World His Ch 5 Study Guide

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WORLD HISTORY THE ROMANS STUDY GUIDE 1) A REPUBLIC IS A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE LEADER IS NOT A MONARCH AND CERTAIN CITIZENS HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE. 2) THE ROMAN SENATE, WHICH CAME TO HOLD AN IMPORTANT POSITION IN THE ROMAN REPUBLIC, WAS A SELECT GROUP OF ABOUT 300 PATRICIANS WHO SERVED FOR LIFE. 3) JULIUS CAESAR, THE FIRST DICTATOR OF ROME, WAS ASSASSINATED. 4) THE PAX ROMANA WAS A PERIOD OF PEACE AND PROSPERITY THAT LASTED ALMOST 100 YEARS. 5) THE AUGUSTAN AGE HAS BEEN CALLED THE GOLDEN AGE OF LATIN LITERATURE. 6) WHEN THE POET JUVENAL SAID, THEREʼS ONLY TWO THINGS THAT CONCERN THEM BREAD AND CIRCUSES HE WAS TALKING ABOUT THE ROMAN MASSES BEING DISTRACTED FROM SERIOUS POLITICAL ISSUES BY FREE GRAIN AND ENTERTAINMENT. 7) CONSTANTINE BECAME THE FIRST CHRISTIAN EMPEROR. 8) THE EDICT OF MILAN PROCLAIMED OFFICIAL TOLERANCE OF CHRISTIANITY. 9) BELIEVING THE ROMAN EMPIRE HAD GROWN TOO LARGE FOR A SINGLE RULER, DIOCLETIAN DIVIDED IT INTO FOUR UNITS, EACH WITH ITS OWN RULER. 10) THE VISIGOTHS WERE THE FIRST INVADERS TO SACK ROME. 11) THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ROME WAS MOST INFLUENCED BY THE ETRUSCANS, WHO LAUNCHED A BUILDING PROJECT THAT TURNED ROME INTO A CITY. 12) THE BODY OF LAWS KNOWN AS THE LAW OF NATIONS WAS ONE OF ROMEʼS CHEIF GIFTS TO LATER GENERATIONS. 13) THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATES WAS MADE UP OF CRASSUS, POMPEY, AND JULIUS CAESAR. 14) AT ITS HEIGHT, THE ROMAN EMPIRE HAD A POPULATION OF ABOUT FIFTY MILLION. 15) THE EMPEROR KEPT THE POVERTY- STRICKEN MASSES PACIFIED BY GIVING THEM FREE GRAIN AND PROVIDING ENTERTAINMENT ON A GRAND SCALE. 16) THE PATERFAMILIAS, OR DOMINANT MALE, WAS THE HEAD OF THE ROMAN FAMILY AND GRADUALLY LOST POWER OVER THE COURSE OF ROMAN HISTORY. 17) CONSTANTINE BECAME THE ROMAN EMPIRES FIRST CHRISTIAN EMPEROR. 18) UNDER WHICH EMPEROR DID ROME ADOPT CHRISTIANITY AS ITS OFFICAL RELIGION - THEODOSIUS THE GREAT. 19) THE POLITICAL AND MILITARY REFORMS OF DIOCLETIAN AND CONSTANTINE GREATLY ENHANCED THE ARMY AND CIVIL SERVICE INSTITUTIONS, BUT DRAINED MOST OF THE PUBLIC FUND. 20) IN THE LONG RUN, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POLICIES OF DICLETIAN AND CONSTANTINE STIFLED THE VITALITY THE LATE EMPIRE NEEDED TO REVIVE ITS SAGGING FORTUNES. 21) ETRUSCANS LAUNCHED A BUILDING PROGRAM THAT TURNED ROME INTO A CITY. 22) PLEBEIANS LESS WEALTHY LANDHOLDERS, CRAFTSPEOPLE, MERCHANTS, AND SMALL FARMERS. 23) TRIUMVIRATES A GOVERNMENT BY 3 PEOPLE WITH EQUAL POWER. 24) ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA COMMITTED SUICIDE AFTER BEING DEFEATED BY OCTAVIAN. 25) PATERFAMILIAS WAS HEAD OF THE ROMAN FAMILY. 26) INSULAE WERE APARTMENT BLOCKS. 27) SADDUCEES FAVORED COOPERATION WITH THE ROMANS. 28) THEODOSIUS THE GREAT MADE CHRISTIANITY THE OFFICAL RELIGION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 29) VANDALS WERE GERMAN TRIBE THAT SACKED ROME. 30) ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS DEPOSED BY GERMANIC HEAD OF THE ARMY, MARKING THE FALL OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE. 31) REPUBLIC A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE LEADER IS NOT A MONARCH AND CERTAIN CITIZENS CAN VOTE. 32) PATRICIANS WERE GREAT LANDOWNERS WHO BECAME ROMEʼS RULING CLASS. 33) JULIUS CAESAR WAS ASSASSINATED BY A GROUP OF LEADING SENATORS. 34) AUGUSTUS WAS FIRST ROMAN EMPEROR. 35) VIRGIL WAS AUTHOR OF THE AENEID. 36) SPARTACUS WAS A GLADIATOR WHO LED A MASSIVE SLAVE REVOLT. 37) ZEALOTS ADVOCATED THE VIOLENT OVERTHROW OF ROMAN RULE. 38) EDICT OF MILAN PROCLAIMED OFFICAL TOLERANCE OF CHRISTIANITY. 39) VISIGOTHS WERE FIRST INVADING TRIBE TO SACK ROME. 40) DIOCLETIAN BELIEVED THE ROMAN EMPIRE WAS TOO LARGE FOR A SINGLE RULER..

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The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D

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RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian's “Great

ABSTRACT RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy. (Under the direction of Prof. S. Thomas Parker) In the year 303, the Roman Emperor Diocletian and the other members of the Tetrarchy launched a series of persecutions against Christians that is remembered as the most severe, widespread, and systematic persecution in the Church’s history. Around that time, the Tetrarchy also issued a rescript to the Pronconsul of Africa ordering similar persecutory actions against a religious group known as the Manichaeans. At first glance, the Tetrarchy’s actions appear to be the result of tensions between traditional classical paganism and religious groups that were not part of that system. However, when the status of Jewish populations in the Empire is examined, it becomes apparent that the Tetrarchy only persecuted Christians and Manichaeans. This thesis explores the relationship between the Tetrarchy and each of these three minority groups as it attempts to understand the Tetrarchy’s policies towards minority religions. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the relationship between the Roman state and minority religious groups in the era just before the Empire’s formal conversion to Christianity. It is only around certain moments in the various religions’ relationships with the state that the Tetrarchs order violence. Consequently, I argue that violence towards minority religions was a means by which the Roman state policed boundaries around its conceptions of Roman identity. © Copyright 2016 Carl Ross Rice All Rights Reserved Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy by Carl Ross Rice A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ _______________________________ S.
Ancient Rome

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Upper Elementary Class Notes

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Tetrarch Pdf, Epub, Ebook

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A New Examination of the Arch of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus at Oea Rachel Meyers Iowa State University, [email protected]

World Languages and Cultures Publications World Languages and Cultures 2017 A New Examination of the Arch of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus at Oea Rachel Meyers Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/language_pubs Part of the European Languages and Societies Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the History of Gender Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ language_pubs/130. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the World Languages and Cultures at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in World Languages and Cultures Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A New Examination of the Arch of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus at Oea Abstract The ra ch dedicated to Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus at Oea was an important component in that town’s building activity. By situating the arch within its socio-historical context and acknowledging the political identity of Oea and nearby towns, this article shows that the arch at Oea far surpassed nearby contemporary arches in style, material, and execution. Further, this article demonstrates that the arch was a key element in Oea’s Roman identity. Finally, the article bridges disciplinary boundaries by bringing together art historical analysis with the concepts of euergetism, Roman civic status, and inter-city rivalry in the Roman Empire.
Calendar of Roman Events

Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th.
Antioch 1: the City Page I - 1 the Great Cicero Extolled the City for Its Art and Literature

Chapter 1 The City INTRODUCTION The spread of early Christianity is often caricatured like this: Jesus’ first disciples were simple fishermen. They were largely ignorant, illiterate, unpolished. They began preaching their message to the poor and the disenfranchised, such as slaves. This message brought them hope and began to leak out from Jerusalem. The Christians spread to small villages and back waters. Over time, the message spread to some cities and eventually captured attention – again, primarily among the poor – in some big cities. The success of the mission in Antioch shows that this is a cartoon of what actually happened. And that is why we ask, “What happened in Antioch?” THE CITY OF ANTIOCH The City of Antioch was a large and influential city. It was located in northwestern Syria – just south of the border with modern Turkey. To get an idea of its placement: Antioch was located north of Jerusalem, about 300 miles (compare distance from Dallas to Little Rock). It was about 86 miles east of Paul’s hometown, Tarsus. And it was inland from the Mediterranean about 20 miles. Antioch was the third most important city in the Roman Empire at the beginning of the first century, following Rome and Alexandria. By the end of the Century, Antioch would overtake its rival, Alexandria. The City was called “the Queen of the East.” Antioch had a storied history. It was founded by one of Alexander the Great’s generals following the conqueror’s death. One story places the founding of the city in the year 300 BC. Seleucus I founded the city where he did because it had strategic importance and natural beauty.
Expulsion from the Senate of the Roman Republic, C.319–50 BC

Ex senatu eiecti sunt: Expulsion from the Senate of the Roman Republic, c.319–50 BC Lee Christopher MOORE University College London (UCL) PhD, 2013 1 Declaration I, Lee Christopher MOORE, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Thesis abstract One of the major duties performed by the censors of the Roman Republic was that of the lectio senatus, the enrolment of the Senate. As part of this process they were able to expel from that body anyone whom they deemed unequal to the honour of continued membership. Those expelled were termed ‘praeteriti’. While various aspects of this important and at-times controversial process have attracted scholarly attention, a detailed survey has never been attempted. The work is divided into two major parts. Part I comprises four chapters relating to various aspects of the lectio. Chapter 1 sees a close analysis of the term ‘praeteritus’, shedding fresh light on senatorial demographics and turnover – primarily a demonstration of the correctness of the (minority) view that as early as the third century the quaestorship conveyed automatic membership of the Senate to those who held it. It was not a Sullan innovation. In Ch.2 we calculate that during the period under investigation, c.350 members were expelled. When factoring for life expectancy, this translates to a significant mean lifetime risk of expulsion: c.10%. Also, that mean risk was front-loaded, with praetorians and consulars significantly less likely to be expelled than subpraetorian members.
The Extension of Imperial Authority Under Diocletian and the Tetrarchy, 285-305Ce

University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 The Extension Of Imperial Authority Under Diocletian And The Tetrarchy, 285-305ce Joshua Petitt University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Petitt, Joshua, "The Extension Of Imperial Authority Under Diocletian And The Tetrarchy, 285-305ce" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2412. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2412 THE EXTENSION OF IMPERIAL AUTHORITY UNDER DIOCLETIAN AND THE TETRARCHY, 285-305CE. by JOSHUA EDWARD PETITT B.A. History, University of Central Florida 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2012 © 2012 Joshua Petitt ii ABSTRACT Despite a vast amount of research on Late Antiquity, little attention has been paid to certain figures that prove to be influential during this time. The focus of historians on Constantine I, the first Roman Emperor to allegedly convert to Christianity, has often come at the cost of ignoring Constantine's predecessor, Diocletian, sometimes known as the "Second Father of the Roman Empire". The success of Constantine's empire has often been attributed to the work and reforms of Diocletian, but there have been very few studies of the man beyond simple biography.
Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate from the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty

Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate From the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty By Jessica J. Stephens A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor David Potter, chair Professor Bruce W. Frier Professor Richard Janko Professor Nicola Terrenato [Type text] [Type text] © Jessica J. Stephens 2016 Dedication To those of us who do not hesitate to take the long and winding road, who are stars in someone else’s sky, and who walk the hillside in the sweet summer sun. ii [Type text] [Type text] Acknowledgements I owe my deep gratitude to many people whose intellectual, emotional, and financial support made my journey possible. Without Dr. T., Eric, Jay, and Maryanne, my academic career would have never begun and I will forever be grateful for the opportunities they gave me. At Michigan, guidance in negotiating the administrative side of the PhD given by Kathleen and Michelle has been invaluable, and I have treasured the conversations I have had with them and Terre, Diana, and Molly about gardening and travelling. The network of gardeners at Project Grow has provided me with hundreds of hours of joy and a respite from the stress of the academy. I owe many thanks to my fellow graduate students, not only for attending the brown bags and Three Field Talks I gave that helped shape this project, but also for their astute feedback, wonderful camaraderie, and constant support over our many years together. Due particular recognition for reading chapters, lengthy discussions, office friendships, and hours of good company are the following: Michael McOsker, Karen Acton, Beth Platte, Trevor Kilgore, Patrick Parker, Anna Whittington, Gene Cassedy, Ryan Hughes, Ananda Burra, Tim Hart, Matt Naglak, Garrett Ryan, and Ellen Cole Lee.
Ancient Rome – the Fall of Rome Rome Ruled Much of Europe Around the Mediterranean for Over 1000 Years

Ancient Rome – The Fall of Rome Rome ruled much of Europe around the Mediterranean for over 1000 years. However, the inner workings of the Roman Empire began to decline starting around 200 AD. By 400 AD Rome was struggling under the weight of its giant empire. The city of Rome finally fell in 476 AD. The Peak of Roman Power Rome reached its peak of power in the 2nd century around the year 117 AD under the rule of the great Roman emperor Trajan. Virtually all of the coastline along the Mediterranean Sea was part of the Roman Empire. This included Spain, Italy, France, southern Britain, Turkey, Israel, Egypt, and northern Africa. Gradual Decline The Fall of Rome didn't happen in a day, it happened over a long period of time. There are a number of reasons why the empire began to fail. Here are some of the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire: The politicians and rulers of Rome became more and more corrupt Infighting and civil wars within the Empire Attacks from barbarian tribes outside of the empire such as the Visigoths, Huns, Franks, and Vandals. The Roman army was no longer a dominant force The empire became so large it was difficult to govern Rome Divides into Two In 285 AD, Emperor Diocletian decided that the Roman Empire was too big to manage. He divided the Empire into two parts, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire. Over the next hundred years or so, Rome would be reunited, split into three parts, and split in two again.