ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Study Guide Chapter 40 Pages 1173­1215 Automatic Transmissions /Transaxles 107 Points Be Certain to Read the Summary ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 1. Automatic transmissions are operated by hydraulics as well as electronics to select _______ ________ according to engine speed, powertrain load, vehicle speed, and other factors. Hydraulic Diagrams Electronic Schematics Gear Ratios ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 2. The number of forward gears offered in current vehicle ranges from ____ to ____ and there are also continuously variable designs (CVT) with no fixed ratio. All offer at least one overdrive ratio for mpg. 1 to 2 2 to 4 4 to 8 ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 3. The ___________ ______________ is a one­piece, welded­unit, fluid coupling between the engine & trans that multiplies the twisting motion of the crankshaft & passes it through to the transmission. Torque Converter Planetary Gearset Valve Body ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 4. The T/C is connected to the crankshaft flange through a metal ______ ________ that holds the starter ring gear. A flywheel is not needed because the T/C has enough mass to provide inertia. Flex Plate Hex Wrench Flex Saucer ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 5. A standard torque converter consists of 3 basic parts: _____________, ____________, & _________. Impeller, Stator, & Turbine ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 6. The impeller is the input or _____________ member of the T/C and it always spins at engine rpm. (T/C pump) Drive Driven Neutral ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 7. The turbine is the output or ______________ member of the T/C and is splined to the trans input shaft. Drive Driven Neutral ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 8. The stator is the ______________ member or torque multiplier of the T/C & operates on a 1­way clutch. Reaction Drive Driven ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 9. The torque converter ______ is often used to drive the “front pump” of the transmission. Hub Stub Grub ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 10. There is no direct ___________________ connection between the impeller & turbine & they never achieve the same speed. They only come close during the coupling point at highest rotary flow. Hydraulic Mechanical Electrical ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 11. __________ flow is ATF flow around the circumference of the T/C. ____________ flow is ATF flow occurring from the impeller to the turbine & back to the impeller. (draw a vortex here) Rotary Flow is Useless Vortex Flow Does the Work in a T/C ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 12. Highest vortex flow takes place at the highest __________ multiplication, when the speed difference between the impeller & turbine is the greatest. Highest rotary flow is at the coupling stage. Speed Torque Gear ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 12. Highest vortex flow takes place at the highest __________ multiplication, when the speed difference between the impeller & turbine is the greatest. Highest rotary flow is at the coupling stage. Speed Torque Gear ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 13. The ____________ contains a one­way clutch that is splined to the stator support on the front pump. Stator Turbine Rotor ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 14. The sprag or roller clutch in the stator is generally known as an _________________ clutch. Undermining Overrunning Over­revving ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles Sprag Style Roller Style These are One­Way or Overrunning Clutches ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 15. As a vehicle begins to move, the stator 1­way clutch is ________. If it were not locked, the vehicle would have a severe loss of power. So a T/C can be the cause of “doggy” acceleration. Locked Free­wheeling Overrunning ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 16. The stator one­way roller or sprag clutch ______________ when the impeller & turbine reach the coupling (nearly the same speed) stage. Locks Freewheels or Overrunning Comes Unglued ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 17. A stator roller clutch that is ________ at all times (couldn’t freewheel) would limit “top end”. Locked Overrunning Free­wheeling ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 18. A __________ torque converter eliminates the 10% slippage between impeller & turbine @ coupling. Lock­up Back­up Mock­up ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 19. ATF to apply the lockup clutch piston in the T/C is fed through a hollow ____________ (input) shaft. Turbine Stator Impeller ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 20. The _____ controls T/C lockup clutch (TCC) operation by switching solenoids that control ATF flow. PCM PCM BCM SRS ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 21. A ______________ gearset has a sun gear, a carrier with planetary pinions & an internal ring gear. Planetary Universal Global ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles Howstuffworks "How Gears Work" ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 22. The ______ gear is located in the center of the planetary gearset. It can be either spur or helical. Sun Ring Pinion ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 23. Planetary _____________ gears rotate on needle bearings & are held in a ____________ framework. Pinions are held in a Carrier ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles The easiest way to remember which mode a planetary gearset is in is to look at the planetary carrier. Carrier drives = overdrive Carrier driven = reduction Carrier held = reverse Two members held = direct drive Nothing driven or held = neutral Parking Pawl engaged to the output shaft = park ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 24. The _______________ or internal ring gear surrounds the whole gearset adding strength to it. Sun Annulus Pinion ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 25. Power ________________ through a planetary gearset depends on which members are held, driven, or at rest. The best advice to remembering this is to keep you eye on the planetary carrier. Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park Transfer or Power Flow ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles Carrier Driven: Reduction Band Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse Ring 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park Clutch Pinions Sun Drum Input Drives, Held or Driven? Plates Plates ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 26. If the carrier is driven, (output) the result is a __________________ in speed & a gain in torque. Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park Reduction Direct Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles Carrier Driven = Reduction ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 27. If the carrier drives, (input) the result is an ___________________ in speed & a loss of torque. Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park Reduction Direct Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 28. If the carrier is held, the result is ______________. Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park Reduction Reverse Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 29. If two members of the planetary gearset are locked or held together a __________ 1:1 drive results. Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park Reduction Direct Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 30. When no member of the planetary gearset is held, a ____________ condition exists. Carrier Driven: Reduction Carrier Drives: Overdrive Carrier Held: Reverse 2 Members Locked: Direct Nothing Held: Neutral Pawl Engaged: Park Reduction Neutral Overdrive ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 31. A ________________ planetary gearset is simply two planetary gearsets connected together….behind each other Compound Simpson Ravigneaux ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 32. A __________ compound planetary gearset shares a common sun gear between the front & rear or input & reaction gearsets. The most commonly used compound planetary gearset. Compound Simpson Ravigneaux ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 33. A _____________ compound planetary gearset shares a common ring gear between the front & rear or input & reaction gearsets. 3 long pinions & 3 short pinions are used in the carrier. Compound Simpson Ravigneaux ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 34. ______________ planetary gearsets are those located in series, but not sharing a component like the Simpson & the Ravigneaux do. (front carrier locked to rear ring & front ring locked to rear carrier) Tandem Simpson Ravigneaux ATASA 5 th Automatic Transmissions & Transaxles 35. The ___________ system connects a simple planetary set to a Ravigneaux set to achieve 6, 7, or 8 forward speeds. Electronic