB.ORG

Clarias Batrachus (Siluriformes, Clariidae) in Madura Island, Indonesia 1Ihwan, 2Fajar S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Clarias Batrachus (Siluriformes, Clariidae) in Madura Island, Indonesia 1Ihwan, 2Fajar S Presence of Asian catfish Clarias batrachus (Siluriformes, Clariidae) in Madura Island, Indonesia 1Ihwan, 2Fajar S. Pratama, 3Danang Yonarta, 4Abdul R. Faqih, 4Maheno S. Widodo, 5Fitri S. Valen, 5Muhammad B. Tamam, 5,6Veryl Hasan 1 Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Bone, Aquaculture Technology Study Program, Bone, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; 2 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia, Directorate General of Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance, Tual Surveillance for Marine and Fisheries Resources Base, Tual, Maluku, Indonesia; 3 Study Programe of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya, Palembang- Prabumulih street, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra, Indonesia; 4 Brawijaya University, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Aquatic Resources Management Department, Veteran Malang, East Java, Indonesia; 5 Biology Generation Indonesia Foundation, Zoology Division, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia; 6 Airlangga University, Fisheries and Marine Faculty, Fish Health Management and Aquaculture Department, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Corresponding author: V. Hasan, [email protected] Abstract. Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) was a species that its condition faced the risk of extinction in most parts the Java mainland due to the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) culture industry. In September 2018, C. batrachus was captured and photographed in the Saroka River, Madura Island, east and of Java mainland. The morphological characters of this species confirm its presence in a new river, more than 150 km northeast from its type locality. The specimens of C. batrachus were characterized as follows: dorsal fin rays 60-66; anal fin rays 47-50; pectoral fin rays 9-11; ventral fin rays 6. Key Words: walking catfish, distribution, native fish, freshwater fish. Introduction. Indonesia archipelago, Malay Paninsula and Indochina are still connected as a broad land called Sundaland at last glacial era (Sathiamurthy & Voris 2006). In the region there are many large rivers that are connected to each other from Southeast Asia to the Java Sea (Voris 2000). As a consequence of the raised sea level (Andaman Sea, South China Sea and Java Sea), Sundaland was divided into several archipelago (Hanebuth et al 2000). This has resulted in the spread of several freshwater fish which were isolated due to geological changes (van Bemmelen 1949). One of the native species on Sundaland is the Asian catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758). C. batrachus is one of the 48 species of catfish family Clariidae in the world (Ng 2004). After the last glacial era, C. batrachus was spread in Southest Asia and Indonesia Archipelago (Roberts 1993; Kottelat 2001). The introduction of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) into Indonesia was between 1986 and 1989 (Cambray 2005), wich caused C. batrachus to be threatened in many its habitats (Hossain et al 2006), including on Java. In this paper, we report the presence of C. batrachus on Saroka River, Madura Island, east end of Java mainland, which increases knowledge of the previously known distribution range of this species. AACL Bioflux, 2020, Volume 13, Issue 2. 958 http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl Material and Method The fish sampling and description of the study sites. Eight specimens of C. batrachus were obtained from a local fisherman during a fieldwork carried out on 22-23 March, 2019 in the Saroka River (7°02'21"S, 113°46'35"E) (Figure 1). Administratively, the site is located in Sumenep Regency, Madura Island, Indonesia. The fishing gear used by the fisherman was a medium hook and the used bait were earthworms (Stein et al 2012). Figure 1. Saroka River, the fishing site of Clarias batrachus (original). Fish identification. In order to ensure the validity of the species, the fin radius and morphological characters analysis of C. batrachus was carried out based on Weber & de Beafort (1913). Results and Discussion First record. The 8 live specimens of C. batrachus had a total length between 18.8 and 25.3 cm. Two of them were used as preserved specimens in 10% formalin (Hasan et al 2019) solution and deposited at the Zoology Laboratroy, Generasi Biologi Indonesia Foundation (GBI00022) (Figure 2). Figure 2. Specimen of Clarias batrachus GBI00022 captured on 23 March 2019 in Saroka River, Madura Island (original). AACL Bioflux, 2020, Volume 13, Issue 2. 959 http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl The remained six individuals were kept as livestock at the Fish Reproduction Laboratory, Brawijaya University, Malang Indonesia. The six live individuals were transported in styrofoam box with aerator. Diagnosis. C. batrachus is distinguished from the other species, having transverse rows of light spots along the sides of the body. Other specific morphological characters are as follows: dark above, belly and underside of the head is light in color; maxillary barbels at least to middle of pectorals, a little shorter mandibular barbels pectorals; nasal barbels extend to occipital fontanel, equal to mental barbels. Spine more or less denticulated and it has same length or longer than the postorbital part of the head. Ventrals rounded, extending on anal. All of these characters were found in specimen of C. batrachus from Saroka River, Madura Island. In the present study, fin radius variation of specimens was detected (Table 1). Table 1 Comparison of fin radius of Clarias batrachus from Saroka River, Madura Island with C. batrachus from the study of Weber & de Beaufort (1913) Saroka River Weber & de Beaufort (1913) Parameter Min-Max Min-Max Dorsal fin rays 62-64 60-76 Anal fin rays 47-48 47-58 Pectoral fin rays 10-11 9-12 Ventral fin rays 6 6 Distribution on Java. West Java: Batavia, Bekassi, Buitenzorg, Serang, Cianjur, Cipanas, Bandung, Cirebon. Central Java: Samarang, Ambarawa, Wonosobo. East Java: Ngantang, Grati, Malang, Tulungagung, Jember (Weber & de Beaufort 1913; Ng and Kottelat 2008). Saroka River, Sumenep Regency, Madura Island is the first record of this species beyond its type locality and represents the easterly extension of previously known distribution about 170 km (Figure 3). C. batrachus still exists on Madura Island because there is no record of C. gariepinus intensive culture in the region. The introduction of C. gariepinus to mainlad of Java made many native freshwater fish threatened because the entry of new competitor and one of the potentially eliminated species was C. batrachus. Having the same space and type of food made C. batrachus which was smaller than C. gariepinus unable to compete (Britton et al 2007). C. batrachus had a unique spawning habit, in which males and females would pair up, made nests and treated their fry, whereas C. gariepinus could spawn without choosing pairs and produce more fry (Thakur 1976). For a native fish, new records are important contributions for understanding the species biogeography (Iqbal et al 2017). The present study new record of C. batrachus reported in Madura Island, has helped to improve the knowledge of the species as it extends the distribution range of the species further east. The presence of C. batrachus on Madura Island could be caused by the fact that Madura Island was being connected to Sundaland at last glacial era, then being cut off and isolated due to rising sea levels (Hall 2013). AACL Bioflux, 2020, Volume 13, Issue 2. 960 http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl Figure 3. A. Location of Java in Indonesia. B. Known distribution of Clarias batrachus. Java mainland = type locality; Madura Island = additional locality; black triangle = Saroka River, Sumenep Regency. Conclusions. C. batrachus is a native catfish that is not only spread in the Java mainland, but this species also exists in the Madura Island which extends the distribution about 170 km from its type locality. The existence of C. batrachus in a remote area was added to the data on the distribution of freshwater fish in Indonesia. Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank local fisherman, Mr. Imam Musthafa, Sumenep Regency, Madura Island and Generasi Biologi Indonesia Foundation as field guide. References Britton J. R., Boar R. R., Grey J., Foster J., Lugonzo J., Harper D. M., 2007 From introduction to fishery dominance: the initial impacts of invasive carp Cyprinus carpio in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, 1996 to 2006. Journal of Fish Biology 71:239-257. Cambray J. A., 2005 Africa’s Clarias gariepinus (Teleostei: Clariidae) appears in rivers in Brazil. African Journal of Aquatic Science 30:201-202. Hall R., 2013 The palaeogeography of Sundaland and Wallacea since the Late Jurassic. Journal of Limnology 72(2):1-17. AACL Bioflux, 2020, Volume 13, Issue 2. 961 http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl Hanebuth T., Stattegger K., Grootes P. M., 2000 Rapid flooding of the Sunda Shelf: a Late-Glacial sea-level record. Science 288(5468):1033-1035. Hasan V., Soemarno, Widodo M. S., Wiadnya D. G. R., Mukti A. T., Irawan B., 2019 Distribution extension and first record of Lobocheilos falcifer (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 25 (July Suppl. Issue):S119-S122. Hossain Q., Hossain M. A., Parween S., 2006 Artificial breeding and nursery practices of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758). Scientific World 4:32-37. Iqbal M., Setiawan A., Aprilia I., Isa M., Yustian I., 2017 First record of Lobocheilos ixocheilos Kottelat & Tan, 2008 (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) in South Sumatra province, Indonesia. Check List 13(6):931-933. Kottelat M., 2001 Fishes of Laos. Wildlife Heritage Trust, Colombo, 198 p. Ng H. H., Kottelat M., 2008 The identity of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758), with the designation of a neotype (Teleostei: Clariidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 153:725-732. Ng H. H., 2004 A new walking catfish (Teleostei: Clariidae) from Pulau Redang. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 15:289-294. Roberts T. R., 1993 The freshwater fishes of Java, as observed by Kuhl and van Hasselt in 1820-23. Zoologische Verhandelingen 285:1-94. Sathiamurthy E., Voris H. K., 2006 Maps of Holocene sea level transgression and submerged lakes on the Sunda Shelf.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • One of the World's Worst Invasive Species, Clarias Batrachus
    ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2020) 50 (4): 391–400 DOI: 10.3750/AIEP/03028 ONE OF THE WORLD’S WORST INVASIVE SPECIES, CLARIAS BATRACHUS (ACTINOPTERYGII: SILURIFORMES: CLARIIDAE), HAS ARRIVED AND ESTABLISHED A POPULATION IN TURKEY Özgür EMİROĞLU 1, M. Altuğ ATALAY 2, F. Güler EKMEKÇİ 3, Sadi AKSU 4, Sercan BAŞKURT 1, Emre KESKIN 5, Esra M. ÜNAL 5, 6, Baran YOĞURTÇUOĞLU 3, and A. Serhan TARKAN*7, 8 1Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Eskişehir, Turkey 2Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Ankara, Turkey 3Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey 4Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Vocational School of Health Services, Eskişehir, Turkey 5Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory (eGL), Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey 6Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey 7Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Fisheries, Muğla, Turkey 8Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland Emiroğlu Ö., Atalay M.A., Ekmekçi F.G., Aksu S., Başkurt S., Keskin E., Ünal E.M., Yoğurtçuoğlu B., Tarkan A.S. 2020. One of the world’s worst invasive species, Clarias batrachus (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Clariidae), has arrived and established a population in Turkey. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 50 (4): 391–400. Background. Ornamental freshwater fish releases constitute a remarkable proportion of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide. Early detection and knowledge of likely introduction vectors and pathways of potentially invasive fishes into sensitive habitats are key for their proper management, hence rapid and correct identification of their occurrence is crucial.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Observer
    Bird Observer VOLUME 39, NUMBER 2 APRIL 2011 HOT BIRDS On November 20 the Hampshire Bird Club was waiting at Quabbin headquarters for the rest of the group to arrive when Larry Therrien spotted a flock of 19 swans in the distance— Tundra Swans! Ian Davies took this photograph (left). Since 2003 Cave Swallows have been a specialty of November, showing up in coastal locations in increasing numbers over the years. This year there was a flurry of reports along the New England coast. On Thanksgiving Day, Margo Goetschkes took this photograph (right) of one of the birds at Salisbury. On November 30, Vern Laux got a call from a contractor reporting a “funny bird” at the Nantucket dump. Vern hustled over and was rewarded with great views of this Fork-tailed Flycatcher (left). Imagine: you’re photographing a Rough- legged Hawk in flight, and all of a sudden it is being mobbed—by a Northern Lapwing (right)! That’s what happened to Jim Hully on December 2 on Plum Island. This is only the second state record for this species, the first being in Chilmark in December of 1996. On April 9, Keelin Miller found an interesting gull at Kalmus Beach in Hyannis. As photographs were circulated, opinions shifted toward a Yellow-legged Gull (left). Check out Jeremiah Trimble’s photo from April 13. CONTENTS BIRDING THE LAKEVILLE PONDS OF PLYMOUTH COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS Jim Sweeney 73 THE FINAL YEAR OF THE BREEDING BIRD ATLAS: GOING OVER THE TOP John Galluzzo 83 37 YEARS OF NIGHTHAWKING Tom Gagnon 86 LEIF J ROBINSON: MAY 21, 1939 – FEBRUARY 28, 2011 Soheil Zendeh 93 FIELD NOTES Double-crested Cormorant Has Trouble Eating a Walking Catfish William E.
    [Show full text]
  • Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) I. Identity V. Status And Trends a. Biological Features VI. Main Issues b. Images Gallery a. Responsible Aquaculture Practices II. Profile VII. References a. Historical Background a. Related Links b. Main Producer Countries c. Habitat And Biology III. Production a. Production Cycle b. Production Systems c. Diseases And Control Measures IV. Statistics a. Production Statistics b. Market And Trade Identity Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 [Clariidae] FAO Names: En - North African catfish, Fr - Poisson-chat nord-africain, Es - Pez-gato Biological features Body elongate. Head large, depressed and bony with small eyes. Narrow and angular occipital process; gill openings wide; air-breathing labyrinthic organ arising from gill arches; first gill arch with 24 to 110 gillrakers; cleithrum pointed, narrow with longitudinal ridges and with sharpness. Mouth terminal, large. Four pairs of barbels present. Long dorsal and anal fins; without dorsal fin spine and adipose fin. Anterior edge of pectoral spine serrated. Caudal fin rounded. Colour varies from sandy-yellow through gray to olive with dark greenish-brown markings, belly white. View FAO FishFinder Species fact sheet Images gallery FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department 2.5 kg Clarias gariepinus Nursing semi-intensive pond Clarias fry nursing tank Clarias intensive nursing (Photo: John Moehl) Clarias intensive farming Clarias harvest in Cameroon Profile Historical background African catfish are mentioned within traditional capture-based aquaculture (known as wheddos in Benin and Ghana and barochois in Mauritius) for centuries. Their culture in modern times follows a similar trend to that of tilapias: first domestication trials by the year 1950 and adoption of the North African catfish Clarias gariepinus as the most desirable catfish for aquaculture in the mid 1970s.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S
    Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4—An Update April 2013 Prepared by: Pam L. Fuller, Amy J. Benson, and Matthew J. Cannister U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center Gainesville, Florida Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Cover Photos: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – Auburn University Giant Applesnail, Pomacea maculata – David Knott Straightedge Crayfish, Procambarus hayi – U.S. Forest Service i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of Region 4 Introductions Since 2000 ....................................................................................... 1 Format of Species Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 2 Explanation of Maps ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to the Parasites of African Freshwater Fishes
    A Guide to the Parasites of African Freshwater Fishes Edited by T. Scholz, M.P.M. Vanhove, N. Smit, Z. Jayasundera & M. Gelnar Volume 18 (2018) Chapter 2.1. FISH DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY Martin REICHARD Diversity of fshes in Africa Fishes are the most taxonomically diverse group of vertebrates and Africa shares a large portion of this diversity. This is due to its rich geological history – being a part of Gondwana, it shares taxa with the Neotropical region, whereas recent close geographical affnity to Eurasia permitted faunal exchange with European and Asian taxa. At the same time, relative isolation and the complex climatic and geological history of Africa enabled major diversifcation within the continent. The taxonomic diversity of African freshwater fshes is associated with functional and ecological diversity. While freshwater habitats form a tiny fraction of the total surface of aquatic habitats compared with the marine environment, most teleost fsh diversity occurs in fresh waters. There are over 3,200 freshwater fsh species in Africa and it is likely several hundreds of species remain undescribed (Snoeks et al. 2011). This high diversity and endemism is likely mirrored in diversity and endemism of their parasites. African fsh diversity includes an ancient group of air-breathing lungfshes (Protopterus spp.). Other taxa are capable of breathing air and tolerate poor water quality, including several clariid catfshes (e.g., Clarias spp.; Fig. 2.1.1D) and anabantids (Ctenopoma spp.). Africa is also home to several bichir species (Polypterus spp.; Fig. 2.1.1A), an ancient fsh group endemic to Africa, and bonytongue Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) (Osteoglossidae), a basal actinopterygian fsh.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Catfish Biodiversity 17
    American Fisheries Society Symposium 77:15–37, 2011 © 2011 by the American Fisheries Society Global Catfi sh Biodiversity JONATHAN W. ARMBRUSTER* Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University 331 Funchess, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, USA Abstract.—Catfi shes are a broadly distributed order of freshwater fi shes with 3,407 cur- rently valid species. In this paper, I review the different clades of catfi shes, all catfi sh fami- lies, and provide information on some of the more interesting aspects of catfi sh biology that express the great diversity that is present in the order. I also discuss the results of the widely successful All Catfi sh Species Inventory Project. Introduction proximately 10.8% of all fi shes and 5.5% of all ver- tebrates are catfi shes. Renowned herpetologist and ecologist Archie Carr’s But would every one be able to identify the 1941 parody of dichotomous keys, A Subjective Key loricariid catfi sh Pseudancistrus pectegenitor as a to the Fishes of Alachua County, Florida, begins catfi sh (Figure 2A)? It does not have scales, but it with “Any damn fool knows a catfi sh.” Carr is right does have bony plates. It is very fl at, and its mouth but only in part. Catfi shes (the Siluriformes) occur has long jaws but could not be called large. There is on every continent (even fossils are known from a barbel, but you might not recognize it as one as it Antarctica; Figure 1); and the order is extremely is just a small extension of the lip. There are spines well supported by numerous complex synapomor- at the front of the dorsal and pectoral fi ns, but they phies (shared, derived characteristics; Fink and are not sharp like in the typical catfi sh.
    [Show full text]
  • African Sharptooth Catfish Clarias Gariepinus
    African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus 1 Taxonomy Species: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Family: Clariidae Order: Siluriformes Class: Actinopterygii African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus is a typical air-breathing catfish with a scaleless, bony elongated body with long dorsal and anal fins, and a helmet like head (Figure 1). Colour varies dorsally from dark to light brown and is often mottled with shades of olive and grey while the underside is a pale cream to white (Skelton 2001). It can grow very large with a maximum reported length of 170 cm (IGFA 2001) and weight of 60 kg (Robbins et al. 1991). Figure 1. Lateral view of Clarias gariepinus (Source: FAO 2012). The genus Clarias was reviewed in the 1980s, which resulted in several widespread species being synonymized (Clarias capensis of southern Africa, C. mossambicus of central Africa and C. lazera of west and north Africa) under the name Clarias gariepinus (Teugels 1986). 2 Natural distribution and habitat The native range of C. gariepinus covers most of the African continent, with the exception of Maghreb, Upper and Lower Guinea, and the Cape provinces of South Africa (Picker & Griffiths 2011) (Figure 2). According to Skelton (2001) it is probably the most widely distributed fish in Africa. Jubb (1967) describes its natural distribution as occurring as far south as the Orange River system in the west and the Umtamvuna River in the east of South Africa. Page | 1 C. gariepinus is widely tolerant of many different habitats, even the upper reaches of estuaries, but is considered to be a freshwater species. It favours floodplains, slow flowing rivers, lakes and dams (Skelton 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • An Invitation to Monitor Georgia's Coastal Wetlands
    An Invitation to Monitor Georgia’s Coastal Wetlands www.shellfish.uga.edu By Mary Sweeney-Reeves, Dr. Alan Power, & Ellie Covington First Printing 2003, Second Printing 2006, Copyright University of Georgia “This book was prepared by Mary Sweeney-Reeves, Dr. Alan Power, and Ellie Covington under an award from the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of OCRM and NOAA.” 2 Acknowledgements Funding for the development of the Coastal Georgia Adopt-A-Wetland Program was provided by a NOAA Coastal Incentive Grant, awarded under the Georgia Department of Natural Resources Coastal Zone Management Program (UGA Grant # 27 31 RE 337130). The Coastal Georgia Adopt-A-Wetland Program owes much of its success to the support, experience, and contributions of the following individuals: Dr. Randal Walker, Marie Scoggins, Dodie Thompson, Edith Schmidt, John Crawford, Dr. Mare Timmons, Marcy Mitchell, Pete Schlein, Sue Finkle, Jenny Makosky, Natasha Wampler, Molly Russell, Rebecca Green, and Jeanette Henderson (University of Georgia Marine Extension Service); Courtney Power (Chatham County Savannah Metropolitan Planning Commission); Dr. Joe Richardson (Savannah State University); Dr. Chandra Franklin (Savannah State University); Dr. Dionne Hoskins (NOAA); Dr. Charles Belin (Armstrong Atlantic University); Dr. Merryl Alber (University of Georgia); (Dr. Mac Rawson (Georgia Sea Grant College Program); Harold Harbert, Kim Morris-Zarneke, and Michele Droszcz (Georgia Adopt-A-Stream); Dorset Hurley and Aimee Gaddis (Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve); Dr. Charra Sweeney-Reeves (All About Pets); Captain Judy Helmey (Miss Judy Charters); Jan Mackinnon and Jill Huntington (Georgia Department of Natural Resources).
    [Show full text]
  • A GIS Assessment of the Suitability of Tilapia and Clarias Pond Farming in Tanzania
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article A GIS Assessment of the Suitability of Tilapia and Clarias Pond Farming in Tanzania Håkan Berg 1,* , Deogratias Mulokozi 2 and Lars Udikas 1 1 Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] 2 Kigoma Centre, Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma P.O. Box 90, Tanzania; deogratiasmulokozi@tafiri.go.tz * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Aquaculture production in Tanzania has increased in recent years, responding to an increased demand for fish, but the scale and productivity of smallholder aquaculture remains below the level needed to support significant sector growth in Tanzania. This study assesses, through geospatial analyses, the suitability for freshwater pond farming of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus in Tanzania, by assessing the geographical distribution of seven criteria (water availability, water temperature, soil texture, terrain slope, availability of farm inputs, potential farm-gate sales, and access to local markets) identified as important for fish pond farming. The criteria were developed and standardized from 15 sub-criteria, which were classified into a four-level suitability scale based on physical scores. The individual weights of the different criteria in the overall GIS suitability assessment were determined through a multi-criteria evaluation. The final results were validated and compared through field observations, interviews with 89 rural and 11 urban aquaculture farmers, and a questionnaire survey with 16 regional fisheries officers. Our results indicate that there is a good potential for aquaculture in Tanzania. Almost 60% of Tanzania is assessed as being suitable and Citation: Berg, H.; Mulokozi, D.; 40% as moderately suitable for small-scale subsistence pond farming, which is the dominating fish Udikas, L.
    [Show full text]
  • FLORIDA SOUTHEAST CONNECTION PROJECT RESOURCE REPORT 3 Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation September 2014
    FLORIDA SOUTHEAST CONNECTION PROJECT RESOURCE REPORT 3 Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation September 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.0 RESOURCE REPORT 3 – FISH, WILDLIFE, AND VEGETATION .............................................. 3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 FISHERY RESOURCES ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Fisheries Habitat Classification .......................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.2 Existing Fishery Resources ................................................................................................ 3-2 3.2.3 Fisheries of Special Concern ............................................................................................. 3-2 3.2.4 Fisheries Impacts and Mitigation ........................................................................................ 3-2 3.2.4.1 Waterbody Construction Methods .................................................................................. 3-3 3.2.4.2 Vegetation Clearing ........................................................................................................ 3-3 3.2.4.3 Hydrostatic Test Water ................................................................................................... 3-4 3.2.4.4 Spill Prevention Control .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pages PDF 2.8 MB
    IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 38(2) 2021 N O T E F R O M T H E E D I T O R NOTE FROM THE EDITOR Dear Friends, Colleagues and Otter Enthusiasts! I can only hope that you all are safe and healthy. I understood that some are already vaccinated. For the rest I hope we all manage to stay safe and healthy until it is our turn. This year we are now much faster than in previous years to get manuscripts online. We are hard working with Lesley to remove all the backlog to the point when we will be able to upload each manuscript on the date the proofprint has been accepted by the authors. You may be well aware that the IUCN OSG Bulletin, via me, became a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) some years ago. As part of this, I sometimes use anti-plagiarism software to check manuscripts before sending them out for review. Another aspect is that authors submitting manuscripts should carefully consider the list of authors as there are strict rules on how to add an additional author after the original submission, which creates a lot of work for me and them. I want to use the opportunity to ask all authors to carefully double check their reference, and the list of references. It is so much work for Lesley to sort this out and then, especially, find the missing references. Many thanks to Lesley for all endless hours and hours spent not only for getting manuscripts online but also doing the extra work to double-check the manuscripts for typos and the one always missing reference.
    [Show full text]
  • THROWTRAP FISH ID GUIDE.V5 Loftusedits
    Fish Identification Guide For Throw trap Samples Florida International University Aquatic Ecology Lab April 2007 Prepared by Tish Robertson, Brooke Sargeant, and Raúl Urgellés Table of Contents Basic fish morphology diagrams………………………………………..3 Fish species by family…………………………………………………...4-31 Gar…..………………………………………………………….... 4 Bowfin………….………………………………..………………...4 Tarpon…...……………………………………………………….. 5 American Eel…………………..………………………………….5 Bay Anchovy…..……..…………………………………………...6 Pickerels...………………………………………………………...6-7 Shiners and Minnows…………………………...……………….7-9 Bullhead Catfishes……..………………………………………...9-10 Madtom Catfish…………………………………………………..10 Airbreathing Catfish …………………………………………….11 Brown Hoplo…...………………………………………………….11 Orinoco Sailfin Catfish……………………………..……………12 Pirate Perch…….………………………………………………...12 Topminnows ……………….……………………….……………13-16 Livebearers……………….……………………………….…….. 17-18 Pupfishes…………………………………………………………19-20 Silversides..………………………………………………..……..20-21 Snook……………………………………………………………...21 Sunfishes and Basses……………….……………………....….22-25 Swamp Darter…………………………………………………….26 Mojarra……...…………………………………………………….26 Everglades pygmy sunfish……………………………………...27 Cichlids………………………….….………………………….....28-30 American Soles…………………………………………………..31 Key to juvenile sunfish..………………………………………………...32 Key to cichlids………....………………………………………………...33-38 Note for Reader/References…………………………………………...39 2 Basic Fish Morphology Diagrams Figures from Page and Burr (1991). 3 FAMILY: Lepisosteidae (gars) SPECIES: Lepisosteus platyrhincus COMMON NAME: Florida gar ENP CODE: 17 GENUS-SPECIES
    [Show full text]