DOCSLIB.ORG

Exploring 3D User Interface Technologies for Improving the Gaming Experience

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exploring 3D User Interface Technologies for Improving the Gaming Experience EXPLORING 3D USER INTERFACE TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE GAMING EXPERIENCE by ARUN KUMAR KULSHRESHTH M.S. University of Central Florida, 2012 M.Tech. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 2005 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Computer Science in the College of Engineering & Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2015 Major Professor: Joseph J. LaViola Jr. c 2015 Arun Kumar Kulshreshth ii ABSTRACT 3D user interface technologies have the potential to make games more immersive & engaging and thus potentially provide a better user experience to gamers. Although 3D user interface technolo- gies are available for games, it is still unclear how their usage affects game play and if there are any user performance benefits. A systematic study of these technologies in game environments is required to understand how game play is affected and how we can optimize the usage in order to achieve better game play experience. This dissertation seeks to improve the gaming experience by exploring several 3DUI technologies. In this work, we focused on stereoscopic 3D viewing (to improve viewing experience) coupled with motion based control, head tracking (to make games more engaging), and faster gesture based menu selection (to reduce cognitive burden associated with menu interaction while playing). We first studied each of these technologies in isolation to understand their benefits for games. We present the results of our experiments to evaluate benefits of stereoscopic 3D (when coupled with motion based control) and head tracking in games. We discuss the reasons behind these findings and provide recommendations for game designers who want to make use of these technologies to enhance gaming experiences. We also present the results of our experiments with finger-based menu selection techniques with an aim to find out the fastest technique. Based on these findings, we custom designed an air-combat game prototype which simultaneously uses stereoscopic 3D, head tracking, and finger-count shortcuts to prove that these technologies could be useful for games if the game is designed with these technologies in mind. Additionally, to enhance depth discrimination and minimize visual discomfort, the game dynamically optimizes iii stereoscopic 3D parameters (convergence and separation) based on the user’s look direction. We conducted a within subjects experiment where we examined performance data and self-reported data on users perception of the game. Our results indicate that participants performed significantly better when all the 3DUI technologies (stereoscopic 3D, head-tracking and finger-count gestures) were available simultaneously with head tracking as a dominant factor. We explore the individual contribution of each of these technologies to the overall gaming experience and discuss the reasons behind our findings. Our experiments indicate that 3D user interface technologies could make gaming experience better if used effectively. The games must be designed to make use of the 3D user interface technologies available in order to provide a better gaming experience to the user. We explored a few technologies as part of this work and obtained some design guidelines for future game designers. We hope that our work will serve as the framework for the future explorations of making games better using 3D user interface technologies. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Joseph J. LaViola Jr., for his guidance and support that made this dissertation much more coherent. I also wish to thank the esteemed members of my dissertation committee, Dr. Niels da Vitoria Lobo, Dr. Charles E. Hughes, and Dr. Maic Masuch for their valuable feedback and guidance. I wish to acknowledge the assistance of past and present members of Interactive Systems and User Experience Research Cluster of Excellence (ISUERCE), without whose support this work would not have been possible. A special thanks goes to Jeff Cashion for the website he designed for managing user study participants. I am sincerely grateful to my family, especially my wife, and friends who beared with me throughout this journey. This work is supported in part by NSF CAREER award IIS-0845921, and NSF awards IIS-0856045 and CCF-1012056. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES . xiii LIST OF TABLES . .xviii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Motivation . 1 Statement of Research Question . 1 Contributions . 3 Dissertation Outline . 6 CHAPTER 2: RELATED WORK . 7 Stereoscopic 3D . 8 Performance with Display Type . 9 Interplay with Interaction Technique and Motion Cues . 10 Stereoscopic 3D Game Design . 11 Negative Aspects of Stereoscopic 3D . 11 Stereoscopic 3D Optimizations . 11 vi Head Tracking . 12 Gesture Based Menu Selection . 15 Using Several Technologies Simultaneously . 17 Evaluating Game Performance . 19 CHAPTER 3: STEREOSCOPIC 3D IN GAMES . 20 Introduction . 20 User Evaluations . 21 Participants and Equipment . 21 Experimental Task . 22 Design and Procedure . 23 Quantitative and Qualitative Metrics . 24 Procedure . 27 Selecting the Games . 28 Results and Analysis . 30 Hustle Kings . 30 Pain.......................................... 32 The Fight: Lights Out . 34 vii Tumble . 35 Virtua Tennis 4 . 37 Stereoscopic 3D Questions . 38 Discussion . 39 Conclusion . 43 CHAPTER 4: HEAD TRACKING IN GAMES . 44 Introduction . 44 Selecting the Games . 44 User Evaluations . 46 Participants and Equipment . 47 Experimental Task . 49 Design and Procedure . 49 Quantitative and Qualitative Metrics . 50 Procedure . 53 Results and Analysis . 53 Arma II . 54 Dirt 2 . 55 viii Microsoft Flight . 57 Wings of Prey . 59 Head Tracking Questions . 61 Discussion . 61 Conclusion . 65 CHAPTER 5: FINGER COUNT BASED MENU SELECTION . 67 Introduction . 67 Menu Selection Techniques . 68 Hand-n-Hold Menu . 69 Thumbs-Up Menu . 70 Finger-Count Menu . 71 3D Marking Menu . 72 User Evaluations . 73 Subjects and Apparatus . 74 Procedure . 75 Experiment 1: Hand-n-Hold, Thumbs-Up, and Finger-Count Menu Comparison . 75 Experiment Design . 76 ix Quantitative Results . 77 Qualitative Results . 80 Experiment 2: Compare Finger-Count Menu with 3D Marking Menu . 83 Experimental Design . 84 Quantitative Results . 84 Qualitative Results . 86 Discussion . 87 Conclusion . 91 CHAPTER 6: DYNAMIC STEREOSCOPIC 3D PARAMETERS . 92 Introduction . 92 Dynamic Stereoscopic 3D . 93 Type 1: Large depth range variation . 93 Type 2: Large object in front of camera . 95 Implementation Details . 96 User Evaluations . 99 Results . 100.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • P15083: Virtual Visualization for Anatomy Teaching, Training and Surgery Simulation Applications
    P15083: Virtual Visualization for Anatomy Teaching, Training and Surgery Simulation Applications Problem Definition Preamble ● Thank you for attending our review! We are looking for: ● constructive criticisms ● outside perspective Team Member Introduction Member Role Alex Dawson-Elli Team Lead - Biomedical Engineer Nate Burrell Biomedical Engineer Jascha Wilcox Biomedical Engineer Kenny LaMarca Computer Engineer Kevin Alexandre Computer Engineer context context volume rendering stereo visualization technology Background ● Anatomy is inherently a 3D problem ● conventional teaching techniques: ○ book -> 2D ○ dissection -> may discourage some students ● Modern technology is underutilized in the classroom Problem Statement Current State:Students learning anatomy from a textbook, at a low level of excitement, and a low level of exposure to modern imaging modalities Desired State: Students learning in a stereoscopic anatomy visualization environment, with a high level of excitement, and a high level of exposure to modern imaging modalities Project Goals: create a fully virtual stereo anatomy viewer Constraints: budget, pre-designed hardware, must use existing data set Stakeholders ● Project advisor ○ Dr. Christian Linte ● Teachers ○ Instructor of students (grade 6-12) ● Students ○ Our target age group is middle and high school students (grade 6-12) Use Scenario Customer Needs Customer Rqmt. # Importance Description CR1 9 Easy for a teacher to learn CR2 9 Easy for the Student to use CR3 9 Graphical Interface CR4 9 Stereo Viewing System, in 3D
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Control Device and Task Complexity on Performance and Task Shedding During a Robotic Arm Task
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Psychology Theses & Dissertations Psychology Spring 2019 Effects of Control Device and Task Complexity on Performance and Task Shedding During a Robotic Arm Task Shelby K. Long Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/psychology_etds Part of the Applied Behavior Analysis Commons, Human Factors Psychology Commons, and the Robotics Commons Recommended Citation Long, Shelby K.. "Effects of Control Device and Task Complexity on Performance and Task Shedding During a Robotic Arm Task" (2019). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Psychology, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/yh1y-0016 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/psychology_etds/231 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Psychology Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECTS OF CONTROL DEVICE AND TASK COMPLEXITY ON PERFORMANCE AND TASK SHEDDING DURING A ROBOTIC ARM TASK by Shelby K. Long B.S. December 2013, Georgia Institute of Technology A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE PSYCHOLOGY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2019 Approved by: James P. Bliss (Director) Yusuke Yamani (Member) Xiaoxiao Hu (Member) ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF CONTROL DEVICE AND TASK COMPLEXITY ON PERFORMANCE AND TASK SHEDDING DURING A ROBOTIC ARM TASK Shelby K. Long Old Dominion University, 2019 Director: Dr. James P. Bliss The use of robotic arms across domains is increasing, but the relationship between control features and performance is not fully understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Leap Motion Controllertm
    Leap Motion ControllerTM The world’s leading hand tracking technology The Leap Motion Controller from Ultraleap is an optical hand tracking module that captures the movement of users’ hands and fingers so they can interact naturally with digital content. Small, fast, and accurate, the Leap Motion Controller can be used for productivity applications with Windows computers, integrated into enterprise- grade hardware solutions or displays, or attached to virtual/augmented reality headsets for AR/VR/XR prototyping, research, and development. The controller is capable of tracking hands within a 3D interactive zone that extends up to 60cm (24”) or more, extending from the device in a 120×150° field of view. Leap Motion‘s software is able to discern 27 distinct hand elements, including bones and joints, and track them even when they are obscured by other parts of the hand. With a 120Hz refresh rate and low-latency software, the time between motion and photon falls beneath the human perception threshold1. An accessory component, the VR Developer Mount, allows for easy, reliable, and consistent attachment of the device to virtual reality headsets such as the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive. The Leap Motion App Gallery features 75+ legacy desktop applications and a demo suite for virtual reality. Example applications • Entertainment (location-based VR/AR experiences, arcades, amusement parks) • Healthcare (stroke rehabilitation, training, mirror, medical imaging, lazy eye treatment) • Therapy and Education (anatomic visualizations, hands-on learning) • Personnel training (flight simulators, complex computer systems) • Industrial design and engineering (automotive, assembly lines, facilities management) • Robotics (telepresence, robotic controls, AI-assisted teaching) The Leap Motion Controller features a 120×150° • Global team collaboration field of view and an interactive tracking range of more than 2 feet (60cm).
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Menu Interactions in VR with Leap Motion Masterarbeit
    Natural Menu Interactions in VR with Leap Motion Masterarbeit Zur Erlangung des Grades Master of Science (M.Sc.) im Studiengang Informatik vorgelegt von Björn Zeutzheim Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Stefan Müller (Institut für Computervisualistik, AG Computergraphik) Zweitgutachter: Nils Höhner, M.Sc. (Institut für Wissensmedien, IWM) Koblenz, der 6. September 2019 Erklärung Ich versichere, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig verfasst und keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt habe. Ja Nein Mit der Einstellung dieser Arbeit in die Bibliothek bin ich einverstanden. □ □ . (Ort, Datum) (Unterschrift) Abstract With the appearance of modern virtual reality (VR) headsets on the consumer market, there has been the biggest boom in the history of VR technology. Naturally, this was accompanied by an increasing focus on the problems of current VR hardware. Especially the control in VR has always been a complex topic. One possible solution is the Leap Motion, a hand tracking device that was initially developed for desktop use, but with the last major software update it can be attached to standard VR headsets. This device allows very precise tracking of the user’s hands and fingers and their replication in the virtual world. The aim of this work is to design virtual user interfaces that can be operated with the Leap Motion to provide a natural method of interaction between the user and the VR environment. After that, subject tests are performed to evaluate their performance and compare them to traditional VR controllers. Zusammenfassung Mit dem Erscheinen moderner Virtual Reality (VR) Headsets auf dem Verbrauchermarkt, gab es den bisher größten Aufschwung in der Geschichte der VR Technologie.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Católica De Santiago De Guayaquil Facultad De Artes Y Humanidades Carrera De Ingenieria En Producción Y Dirección En Artes Multimedia
    UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTIAGO DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE ARTES Y HUMANIDADES CARRERA DE INGENIERIA EN PRODUCCIÓN Y DIRECCIÓN EN ARTES MULTIMEDIA TÌTULO: CREACIÓN DE UNA APLICACIÓN MULTIMEDIA QUE DESARROLLE POR MEDIO DE JUEGOS Y ACTIVIDADES LAS HABILIDADES MOTRICES FINAS EN LOS NIÑOS DE PREESCOLAR USANDO LA REALIDAD VIRTUAL EN LOS DISPOSITIVOS MÓVILES TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO EN PRODUCCIÓN Y DIRECCIÓN EN ARTES MULTIMEDIA AUTOR: ROBERTO ADELKARÍN BELTRÁN LUCAS TUTOR: LIC. LAMBERT SARANGO YAMIL, MGS Guayaquil, Ecuador 2015 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTIAGO DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE ARTES Y HUMANIDADES INGENIERIA EN PRODUCCIÓN Y DIRECCIÓN EN ARTES MULTIMEDIA CERTIFICACIÓN Certificamos que el presente trabajo fue realizado en su totalidad por Roberto Adelkarín Beltrán Lucas, como requerimiento parcial para la obtención del Título de Ingeniero en Producción y Dirección de Arte Multimedia. TUTOR ______________________ Lic. Yamil Lambert Sarango, Mgs DIRECTOR DE LA CARRERA ______________________ Lic. Víctor Hugo Moreno, Mgs Guayaquil, a los 29 del mes de septiembre del año 2015 UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTIAGO DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE ARTES Y HUMANIDADES INGENIERIA EN PRODUCCIÓN Y DIRECCIÓN EN ARTES MULTIMEDIA DECLARACIÓN DE RESPONSABILIDAD Yo, Roberto Adelkarín Beltrán Lucas DECLARO QUE: El Trabajo de Titulación Creación de una aplicación multimedia que a través de juegos y actividades desarrolle las habilidades cognitivas y motrices en los niños de preescolar, usando para ello la realidad virtual en los dispositivos móviles previa a la obtención del Título de Ingeniería en producción y dirección de arte multimedia, ha sido desarrollado respetando derechos intelectuales de terceros conforme las citas que constan al pie de las páginas correspondientes, cuyas fuentes se incorporan en la bibliografía.
    [Show full text]
  • Inverse Kinematic Infrared Optical Finger Tracking
    Inverse Kinematic Infrared Optical Finger Tracking Gerrit Hillebrand1, Martin Bauer2, Kurt Achatz1, Gudrun Klinker2 1Advanced Realtime Tracking GmbH ∗ Am Oferl¨ 3 Weilheim, Germany 2Technische Universit¨atM¨unchen Institut f¨urInformatik Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching b. M¨unchen, Germany e·mail: [email protected] Abstract the fingertips are tracked. All further parameters, such as the angles between the phalanx bones, are Human hand and finger tracking is an important calculated from that. This approach is inverse input modality for both virtual and augmented compared to the current glove technology and re- reality. We present a novel device that overcomes sults in much better accuracy. Additionally, the the disadvantages of current glove-based or vision- device is lightweight and comfortable to use. based solutions by using inverse-kinematic models of the human hand. The fingertips are tracked by an optical infrared tracking system and the pose of the phalanxes is calculated from the known anatomy of the hand. The new device is lightweight and accurate and allows almost arbitrary hand movement. Exami- nations of the flexibility of the hand have shown that this new approach is practical because ambi- guities in the relationship between finger tip posi- tions and joint positions, which are theoretically possible, occur only scarcely in practical use. Figure 1: The inverse kinematic infrared optical finger tracker Keywords: Optical Tracking, Finger Tracking, Motion Capture 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work While even a standard keyboard can be seen For many people, the most important and natural as an input device based on human finger mo- way to interact with the environment is by using tion, we consider only input methods that allow their hands.
    [Show full text]
  • Whitepaper Head Mounted Displays & Data Glasses Applications and Systems
    Whitepaper Head Mounted Displays & Data Glasses Applications and Systems Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Kfm. Christoph Runde Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) Fellbach Auberlenstr. 13 70736 Fellbach www.vdc-fellbach.de © Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) System classes Application fields Directions of development Summary Content . System classes Head Mounted Display (HMD) – Video glasses – Data glasses . Simulator disease / Cyber Sickness . Application fields HMDs: interior inspections, training, virtual hedging engineering / ergonomics . Application fields data glasses: process support, teleservice, consistency checks, collaboration . Directions of development: technical specifications, (eye) tracking, retinal displays, light field technology, imaging depth sensors . Application preconditions information & integration (human, IT, processes) . Final remark 2 SystemSystem classes classes Application fields Directions of development Summary Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) – Overview . 1961: first HMD on market . 1965: 3D-tracked HMD by Ivan Sutherland . Since the 1970s a significant number of HMDs is applied in the military sector (training, additional display) Table: Important HMD- projects since the 1970s [Quelle: Li, Hua et. al.: Review and analysis of avionic helmet-mounted displays. In : Op-tical Engineering 52(11), 110901, Novembre2013] 3 SystemSystem classes classes Application fields Directions of development Summary Classification HMD – Video glasses – Data glasses Head Mounted Display
    [Show full text]
  • Controller-Free Hand Tracking for Grab-And-Place Tasks in Immersive Virtual Reality: Design Elements and Their Empirical Study
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 21 October 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0431.v1 Article Controller-free Hand Tracking for Grab-and-place Tasks in Immersive Virtual Reality: Design Elements and their Empirical Study Alexander Masurovsky 1,2* , Paul Chojecki1, Detlef Runde1, Mustafa Lafci1, David Przewozny1 and Michael Gaebler3 1 Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany 2 Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany 3 Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Hand tracking enables controller-free interaction with virtual environments, which can, compared to traditional handheld controllers, make virtual reality (VR) experiences more natural and immersive. As naturalness hinges on both technological and user-based features, fine-tuning the former while assessing the latter can be used to increase usability. For a grab-and-place use case in immersive VR, we compared a prototype of a camera-based hand tracking interface (Leap Motion) with customized design elements to the standard Leap Motion application programming interface (API) and a traditional controller solution (Oculus Touch). Usability was tested in 32 young healthy participants, whose performance was analyzed in terms of accuracy, speed and errors as well as subjective experience. We found higher performance and overall usability as well as overall preference for the handheld controller compared to both controller-free solutions. While most measures did not differ between the two controller-free solutions, the modifications made to the Leap API to form our prototype led to a significant decrease in accidental drops. Our results do not support the assumption of higher naturalness for hand tracking but suggest design elements to improve the robustness of controller-free object interaction in a grab-and-place scenario.
    [Show full text]
  • Usability Evaluation of Input Devices for Navigation and Interaction in 3D
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International SERIES on Information Systems and Management in Creative eMedia... Usability evaluation of input devices for navigation and interaction in 3D visualisation Peter Skrljˇ Jozeˇ Guna Ciril Bohak, Matija Marolt University of Ljubljana University of Ljubljana University of Ljubljana Faculty of Computer and Faculty of Electrical Faculty of Computer and Information Science Engineering Information Science [email protected] [email protected] fciril.bohak, [email protected] ABSTRACT exploration, which describes navigation through space with We present an assessment study of user experience and us- no target goal, search, where the user must navigate to a ability of different kinds of input devices for view manipula- certain goal with speed, and finally maneuvering, which de- tion in a 3D data visualisation application. Three input de- scribes slower movements but with higher precision. All of vices were compared: a computer mouse, a 3D mouse with the above mentioned aspects are important while developing six degrees of freedom, and the Leap Motion Controller - a highly usable interface for 3D navigation. a device for touchless interaction. Assessment of these de- In our case we do not address a specific aspect of navigation vices was conducted using the System Usability Scale (SUS) listed in introduction (exploration, search or maneuvering), methodology, with addition of application specific questions. we are covering the user experience. Further research for ad- To gain further insight into users’ behaviour, the users’ per- dressing individual aspects are planned as part of future work.
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual Reality Games Integration Module for Managing and Monitoring of Hand Therapy
    SBC { Proceedings of SBGames 2020 | ISSN: 2179-2259 Games and Health { Full Papers Virtual Reality Games Integration Module for Managing and Monitoring of Hand Therapy Ana Grasielle Dionísio Corrêa Adriano Rapussi Felipe Monteiro da Costa Programa de Pós-Graduação em Faculdade de Computação e Informática Faculdade de Computação e Informática Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie São Paulo, Brasil São Paulo, Brasil São Paulo, Brasil [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Raquel Cymrot Natália Regina Kintschner Silvana Maria Blascovi-Assis Escola de Engenharia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie do Desenvolvimento Desenvolvimento São Paulo, Brasil Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie [email protected] São Paulo, Brasil São Paulo, Brasil [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Injuries to the hand function caused by overwork need to manipulate the joystick. However, it is still a challenge or neurological problems lead to the need for intense motor to detect finer hand movements, for example, movements of rehabilitation programs. Rehabilitation training is generally grasping and releasing objects [1]. Other solutions using limited to the rehabilitation center and/or hospitals and patients cameras or wearable technologies such as data gloves are are idle at home. We have developed a module for managing and some of the hand movement capture options most used in monitoring virtual reality games, controlled by the Leap Motion manual rehabilitation [6]. Controller (LMC) sensor, for the rehabilitation of the manual function that can be used in a clinical and/or home environment.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CHALLENGE of HAND GESTURE INTERACTION in the VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT Evaluation of In-Air Hand Gesture Using the Leap Motion Controller
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Theseus Hong An Pham THE CHALLENGE OF HAND GESTURE INTERACTION IN THE VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT Evaluation of in-air hand gesture using the Leap Motion Controller THE CHALLENGE OF HAND GESTURE INTERACTION IN THE VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT Evaluation of in-air hand gesture using the Leap Motion Controller Hong An Pham Bachelor’s Thesis Spring 2018 Information Technology Oulu University of Applied Sciences ABSTRACT Oulu University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Information Technology, Internet Services Author: Hong An Pham Title of Bachelor´s thesis: The Challenge of Hand Gesture Interaction in the Virtual Reality Environment Supervisor: Lasse Haverinen Term and year of completion: Spring 2018 Number of pages: 53 In recent years, people in the world have perceived how 3D inventions change our life. Along with the rise of the Virtual Reality technology, there are two types of interaction methods for illustrating human ‘s command in the virtual environment: via controllers and via in-air hand gesture. Using in- air hand gesture is more considered because of natural manipulation and a lower cost for hardware controller. However, comparing with controller device, in-air hand gesture has many limitation of imprecise operation so it is not popular in 3D game and manufacturing industries. By means of a user study with several levels of users, this research conducts a usability test in order to analyse the factors affect in-air hand gesture interaction. With a virtual environment with an Oculus headset and a Leap Motion controller, users were free to perform gesture actions and acknowledge the world with three sensors: sight, touch and hearing.
    [Show full text]
  • Airpen: a Touchless Fingertip Based Gestural Interface for Smartphones and Head-Mounted Devices
    AirPen: A Touchless Fingertip Based Gestural Interface for Smartphones and Head-Mounted Devices Varun Jain Ramya Hebbalaguppe [email protected] [email protected] TCS Research TCS Research New Delhi, India New Delhi, India ABSTRACT Hand gestures are an intuitive, socially acceptable, and a non-intrusive interaction modality in Mixed Reality (MR) and smartphone based applications. Unlike speech interfaces, they tend to perform well even in shared and public spaces. Hand gestures can also be used to interact with smartphones in situations where the user’s ability to physically touch the device is impaired. However, accurate gesture recognition can be achieved through state-of-the-art deep learning models or with the use of expensive sensors. Despite the robustness of these deep learning models, they are computationally heavy and memory hungry, and obtaining real-time performance on-device without additional hardware is still a challenge. To address this, we propose AirPen: an analogue to pen on paper, but in air, for in-air writing and gestural commands that works seamlessly in First and Second Person View. The models are trained on a GPU machine and ported on an Android smartphone. AirPen comprises of three deep learning models that work in tandem: MobileNetV2 for hand localisation, our custom fingertip regression architecture followed by a Bi-LSTM model for gesture classification. The overall framework works in real-time on mobile devices and achieves a classification accuracy of 80% with an average latency of only 0:12 s. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
    [Show full text]