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Greece Part II Study Guide What Were the 3 Goals of Pericles for Athens?

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Greece Part II Study Guide What Were the 3 Goals of Pericles for Athens? Name: _________________________________________ Greece Part II Study Guide What were the 3 goals of Pericles for Athens? Glorify Athens, strengthen & fortify the Empire, and strengthen democracy The Peloponnesian War was won by Sparta. Known for a geometric theorem that has his name Pythagoras. Philosopher that encouraged questioning students Socrates. Scientist and philosopher that created the scientific method as well as had Alexander the Great as a student Aristotle. He gained control of Egypt after Alexander died Ptolemy. He was the king of Macedonia that used the phalanx formation that proved to be unstoppable Phillip II. Which philosopher wrote The Republic Plato? Who were the playwrights that wrote tragedies? Aeschylus, Euripides, & Sophocles Which Greek historian wrote a fairly accurate history of the Peloponnesian War? Thucydides The mixture of Greek and Middle Eastern culture that formed during and after Alexander is called: Hellenistic The Macedonian king who had conquered most of Greece by 338 B.C. was: Phillip II Which mathematician wrote The Elements of Geometry? Euclid The ethical code of doctors, still practiced today, was developed by: Hippocrates The column to the right would be classified as what type of column: Ionic The Parthenon featured what wide, square and relatively simple form of columns? Doric What dramatist wrote "Oedipus Rex", the story of a cursed king and his troubled family? Sophocles Which pair of Greek individuals were responsible for significant achievements in the area of mathematics? Euclid & Pythagoras During the Peloponnesian War, more than one-third of the Athenian population, including Pericles, died as a result of disease. Who conquered the Greek city-states immediately following the Peloponnesian War? Philip II Why was Alexandria, Egypt, important during the Hellenistic period? It became the foremost center of commerce, learning, and Hellenistic culture Who of the following is known as the “Father of Medicine?” Hippocrates Although Pericles was responsible for planning and funding the Parthenon project, which individual created the beautiful sculpture of Athena inside the structure? Phidias What philosopher taught that the way to seek truth is through a series of questions and answers? Socrates Which of the following groups fought against each other during the Peloponnesian War? Athenians & Spartans What occurred during the Hellenistic Era? The mixing of and interaction between Greek and Eastern cultures Once Greece was secured from rebellion, Alexander the Great conquered which regions? Aristotle Persian Empire, Egypt, and into the Indus Valley Why is it important that Alexander was a student of Aristotle? Aristotle taught Alexander all about Greek knowledge and culture What was the form of government in Athens during its Golden Age under Pericles? Democracy Please use the map below for questions 31 and 32. 334BC 336BC 331BC 327BC 329BC From the map above, which of the following battles would have happened last? The Battle of Bactra 327 BCE What is the purpose of the map above? To show the battle timeline of Alexander the Great’s Empire and how it was divided after his death What was the job of the three Greeks listed above during the Golden Age of Greece? Playwrights or Dramatists What is the is the correct chronology order of events in Ancient Greece: 3rd Peloponnesian Wars, 2nd Golden Age of Greece, 1st Persian Wars, 4th Rise of Alexander Short Answers: Using complete sentences, answer all of the following questions. 1) Compare and Contrast the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars using at least one similarity and one difference. Similarities • Sparta and Athens in war • the war took place in Greece • Sparta and Athens wanted to be in charge of the war • Persia wanted to take over Greece and disrupt Greece anyway possible • Used phalanx in fighting in both wars Differences • Sparta and Athens not on same side with both wars • Persian Wars took place first • Persian Wars were about keeping Persia out • Peloponnesian War was about domination in Ancient Greece 2) Describe the achievements made during the Golden Age of Greece by choosing two subjects (Philosophy, Arts, Math, History, and Science/Medicine) to explain their impact on Western civilization. Be specific by citing at least one important figure for each subject. Philosophy • Scientific method introduced by Aristotle that we use today. • Promoting questioning & seeking answers used by Socrates, this is something that is used today. • Plato and Aristotle had academies that taught philosophies and other subjects; these were models for modern day schools and universities. Arts • Phidias sculpted Athena and helped design the Parthenon. Greek architecture influences our structures today. • Aeschylus, Euripides, & Sophocles expanded the roles of the actors with the chorus and the topics of the plays, are reflected in our “dramas” today. Math • Euclid & Pythagoras made advancement in the area of geometry, and Pythagoras with the Pythagorean theorem. These mathematical advancements are practiced today. History • Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, which teaches us today about ancient Greek life. • Herodotus wrote about the Persian War, which teaches us today about the Persian War. • Thucydides wrote about the Peloponnesian War, which teaches us today about the Peloponnesian War. Science/Medicine • Hippocrates made many advancements in diagnosing through observations and many doctors still take the Hippocratic Oath today. • Archimedes invented the compound pulley, lever, and introduced the law of hydrostatics. We use these inventions and law today. 3) What is Alexander the Great’s legacy? List specific cultural/political/military achievements that support your claim. • List what you think this legacy is… • Cultural achievement-Hellenism • Cultural achievement-was tolerant of conquered region’s culture and religion, even adopted some ways and blended with Greek culture • Political achievement-adopted the Persian style of government, satraps • Military achievement-(controlled Macedonia, Greece) & ( conquered Persia, Egypt and parts of India) .
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