Draft Report

क� द्र�यभू�म जल बो जल संसाधन, नद� �वकास और गंगा संर�ण मंत्रा भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Government of

Report on AQUIFER MAPS AND MANAGEMENT PLAN Mendarda, Junagarh District,

पि�चमी म鵍ा �ेत, अहमदाबाद West Central Region, Ahmedabad

भारत सरकार जल संसाधन, नदी िवकास एवम् गंगा संरक् मं�ालय क��ीय भूिम जल बोडर

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVENATION

REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA, DISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE

CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD WEST CENTRAL REGION AHMEDABAD REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, , GUJARAT STATE

1. SALIENT FEATURES

1 Name of the Mendarda - 363.86 Km2 TALUKA& Area, 21°10’29” to 21°25’15” N Location(Fig-1) 70°20’48” to 70°34’27” E 2 No. of Town, villages 0, 66 3 District/State Junagadh/Gujarat 4 Population (2011 Male- 35440, Female- 33091, Total- 68,531 Census) 5 Normal Rainfall (mm) 858.78 mm- Monsoon Rainfall (IMD) (in mm) (Long Term) 50

969.60 mm -Average Monsoon Rainfall (in mm) (2003-12) 6 Agriculture (20015-16) Kharif Crops Rabi Crops Crop Area in Hact Crop Area in Hact Groundnut 22100 Wheat 500 Tal 0 Juvar 0 Castor 0 Castor 0 Gram 20 Bajri 0 Bajri 15 Tuver 45 Tuver 0 Mug 65 Mug 80 Udad 130 Mustered 0 Cotton 300 Isabgol 10 Sugarcane 0 Sugarcane 0 Vegetables 70 Vegetables 40 Fodder 750 Fodder 150 Gam Guvar 0 Jira 10 Soyabin 40 Onion 40 Coriander 3900 Garlic 30 Methi 10 Total 23500 Total 4805 7 Existing and future Sector Existing (MCM) Future water demands (MCM) (MCM) (Year 2025) Domestic and Industrial 1.99 2.68 Irrigation 52.43 31.38 8 Water level behaviour 12.98-17.00 m (Pre-monsoon) (2015)(Fig-2 & 3)

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 205

Fig-1: Location Map

1. Hydrogeology:

Main aquifer in the areais basaltic aquifer (Fig. 2) where the ground water exists upto the depth of weathering and in the fracture zones wherever encountered in the depth. Two hydrogeological Cross sections are given in Fig. 3.

Subsurface Hydrogeology

As inferred from borehole data of the Mendarda Taluka, weathered and fractured Basalt forms the principal aquifer in the Taluka. Groundwater in this aquifer occurs under unconfined conditions and in the fractures encountered in the massive basaltic formation in the depth. The movement of groundwater is controlled by the extent of weathering, fracture and joints in the trap formation. Groundwater exploration has been done down to a max. depth of 437 mbgl and the average discharge ranges from 1 to 38 lps by compressor during drilling.

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 206

2. AQUIFER DISPOSITION

Name of Aquifer Nature of Aquifer depth Nature of Compres Quality aquifer material aquifer and zone porosity sor encountered discharg (m) e Miliolitic Limestone Unconfined 0 to 7 Primary and - - Limestone secondary (Poreses, fractures and solution cavities) Deccan Trap Basalt Unconfined 0 to 37 Secondary ( 1 to 2 lps Fresh (Weathered weathered & and fractured) fracture)

Deep Fracture Explore up to the Secondary Compress Fresh (Massive & depth of 437 m, (fractures, joints, or amygdolidal) zone shears and flow discharge encountered at contacts ) 10 to 38 50, 77, 138, 174, LPS 187, 214 & 429 m

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 207

Fig 2: Aquifer disposition of the area

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 208

Fig-3: Stratigraphic Section

Depth to water level:

Large part of the taluka is having depth to water level mostly between 10 to 20 m bgl in the central part of the taluka whereas the South-Western and North –Eastern fringe observed water level 20 to 40 m bgl (Fig. 4).One isolated patch of water level > 40 is shown in the North –Eastern boundary of the taluka. Decadal average water level mostly between the period of May 2006 and 2015 ranges from 10.98 to 18.55m bgl. (Fig5). The decadal average depth to water levels also depict almost similar picture, except deepest water levels of more than 20 mbgl are on the North-Eastern parts and large area is occupied by water levels between 10 and 20 mbgl (Fig.5).

Long term groundwater fluctuation of water level for pre-monsoon and post- monsoon period are depicted in Fig. 6 & 7 for the period of 1987 to 2015. Ranges of the long-term fluctuation is given in Table below.

Pre-monsoon(1987-2015) Post-monsoon(1987-2015) Rise Fall Rise Fall Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 2.54 3.60 -3.80 -10.20 0.40 15.88 Negligible

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 209

Fig 4: DTW Map (Pre monsoon) Fig 5: Decadal Average Depth to Water Level

Fig.6 Absolute fluctuation Pre-monsoon Fig. 7 Absolute fluctuation Post-monsoon

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Water Table map (Fig 8) shows water table are ranges 62.42 m to 135.02 m above msl and groundwater flow direction is from South-East to North-West. A groundwater mount is shown in the South-Eastern side of the Taluka.

Fig 8: Water Table map with flow direction 3. Groundwater resource extraction, contamination. Dynamic GW Resources in MCM

Total groundwater availability of the area is estimated in year 2013 is 86.49 MCM and total groundwater withdrawal for all purposes is 54.42MCM. The stage of groundwater development is 62.92% and the taluka is categorized “Safe” (Table 2).

Table: 2 Groundwater resources 2013

S No. Item Fresh Saline Total 1 Area 363.86 - 363.86 2 Total GW Recharge (MCM) 91.04 - 91.04 3 Net GW Availability (MCM) 86.49 - 86.49 4 Gross Draft (MCM) 54.42 - 54.42

5 Net Availability for Future 31.38 - 31.38 Irrigation (MCM) 6 Stage of GW Development % 62.92 (safe) - 62.92 (safe)

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In Storage GW Resources

Fracture Fracture -

(MCM) Resources GW age

Saline/Brackish Area (sq km) Area (sq Saline/Brackish Fresh Area (sq km) (sq Area Fresh Name of Unit Assesment Formation of Rock Typr km) Area (sq Unit Total Depth of Bedrock(Soft upto Rock Areas/Depth which the aquifer is commonly Developed (HR Areas) (m) (m) in Level Water monsoon Pre Average Total saturated Thickness m Total Thickness saturated Thickness of the Granular Zone zone/Productive Zone below Premonsoon WL(M) Fraction (Sy) Yield Specific Average stor In FRESH (MCM) Resources GW storage In BRACKISH/SALINE MENDARDA Basalt 360.85 360.85 0 18.43 13.59 4.84 0.02 34.93 0.00 Weathered Basalt- 360.85 22.9 0.01 82.63 0.00 Massive- Fractured zone Milliolitic 3.53 3.52 0 21.79 14.96 6.83 0.1 2.40 0.00 Limestone MENDARDA 364.39 364.39 0 119.97 0.00 Total

Chemical quality of groundwater

Groundwater quality in general is good. Salinity is expressed in terms of total dissolved solids (TDS). Most of the area in the taluka (Fig. 9 ) falls TDS ranges 400 to 1440 mg/litre.Min. &Max. ranges of some of the constituents is given in the following Table.

Taluka Total dissolved solids Cl F HCO3 Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Mendarda 400 1440 48 528 0 0.54 183 378

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 212

Fig.9 Iso-TDS May 2015 Fig. 10 Iso-Chloride May 2015

Ground Water Issues

• Sustainability of hard rock Aquifers • Non Availability of sufficient Surface Water for Irrigation. • Lack of awareness and involvement of stake holders in decision making.

4. Groundwater resource enhancement. Table-3Computation of volume (MCM) of water required for recharge

Aquifer Volume of Specific yiled Volume of water Volume of rain unsaturated zone factor required for water planned avilable for recharge MCM for Artificial artificial recharge recharge (MCM)

Basalt 345.66 0.02 6.91 0.59

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Table: 4 Computation of Recharge structures.

Aquifer Area feasible Volume Volume of Volume No of No of for artificial of rain water of water Farm Check recharge Sq. water planned for planned Pond Dam Km planned conservation for (Unit (Unit for through recharge storage 0.05 Artificial Farm Pond through 0.05MCM) MCM) recharge Check (MCM) Dam Basalt 98.44 2.58 1.98 0.59 39 11

Financial Outlay of the Plan

The total estimated cost of the Plan is 508.83 lakh, which includes Rs 88 lakh for ground water recharge activities, Rs 390 lakh (Farm ponds), 6.6 lakh for ground water monitoring (Piezometer construction) and Rs 24.23 lakh towards operation and maintenance charges. The tentative cost estimates of the various activities of the Plan are shown in Table 5.

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 214

Table: 5 Cost estimates of Recharge structures and monitoring well (Piezometers):

Feasible Tentative Quantity Rainwater Tentative Total Expected Artificial Design (in nos. harvested unit cost tentative Annual GW Recharge & or area (mcm ) (in Rs cost (in recharge/ Water in sq. m) lakh) Rs lakh) conservation Conservation (mcm) structures/ activities

Recharge Structures/ Activities Check Dam 11 0.55 8 88 0.50 Sub total 88 0.50 Water Conservation Activities ( 30 m x 30m x 1.5 Farm Pond (3 m) 39 1.95 10 390 1.365 fillings) 900 sq.m or 0.1 ha Impact assessment & Monitoring

Up to 50 Piezometer 11 0.6 6.6 m bgl

Impact assessment will be carried out by implemneting agency

O & M - 5% of total cost of the scheme 24.23

TOTAL 508.83 Note: Type, number and cost of structure may vary according to site after ground verification

The tentative location of villages for construction of Check Dams and their cost estimates are shown in Fig. 11 and Table 6.

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Table-6 : TENTATIVE LIST OF VILLAGES WHERE ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE STRUCTREUS CAN BE TAKEN UP

Sr no. Village Taluka 1 Chiroda MENDARDA 2 Datrana MENDARDA 3 Gundala MENDARDA 4 Gundala MENDARDA 5 Jhinjhuda MENDARDA 6 Jhinjhuda MENDARDA 7 Mendarda MENDARDA 8 Mendarda MENDARDA Moti 9 Khodiyar MENDARDA Moti Fig. 11 Tentative location of Check Dams 10 Khodiyar MENDARDA 11 Najapur MENDARDA

1. Demand Side Management:

As the surface water is not available to improve the supply of water, demand side management is essential.

Table: 7 Crop wise area in Hectares covered under micro irrigation methods (source Gujarat Green Revolution Company, Vadodara, Gujarat).

Area Area in Area in CROP in Ha. CROP Ha. CROP Ha. Banana 4.22 GARLIC 4.01 PAPAYA 23.79 BITTER GUARD 77.77 GOURDS 4.2 PIGEONPEA 2.99 BOTTLE GUARD 121.93 GRAM 1.2 Pomogranate 25.52 BRINJAL 0.8 GREEN GRAM 19.56 RIDGEGOURD 14.68 CASTOR 20.23 GROUNDNUT 6136.33 ROSE 1.6 COCONUT 3.14 JOWAR 0.8 SESAMUM 7.73 COTTON 406.33 KANTOLA 5 WATERMELON 5.91 CUSTARD APPLE 10.73 LEMON 6.6 WHEAT 252.14 DRUMSTICK 1.17 Mango 222.27 Grand Total 7380.65

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 216

Water use efficiency by Drip Irrigation in Rabi crop season:

An area of 7380.65 hectare is covered by micro-irrigation scheme (MIS) under different crops grown in the district (Table 7 ). It is estimated the groundwater saving in the district by adopting the drip irrigation method to the main crop in Rabi season is about 0.22 MCM.It is estimated saving of groundwater through Drip irrigation separately to the Crop Cotton and Groundnut are 7.79 MCM and 2.18 MCM respectively (Table 8).

Table :8 Groundwater saving by Drip irrigation in MCM

Taluka Rabi_Crops Cotton crop Grounnut crop Total

Summer Kharif Summer Kharif Mendarda 0.29 0.00 0.00 7.02 2.55 9.86

Expected Benefits or outcome of the Plan

Ground water recharge and water conservation Plan of Mendarda Taluka, Junagadh district envisages gainful utilization of 0.59 MCM of volume of rain water planned for recharging of depleted aquifer system. Besides this, the proposed intervention would also lead to reduction of pre-existing ground water draft by 1.98 MCM annually through construction of farm ponds. By adopting the micro-irrigation area in the remaining area conserve the 9.86 MCM of groundwater draft in the district.

With the additional recharge and water conservation interventions as proposed in the Plan, it is anticipated that with enhanced recharge and reduction in ground water draft, the stage of ground water development will reduce to 49% from the existing 63%. The projected status of ground water resources and utilization scenario is presented in table 9.

Table :9 Projected Status of Groundwater Resource & Utilization on Recharge and Micro-Irrigation Interventions

Net G.W. Additio Total Net Existing Saving Saving Net GW Present Project Availabil nal G.W. G.W of of draft after stage of ed ity Rechar Availabilit Draft for Ground Groun interventi G.W. stage Taluka (MCM) ge y after all water d water ons (mcm) developmen of G.W. from interventi purpose through throug t (%) Develo RWH on (mcm) (mcm) conserv h MIS pemen (mcm) ation (mcm) t (in %) (mcm) Mendarda 86.49 0.59 87.08 54.416 1.98 9.86 42.57 63 49

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 217

Projected irrigation potential:

It is estimated 2842 Ha additional irrigation potential may be created in the taluka on 70% of groundwater development Table 10.

Table: 10 Irrigation command area on 70% of development of groundwater

%

District

after interventions (mcm) Net GW avilable for withdrawl withdrawl for GW avilable Net Development Net Net G.W. Availability (MCM) Draft Saving of Ground water through conservation (mcm) Balanced GW avilable on 70% development and Existing Additional Recharge from RWH (mcm) Total Net G.W. Availability after intervention (mcm) Max GW avilable on 70% development MCM Existing G.W Draft for all purpose (mcm) crop water Average requirement by Drip Irrigationm Additional area to be Irrigate in sq. km Area can be Irrigate in Ha Mendarda 70 86.49 0.59 87.08 60.96 54.42 6.54 1.98 8.53 0.30 28.42 2841.70

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:

1. It is recommended to increase the recharge of groundwater from external surface water sources. It is also important to properly maintain and timely operate the existing recharge and salinity control structures. 2. Recommended to construct the 11 check dam and 39 Farm ponds in the Taluka to recharge 0.59 MCM and conserve 1.98 MCM of rainfall runoff. 3. During the electrification of well/ bore wells, the micro-irrigation through drip/sprinkler irrigation should be made mendatory, so as to minimize use of groundwater. 4. 209 Hectares area may brought under micro-irrigation to adopt Drip method to save about 0.29 MCM of water during the Rabi crop season. 5. 9578 Hectare Groundnut crop area during pre-Kharif season and last phase of Kharif season may brought under Drip irrigation to save 9.57 MCM of water. 6. 2842 Hectare land may additionally irrigated on 70% of groundwater development and observing all intervention proposed.

AQUIFER MAPS & MANAGEMENT PLANS MENDARDA TALUKA, JUNAGADHDISTRICT, GUJARAT STATE 218

• The implementation of the project would result in additional recharge. The other tangible/ non-tangible benefits of the project are:

 Recharging the ground water will help in arresting the rapid decline in ground water resources and will also ensure improvement in quality of ground water by way of dilution.

 Proposed structures and measures will also enhance the ground water potential and would ensure sustainability of ground water resources.

 Surface runoff water stored or harnessed can be used as supplemental irrigational resources and will reduce the stress on the ground water.

 Besides, it will also help in reducing the amount and spate of storm water being drained by river and controlling soil erosion.

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