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Universidad de Oviedo Máster Universitario en Dirección y Planificación del Turismo TRABAJO FIN DE MÁSTER Recursos turísticos peculiares en Shanghái. Conservación y desarrollo Autor: Cai Xiaowei Tutor: Manuel Ángel Sendín García Junio, 2016 AUTOR1zACION D。 Mamuel Angel seⅡd缸 GarciˇI,tutσ del Trab耐 oFh de M盔 ster rea1izado por D。 Cai△△aowei,en el M芭 ster1Jnivers⒒ 钔oo en]DirecGion y planiⅡ caGion del∶D田吐slno de1aL廴止veⅡ蛀dad de Cλ 注edo,A△FrORIzA1a presen批 ion y defen弘 del presente Trab::∶ io Fin de盹ster。 G刂 犰,1dejLlllo de⒛ 16。 `亻⒈~ΣL∠Ⅰ F血一 a del DECLARACION D。 Cai】ⅡaoWei DECLARA que es el autor del presente TFab吨 o presentado p盯aq”盯 破 铂hlo de l哂 舳妃rU“ver蛀如盅oen D犰GG诵吐y Ph蛀flcaG的 n de1 TuⅡsmo poFla U蛀 versidad de O￠ edo,que es um Trab苟 o岫gh斑 real弦 ado para este fm y que se han detallado todas las hentes ubl。 酗 flcas relevantes uuⅡzadas durante su e1aboracion。 G刂 ⒍,1dejlIno de⒛ 16。 舜吻 FhⅡ .a del es饥 kliante Resumen El desarrollo de los recursos turísticos constituye una parte decisiva para la planificación de una ciudad a efecto de las actividades de ocio. La ciudad de Shanghái, metrópolis situada al este de la República Popular de China, no es la excepción. Su peculiar y apasionante historia ha generado una urbe plena de contrastes y contradicciones, rica en posibilidades de todo tipo, entre ellas las turísticas, Desde la década de 1980, la política nacional de Reforma y Apertura ha orientado Shanghái a retomar su posición de ciudad internacional, después del declive que sufrió a partir de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, por diversas causas, entre ellas las de índole histórica, la potencialidad de turismo de Shanghái no se ha liberado totalmente y la conservación de los recursos turísticos que hacen de ella un destino peculiar, siempre ha sido un gran problema durante el desarrollo de la ciudad. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los recursos turísticos que hacen de Shanghái un destino único. Con esa finalidad se realiza una revisión de la geografía, el clima, la población y la historia de la ciudad, y se estudian detalladamente las características de los recursos turísticos de Shanghái. En este trabajo se utiliza una metodología multidisciplinar en la que se combinan conocimientos y aportaciones de la historia, geografía, economía y sociología. Palabras claves: turismo, turismo de Shanghái, recursos turísticos de Shanghái, desarrollo turístico de Shanghái Abstract The development of tourism resources is a crucial part of planning a city to effect leisure activities. Shanghai City, megalopolis located in the east of the People's Republic of China, is not an exception. Her quirky and fascinating history has generated a full city of contrasts and contradictions, full of possibilities of all kinds, including tourism. Since the 1980s, national policy of Reform and Opening has guided Shanghai to take back its position as an international city, after the decline suffered from World War II. However, for various reasons, including historical reasons, the potential of tourism in Shanghai has not been fully released and the conservation of tourism resources that make it a unique destination, has always been a major problem for the development of the city. The aim of this work is to study the tourism resources that make Shanghai a unique destination. For this purpose, a review of geography, climate, population and history of the city will be realised, and a detailed characteristics of tourism resources Shanghai will be studied. In this work will be use a multidisciplinary methodology will be used, which combines knowledges of history, geography, economics and sociology. Keywords: tourism, Shanghai, Shanghai tourism resources, tourism development in Shanghai Índice Capítulo 1. Introducción............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Antecedentes................................................................................................................................1 1.2. Objetivos......................................................................................................................................2 Capítulo 2. El territorio............................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. El relieve...................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2. El clima........................................................................................................................................ 3 2.3. Las aguas......................................................................................................................................4 2.4. La vegetación...............................................................................................................................4 Capítulo 3. Historia y evolución urbana....................................................................................................5 3.1. Los orígenes.................................................................................................................................5 3.2. Desde la apertura a occidente hasta la última etapa de la dinastía de Qing...........................6 3.3. La etapa de la República de China............................................................................................ 9 3.4. La etapa de República Popular de China................................................................................ 11 Capítulo 4. La sociedad y la política........................................................................................................14 4.1. Poblamiento...............................................................................................................................14 4.2. Distritos administrativos...........................................................................................................14 Capítulo 5. Análisis de recursos turísticos en Shanghái........................................................................ 15 5.1. La definición de recursos turísticos.........................................................................................15 5.2. Las características de los recursos turísticos en Shanghái.....................................................16 5.2.1. Concepto de Cascos históricos y culturales de Shanghái.......................................... 16 5.2.2. Las características de los recursos turísticos...............................................................17 5.3. La tipología de los recursos turísticos en Shanghái............................................................... 18 Capítulo 6. La conservación de recursos turísticos en Shanghái.......................................................... 21 6.1. El valor de conservación.......................................................................................................... 21 6.2. Estado actual de conservación................................................................................................. 22 6.3. Problemas de conservación......................................................................................................23 6.3.1. Los recursos turísticos potenciales sin protección efectiva....................................... 24 6.3.2. Los recursos turísticos con la protección efectiva con problemas............................ 27 6.4. Recomendaciones para mejorar la conservación del patrimonio urbano.............................32 Capítulo 7. El desarrollo de recursos turísticos en Shanghái.................................................................36 7.1. El valor del desarrollo turístico................................................................................................36 7.2. Los modos de desarrollo turístico............................................................................................36 7.2.1. El proceso de desarrollo turístico de Xintiandi...........................................................36 7.2.2. El desarrollo turístico reciente de Tianzifang............................................................. 40 7.2.3. Análisis de la diferencia entre Xintiandi y Tianzifang...............................................42 7.3. Recomendaciones para mejorar el desarrollo turístico..........................................................46 Capítulo 8. Conclusiones.......................................................................................................................... 49 Bibliografía................................................................................................................................................51 Anexos....................................................................................................................................................... 55 Capítulo 1. Introducción 1.1. Antecedentes Shanghái es una ciudad oriental encantadora en donde se encuentran tanto la cultura tradicional china como la occidental, mientras tanto, es un lugar en donde las expectaciones de los visitantes extranjeros se hacen realidad. Desde el símbolo de concesión de El Bund hasta la vida más local y única en los Nongtang1, esta ciudad les da a los visitantes una imagen de su espíritu ciudadano: la gran capacidad de adaptación sus habitantes a todas las culturas. Después de la puesta en marcha de la política nacional de Reforma y Apertura la ciudad ha experimentado una etapa rápido desarrollo turístico. Según los datos de 2015
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