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Greenland - DMI Historical Climate Data Collection 1784-2013 -With Danish Abstracts Technical Report 14-04 Greenland - DMI Historical Climate Data Collection 1784-2013 -with Danish Abstracts John Cappelen (ed) Copenhagen 2014 http://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/Rapporter/TR/tr14-04 page 1 of 90 Technical Report 14-04 Colophon Serial title: Technical Report 14-04 Title: Greenland - DMI Historical Climate Data Collection 1784-2013 Subtitle: - with Danish Abstracts Author(s): John Cappelen (ed) Other contributors: Claus Kern-Hansen, Ellen Vaarby Laursen og Peter Viskum Jørgensen Responsible institution: Danish Meteorological Institute Language: English Keywords: Greenland, pressure obervations, daily, monthly and annual climate data, time series, graphics, temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, cloud cover, snow cover Url: http://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/Rapporter/TR/tr14-04 ISSN:1399-1388 Website: www.dmi.dk Copyright: Danish Meteorological Institute. It is allowed to copy and extract from the publication with a specification of the source material. Important note: This report is an annual update (2013 data) of the “DMI observational, daily, monthly and annual Greenlandic climate data collection” published for the first time in that form in 1) DMI Technical Report 08-05: DMI Daily Climate Data Collection 1873-2007, Denmark, The Faroe Islands and Greenland - including Air Pressure Observations 1874-2007 (WASA Data Sets). Copenhagen 2008 [8], 2) DMI Technical Report 04-03: DMI Daily Climate Data Collection 1873- 2003, Denmark and Greenland. Copenhagen 2004. [25], 3) DMI Monthly Climate Data Collection 1860-2002, Den- mark, The Faroe Island and Greenland. An update of: NACD, REWARD, NORDKLIM and NARP datasets, Version 1. DMI Technical Report No. 03-26. Copenhagen 2003. [21] and 4) DMI Technical Report 05-06: DMI annual climate data collection 1873-2004, Denmark, The Faroe Islands and Greenland - with Graphics and Danish Abstracts. Copen- hagen 2005 [7]. Front Page: August 2006 – dog sledges waiting for winter time, Ilulissat. Photo: John Cappelen. http://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/Rapporter/TR/tr14-04 page 2 of 90 Technical Report 14-04 Content: Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Resumé ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Preface .................................................................................................................................................. 6 2. Overall data overview ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Stations ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Products ..................................................................................................................................... 9 3. Climate and weather in general; Greenland ................................................................................... 11 4. Observational Section: Historical DMI Data Collection ............................................................... 23 4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 24 4.2. Data sets, station series and parameters .................................................................................. 26 4.2.1. Atmospheric pressure ....................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2. Data Dictionary ................................................................................................................ 26 5. Daily Section: Historical DMI Data Collection ............................................................................. 27 5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 28 5.2. Data sets, station series and parameters .................................................................................. 29 5.2.1. Accumulated precipitation ............................................................................................... 29 5.2.2 Lowest temperature ........................................................................................................... 29 5.2.3 Highest temperature .......................................................................................................... 29 5.2.4 Data Dictionary ................................................................................................................. 29 6. Monthly Section: Historical DMI Data Collection ........................................................................ 30 6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 31 6.2. Data sets, station series and parameters .................................................................................. 33 6.2.1. Accumulated precipitation ............................................................................................... 33 6.2.2. Highest 24-hour precipitation .......................................................................................... 33 6.2.3. Mean temperature ............................................................................................................ 34 6.2.4. Mean daily maximum temperature .................................................................................. 34 6.2.5. Highest temperature ......................................................................................................... 35 6.2.6. Mean daily minimum temperature ................................................................................... 36 6.2.7. Lowest temperature .......................................................................................................... 36 6.2.8. Mean atmospheric pressure .............................................................................................. 37 6.2.9. Number of days with snow cover .................................................................................... 37 6.2.10. Cloud cover .................................................................................................................... 38 6.2.11 Data Dictionary ............................................................................................................... 38 7. Annual Section: Historical DMI Data Collection .......................................................................... 39 7.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 41 7.2. Data sets, station series, parameters and graphics .................................................................. 43 7.2.1. Annual values 1784-2013; Greenland.............................................................................. 43 7.2.2. Annual mean temperatures and filtered values for seven meteorological stations in Greenland; 1873-2013................................................................................................................ 43 7.2.3. Graphics; annual mean temperatures and filtered values for seven meteorological stations in Greenland; 1873-2013 .............................................................................................. 43 References ...................................................................................................................................... 47 Previous reports.................................................................................................................................. 49 Appendices - File formats and metadata ............................................................................................ 50 Appendix 1. Station history - File Formats and metadata .................................................................. 51 Appendix 1.1. File formats; Station position file ........................................................................... 51 Appendix 1.2. Metadata - Station history ...................................................................................... 52 Appendix 2. Observational section - File Formats and metadata ...................................................... 55 Appendix 2.1. File Formats; Observation data files ...................................................................... 55 Appendix 2.2. Metadata - Description of observational atmospheric pressure datasets ................ 56 http://www.dmi.dk/fileadmin/Rapporter/TR/tr14-04 page 3 of 90 Technical Report 14-04 Appendix 3. Daily section – File formats and metadata .................................................................... 57 Appendix 3.1. File formats; Daily data files .................................................................................. 57 Appendix 3.2. Metadata - Description of daily station data series ................................................ 60 Appendix 3.3. Introduction of the Hellmann rain gauge and Stevenson screens .......................... 61 Appendix 4. Monthly section - File formats and metadata ................................................................ 62 Appendix 4.1. File formats; Monthly data files ............................................................................. 62 Appendix 4.2. Metadata
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