ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & ATASA 5 th Study Guide Chapter 40 Pages 1173­1215 Automatic Transmissions /Transaxles 107 Points

Be Certain to Read the Summary ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 1. Automatic transmissions are operated by hydraulics as well as electronics to select ______according to engine speed, powertrain load, vehicle speed, and other factors.

Hydraulic Diagrams Electronic Schematics Gear Ratios ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 2. The number of forward gears offered in current vehicle ranges from ____ to ____ and there are also continuously variable designs (CVT) with no fixed ratio. All offer at least one overdrive ratio for mpg.

1 to 2 2 to 4 4 to 8 ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 3. The ______is a one­piece, welded­unit, fluid coupling between the engine & trans that multiplies the twisting motion of the crankshaft & passes it through to the .

Torque Converter Planetary Gearset Valve Body ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 4. The T/C is connected to the crankshaft flange through a metal ______that holds the starter ring gear. A flywheel is not needed because the T/C has enough mass to provide inertia.

Flex Plate Hex Wrench Flex Saucer ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 5. A standard converter consists of 3 basic parts: ______, ______, & ______.

Impeller, Stator, & Turbine ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 6. The impeller is the input or ______member of the T/C and it always spins at engine rpm. (T/C pump)

Drive Driven Neutral ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 7. The turbine is the output or ______member of the T/C and is splined to the trans input shaft.

Drive Driven Neutral ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 8. The stator is the ______member or torque multiplier of the T/C & operates on a 1­way .

Reaction Drive Driven ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 9. The torque converter ______is often used to drive the “front pump” of the transmission.

Hub Stub Grub ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 10. There is no direct ______connection between the impeller & turbine & they never achieve the same speed. They only come close during the coupling point at highest rotary flow.

Hydraulic Mechanical Electrical ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 11. ______flow is ATF flow around the circumference of the T/C. ______flow is ATF flow occurring from the impeller to the turbine & back to the impeller. (draw a vortex here)

Rotary Flow is Useless

Vortex Flow Does the Work in a T/C ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 12. Highest vortex flow takes place at the highest ______multiplication, when the speed difference between the impeller & turbine is the greatest. Highest rotary flow is at the coupling stage.

Speed Torque Gear ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 12. Highest vortex flow takes place at the highest ______multiplication, when the speed difference between the impeller & turbine is the greatest. Highest rotary flow is at the coupling stage.

Speed Torque Gear ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 13. The ______contains a one­way clutch that is splined to the stator support on the front pump.

Stator Turbine Rotor ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 14. The sprag or roller clutch in the stator is generally known as an ______clutch.

Undermining Overrunning Over­revving ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

Sprag Style Roller Style

These are One­Way or Overrunning ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 15. As a vehicle begins to move, the stator 1­way clutch is ______. If it were not locked, the vehicle would have a severe loss of power. So a T/C can be the cause of “doggy” acceleration.

Locked Free­wheeling Overrunning ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 16. The stator one­way roller or sprag clutch ______when the impeller & turbine reach the coupling (nearly the same speed) stage.

Locks or Overrunning Comes Unglued ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 17. A stator roller clutch that is ______at all times (couldn’t ) would limit “top end”.

Locked Overrunning Free­wheeling ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 18. A ______torque converter eliminates the 10% slippage between impeller & turbine @ coupling.

Lock­up Back­up Mock­up ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 19. ATF to apply the lockup clutch piston in the T/C is fed through a hollow ______(input) shaft.

Turbine Stator Impeller ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 20. The _____ controls T/C lockup clutch (TCC) operation by switching solenoids that control ATF flow.

PCM

PCM BCM SRS ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 21. A ______gearset has a sun gear, a carrier with planetary pinions & an internal ring gear.

Planetary Universal Global ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

Howstuffworks "How Gears Work" ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 22. The ______gear is located in the center of the planetary gearset. It can be either spur or helical.

Sun Ring Pinion ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 23. Planetary ______gears rotate on needle bearings & are held in a ______framework.

Pinions are held in a Carrier ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

The easiest way to remember which mode a planetary gearset is in is to look at the planetary carrier.

Carrier drives = overdrive Carrier driven = reduction Carrier held = reverse Two members held = direct drive Nothing driven or held = neutral Parking Pawl engaged to the output shaft = park ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 24. The ______or internal ring gear surrounds the whole gearset adding strength to it.

Sun Annulus Pinion ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 25. Power ______through a planetary gearset depends on which members are held, driven, or at rest. The best advice to remembering this is to keep you eye on the planetary carrier.

Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park

Transfer or Power Flow ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles Carrier Driven: Reduction Band Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse Ring 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park Clutch Pinions Sun Drum

Input Drives, Held or Driven?

Plates

Plates ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 26. If the carrier is driven, (output) the result is a ______in speed & a gain in torque.

Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park

Reduction Direct Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

Carrier Driven = Reduction ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 27. If the carrier drives, (input) the result is an ______in speed & a loss of torque.

Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park

Reduction Direct Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 28. If the carrier is held, the result is ______.

Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park

Reduction Reverse Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 29. If two members of the planetary gearset are locked or held together a ______1:1 drive results.

Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park

Reduction Direct Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 30. When no member of the planetary gearset is held, a ______condition exists.

Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park

Reduction Neutral Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 31. A ______planetary gearset is simply two planetary gearsets connected together….behind each other

Compound Simpson Ravigneaux

ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 32. A ______compound planetary gearset shares a common sun gear between the front & rear or input & reaction gearsets. The most commonly used compound planetary gearset.

Compound Simpson Ravigneaux ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 33. A ______compound planetary gearset shares a common ring gear between the front & rear or input & reaction gearsets. 3 long pinions & 3 short pinions are used in the carrier.

Compound Simpson Ravigneaux ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 34. ______planetary gearsets are those located in series, but not sharing a component like the Simpson & the Ravigneaux do. (front carrier locked to rear ring & front ring locked to rear carrier)

Tandem Simpson Ravigneaux ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 35. The ______system connects a simple planetary set to a Ravigneaux set to achieve 6, 7, or 8 forward speeds. Electronic controls have made this intense design practical for use.

Lepelletier Simpson McPherson ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 36. Honda has a ______­ ______based that is automatically shifted with gears as in a manual transaxle, but they are electro­hydraulically put into action.

Non­Planetary Simpson McPherson ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 37. The CVT or ______has no fixed forward speeds and relies on a steel belt that changes effective diameter to achieve variable drive ratios.

Continuously Variable Transmission ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

38. The Nissan ______CVT is a design based on discs & rollers.

Extroid Simpson McPherson ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 39. ______vehicles use planetary gear­based CVTs. ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 40. Transmissions use ______& ______, wet, multi­disc ______and one­way sprag or roller clutches to hold planetary gearset members and achieve their gear ratios.

Bands & Servos Clutches ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 41. A band (also called brake band) can wrap around the outside diameter of clutch drums to ______it from rotating in either direction. Bands apply with hydraulic servo pressure & lock to the case.

Hold Prevent Stop ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 42. Bands may be ______or flexible and may also be either ______or double wrap types.

Bridged Frigid Rigid

Single Quadruple Twin ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 43. ATF fluid pressure is used to ______a servo. With pressure released, springs un­apply servos.

Apply Prevent Release ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 44. A servo that uses fluid pressure to both apply & un­apply it is called a ______servo.

Compound Planetary Extroid ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 45. Overrunning (one­way) clutches have the advantage of ______engagement.

Instantaneous Long­Term Short­Term ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 46. Multiple­disc clutch plates are applied by fluid pressure acting on clutch ______. These clutch plates are released or unapplied by ______pressure when fluid pressure is released.

Pistons Spring Cams Fall Rods Winter ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 47. A clutch pack consists of ______clutch plates or discs that are externally splined, ______plates which are lined on both surfaces & internally splined, and a very thick, top pressure plate.

Hard, Soft Steel, Friction Lead, Tin ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 48. Clutch plates must be perfectly ______. Friction plates are lined w/ paper fibers, graphite & ceramics.

Concave Flat Convex ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 49. ______bearings, thrust washers made of synthetic materials, and steel thrust washers coated with low friction materials are used to control axial play inside of automatic transmissions.

Torrington Bearings are Axial Thrust, Anti­Friction Bearings ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 50. Many different types & sizes of ______are used to hold assemblies together.

Earrings Snap Rings Bull Rings ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 51. ______gaskets are used to direct fluid flow or seal off passages. They never get sealer on them!

Hard Medium Soft ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 52. ______gaskets are used on irregular surfaces like the oil pan. Sealer is occasionally used on them.

Hard Medium Soft ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 53. A ______seal is used between two non­moving parts. A ______seal is used between two parts that move in relation to each other.

Static = Still Dynamic = Moving ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 54. A ______seal is designed to prevent all fluid leakage between parts. A non­positive seal is designed to allow a controlled amount of leakage, typically to allow lubrication.

Positive Average Negative ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 55. 3 major types of rubber seals used are ___­______, ______seals, & ______­______seals

O­Ring, Lip Seal, Square­Cut Seal ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 56. 3 types of metal seals used are ______­ end, ______­ end, and ______­ end seals.

Butt­End, Open­End, & Hook­End ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 57. One­piece ______seals need special installation tools but scarf­cut seals can easily be replaced.

Teflon Rayon Nylon ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 58. The last set of gears in a drive train is called the ______. Transaxles have the final drive gears (differential) located inside the case.

Input Drive Middle Drive Final Drive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 59. Pascsal’s basic law of hydraulics states that ______exerted on a confined liquid is transmitted undiminished and equally in all directions with equal force on all areas. F = P x A

Force Pressure Area ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 60. Since fluids cannot be ______, they work well to increase force when conducting fluid pressure through a circuit operating a piston with a larger surface area from one with a smaller area.

Compressed Ignited Depressed ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 61. The ATF circulating in the transmission ______the parts, lubricates parts, cleans parts and flows under pressure through passages causing valve movement, and the application of clutches & servos.

Cools ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 62. The main ATF reservoir is the ______. Fluid level is typically checked with a ______.

Pan, Dipstick Radiator, Dipstick Trunk, Dipstick ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 63. All fluid reservoirs must have an air ______to allow atmospheric pressure to act on the fluid.

Bleed Vent Container ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 64. Excessive heat (above 175°F) causes ATF to break down so ______are essential components.

Coolers Extroids Heaters ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

65. The ______is responsible for control & distribution of pressurized fluid.

Valve Body Student Body Worm Passage ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 67. ATF flows through precisely machined ______and fluid passages (worm passages) in the cast iron or aluminum valve bodies.

Chores Bores Lores ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 68. ______plates & transfer plates between the valve body & case with seal off passages.

Separator Evaluator Detonator ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 69. Check ball valves, poppet & spool valves are used to ______, ______, direct & regulate fluid flow.

Start, Stop Stop, Yield Start, Accelerate ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 70. Each spool valve has a valley that forms a fluid pressure chamber, ______used to cover or uncover fluid flow ports, and a reaction area on which fluid & spring pressure acts.

Lands Soils Sands ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 71. The pressure source in the transmission is the oil ______while the ______contains the control valving to regulate & direct the pressure & flow of fluid to servos & clutches.

Pump

Valve Body ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 72. Pump pressure (called main line pressure) is a variable depending upon engine ______and the operation of a main pressure regulator valve.

Speed Acceleration Deceleration ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 73. 3 basic pump designs in use are the ______, ______, and ______types.

Gear Pumps, Rotor Pumps, Vane Pumps ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 74. A pressure ______valve maintains proper fluid pressure in the transmission.

Balance Regulator Relief ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 75. Many transmissions now have ______pressure control solenoids to regulate pressure. (EPC) ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 76. The ______is an output shaft mounted, speed­sensitive device that develops a pressure that gets directed against a shift valve to demand an upshift.

Governor Modulator Throttle ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 77. Both the vacuum ______& the ______valve are load­sensitive devices used to increase main line so that clutches & bands can be held tighter while demanding uphift.

Vacuum Modulator & Throttle Valve ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 78. The ______valve is the only spool valve that gets controlled directly by the driver through the gear selector linkage. PRNDL

Manual Governor Modulator ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 79. It can be said that the ______demands downshifts & allows upshifts. (based on load­MAP)

Modulator Governor Kickdown

Main Line Pressure vs. Governor Pressure vs. Modulator Pressure ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 80. It can be said that the ______demands upshifts & allows downshifts. (based on speed­VSS input)

Modulator Governor Kickdown ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 81. A ______circuit provides a downshift (lower gear) when the driver requires more power.

Modulator Governor Kickdown ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 82. Shift feel is controlled by the ______at which each reaction member is applied or released, the ______at which each is pressurized or exhausted, & the ______of the apply & release.

Pressure, Rate, Timing ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 83. ______slow down application rates without decreasing the holding force of the device.

Accumulators Modulators Spools ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 84. Some transmissions use restrictive ______instead of accumulators in line to a servo or clutch piston to allow for gradual increase of fluid flow and smooth engagement of a band or clutch.

Orifices are in the separator plate ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

85. Shift ______, different than shift feel, is determined by throttle & governor pressures acting on shift valves.

Timing Reaction Valves ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

86. Shift ______can be used to time the shifts and to also provide shift feel through pulse width modulation of fluid into controlling members.

Solenoids Relays Breakers ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 87. Hydraulic circuit ______and clutch & band application charts are used to diagnose improper operation prior to service.

Venn Diagrams Flow Charts Art Work ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles

The easiest way to remember which mode a planetary gearset is in is to look at the planetary carrier.

Carrier drives = overdrive Carrier driven = reduction Carrier held = reverse Two members held = direct drive Nothing driven or held = neutral Parking Pawl engaged to the output shaft = park ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles