EDITOR ELLIOTT MOSSMAN

ASSOCIATE EDITOR, JEAN GURLEY BOOKS EDITORS BEN EKLOK, INDIANA UNIVERSITY CATHERINE ALBRECHT, UNIVERSITY OF BALTIMORE FILM EDITOR, SVETLANA BOYM, ASSISTANT EDITORS, BRONWYN GURLEY and RICHARD FROST

EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS VITALY CHERNETSKY BARBARA KENDA GORDANA KOSTIC LESLEY RIMMEL IVANA VULETIC

EDITORIAL BOARD History Laura Engelstein, Princeton University • Boris Mironov, Institute of Russian History, St. Petersburg • Norman Naimark, Stanford University • Nancy Shields Kollmann, Stanford University • Ronald G. Suny, University of Michigan • Roman Szporluk, Harvard University • Gale Stokes, Rice University • Richard S. Wortman, Literature & Linguistics Caryl Emerson, Princeton University • Vyacheslav Ivanov, Moscow University & UCLA • Gary Saul Morson, Northwestern University • Stephanie Sandler, Amherst College Social Sciences Mark R. Beissinger, University of Wisconsin • Ellen T. Comisso, University of California, San Diego • Mary McAuley, Oxford University • Blair A. Ruble, Kennan Institute for Ad­ vanced Russian Studies • Brian D. Silver, Michigan State University • Katherine M. Verdery, fohns Hopkins University

The editors assume no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by con­ tributors. Slavic Review (formerly The American Slavic and East European Review) is published quar­ terly by the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Inc., and is sent to all Association members. Members also receive the AAASS Newsletter. Member­ ship is open to individuals interested in Slavic studies and study of the non-Slavic peoples of eastern Europe and Eurasia. Applications for membership are accepted by the AAASS, Jordan Quad/Acacia, 125 Panama Street, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305-4130; (415) 723-9668. Membership dues: salary $10,000-19,999—125.00; $20,000-29,999—$35.00; $30,000— 39,999—$45.00; $40,000-49,999—$55.00; $50,000—59,999—$65.00; more than $60,000—$75.00. Joint members with one subscription to Slavic Review, add $15.00 to dues of higher paid member. Dues for students or those with salaries under $10,000 are $20.00. Subscriptions without membership are $50.00. Single current issues and back issues to subscribers are $15.00; for members, $10.00 each. For overseas postage, please add $6.00; for Canada, add $5.00. Correspondence regarding membership, subscriptions, changes of address or items for the Newsletter should be sent to the AAASS headquarters at Stanford. Articles, books for review, and correspondence concerning editorial matters or ad­ vertising should be sent to Slavic Review, 636 Williams Hall, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305. Building address is 36th & Spruce Streets. Telephone: 215-898-8096; FAX: 215-898-2998; E-mail: [email protected]. Technical require­ ments for manuscript submissions may be found at the end of the advertising section. Published by the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Inc. Text set in Baskerville by Automated Composition Service, Inc., Lancaster, PA. Printed by Science Press, Ephrata, PA. Second-class postage paid at Palo Alto, CA and addi­ tional mailing office. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Slavic Review, c/o AAASS, Jordan Quad/Acacia, 125 Panama Street, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305- 4130. Copyright © 1994 Slavic Review: ISSN 0037-6779 by the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Inc. SiauicJXeuiei o

AMERICAN QUARTERLY OF RUSSIAN, EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES

VOLUME 53 NUMBER 2 • SUMMER 1994

CONTRIBUTORS viii

FROM THE EDITOR x

ARTICLES Living on the Edge: The East European Roma in Postcommunist Politics and Societies 321 ZOLTAN D. BARANY

Moldovan Identity and the Politics of Pan-Romanianism 345 CHARLES KING

The British Foreign Office and Macedonian National Identity, 1918-1941 369 ANDREW ROSSOS

Problems of Persuasion: Communist Agitation and Propaganda in Post-war Yugoslavia, 1944-1948 395 CAROL S. LILLY

The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism 414 YURI SLEZKINE

The Balkans: From Discovery to Invention 453 MARIA TODOROVA

Publics Meet Market Democracy in Central and East Europe, 1991-1993 483 MARY E. McINTOSH, MARTHA ABELE MAC IVER, DANIEL G. ABELE, DINA SMELTZ COMMENT Kuropaty: The Investigation of a Stalinist Historical Controversy 513 DAVID R. MARPLES

RESPONSE Was There Private Property in Muscovite Russia? RICHARD PIPES responds 524 GEORGE G. WEICKHARDT replies 531

REVIEW ARTICLE The End of ? 539 ALFRED G. MEYER

FILM REVIEWS Save Us and Keep Us (Spasi i sokhrani) (Inna Broude) 547 Close to Eden (Urga) (Anna A. Tavis) 549

FEATURED REVIEWS Odnodnevnye gazety SSSR 1917-1983 (Jeffrey Brooks) 551 Vahan D. Barooshian, V.V. Vereshchagin: Artist at War (Elizabeth Kridl Valkenier) 552 Michael Glenny and Richard Taylor, eds., Michael Glenny, trans., S.M. Eisenstein: Selected Writings, vol. 2 Towards a Theory of Montage; David Bordwell, The Cinema of Eisenstein (Mikhail Yampolsky) 553 David Shepherd, Beyond Metafiction: Self-Consciousness in Soviet Literature (Irina Gutkin) 556 Thomas Lahusen and Gene Kuperman, eds., Late Soviet Culture: From Perestroika to Novostroika (Edith W. Clowes) 557 Loren R. Graham, The Ghost of the Executed Engineer: Technology and the Fall of the Soviet Union (Timothy E. O'Connor) 559 Holland Hunter and Janusz M. Szyrmer, Faulty Foundations: Soviet Economic Policies, 1928-1940 (Joseph S. Berliner) 560 Anthony B. Atkinson, ed., Alternatives to : The Economics of Partnership (Alec Nove) 561 BOOK REVIEWS Robert Louis Jackson, ed., Reading Chekhov's Text (George Pahomov) 563 Ronald E. Peterson, A History of Russian Symbolism (Joachim T. Baer) 565 David M. Bethea, ed., Puskin Today (Barbara Heldt) 566 Gavriel Shapiro, Nikolai Gogol and the Baroque Cultural Heritage (Stephen C. Hutchings) 567 Susanne Fusso, Dead Souls: An Anatomy of Disorder in Gogol (Sven Spieker) 569 Donna T. Orwin, Tolstoy's Art and Thought, 1847-1880 (Rimvydas Silbajoris) 570 David Rampton, Vladimir Nabokov (Priscilla Meyer) 571 Linda H. Scatton, Mikhail Zoshchenko: Evolution of a Writer (Rachel May) 573 Peter Henry, Jim MacDonald and Halina Moss, eds., Scotland and the Slavs: Selected Papers from the Glasgow-90 East-West Forum (Dale E. Peterson) 574 Denise J. Youngblood, Movies for the Masses: Popular Cinema and Soviet Society in the 1920s (Jeffrey Brooks) 575 Oleg Prokofiev, trans, and ed., Sergei Prokofiev: Soviet Diary 1927 and Other Writings (David Montgomery) 576 Susan Compton, Russian Avant-Garde Books, 1917-34 (John E. Bowlt) 577 William C. Brumfield, A History of Russian Architecture (Janet Kennedy) 578 Lazlo Honti, Sirkka-Liisa Hahmo, Tette Hofstra, Jolanta Jastrzebska and Osmo Nikkila, eds., Finnisch-Ugrische Sprachen zwischen dem germanischen und dem slavishchen Sprachraum (Daniel Abondolo) 579 Arnold McMillin, ed., Under Eastern Eyes: The West as Reflected in Recent Russian Emigre Writing; John Glad, ed., Conversations in Exile: Russian Writers Abroad, Richard and Joanna Robin, trans.; Sergei Chakovsky and M. Thomas Inge, eds., Russian Eyes on American Literature (Olga Peters Hasty) 581 Paul Mojzes, Religious Liberty in Eastern Europe and the USSR: Before and after the Great Transformation (Jane Ellis) 584 Carlo Ginzburg, Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath, trans. Raymond Rosenthal (Dianne E. Farrell) 585 Yaroslav N. Shchapov, State and Church in Early Russia, 10th- 13th Centuries, trans. Vic Schneierson (David M. Goldfrank) 586 Walter Leitsch, Berichte uber den Moskauer Staat in italienischer Sprache aus dem 16. Jahrhundert (Marshall Poe) 587 Evgenii V. Anisimov, The Reforms of Peter the Great: Progress through Coercion in Russia, trans. John T. Alexander (Nicholas V. Riasanovsky) 588 Joseph de Maistre, St. Petersburg Dialogues: Or Conversations on the Temporal Government of Providence, trans, and ed. Richard A. Le Brun (Raymond McNally) 589 A.K. Afanas'ev, N.B. Bystrova, N.L. Zubova, F.A. Petrov, M.V. Falaleeva and A.D. Ianovskii, eds., 1812-1814: Sekretnaia perepiska generala P.I. Bagrationa, Lichnye pis'ma generala N.N. Raevskogo, Zapiski generala M.S. Vorontsova, Dnevniki ofitserov russkoi armii (E. Willis Brooks) 590 G.M. Hamburg, Boris Chicherin and Early Russian Liberalism, 1828-1866 (Priscilla Roosevelt) 591 Bruce W. Menning, Bayonets before Bullets: The Imperial Russian Army, 1861-1914 (W. Bruce Lincoln) 592 John C.K. Daly, Russian Seapower and "The Eastern Question," 1827-41 (Christopher C. Lovett) 594 Olga S. Tian-Shanskaia, Village Life in Late Tsarist Russia, ed. David L. Ransel, trans. David L. Ransel and Michael Levine (Stephen P. Frank) 595 M.G. Vandalkovskaia, P.N. Miliukov, A.A. Kizevetter: Istoriia i politika (G.M. Hamburg) 596 Michael Kettle, Churchill and the Archangel Fiasco, November 1918-July 1919 (Christine A. White) 598 Charles J. Weeks, Jr., An American Naval Diplomat in Revolutionary Russia: Vice Admiral Newton A. McCully (George Nekrasov) 599 Svend Aage Christensen, Carsten Pape, Lars Poulsen-Hansen and Niels E. Rosenfeldt, Imperiets sammenbrud, 1982-1992 (Helene C. Isotalo and Birgitta Ingemanson) 600 Robert Weinberg, The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa: Blood on the Steps (Henry Reichman) 601 George Nekrasov, North of Gallipoli: The Black Sea Fleet at War, 1914-1917 (Charles J. Weeks) 603 Vadim Rogovin, Byla li al'ternativa? "Trotskizm": Vzgliad cherez gody (Philip Pomper) 604 William G. Rosenberg and Lewis H. Siegelbaum, eds., Social Dimensions of Soviet Industrialization (William B. Husband) 605 Arkadii A. German, Nemetskaia avtonomiia na Volge, 1918-1941, PL 1, Avtonomnaia oblast' 1918-1924 (Donald J. Raleigh) 606 V.E. Tarrant, Stalingrad: Anatomy of an Agony (Louis C. Rotundo) 607 Klaus Reinhardt, Moscow—The Turning Point: The Failure of Hitler's Strategy in the Winter of 1941-42, trans. Karl B. Keenan (Earl F. Ziemke) 608 John Lowenhardt, James R. Ozinga and Erik van Ree, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Politburo (Myron Rush) 609 R. Craig Nation, Black Earth, Red Star: A History of Soviet Security Policy, 1917-1991 (Mark N. Katz) 610 Ben Eklof and Edward Dneprov, eds., Democracy in the Russian School: The Reform Movement in Education since 1984 (David L.Williams) 611 W.H. Zawadzki, A Man of Honour: Adam Czartoryski as a Statesman of Russia and Poland, 1795-1831 (Anna M. Cienciala) 612 A. James McAdams, Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification; Elizabeth Pond, Beyond the Wall: Germany's Road to Unification (Melvin Croan) 613 Mikael Sandberg, ed., Baltic Sea Region Environmental Protection: "Eastern" Perspectives and International Cooperation (David R. Marples) 614 Richard F. Staar, ed., Transition to Democracy in Poland (Janine P. Hole) 616 Walter D. Connor and Piotr Ploszajski, eds., The Polish Road from Socialism: The Economics, Sociology, and Politics of Transition (Raymond Taras) 617 Alois Jirasek, Old Czech Legends, trans. Marie K. Holecek (Marvin Kan tor) 618 Kurt W. Treptow, From Zalmoxis to Jan Palach: Studies in East European History (Sarah A. Kent) 620 Ewald Osers, ed. and trans., Contemporary Macedonian Poetry (Vasa D. Mihailovich) 621 Erich Rathfelder, ed., Krieg auf dem Balkan: Die europaische Verantwortung (Nicholas I. Novosel) 622 Dennis P. Hupchick, The Bulgarians in the Seventeenth Century: Slavic Orthodox Society and Culture under Ottoman Rule (John D. Bell) 624 Osamu Ieda, ed., New Order in Post-Communist Eurasia (Neil B. Weissman) 625 Darra Goldstein, The Georgian Feast: The Vibrant Culture and Savory Food of the Republic of Georgia (Cathy A. Frierson) 626 Michael J. Oleska, Orthodox Alaska: A Theology of Mission (George Makowski) 627 Eugene Huskey, ed., Executive Power and Soviet Politics: The Rise and Decline of the Soviet State (Gregory Gleason) 628 Coit D. Blacker, Hostage to Revolution: Gorbachev and Soviet Security Policy, 1985-1991 (William E. Odom) 629 Arthur H. Miller, William M. Reisinger and Vicki L. Hesli, eds., Public Opinion and Regime Change: The New Politics of Post-Soviet Societies (Vera Tolz) 630 Ian Bremmer and Ray Taras, eds., Nations and Politics in the Soviet Successor States (Yitzhak M. Brudny) 632 Michael McFaul, Post-Communist Politics: Democratic Prospects in Russia and Eastern Europe (Ronald J. Hill) 633 Michael McFaul and Sergei Markov, The Troubled Birth of Russian Democracy: Parties, Personalities, and Programs (Vera Tolz) 634 Marilyn Vogt-Downey, ed., The USSR 1987-1991: Marxist Perspectives (Mary Buckley) 635 Brad Roberts and Nina Belyaeva, eds., After Perestroika: Democracy in the Soviet Union (Donald D. Barry) 636 Donald D. Barry, ed., Toward the "Rule of Law" in Russia? Political and Legal Reform in the Transition Period (Zigurds L. Zile) 636 F.J.M. Feldbrugge, Russian Law: The End of the Soviet System and the Role of Law (Ethan S. Burger) 637 Walter Adams and James W. Brock, Adam Smith Goes to Moscow: A Dialogue on Radical Reform (Judith R. McKinney) 638 Henryk J. Flakierski, Income Inequalities in the Former Soviet Union and Its Republics (Alastair McAuley) 639 Georges Nivat, Impressions de Russie, Van un: Crimee, Oural, Haute-Volga (Mark Kramer) 640 L.V. Keldysh et al., eds., Andrei Sakharov: Facets of a Life (Paul R. Josephson) 642 Semen S. Vilenskii, ed., Soprotivlenie v Gulage: Vospominaniia, Pis'ma, Dokumenty (David Nordlander) 644 Lois Fisher, Survival in Russia: Chaos and Hope in Everyday Life (Walter L. Hixson) 645 Andreas Fiirst, Volker Heise and Steven E. Miller, eds., Europe and Naval Arms Control in the Gorbachev Era (James J. Tritten) 645 Milan Vego, Soviet Naval Tactics (Norman Polmar) 646 Bradley R. Gitz, Armed Forces and Political Power in Eastern Europe: The Soviet/Communist Control System (Christopher Jones) 647 William C. Green and W. Robert Reeves, eds. and trans., The Soviet Military Encyclopedia, Abridged English Language Edition (Michael Parrish) 649 Kenneth M. Currie, Soviet Military Politics: Contemporary Issues (Jacob W. Kipp) 650

LETTERS 652