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Ecosistemas Terrestres De La Región De Osa Y Golfito, Costa Rica

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Ecosistemas Terrestres De La Región De Osa Y Golfito, Costa Rica x Este documento es parte de la Iniciativa Osa y Golfito, Ecosistemas terrestres de la región de Osa y Golfito, Costa Rica Rodolfo Dirzo, Eben N. Broadbent, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Lucia Morales Barquero, Sandra L. Almeyda Zambrano, Carlos Alberto Quispe Gil San José, Costa Rica Julio, 2014 ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES DE LA REGION DE OSA Y GOLFITO, COSTA RICA Informe final 30 de julio de 2014 Rodolfo Dirzo, Eben N. Broadbent, Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Lucía Morales Barquero, Sandra L. Almeyda Zambrano, Carlos Alberto Quispe Gil Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University Creative Commons Copyright © 2014 Un reporte producido por el equipo de Ecosistemas Terrestres de la Iniciativa Osa y Golfito (INOGO)*. INOGO, es un esfuerzo colaborativo internacional para desarrollar una estrategia para el desarrollo humano sostenible y la gestión ambiental en los cantones de Osa y Golfito de Costa Rica. Su propósito es contribuir al bienestar y calidad de vida de la población, al mismo tiempo que asegurar, a largo plazo, la salud de los recursos primarios base representados en los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos de la región. Para cualquier pregunta, por favor póngase en contacto con cualquiera de nosotros: Rodolfo Dirzo, [email protected] Eben Broadbent, [email protected] Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano Lucía Morales Barquero Sandra L. Almeyda Zambrano Carlos Alberto Quispe Gil * Para más información sobre INOGO visite nuestro sitio web: http://inogo.stanford.edu. AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradecemos a los diferentes miembros de las comunidades de la Osa y Golfito que ayudaron a hacer de este reporte un éxito a través de su apoyo y participación formal e informal. Queremos agradecer de manera muy especial a los expertos que participaron en los ejercicios de mapeo participativo y en las entrevistas. Agradecemos a los expertos miembros de Yaguara, Centro de Investigación Los Charcos, Universidad Nacional, Universidad de Costa Rica, ICOMVIS, SINAC, Red Costarricense de Reservas Naturales, American Bird Conservancy, y Tiskita Jungle Lodge. En particular queremos agradecer los esfuerzos de Juan Luis Sánchez, Reinaldo Aguilar, Emilio Fallas Sandi y Peter Aspinall Murray. Agradecemos también a Andrew Rothman, quién proporcionó conocimientos con base en información colectada por una coalición de organizaciones e investigadores que incluyen American Bird Conservancy, Daniel J. Lebbin, Osa Conservation, Karen Levalle, Bosque de Rio Tigre Lodge, Liz Jones, Abraham Gallo y Craig Thompson. Agradecemos de manera muy especial a todo los miembros del equipo de trabajo de campo, incluyendo a Diego García Godinez, Marcos Moraga López y Bruce Torres Leal. Asimismo, agradecemos a Colin Kortman y Emily Beggs por su ayuda con la recopilación de datos de campo y por las excelentes fotografías. TABLA DE CONTENIDOS AGRADECIMIENTOS ....................................................................................................................... III ESTRUCTURA DEL PRESENTE DOCUMENTO .................................................................................. XIV PANORAMA GENERAL DE LA INICIATIVA OSA Y GOLFITO, INOGO ................................................. XV JUSTIFICACIÓN Y ENFOQUE............................................................................................................. 2 La región de estudio de INOGO ......................................................................................................3 Objetivos y abordaje metodológico general...................................................................................3 SECCIÓN 1: CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE LA REGIÓN OSA Y GOLFITO...................................... 8 INTRODUCCIÓN: LA BIODIVERSIDAD DE LA REGIÓN DE OSA Y GOLFITO...............................................................9 Referencias bibliográficas.............................................................................................................11 REGIONES FITOGEOGRÁFICAS Y HÁBITATS CRÍTICOS DE LA REGIÓN DE OSA Y GOLFITO ........................................12 Introducción..................................................................................................................................12 Referencias bibliográficas.............................................................................................................19 Introducción..................................................................................................................................20 Referencias bibliográficas.............................................................................................................27 SECCIÓN 2: EVALUACION DE PRIORIDADES Y AMENAZAS ............................................................. 29 PRIORIDADES Y AMENAZAS PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES DE OSA Y GOLFITO ...........30 Métodos........................................................................................................................................30 Conservación de los bosques y áreas naturales protegidas..........................................................31 Cambios en las poblaciones de fauna: ¿Existe un proceso de defaunación?................................32 Prioridades....................................................................................................................................33 Amenazas .....................................................................................................................................38 Conclusión.....................................................................................................................................41 MAPEO PARTICIPATIVO DE LAS ÁREAS PRIORITARIAS PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN Y DE LAS AMENAZAS PARA LOS ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES.......................................................................................................................43 Resultados ....................................................................................................................................46 Síntesis..........................................................................................................................................58 Agradecimientos...........................................................................................................................59 Apéndices .....................................................................................................................................60 EVALUACIÓN ESPACIAL DE LOS IMPACTOS DE LOS ESCENARIOS FUTUROS EN LAS ZONAS DE ACCIÓN PARA CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES.......................................................................................65 Métodos........................................................................................................................................65 Resultados ....................................................................................................................................69 Síntesis..........................................................................................................................................76 Agradecimientos...........................................................................................................................76 Referencias bibliográficas.............................................................................................................77 Apéndices .....................................................................................................................................78 EVALUACIÓN DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES SEGÚN ESCENARIOS EN EL 2030..............................................83 Métodos........................................................................................................................................83 Resultados: línea base año 2013 ..................................................................................................84 Resultados: Impactos de los escenarios futuros al 2030 ..............................................................87 Comparación de los escenarios futuros........................................................................................95 Agradecimientos...........................................................................................................................97 Apéndice: Citas textuales de algunos de los expertos ..................................................................98 BIODIVERSIDAD EN LAS PLANTACIONES DE PALMA ACEITERA DE LA REGIÓN OSA-GOLFITO.................................99 Resumen .......................................................................................................................................99 Introducción................................................................................................................................100 Métodos......................................................................................................................................102 Resultados ..................................................................................................................................104 Discusión.....................................................................................................................................120 Agradecimientos.........................................................................................................................122 Referencias bibliográficas...........................................................................................................122
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