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Home , American Revolution, Arthur Lee (diplomat), John Tilley (diplomat)

DISPATCH A Newsletter of the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation • Spring 2012 Yorktown Victory Center Replacement Will Be Named ‘American Museum at Yorktown’ Along with a physical transforma- bonds, is estimated at $46 tion of the Yorktown Victory Center will million. Private donations come a new name – “American Revolu- to the Jamestown-Yorktown tion Museum at Yorktown” – adopted Foundation, Inc., will sup- May 10 by the Jamestown-Yorktown port elements of gallery Foundation Board of Trustees and and outdoor exhibits and endorsed by the Jamestown-Yorktown educational resources. Foundation, Inc., Board of Directors. “The new name high- Recommended by a board naming lights the core offering of study task force, the new name will the museum, American be implemented upon completion of Revolution history,” said the museum replacement, and in the Frank B. Atkinson, who meantime the Yorktown Victory Center chaired the naming study will continue in operation as a museum task force comprised of 11 The distinctive two-story main entrance of the American of the . members of the Jamestown- Revolution Museum at Yorktown will serve as a focal point Construction is expected to start Yorktown Foundation for arriving visitors. in the second half of 2012 on the proj- and Jamestown-Yorktown name were identified, and research ect, which includes an 80,000-square- Foundation, Inc., boards, “and the in- was undertaken on names currently in foot structure that will encompass ex- clusion of the word ‘Yorktown’ provides use. Selected names were tested with panded exhibition galleries, classrooms a geographical anchor. We arrived Yorktown Victory Center visitors and and support functions, and reorganiza- at this choice through a methodical reviewed by a trademark attorney and tion of the 22-acre site. Total cost of process that began with compiling branding consultant.” building construction and renovations an extensive list of potential names, “This name ideally reflects what we to the site and living-history areas, to engaging our Museums and Programs aim to achieve with the new museum,” be funded primarily through the sale Advisory Council and Foundation said Foundation Chairman H. Benson of Public Building Authority staff. Key elements to include in the Dendy III. “The American Revolu- tion Museum at Yorktown will provide a renewed perspective on the mean- ing and impact of the Revolution and Private Funds Bolster New Yorktown Museum will have a nationally important role, along with the Gifts and grants from individu- Foundation, the als, corporations and foundations and other partners, in are providing critical support for interpreting events that transformed 13 elements of the new Yorktown British colonies into the museum’s gallery and outdoor of America.” exhibits – such as acquisition of The Yorktown Victory Center artifacts for exhibit, production opened in 1976 as one of three Virginia of films, and reproduction items – centers for the national Bicentennial. and for educational resources. In the early 1990s, the museum’s focus “The Jamestown-Yorktown Foun- was broadened to encompass events dation, Inc., Board of Directors is that led to the War and pleased to be part of the the subsequent formation of a new na- and vision that is transforming the Private funding will support production of films for new museum exhibits, including an experi- tional . Critical short-term Yorktown Victory Center into the ential theater that will transport visitors to the exhibit renovations were completed American Revolution Museum at battlefield at Yorktown in 1781. in 2006, and in 2007 the Foundation Yorktown, a museum that will con- board adopted a master plan to address tinue to inspire in current and future generations a lifelong love of American long-term exhibit, building and opera- history,” said President Sue H. Gerdelman. tion issues. To learn more about urgent private funding needs, contact the Develop- The new museum building will be ment Office at (757) 253-4139. positioned on the site with an entrance continued on page 2 Revolutionary War Lecture Series Features Four Speakers Fred Anderson, author and professor of history at the East Carolina University, will speak October 6 on the “Battle University of Colorado at Boulder, joins the roster of speak- of the Capes,” which was critical to Cornwallis’ surrender at ers in the Yorktown Victory Center’s upcoming Revolution- Yorktown and the collapse of the British commitment to the ary War lecture series, presenting “‘Like the of God, war. Dr. Tilley will explore factors that impacted the battle, it passeth all understanding’: The Peace of (1763) and including personal relationships between key British com- the Unforeseeable American Revolution” on September 29. manders and communications problems that helped force Looking through the prism of a futurist novel published in Cornwallis’ surrender. 1763 that envisions ongoing 19th- and 20th-century wars The series concludes October 27 with “Origins of the with France, and later Russia, along with a slow decline of ,” presented by Abner (Woody) Linwood Holton British power, Dr. Anderson examines British views on the III, author and professor of history and American Studies at outcome of the Seven Years’ War and how the British did not the University of Richmond. Drawing from his book Unruly foresee the American Revolution. The Anderson lecture is and the Origins of the Constitution, Dr. Holton finds supported with a grant from Dominion Resources. present-day parallels in the crisis that led to the U.S. Con- This year’s series begins with a lecture by Yorktown Vic- stitution, pointing out that a deepening recession, skittish Center Senior Curator Sarah Meschutt on September investors, an insurmountable federal debt, anti- 22, “Patriots Claim a New Destiny; Loyalists Defend Their and falling real estate values were the very challenges that Heritage in the United States of America.” Framing the led to the ratification of the Constitution 224 years ago. American Revolution as a watershed period that shaped lives All four lectures are at 7 p.m. on Saturdays in the York- in new ways and offered immense opportunities for those town Victory Center’s Richard S. Reynolds Theater. Admis- with powerful networking skills and ingenuity, Dr. Meschutt sion is free, and advance reservations are recommended by explores the causes for which Loyalists and Patriots fought calling (757) 253-4572 or e-mailing [email protected]. The and died and their lives in the aftermath of the war. series is supported with private donations to the Jamestown- John Tilley, author and associate professor of history at Yorktown Foundation, Inc.

Delegate Stolle Appointed About the speakers Fred Anderson’s (September 29) extensive writings about the to Board of Trustees Seven Years’ War include the books The War That Made America: Virginia Delegate Christopher P. Stolle, M.D., of Virginia A Short History of the (2005) and Crucible Beach has been appointed to the Jamestown-Yorktown of War: The Seven Years’ War and the Fate of in British North Foundation Board of Trustees by House of Delegates America, 1754-1766 (2000). He is co-author, with Andrew Cay- ton, of The Dominion of War: Empire and in North America, Speaker William J. Howell to succeed William R. Janis. 1500-2000 (2005). Dr. Anderson earned a Ph.D. from Har- A retired Naval officer, Dr. Stolle is currently vice president vard University and has worked since 1983 at the University of of medical affairs at Riverside Regional Medical Center. He Colorado at Boulder, where he is Professor of Distinction and was elected to the House of Delegates in 2009 to represent Director of Honors in the College of Arts and Sciences. the 83rd District. In addition to his medical degree, Dr. Woody Holton’s (October 27) Unruly Americans and the Origins Stolle holds a master’s degree in business administration of the Constitution (2007) was a finalist for the National Book from the College of William and Mary. n Award. A two-time winner of the Virginia Literary Award for Non-Fiction, Dr. Holton also is author of (2009), winner of the Bancroft , and Forced Founders: Indians, Debt- American Revolution Museum at Yorktown ors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia continued from page 1 (1999). Dr. Holton received a Ph.D. from Duke University and is professor of history and American Studies at the University of that will serve as a focal point for arriving visitors. Featuring Richmond. museum galleries with immersive learning environments, in- Sarah Meschutt (September 22) has worked as senior curator teractive exhibits and period artifacts, the structure also will at the Yorktown Victory Center since 2008, with a key role in house classroom and event space, visitor services, gift shop, planning new permanent gallery exhibits. She previously was and support functions and will provide improved access to chief curator of art collections at the Museum of the Shenan- the museum’s outdoor re-created encamp- doah Valley in Winchester, consulting curator for the collec- ment and Revolutionary-period farm. The two outdoor areas tions at Kykuit House in Pocantico Hills, N.Y., and keeper of will be expanded and relocated. edged weapons at the Royal Armouries Museum, H.M. Tower of The Yorktown Victory Center will remain in operation London. She has a Ph.D. from Oxford University. during construction. The existing buildings will be demol- John Tilley (October 6) is author of The British Navy and the ished after the new building is complete, and new permanent American Revolution (1985) and The United States Coast Guard Aux- gallery exhibits will be fabricated and installed after the new iliary: A History (1992). He joined the faculty of East Carolina building is in use. Upon completion of the entire project, University, where he is associate professor of history, in 1983. with the new exhibition galleries ready for visitors, “Ameri- He previously was assistant curator of collections at The Mari- can Revolution Museum at Yorktown” will be the museum’s ners’ Museum and earned a Ph.D. from Ohio State University. name. n 2 Eagle-Pommel Saber, ‘Gateway’ Exhibition Continues to Mid-August; Lecture on June 9 Octant, Wooden Doll A watercolor from India depicting a woman in European- style dress is one of several artworks exhibited in Jamestown Acquired for Yorktown Settlement’s “The 17th Century: Gateway to the Modern An American-made saber engraved with the owner’s World” that reflect international trading connections. The name and the year 1776, a mid-18th-century English octant, exhibition, which was orga- and a circa 1770 English doll attired in period clothing have nized by the Virginia Museum been acquired with private donations to the Jamestown-York- of Fine Arts (VMFA) in cooper- town Foundation, Inc., for exhibit in the American Revolu- ation with the Jamestown-York- tion Museum at Yorktown galleries. town Foundation and continues The saber, a sword with a curved blade, has a silver through August 15, explores eagle pommel mounted to its hilt and is the transformational impact of fitted with a chain designed to help re- scientific advances, economic tain the piece in the holder’s grip. Also developments and social change known as a “hanger,” this sword type was in the 17th century. a popular choice for American officers This theme is featured in during the Revolution. Markings con- an illustrated lecture, “Cap- firm that the silver parts of the hilt were “Woman Raising Her Hands tains, Monarchs, Philosophers, made by Richard Humphreys of Philadel- Towards the Sun,” Golconda and Merchants: Picturing the School (1650-60), Deccan 17th Century,” presented by the phia. The inscription of the date 1776 (South India), 17th century, and name of the owner, Captain William opaque watercolor on paper. exhibition curator, Twyla Kitts, McKissack, indicate that this is one of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, VMFA literary and teacher pro- Kathleen Boone Samuels grams educator, at 7 p.m., June earliest sword hilts fitted with a pommel Memorial Fund. in the shape of an eagle’s head. Sym- 9, at Jamestown Settlement. bol of American patriotism, the eagle The exhibition and lecture are supported with grants from became a prominent motif on American James City and Altria Group and gifts from private swords, taking companies and individuals. n the place of the lion head closely associated with English heraldry. Generous Donations Benefit The octant is a type of naviga- tional instrument that would have New Museum, Educational been used on most vessels in the Programs, Annual Fund . Dating to 1750-60, the A grant of $50,000 from the Beazley Foundation, Inc., octant is likely the work of English of Portsmouth will support gallery exhibits in the American instrument makers Benjamin Cole Revolution Museum at Yorktown replacing the Yorktown senior or junior. Made of mahoga- Victory Center. A legacy of the late Fred W. Beazley, the ny or rosewood with brass fittings, foundation provides grants for an array of organizations the octant measures 20 inches over- and programs serving southeastern Virginia. A gift of all and is a rare example of an octant with inset boxwood $17,200 from Mr. and Mrs. Philip G. Emerson of Williams- scale, made during the brief transition from octants with burg also supports the new museum. solid boxwood arcs to instruments with inset ivory scales. A grant and a bequest of $10,000 each go toward English wooden dolls were a popular luxury trade Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation educational program- commodity in Revolutionary-era America and are depicted ming. A S. and Millicent P. Family Founda- in portraits of prosperous American tion grant supports the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation children. The recently acquired elementary school scholarship program, which provides 26-inch-tall doll came from Chalkley outreach and on-site education experiences for Virginia Farm in southern England where it students and teachers, in Richmond Public Schools. A resided for more than two centuries. bequest from the estate of the late F. Jay Ward, who served The doll is well-preserved, dressed in a as a member of the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, Inc., period silk gown, linen chemise, petti- Board of Directors and Council, benefits the Foundation, coats and bum roll. It has human hair Inc.’s endowment for education. hand-sewn into a silk skull cap covered Ferguson Enterprises, Inc., headquartered in Newport with a white cloth cap hidden under a News, and Carolyn and Bob Condon of Williamsburg each striped-silk over-bonnet. The turned contributed $10,000 to the Jamestown-Yorktown Founda- and hand-finished wooden body is jointed at the knees, tion, Inc., Annual Fund, which provides unrestricted fund- hips and elbows, and the upper arms are of hair-stuffed ing for a variety of museum programs. n linen cloth. n 3 Instead of the best arms in Europe, I have sent the worst: ’s Struggles to Buy European Arms During the Revolution By Thomas E. Davidson, Ph.D., Senior Curator, Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation

One of the challenges America’s leaders faced dur- but more arms were needed. While Franklin focused on ing the early years of the Revolutionary War was finding the major task of getting French recognition for American enough suitable weapons to equip Patriot forces. independence, Arthur Lee tried to develop contacts with In the first battles of the war, Americans both Spain and Prussia. carried a wide variety of civilian firearms, In 1777 Lee was appointed American commissioner many of which were not really suitable for to Spain and journeyed there to try to get support for military use. The the American cause. He had only limited success. Spain and the of the various newly in- was not enthusiastic about recognizing the United States, dependent states tried to remedy this problem because it had its own American colonies and thought the in two ways: by putting British colonies’ declaration of independence set a bad American gunsmiths to precedent. After being disappointed by Spain, Arthur Lee work making standard- focused his attention on Prussia. ized military muskets, Prussia also was unlikely to recognize American in- and by sending emissaries dependence. The Prussian King had abroad to buy muskets that close diplomatic ties with Britain and did not want to of- already had been made. fend Britain by publicly embracing America. Lee believed, American leaders be- however, that the Prussians still might sell arms to America lieved the quickest way to through backdoor channels. Lee was an admirer of Prussia get the tens of thousands and believed that the standard Prussian infantry musket of military muskets they was the best in Europe. In 1778 he wrote to the needed was to buy them in of Virginia, “I am so persuaded of the superior excellence Europe. At this time there of the Prussian muskets that I shall do every thing in my was no true mass produc- power to furnish you with ten thousand of them.” tion of firearms; each What followed was months of frustratingly inconclusive individual gun had to negotiations with Prussian officials. The Prussian minister Each musket be put together by a gun- had the letters FR (for Lee was dealing with, Baron Schulenberg, strung the Amer- smith. However the nations King Frederick the Great) ican diplomat along, making vague promises that didn’t of Europe recognized the engraved on it, as exempli- result in tangible fied in this 18th-century advantage of equipping their musket recently acquired for support. In addition, armies with guns made to the Jamestown-Yorktown Britain’s ambassador a standard pattern. If all Foundation collection. The to Prussia undercut Prussians didn’t want these of the infantry muskets an “official” Prussian guns to Lee at every turn. army used were of the same get into the hands of the The British even caliber, could be fitted with Americans, so they provided arranged for some- unmarked substitutes. the same bayonet, and had one to break into the same kind of gunlock, it was much easier to keep that Arthur Lee’s quarters army supplied with all necessary arms and ammunition. and steal his secret The most important European states therefore established diplomatic correspon- government-regulated armories where gunsmiths made dence while he was guns to a standard pattern or model. in Prussia, creating a Obviously the British government was not going to minor international sell the Americans their famous “” muskets, incident. but three other major European states had the capacity to Finally, in 1778, supply America with the guns needed. France, Spain and Baron Schulenberg Prussia all had major armaments industries that produced agreed to do some- standardized military muskets for their own armies. If thing for Lee. He King Frederick the Great reformed the Prussian army, introducing new weapons these states could be persuaded to sell muskets to America, put Lee in touch with and tactics. Public domain image. America’s supply problem would be solved. someone at Prus- In 1776 the Continental Congress decided to send sia’s Potsdam arsenal who would arrange a private sale of and Arthur Lee to France to get sup- armory muskets to the Americans. The muskets were to port for the American cause. Part of their mission was to be Prussia’s latest and best, just like those that went to the procure weapons for the Continental Army. Prussian army, but without Prussian markings. was already there and had had some preliminary success, continued on next page 4 Statue Exhibited at U.S. Capitol 1870-1950 Now Part of Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation Collection

A life-size cast plaster statue of wears his military uniform but car- that once stood ries a civilian walking stick. in the Hall of Representatives of the In 1853 the Virginia General U.S. Capitol is now in the collection Assembly approved a request from of the Jamestown-Yorktown Founda- British-born sculptor William tion, destined for permanent exhibit James Hubard to make castings of at the American Revolution Museum Houdon’s statue of Washington. at Yorktown replacing the Yorktown Holding the exclusive right to make Victory Center. Made by William copies over a term of seven years, James Hubard in the mid-19th Hubard made bronze and plaster century, the plaster work is an exact statues from a mold created from replica of a marble statue by Jean- the castings. Antoine Houdon that resides in the Six of Hubard’s bronze copies in Richmond. are known today, but this may be In 1786, three years after Wash- the only surviving plaster rendition. ington resigned his commission as The U.S. government ordered a commander-in-chief of the Continen- Hubard statue in 1860, but the Civil tal Army to return to private life, the War broke out before it could be Virginia General Assembly resolved to delivered. The statue remained honor him with a “monument of affec- in Hubard’s possession, even after tion and gratitude” by commission- the artist converted his Richmond ing a statue of the “finest marble and studio from statue casting to am- best workmanship” to be exhibited in munition manufacturing. Hubard the Capitol Rotunda. The American died in an accident while serving in ambassador to Paris, Thomas Jeffer- the war, and his widow finally sold son, recommended Houdon, a French the plaster statue to the U.S. govern- neoclassical sculptor. ment in 1870. Houdon traveled to Wash- Hubard’s statue stood in the ington’s estate in Hall of Representatives for 80 years Virginia, where he executed clay and in 1950 was transferred to the life models and a plaster life mask Smithsonian Institution, where it to serve as models for the statue, was stored for more than a half created between 1786 and 1795. century. The statue was secured by Houdon portrayed Washington as the Library of Virginia in 2007 and a modern Cincinnatus, the Roman Hubard statue of George Washington after conser- was later conveyed to the Jamestown- farmer who left his land to fight for his vation by the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation. Yorktown Foundation, which had the country and, after victory as a general, piece conserved in preparation for returned to his farm as a man of simplicity and peace. He public exhibit for the first time since the mid-20th century. n

continued from previous page Lee was delighted with this arrangement and looked ture came to its unsatisfactory end, France had joined in the forward to receiving the muskets, which finally were war on America’s side. America could now get the very good shipped in December 1778. To Lee’s horror, he discovered Charleville muskets that the French made for their own army. that the Prussian muskets he worked so hard to get were of In the later years of the war, Americans ran short of many very poor quality. They were not standard Prussian military things, but a combination of French muskets, American- muskets at all, but inferior copies made out of obsolete and made muskets and captured British muskets gave the Ameri- non-standard parts by workmen who did not know what can forces what was needed to bring the war to a successful they were doing. Arthur Lee complained vociferously to conclusion. Arthur Lee’s diplomatic failures in Prussia and the Prussian authorities but apparently never got the up-to- Spain are overshadowed by his contributions to the successful date muskets he paid for. American diplomatic efforts in France, which led ultimately Fortunately, by the time Arthur Lee’s Prussian adven- to the great American-French victory at Yorktown. n 5 ‘The Yorktown Chronicles’ Debuts on Historyisfun.org Website The generals who commanded opposing sides at the the American Revolution through essays, timelines and a 1781 have leading roles in “The Yorktown series of eight short videos featuring character portrayals Chronicles,” a new section of the Jamestown-Yorktown in which Generals George Washington and Charles Corn- Foundation’s historyisfun.org website. wallis discuss their views on taxation, the Declaration of “The Yorktown Chronicles,” funded by a private Independence, military leadership and the aftermath of the family foundation, presents a comprehensive overview of Revolution. Biographical essays explore in depth the long, distinguished public service careers of both men. Timelines trace events of the Revolutionary period, from the end of the French and Indian War in 1763 to the inauguration of Washington as the first president of the United States in 1789, and events leading up to the Siege of Yorktown, culminating in the British surrender on Octo- ber 19, 1781. An expansive glossary provides supplemental information about people and events of the Revolution. American, British and world perspectives on the American Revolution are considered in three thought-provoking essays. “The Yorktown Chronicles” (http://historyisfun.org/ yorktown-chronicles/index.htm) joins an array of educa- tional materials on the historyisfun.org website designed to reach teachers and students across the nation and enhances the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation’s offerings on the American Revolution. Another recent addition to the website is “All About the Revolution,” a blog that provides commentary on a variety of historical topics and highlights objects in the Yorktown museum collection. n

Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation Presents Workshop at National Social Studies Conference Among offerings at the last annual conference of the Workshop participants were engaged in two role-play National Council for the Social Studies was a Jamestown- scenarios, using historical clothing, a hand of tobacco, and Yorktown Foundation workshop, “Tobacco, Toil & Trade: tobacco crop and transfer notes. “Show Me the Money” The Cost of Profit in Colonial America,” presented by stressed the importance of tobacco as a form of currency in Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation Senior Outreach Instruc- colonial economies. “Should I Sign?” explored the choice tor Michael Crookshank and Lead Historical Interpreter of in the hope of securing a promis- Stephen Phillips. ing future in the American colonies. The hour-long workshop combined a presentation on The Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation instructors re- the tobacco economy of the mid-Atlantic colonies with role ported “tremendously positive feedback from the teachers, play. Goals were to communicate the impact of tobacco both for our presentation and the quality of the instruc- cultivation on population demographics, the slave trade tional materials,” and “great participation by the teachers in and American Indians and to provide experience in using the role plays.” Many participants in the session said they a hands-on, planned to use role play in their classrooms. inquiry method In addition to the workshop, the Jamestown-Yorktown of teaching. Foundation staffed an exhibit booth at the NCSS confer- ence, building awareness of curriculum-based, on-site education programs and electronic resources for teachers related to the historical themes of Jamestown Settle- ment and the Yorktown Victory Center. n

A hand of tobacco and a crop note were used in role play.

6 Young New Citizens Godspeed Part of Recognized in Ceremony at Jamestown Settlement OpSail 2012 Virginia Jamestown Settlement’s Godspeed is participating in A group of 25 young people from across the globe, the OpSail 2012 Virginia, with visits to Yorktown and Norfolk in children of naturalized citizens, took the Oath of Allegiance June. The Port of Virginia and five other historic U.S. ports to the United States and received Certificates of Citizenship – New Orleans, City, , and New in a March 10 ceremony at Jamestown Settlement hosted London – are part of OpSail 2012, which commemorates by the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation and the Williams- the Bicentennial of the . burg Chapter National Society Daughters of the American Yorktown, an affiliate port with OpSail 2012 Virginia, Revolution (NSDAR) in partnership with U.S. Citizenship is the set- and Immigration Services (USCIS) of the Department of ting for Homeland Security. Yorktown “Our nation had its beginnings in the Historic Triangle, Maritime and Jamestown Settlement provided an ideal setting to wel- Weekend come these new citizens,” said Virginia Lee, vice chairman Friday of for the Williamsburg Chapter NSDAR. through Participants ranging in age from 9 to 20 were from Sunday, Bangladesh, Burma, , Egypt, France, India, Iran, June Mexico, , Peru, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, 1-3. The , Vietnam, Ukraine and the . Godspeed, Individuals who are under 18 at the time their parents are along with naturalized are entitled to a Certificate of Citizenship. The Godspeed hosted 3,000 visitors at Norfolk the Spirit The program included a welcome from Jamestown- Harborfest last year. of Yorktown Foundation, Inc., President Sue Gerdelman, who and Lynx, will be open for public tours at Riverwalk Land- also introduced the principal speaker, Dr. Robert Martínez, ing from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Friday, 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and 5 vice president business development at Norfolk Southern to 7 p.m. on Saturday, and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Sunday, and Corporation and member of the Foundation, Inc., Board of will join a parade of sail in the York River from 2 to 4 p.m. Directors. Born in Cuba, Dr. Martínez received a Certificate on Saturday afternoon. of Citizenship at age 16 after his parents were naturalized. The Godspeed will have a leading position, just behind Following the ceremony, participants and their families the U.S. Coast Guard’s Eagle, in an international fleet of tra- were invited on guided tours of Jamestown Settlement. n ditional sailing ships that sets out on a parade early Friday morning, June 8, from the lower Bay, arriving in Norfolk in early afternoon. The Godspeed will be docked at the Norfolk waterfront on the Elizabeth River over the next several days during the city’s annual Harborfest mari- time festival, held this year in conjunction with OpSail 2012 Virginia, and will be open to the public 3 to 4:30 p.m. June 8 and noon to 8 p.m. June 9, 10 and 11. The ships will depart en masse from Norfolk on June 12, with the Godspeed heading to Jamestown Settlement as much of the fleet sails up the Chesapeake Bay toward Members of the Jamestown Settlement Honor Guard and the George Baltimore, the next OpSail 2012 port of call. The Godspeed Wythe Society Children of the American Revolution (CAR) led partici- is expected to reopen to visitors at Jamestown Settlement by pants to Jamestown Settlement’s Robins Foundation Theater, where June 18. the Certificate of Citizenship ceremony took place. Two Godspeed voyages are planned in the fall. The ship will host student groups and public tours in Lancaster County October 5 and at the Urbanna Oyster Festival November 1-3. n

Dr. Robert Martínez, past recipient of a Certificate of Citizenship, shared his personal experience with the new citizens, telling them “we are American by conviction.” Shown next to him on the stage are USCIS Immigration Services Officer Deborah Martin and Norfolk Field Office Director Stephanie Reither; Jamestown-Yorktown Foun- dation, Inc., President Sue Gerdelman; Williamsburg Chapter NSDAR Second Vice Regent Joni Stevens and Regent Pamela Meiring; and Society CAR President Madison Pons. 7 Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation NONPROFIT ORG P.O. Box 1607 U.S. POSTAGE Williamsburg, VA 23187-1607 PAID Yorktown, VA Permit No. 2441 The Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, an educational institution of the of Virginia accredited by the American Association Address Service Requested of Museums, fosters through its living-history museums – Jamestown Settlement and Yorktown Victory Center – an awareness and understanding of the early history, settlement, and development of the United States through the convergence of American Indian, European, and African cultures and the enduring legacies bequeathed to the nation.

Philip G. Emerson, Executive Director

Jamestown Settlement and Yorktown Victory Center are open 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, until 6 p.m. June 15 - August 15. Closed December 25 and January 1. (757) 253-4838 • (888) 593-4682 toll-free www.historyisfun.org

Dispatch Volume 26, No. 2 Printed May 2012 Deborah Padgett, Editor Holly Winslow, Designer Marketing & Retail Operations

Calendar June 1-30 , 6:30-9:30 p.m. other diversions of the 17th and 18th Seed to Stalk Theme Month Party on the Pier centuries are featured. Jamestown Settlement & Jamestown Settlement Yorktown Victory Center Music by Slapwater, barbecue dinner. September 22 and 29, American agriculture of the 17th Susan Constant open to guests. For tickets October 6 and 27, 7 p.m. and 18th centuries is the focus of – $20 in advance, $25 at the door, $5 for Revolutionary War Lecture Series interpretive programs. ages 3-12 – and information, visit Yorktown Victory Center www.historyisfun.org/partyonthepier.htm September 22 – “Patriots Claim a Through August 15 or call (757) 253-4722. Proceeds benefit New Destiny; Loyalists Defend Their “The 17th Century: Gateway to the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation Heritage in the United States of Modern World” museum and education programs. America” Jamestown Settlement September 29 – “The Peace of Special exhibition organized by the July 3-4 Paris (1763) and the Unforeseeable Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA) Liberty Celebration American Revolution” explores developments that set in Yorktown Victory Center October 6 – “Battle of the Capes” motion the transition from “old” world Tactical drills, military exercises October 27 – “Origins of the of the Mediterranean to a new globally and role-playing demonstrations Constitution” connected world in the 17th century. salute the anniversary of America’s See story on page 2. independence. June 9, 7 p.m. “Captains, Monarchs, Philosophers, August 1-31 October 20-21 and Merchants: Picturing the 17th Pastimes of Colonial Virginia Yorktown Victory Celebration Century” Lecture Theme Month Yorktown Victory Center Jamestown Settlement Jamestown Settlement & Military life and artillery VMFA’s Twyla Kitts, curator of Yorktown Victory Center demonstrations mark the 231st Jamestown Settlement’s “Gateway to Period games – corncob darts, hoops, anniversary of America’s momentous the Modern World” exhibition, uses ninepins, mancala and quoits – and Revolutionary War victory at Yorktown. artwork to illustrate the dramatic changes in technology and philosophy Admission to evening lectures is free. Advance reservations are recommended that set the stage for the modern world. by calling (757)253-4572 or e-mailing [email protected].