DOCSLIB.ORG

Analysis of the Biological Implications of the Mechanical Environment Within the Growth Plate During Bone Development in Physiological and Pathological Scenarios

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analysis of the Biological Implications of the Mechanical Environment Within the Growth Plate During Bone Development in Physiological and Pathological Scenarios ANALYSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THE GROWTH PLATE DURING BONE DEVELOPMENT IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL SCENARIOS. Presented by: JOHANA MARÍA GUEVARA MORALES A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements to obtain the degree of: Ph.D in Biological Sciences Director: Luis Alejandro Barrera Avellaneda. Ph.D. Facultad de Ciencias – Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Co-Director: Diego Alexander Garzón Alvarado. Ph.D. Facultad de Ingeniería – Universidad Nacional de Colombia PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BOGOTA – COLOMBIA 2016 ARTICULO 23 DE LA RESOLUCION No. 13 DE JULIO DE 1946 “La universidad no se hace responsable por los conceptos emitidos por sus alumnos en sus trabajos de tesis. Solo velará porque no se publique nada contrario al dogma y a la moral católica y porque la tesis no contenga ataques personales contra persona alguna, antes bien sea en ellas el anhelo de buscar la verdad y justicia” ANALYSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THE GROWTH PLATE DURING BONE DEVELOPMENT IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL SCENARIOS. Johana María Guevara Morales __________________________________________ DANIEL SUAREZ. PhD. Evaluator 4 ANALYSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THE GROWTH PLATE DURING BONE DEVELOPMENT IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL SCENARIOS. Johana María Guevara Morales __________________________________________ SHUNJI TOMATSU. MD. PhD. Evaluator 5 ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THE GROWTH PLATE DURING BONE DEVELOPMENT: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Johana María Guevara Morales ________________________________ ____________________________________ CONCEPCIÓN J. PUERTA B. PhD. ALBA ALICIA TRESPALACIOS R. PhD. Decana Facultad de Ciencias Directora Programa Posgrado Thesis done in Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia Biomimetics Lab and Group of Numerical Methods Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá, Colombia And Schuchman’s Lab – Genetics and Genomics Deparment Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, USA To all those who made possible this work and contributed to make of this a very enriching episode of my personal and academic life. 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I apologize but I was unable to do this in English. Primero quisiera agradecer a Dios por esta enriquecedora experiencia, por todo lo que he aprendido como persona y como investigadora, por todas las oportunidades, las lecciones, pero sobre todo por todas esas maravillosas personas que puso en mi camino de quienes he recibido mucho apoyo, muchas lecciones y con quienes he pasado muchos momentos inolvidables. Y a mi familia, porque sin su apoyo y voz de aliento este logro no habría sido posible. Por ayudarme a levantarme cuando caí, por celebrar conmigo cada logro, por su amor incondicional. Especialmente quiero dar gracias a mis papás, las personas más importantes en mi vida, por todos sus concejos y todo el cariño que me brindan a diario. A mi tía Eliza que siempre ha sido mi ángel de la guarda, no creo poder pagar todo lo que has hecho por mí. Muchas gracias al Dr. Barrera por acompañarme en este proceso y darme su apoyo para emprender cada aventura académica. Muchas gracias por ser quien me dio la oportunidad de formar parte del maravilloso grupo de errores innatos y permitirme llegar a ser el profesional que soy hoy en día. Gracias por guiarme y darme su apoyo no solo en lo académico sino también en lo personal. Muchas gracias doc. Al Ing. Diego Garzón por darme la oportunidad de trabajar con él y ser parte del grupo. Gracias por toda la paciencia, por todo el tiempo y la dedicación. A OYEP porque siempre estuvo a mi lado dándome su consejo y su apoyo. Regañándome cuando era necesario y también escuchándome en esos momentos de estrés. Gracias por ser mi amiga y mi sensei. A mi compañera de batalla, Jokito, porque ¿qué habría sido de este camino sin tu valiosa compañía?. Gracias por los consejos, los regaños, las risas, los momentos de charlas profundas y los perros monstruo de la 45. A Juanito por ser mi compañero, mi compinche, mi amigo y hasta mi maestro en muchos aspectos. Muchas gracias por hacer de este doctorado una de las etapas más bonitas y memorables de mi vida. Gracias por enseñarme a pensar diferente y a ver la vida con otros ojos. Gracias por ayudarme a crecer como investigador y como persona. A Miguelito por aguantarme en las buenas y en las malas. Por hacer de este un viaje divertido y por ser siempre tan especial. A Hector porque creo que no hubiera terminado sin tu ayuda. Gracias por que a pesar de todo siempre estás ahí. Por ser mi compinche, mi par académico, mi revisor de estilo, pero sobre todo por ser un amigo incondicional. A mis compañeros y amigos del Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo por ser mi familia académica y estar siempre ahí cuando los necesite. A todos mis compañeros y amigos del laboratorio de biomiméticos y el grupo de métodos numéricos. Muchas gracias por recibirme y acogerme, ha sido muy grato tener la oportunidad de estar en la universidad nacional de Colombia y compartir con todos ustedes. Al Dr. Edward Schuchmann y la Dra. Calogera Simonaro por brindarme la oportunidad de trabajar con ellos y por todo su apoyo. A Mike por su ser mi guía y por toda su colaboración. Creo que ningún espacio será suficiente para agradecerle a todas las personas que han hecho posible este logro. A todos los que con sus conocimientos, su talento, su trabajo, sus concejos, su sonrisa, su cariño, etc, etc, han hecho parte de esta aventura académica. Son muchas muchas personas y aunque tal los nombres no estén en estos párrafos si están escritos en mi mente y en mi corazón …. Muchas gracias a todos. ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THE GROWTH PLATE DURING BONE DEVELOPMENT: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS CONTENT ABSTRACT ____________________________________________________________ 14 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS _________________________________________ 15 1.1 INTRODUCTION _____________________________________________________ 15 1.2 OBJECTIVES ________________________________________________________ 17 1.2.1 General Aim _______________________________________________________________ 17 1.2.2 Specific Aims ______________________________________________________________ 17 1.3 THESIS OUTLINE ____________________________________________________ 17 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ________________________________________ 19 2.1 SKELETAL SYSTEM __________________________________________________ 19 2.2 LONG BONE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT _________________________ 20 2.3 THE GROWTH PLATE ________________________________________________ 22 2.3.1 Hyaline Cartilage ____________________________________________________________ 24 2.4 ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION _____________________________________ 33 2.4.1 Chondrocyte Differentiation ___________________________________________________ 34 2.5 BIOCHEMICAL REGULATION OF LONG BONE GROWTH ______________ 39 2.5.1 Local Factors _______________________________________________________________ 39 2.5.2 Systemic Factors ____________________________________________________________ 44 2.6 MECHANICAL INFLUENCES ON LONG BONE GROWTH AND GROWTH PLATE ____________________________________________________________________ 45 2.6.1 Mechanical Effects on Chondrocytes Behavior _____________________________________ 46 2.6.2 Mechanotransduction _________________________________________________________ 49 2.7 IN SILICO APPROXIMATIONS TO BONE GROWTH AND MORPHOGENESIS. THE ROLE OF STRAINS AND PRESSURES. ___________________________________ 50 2.7.1 Computational Models _______________________________________________________ 50 2.8 ABNORMALITIES IN LONG BONE DEVELOPMENT _____________________ 52 2.8.1 Chondrodysplasias ___________________________________________________________ 53 7 3 GROWTH PLATE STRESS DISTRIBUTION DURING BONE DEVELOPMENT 56 3.1 INTRODUCTION _____________________________________________________ 56 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS __________________________________________ 58 3.2.1 Model _____________________________________________________________________ 58 3.2.2 Loading conditions and constrains ______________________________________________ 61 3.2.3 Data Analysis _______________________________________________________________ 62 3.3 RESULTS ____________________________________________________________ 63 3.3.1 Stress distribution during development ___________________________________________ 63 3.3.2 Growth plate effect on epiphyseal OI distribution ___________________________________ 66 3.3.3 SOC effect on epiphyseal stress distribution _______________________________________ 66 3.3.4 Growth plate OI distribution ___________________________________________________ 67 3.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS _____________________________________ 69 4 ANALYSIS OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT AND GROWTH PLATE MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION DURING PROXIMAL FEMUR DEVELOPMENT. ____________________________ 73 4.1 INTRODUCTION _____________________________________________________ 73 4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS __________________________________________ 75 4.2.1 Geometric Model ____________________________________________________________ 75 4.2.2 Mechanical Stimuli __________________________________________________________ 76 4.2.3 Part 1: Influence of Growth Plate Shape on Stimuli Behavior _________________________ 77 4.2.4 Part 2:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Regulator of Epiphyseal Plate Chondrocyte Proliferation, Hypertrophy, and Long Bone Growth
    CHARACTERIZING AQP9: A REGULATOR OF EPIPHYSEAL PLATE CHONDROCYTE PROLIFERATION, HYPERTROPHY, AND LONG BONE GROWTH by Pontius Pu Tian Tang A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Pontius Pu Tian Tang (2018) ii Abstract Characterizing Aqp9: a regulator of epiphyseal plate chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and long bone growth Pontius Pu Tian Tang Master of Science Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto 2018 Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is a membrane channel protein suspected to regulate growth in the epiphyseal plate. As long bone defects often possess limited non-surgical options, novel factors underlying bone growth must be continuously explored to advance effective treatments. I hypothesized that Aqp9 is an important epiphyseal plate chondrocyte channel regulating the process of endochondral ossification. In this study, Aqp9 -/- mouse long bones compared to wildtype mouse long bones showed a neonatal hindlimb-specific acceleration of growth followed by reduced length in the juvenile age. Analysis of Aqp9 -/- epiphyseal plates and chondrocytes showed an early disposition for proliferation and aversion from hypertrophy, suggesting that Aqp9 may function similarly to genes such as Col10a1 and Mmp13. This study provides insight into chondrocyte membrane channel proteins and their regulation of the growing epiphyseal plate, demonstrating that Aqp9 may be a novel therapeutic target for the non-invasive intervention of leg length discrepancies. iii Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who has helped me throughout my degree. Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Preassignment #9 Joints (Also Called “Articulations”) and Muscle Tissue Name: Section #: __
    PreAssignment #9 Joints (also called “Articulations”) and Muscle Tissue Name: _______________________________ Section #: _______ 1) Joints are either classified by ROM (Range of Motion) or tissue type (fibrous, cartilaginous, bony, or synovial). Please define the following terms that are used to describe joints: a. synarthrotic b. amphiarthrotic c. diarthrotic d. gomphosis e. synchondrosis f. syndesmosis g. symphysis h. synovial 2) For each of the following joints, first describe their ROM (choose between synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic) and then classify them by Subgroup (suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis, synchondrosis, symphysis, or synovial). Joint ROM Subgroup Distal tibiofibular joint (above ankle) Joint where parietal bones touch Joint where pubic bones touch Epiphyseal plates of growing child Joint between mandible and teeth Humeroulnar joint (elbow) Joint where frontal and parietal bones touch Joint between first rib and manubrium 3) Please label the parts of the generic synovial joint below. Use the terms: synovial membrane, ligament, periosteum, articular cartilage, synovial fluid, fibrous capsule, and joint capsule. Now, to see if you really understand joints, can you add labels for the diaphyseal cavity and epiphyseal line? 4) Synovial joints (or diarthroses) are usually classified as plane, hinge, saddle, ball-and-socket, or pivot joints. Note: I don’t list condyloid as a subgroup since it is really just a modified form of the hinges! For each of the following joints, please identify the classification to which they belong: a. humeroradial b. scapulohumeral c. interphalangeal d. atloaxis e. carpometacarpal #1 f. intercarpals g. proximal radioulnar h. sacroiliac 5) Movements at a joint are referred to as actions. For each of the following statements, tell me the proper action that is being used: a.
    [Show full text]
  • Excision and Reimplantation of the Epiphyseal Cartilage of the Rabbit
    [ 231 ] EXCISION AND REIMPLANTATION OF THE EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE OF THE RABBIT BY P. A. RING Charing Cross Hospital Medical School The postnatal growth of a typical long bone is associated with activity within the epiphyseal plates, and within the articular cartilage which surmounts the ends of the bone. The early enlargement of the epiphysis takes place at the expense of both epiphyseal and articular cartilage, as the illustrations of Gottesleben (1939) clearly show. Later enlargement of the epiphysis occurs solely on its articular aspect (Boerema, 1942). The epiphyseal cartilage thus shows an early bipolarity, although its contribution to shaft elongation is always greater than its contribution to epiphy- seal enlargement. With the formation of a terminal plate of bone upon its epiphyseal aspect, the epiphyseal cartilage loses this bipolarity, and its activities are restricted to new bone formation in the metaphyseal region. Payton (1933) has suggested that the region of this terminal plate is the site of absorption of epiphyseal bone. His deductions, however, from the madder-fed pig are circuitous and unsupported by the radiological evidence of Siegling (1941). The growth of the epiphysis itself has been fully discussed by Lacroix (1951). In the present investigation the polarity of the epiphyseal cartilage has been investigated by experiments in which the plate has been excised and replaced in its normal site, either orientated normally, or rotated through 1800 to bring the diaphyseal surface into contact with the epiphysis. The further growth of the bone, the extent, and the nature of the contribution from each end have been studied. METHOD Rabbits aged from 2 to 5 weeks were used.
    [Show full text]
  • Aandp1ch07lecture.Pdf
    Chapter 07 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre- inserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Introduction • In this chapter we will cover: – Bone tissue composition – How bone functions, develops, and grows – How bone metabolism is regulated and some of its disorders 7-2 Introduction • Bones and teeth are the most durable remains of a once-living body • Living skeleton is made of dynamic tissues, full of cells, permeated with nerves and blood vessels • Continually remodels itself and interacts with other organ systems of the body • Osteology is the study of bone 7-3 Tissues and Organs of the Skeletal System • Expected Learning Outcomes – Name the tissues and organs that compose the skeletal system. – State several functions of the skeletal system. – Distinguish between bones as a tissue and as an organ. – Describe the four types of bones classified by shape. – Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone. 7-4 Tissues and Organs of the Skeletal System • Skeletal system—composed of bones, cartilages, and ligaments – Cartilage—forerunner of most bones • Covers many joint surfaces of mature bone – Ligaments—hold bones together at joints – Tendons—attach muscle to bone 7-5 Functions of the Skeleton • Support—limb bones and vertebrae support body; jaw bones support teeth; some bones support viscera • Protection—of brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, and more • Movement—limb movements, breathing, and other
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6: Bones & Skeletal Tissue
    Chapter 6: Bones & Skeletal Tissue I. Skeletal Cartilage A. Basic Structure, Types and Location 1. Skeletal cartilages are made from cartilage, surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called perichondrium 2. Hyaline cartilage is most abundant and includes: articular, costal, respiratory and nasal cartilage 3. Elastic Cartilages are most flexible and are located in the external ear and the epiglottis of the larnyx 4. Fibrocartilage is located in the areas where large amounts of pressure are exerted or stretch occurs ( knees and intervertbral discs) B. Growth of Cartilage 1. Appositional growth results in outward expansion due to the production of cartilage matrix on the outer face of the tissue 2. Interstitial growth is the results in the expansion from within the cartilage matrix due to the division of the lacunae bound chondrocytes II. Classification of Bone A. Divisions of the skeleton 1. Axial: Includes the rib cage and vertebral column, 2. Appendicular: Includes the bones of the upper limb, lower limb and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton B. Shape 1. Long bones are longer than they are wide, have a definite shaft two ends and consist of all the limb bones except the patella, carpals and tarsals 2. Short bones are somewhat cube shaped and include the the carpals, tarsals and patellas 3. Flat bones are thin, flattened, and often curve that include skull bones, sternum, scapulae and ribs 4. Irregular bones have complicated shapes the do not fit into any other class such as the vertebrae and coxae III. Function of Bones A.
    [Show full text]
  • 4 Anat 35 Articulations
    Human Anatomy Unit 1 ARTICULATIONS In Anatomy Today Classification of Joints • Criteria – How bones are joined together – Degree of mobility • Minimum components – 2 articulating bones – Intervening tissue • Fibrous CT or cartilage • Categories – Synarthroses – no movement – Amphiarthrosis – slight movement – Diarthrosis – freely movable Synarthrosis • Immovable articulation • Types – Sutures – Schindylesis – Gomphosis – Synchondrosis Synarthrosis Sutures • Found only in skull • Immovable articulation • Flat bones joined by thin layer of fibrous CT • Types – Serrate – Squamous (lap) – Plane Synarthrosis Sutures • Serrate • Serrated edges of bone interlock • Two portions of frontal bones • Squamous (lap) • Overlapping beveled margins forms smooth line • Temporal and parietal bones • Plane • Joint formed by straight, nonoverlapping edges • Palatine process of maxillae Synarthrosis Schindylesis • Immovable articulation • Thin plate of bone into cleft or fissure in a separation of the laminae in another bone • Articulation of sphenoid bone and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone with vomer Synarthrosis Gomphosis • Immovable articulation • Conical process into a socket • Articulation of teeth with alveoli of maxillary bone • Periodontal ligament = fibrous CT Synarthrosis Synchondrosis • Cartilagenous joints – Ribs joined to sternum by hyaline cartilage • Synostoses – When joint ossifies – Epiphyseal plate becomes epiphyseal line Amphiarthrosis • Slightly moveable articulation • Articulating bones connected in one of two ways: – By broad flattened
    [Show full text]
  • Open Gavazzi Thesis Final SHC
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY VARIATION IN PISIFORM MORPHOLOGY LIA MICHELLE GAVAZZI FALL 2017 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Biological Anthropology with honors in Biological Anthropology Reviewed and approved* by the following: Timothy Ryan Associate Professor of Anthropology Thesis Supervisor and Honors Adviser Kenneth Hirth Professor of Anthropology Faculty Reader * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. ii ABSTRACT The pisiform is unique among carpal bones because it is the only one to form a secondary center of ossification and growth plate, a configuration that is present across nearly all mammalian lineages. The human pisiform has undergone major morphological changes including the lost of its growth plate and an ossification center. What is typically a rod-shaped bone in many mammalian species is more akin to a pea shape in our species. This drastic change in development and morphology has a number of implications for humans, however the functional consequences of pisiform growth plate loss are still not understood. The pisiform is severely underrepresented in most skeletal literature, despite its relative importance. Unique human pisiform morphology is often correlated to locomotor behaviors or tool use, although direct associations between carpal morphology and specific behaviors have yet to be established. To understand the developmental history of the pisiform, it is imperative to look beyond the scope of mammals. Investigation of reptilian and amphibious species reveal a complicated and non-linear developmental history of the pisiform. Evolutionary research frequently relies on a diverse number of species to act as proxy for the subject of interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of Biological Age by Epiphyseal Union Jonathon Lewis Western Oregon University, [email protected]
    Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Academic Excellence Showcase Proceedings Student Scholarship 2012-05-31 Estimation of Biological Age by Epiphyseal Union Jonathon Lewis Western Oregon University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/aes Part of the Anthropology Commons Citation Lewis, Jonathon. "Estimation of Biological Age by Epiphyseal Union." Poster presented at the Academic Excellence Showcase, Western Oregon University, May 31, 2012. This Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Academic Excellence Showcase Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Estimation of Biological Age by Epiphyseal Union Jonathon Lewis Western Oregon University Abstract Methods Figure 2. Sacral epiphyseal line scored a 2.5 Epiphyseal union is the secondary ossification of bone in Upon gaining access to the postcranial remains, a full and juveniles and primary means of estimating age of subadult thorough inventory was conducted. Following protocols post-cranial remains. First an inventory was conducted of developed by Lieverse (2006) this inventory accomplished skeletal remains from a single individual, accounting for the many goals. First, the assessment accounted for exactly skeletal condition as well as the presence or absence of which bones of the skeleton were present or absent. bones. Then, using previously developed standards, the Figure 6. Right humeral epiphyseal line Figure 7. Lumbar 4th Second, the assessment took into consideration the scored a 2.5 vertebra epiphyseal line estimation of age was assessed through a system of scoring degree of completeness of each bone present.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head by Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Transgenic Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells
    Gene Therapy (2008) 15, 1523–1535 & 2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0969-7128/08 $32.00 www.nature.com/gt ORIGINAL ARTICLE Treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head by hepatocyte growth factor-transgenic bone marrow stromal stem cells QWen1,LMa1, Y-P Chen2, L Yang2, W Luo1 and X-N Wang3 1Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Imageology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China and 3School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China The treatment of hormone-induced early-stage avascular pathological sections. A regular arrangement of trabeculae necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) with transplantation of and obvious bone regeneration were observed in the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-transgenic bone marrow animals receiving transplanted transgenic BMSCs with stromal stem cells (BMSCs) was examined. A rabbit model of FG. Newly generated capillaries were visible on the hormone-induced early ANFH was first established. BMSCs bone plates of the trabeculae, and the bone marrow was were transplanted by core decompression under the rich in hematopoietic tissue. These results demonstrate guidance of computed tomography (CT). A supportive that the combination of core decompression and trans- fibrinogen drug delivery mixture (FG) was tested for plantation of HGF transgenic autologous BMSCs enhanced mechanical enhancement of stem cell delivery. Therapeutic blood vessel regeneration and bone reconstruction in efficacy was evaluated by CT, magnetic resonance imaging the ANFH model. This study provides experimental data that (MRI), CT perfusion imaging, ink artery infusion angiography, motivate possible clinical use of this therapeutic strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • FIPAT-TA2-Part-2.Pdf
    TERMINOLOGIA ANATOMICA Second Edition (2.06) International Anatomical Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TA2, PART II Contents: Systemata musculoskeletalia Musculoskeletal systems Caput II: Ossa Chapter 2: Bones Caput III: Juncturae Chapter 3: Joints Caput IV: Systema musculare Chapter 4: Muscular system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Anatomica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, 2019 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Anatomica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput II: OSSA Chapter 2: BONES Latin term Latin synonym UK English US English English synonym Other 351 Systemata Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal musculoskeletalia systems systems
    [Show full text]
  • Bone Marrow Stimulation of the Medial Femoral Condyle Produces Inferior Cartilage and Bone Repair Compared to the Trochlea in a Rabbit Surgical Model
    Bone Marrow Stimulation of the Medial Femoral Condyle Produces Inferior Cartilage and Bone Repair Compared to the Trochlea in a Rabbit Surgical Model Hongmei Chen,1 Anik Chevrier,1 Caroline D. Hoemann,1 Jun Sun,2 Genevieve Picard,1 Michael D. Buschmann1 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, E´cole Polytechnique de Montre´al, PO Box 6079, Station Centre- ville, Montre´al, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7, 2Piramal Healthcare (Canada), BioSyntech Canada Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada Received 15 September 2012; accepted 6 June 2013 Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/jor.22422 ABSTRACT: The influence of the location of cartilage lesions on cartilage repair outcome is incompletely understood. This study compared cartilage and bone repair in medial femoral condylar (MFC) versus femoral trochlear (TR) defects 3 months after bone marrow stimulation in mature rabbits. Intact femurs from adult rabbits served as controls. Results from quantitative histomorphom- etry and histological scoring showed that bone marrow stimulation produced inferior soft tissue repair in MFC versus TR defects, as indicated by significantly lower % Fill (p ¼ 0.03), a significant increase in collagen type I immunostaining (p < 0.00001) and lower O’Driscoll scores (p < 0.05). 3D micro-CT analysis showed that repaired TR defects regained normal un-operated values of bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, whereas in MFC defects the repaired bone architecture appeared immature and less dense compared to intact un-operated MFC controls (p < 0.0001). Severe medial meniscal damage was found in 28% of operated animals and was strongly correlated with (i) low cartilage defect fill, (ii) incomplete bone repair in MFC, and (iii) with a more posterior defect placement in the weight-bearing region.
    [Show full text]
  • Age and Sex Estimation from the Human Clavicle: an Investigation of Traditional and Novel Methods
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: AGE AND SEX ESTIMATION FROM THE HUMAN CLAVICLE: AN INVESTIGATION OF TRADITIONAL AND NOVEL METHODS Author: Natalie Renee Shirley Document No.: 227930 Date Received: August 2009 Award Number: 2007-DN-BX-0004 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. AGE AND SEX ESTIMATION FROM THE HUMAN CLAVICLE: AN INVESTIGATION OF TRADITIONAL AND NOVEL METHODS A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Natalie Renee Shirley May 2009 i This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. I dedicate this dissertation to Linda Finley, because without her none of this would have ever happened.
    [Show full text]