Wired-IOT R&D Plan

Manhattan 2 Smart Building Interconnection-Standards Development Initiative By Glenn Weinreb, CTO, Manhattan 2, Printed July 30, 2020 1 Introduction Manhattan 2 (Ma2) intends to develop electrical, mechanical, and communications standards that define how devices interconnect within the building of the future. Devices include motors that control thermal covers over physical wall windows, motors that control curtains and blinds, fans in ducts, dampers in ducts, lights, occupancy sensors, washing machines, ovens, refrigerators, dish washers, HVAC systems, pumps that control 58°F ground source water, thermal storage water, valves on room water-filled radiators, etc. This initiative involves developing a new 2-wire communication standard between multiple devices that provides the following features: supports CANbus communication between ~$1 microprocessors, no damage upon accidental short to 220VAC, devices use little power when not in use, wiring supports tree topology (daisy chain not required), ≥ 99.999% reliable (not wireless), and transceivers consume ≤ ~25mW of power when signaling (as opposed to 10x more utilized by RS-485 and traditional CANbus). We make use of existing standards whenever possible, and propose new standards as needed. Researchers do not necessarily design products to be manufactured and sold. Instead, they propose interconnection standards, and prototypes that demonstrate those standards. These are then provided to standards bodies (e.g. IEEE), which modify as desired, and establish plug-and-play standardization. All materials produced by researchers are given away for free, to encourage utilization by standards bodies, to reduce CO2 emissions. This includes mechanical drawings, electrical schematics and software source code. Manhattan 2 Smart Building Interconnection-Standards Development Initiative, www.Manhattan2.org 1 Ma2 is also developing standards that define how solar material attaches directly to building surfaces, such as plywood. The proposed solar material is ~1.5cm thick and contains embedded electronics that perform power conversion. This material can be applied to both roof and wall surfaces, edge-to-edge. Prototypes develop by researchers use the same processor, and utilize common code. This helps researchers move quickly. Cost reduction is a later step, done by industry, after standards are finalized. The Xmc4200 processor, for example, supports almost all devices. A prototype that moves a window thermal cover, and a prototype of the DC-DC converter embedded in solar material, can both be implemented with this one processor, for example. It provides: 16x 12bit a/d channels, 2x 12bit d/a channels, analog comparators, 2 CANbus channels, counter/timers, 256KBFlash, and 40 KB Ram. All within one tiny package. See Also: • Ma2 Smart Building Interconnection-Standards Development Initiative (Plan) • Ma2 Active Window Development Initiative (Plan, Research Teams Yr1) • Ma2 BiPV/LiPV Rollable Photovoltaic Research Initiative (Plan, Research Teams Yr1) 1.1 Example Network Devices • LED light bulb controller (on/off/dimmer control of LED's, modulated current source) • Wall light switch (measure voltage from POT) • Thermal cover for window (stepper motor controller, temperature/light/humidity measurement) • HVAC compressor motor (motor controller) • Pump that circulates 55°F water from soil (motor controller, ground source for HVAC) • Fan within duct (on/off and variable speed motor controller) • Damper within duct (stepper motor controller) • Temperature sensors, Thermostat devices • Solar PV Array Devices (manage & monitor power conversion, mppt, batteries, grid, loads) • Passive Solar Devices (manage & monitor pumps, temperatures, pressures, sunlight) • Wind Turbine Devices (manage & monitor power conversion, batteries, grid, loads) • Occupancy sensor • Water radiator controller (resides in room, valve control, temperature/pressure sense) • Current/temperature measurement at wall outlet • Door position sense and control (door closer, electronic lock) • Ground source drill head electronics (200ft below surface, measure temperatures, measure acceleration vibration while drilling) Manhattan 2 Smart Building Interconnection-Standards Development Initiative, www.Manhattan2.org 2 • Ground source pump (variable speed motor, stepper motor, on/off motor, temperature/pressure measurement) • Solar PV array (set of batteries from software's point of view) • Solar array micro-inverters • Solar array electronics element (power switches, temperature measurement, voltage/current measurement). • Solar array monitor, fire control and lightning protection system 1.2 Example Appliance Devices Researchers redesign home high-power appliances such as HVAC, heat pump, refrigerator, dish-washer, clothes dryer, stove and oven. Researchers create suggested 5-wire standardized Power/Data Plug that supports power (VAC hot, neutral, earth) and ≥99.999% reliable wired data communication (wireless is less reliable). Researchers develop suggested programmable water source standard that involves moving heat/cold via water. Appliances include input and output pipe for Programmable Water source; and valves in house routes one of the following to each appliance: hot water (DHW), domestic cold water, 55°F ground source water, and thermal storage water (hot or cold). Processors communicate which is available, and at what temperature. Solar PV panels and heat pump might heat up 500 gallons of water in basement to 140°F (low cost energy storage), and several appliances might find this helpful (e.g. oven). 55°F ground source water might be helpful in other applications (e.g. refrigerator). Researchers develop mechanical connector standard that supports thermal insulation. 1.3 Challenge for Engineers We would like for our proposed low CO2 technology to cost less than traditional non-automated systems; or if they cost more, they must pay for themselves by consuming less energy over a reasonable period of time (i.e. reasonable payback period). If cost reduction is not achieved, then what can we do? "Plan B" assumes that the following occurs over time: • Evidence of climate-change-cost to society increases. For example, Boston, much of which is on landfill, sees water actually rising. • Policy changes to lower CO2 emissions (e.g. new building codes, increase natural gas prices, rebates for low CO2 behavior, etc.). • Low CO2 technology, developed by us and others, becomes more popular. Manhattan 2 Smart Building Interconnection-Standards Development Initiative, www.Manhattan2.org 3 Plan B is not so bad, since it might take 3 to 5 years to develop quality prototypes that can be used by industry as reference designs, debug the system, work with standards bodies to write standards, and build production capacity. And it might take 3 to 5 years for society to see evidence of climate change costs and set policy that pushes people toward lower carbon technology. In reality, some of our technology will have better payback periods than others. And those with better payback will be adopted faster. In summary, we can expect each technology to have its own adoption rate. 1.4 Wired IoT Requirements Networking requirements are: 99.999% reliability, depend on low cost ~$1 to ~$3 microprocessors, wire to device, power to device, tree topology wiring, and processor sleeps when not in use (i.e. low power). Note that power-line communication and wireless do not meet these requirements for several reasons. 1.5 World Adoption Strategy To encourage worldwide adoption, we make all materials free and open on a gnu public license basis. This includes schematics, source code, reference designs, and all materials. We are creating a platform on which others build. Alternatively, if this was propriety (e.g. a Philips Lighting controlled by Philips), the world would resist because companies do want to be controlled by an external party, especially a competitor. Also, if Philips, for example, did have a proprietary system, the world would copy it, change it slightly, and create a free and open version. Therefore, to encourage adoption and standardization, for purposes of mitigating climate change, we are free and open. 1.6 Road Map We work toward creating a worldwide standards using the following road map: (1) Publish concepts (e.g. at Electronics Design News) and receive feedback. (2) Design, simulate, create cost models, and build prototypes. This requires electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, and computer programmers. (3) Make sure prototypes work well in a system. (4) Select best prototypes to be used as suggested reference designs for industry to copy. These are heavily documented, well-engineered, well tested, and polished. Manhattan 2 Smart Building Interconnection-Standards Development Initiative, www.Manhattan2.org 4 (5) Define standard in rough form. This includes mechanical standards, electrical standards and communications protocols. (6) Present reference designs and all documentation to international standards body organization, such as IEEE. (7) Members such as Philips Lighting and GE Lighting noodle and decide whether or not to there is demand for suggested technology. 1.7 Manhattan 2 Collaboration System Researchers can collaborate via the Manhattan 2 Collaboration System, described here: Manhattan 2 Research Collaboration System http://www.ma2.life/doc/research/common/Ma2_Collaboration_System.pdf 1.8 System Prototype Test Site A 2000 square foot house-like test site is used to test multiple devices within a large home-like system. This structure

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