The Consideration of Urban Climate in Green Building Standards and Urban Planning Formulations ----A Review in China

Yuan HUANG*, Fangli CHEN, Wei ZHAO, Jiao YANG Department of Urban Planning, School of Architecture and Design , Southwest Jiaotong University, China

Issued - Land use - Eco district scale: keeping Adaptation to Climate Change Discussion • Mix development - Land use Document • the balance of contents Introduction •Planning and arrangement: road network, facilities Planning and arrangement: planning greening rate between “mitigation” & - Zoning strategies: urbanized area - Green buildings • Buildings’ arrangement: optimal orientation “adaptation” • “National Strategies Classification of Eastern , Central and Western urbanized areas Assessment - Resource and “carbon mission” & ventilation corridor • - The reports in the recent years from IPCC, UN-HABITA and World Bank have showed the Rational planning of urban river network, Standard for • Energy use of buildings and municipal facilities for Adaptation to • Improving buildings’ layout, mitigating heat island effect; • Solid waste and material resources - Ecological environment - Eco district scale: paying importance of building design, urban and regional planning in addressing Climate Change. • Improvement of urban drainage waterlogging and layout of flood control and disaster Green Eco - • Natural ecological environment: biodiversity, Climate Change” • “Carbon emission” attention on the impact of mitigation projects; district 2013 green coverage, Economical green coverage, • Reducing impervious surface, expanding urban greening space and water bodies Opinion soliciting draft - Green traffic wetland protection, low impact development industrial and economical NDRC Climate [2013]2252 - Attaching great importance • • Using wetland park for rainwater storage Transportation system • Environmental quality: density of heat island development From the View of Building and Urban Legislation in China • Determining the drainage paths, reducing waterlogging. to “Adaptation” - Industry and economy - Green buildings • Optimization of industrial structure - Strengthening the leading role of urban planning - From “National Strategies • Green life • Considering climate change factors in urban planning “ to “Action plan” in details • Strengthening planning and layout in the relevant fields Design of Building and its surroundings, - Improving urban buildings’ adaptation ability to Climate Change - The Fresh Plan relatively Urban climatology • Forward-looking layout on green buildings comprehensive from urban Collaboration to address Urban Design and Planning • Urban renewal and transformation of old residential sectors planning to risk Climatic Consideration in “Action Plan on • Promotion of industrialization of prefabricated buildings Climate Change management Urban Adaptation to - Playing the functions of urban ecological greening Urban Planning Formulation Climate Change” • Establishing the climate friendly urban eco-system - Collaboration with the • Playing the role of landscape greening to improve urban microclimate 2016 demonstrative projects of NDRC Climate [2016]245 - Protecting urban water safety of the city Green Eco-districts Situation • Promotion of the sponge city’s construction consideration on “Climate Actions ” • Construction of water-saving city - The classic consideration of urban climate is still the employment of basic metrological data, no • Construction of scientific urban flood control and drainage system climate change incremental factors. - Establishing the integrated urban disaster risk management system - The importance of “mitigation” & “adaptation” is ignored in practice level. showing in-depth collaboration local Bureau of Urban Planning with local Meteorology Bureau and - Pilot and demonstrative projects - Little evidence • 30 pilot cities as “ Climatic Adaptation Cities “ Development and Reform Commission on the formulation of urban planning. From building scale to regional scale - Some of the local Bureau have showed their interests in ventilation corridor planning, heat island mitigation, low impact Green Building Urban Planning development planning etc. with the preliminary attempt on detailed planning formulation. Standards Formulation - In the research field, it has been paid more and more attention on “Climate Change and Urban Planning”, there is the Climatic Consideration in the Representative thematicization trend on low-carbon planning, ventilation corridor planning, thermal environment amelioration, “sponge city” planning, urban disaster prevention planning.

Green Building Standards Frame of Urban Master Planning to Address Climate Change

“Urban Construction” in the Key Policies of Scale Standards and Norms Discussion Urban System Planning of Central City Area Planning Special Planning “Climate Actions ” - Assessment Standard for Green Building ( GB/T50378-2014) - Not a major consideration Municipal Area Building & its - Different Types: Industrial Building, Office, Shop, Hotel, Hospital, Expo, to address Climate Change Urban Space and Form Railway Station etc .. (released or draft for approval) “Sponge City” Planning surrounding - Focusing on the topics of - Different Phases: Design, Construction, Operation (released or draft for approval ) Special Climate Zoning energy and materials Land Use Issued - Assessment Standard for Green Reconstruction of Existing Building ( draft Energy saving & Efficiency Mitigation to Climate Change Adaptation to Climate Change Discussion for approval) saving Document Transportation facilities Planning - Standards for Green Residential Area ( CECS377:2014) - Climate factors being Urban & rural Form City Block “National Program - Energy Efficiency & energy saving - Assessment Standards for Green Campus ( CSUS/GBC4-2013) highly concerned Control Green Space System •Green building design - Little consideration for Ventilation Corridor to Address Climate •Tech. and equip. of building’s energy efficiency - Appearance of the topics “Adaptation” Urban District/ - Assessment Standard for Green Eco -district ( opinion soliciting draft) Industrial area layout Planning Change” •Integration Tech. of renewable energy building to Climate Change Transportation system Small Town - Evaluation Standard for Green Small Town ( CSUS/GBC 06-2015） 2007 •Tech. and equip. of green building construction • - Simple consideration of response Municipal Infrastructure National Development and Energy-saving and green building materials Thermal Environment Reform Commission (NDRC) •Energy-saving tech. and standards for building ? green building and energy of China Urban & Rural Industry Improving Planning (including existing building) saving tech.. Standard Mitigation to Climate Change Adaptation to Climate Change Discussion Vertical Planning “Scientific and - Tech. of Building’s energy saving - The consideration of Disaster Prevention and energy efficiency - Optimal land use and outdoor envi. - Building scale: good Municipal Infrastructure planning Coastline Planning Technological land use in addition to • Transportation facilities and services agreement with climate Actions on Climate - Integration Tech. of solar building energy saving and clean • Facilitation of public services Change” change targets on energy - Land use control energy. Assessment - Energy saving & utilization 2007 ? • Building and its envelop - Optimal land use and outdoor envi. saving, environment Standard for 14 ministries and - Assessment for the impacts of • Heating, ventilation and air conditioning • Land use: green land protection, sustainable commissions of China Climate Change on mega projects Green • Lighting and electrical appliances • Outdoor environment: wind, heat island development etc. Conclusion & Acknowledgement Building • Comprehensive utilization of energy • Site design & ecological environment: green - Improving urban infrastructure - Zoning policies GB/T50378-2014 - Materials’ saving & utilization rainwater infrastructure, storm water runoff control, reasonable greening - A high degree of • Selection of materials Conclusion & Advices constructions’ adaptation capacity •Urbanized area, Agricultural main uniformity in “Mitigation” for - Emission control in urban and rural •Consideration of Climate Change in urban producing area, Key ecological - Construction management - For the formulation of Green Building Standards, qualitative assessment is easier compared with quantitative the 3 scales because of the construction and rural planning, Climate Change risk function area • Environmental protection assessment (e.g. Index for UHI), operational quantitative indicators are expected to be developed. earlier development on the “National Plan to •Optimization of urban functional areas’ layout assessment for site selection and expansion • Resource conservation - The incremental factors of (Local) Climate Change should be better considered in the future formulation of Green •Actively response to heat island and -Taking urban index system of energy Address Climate •Carbon Emissions Assessment for new district Building Standards & Urban Planning,. planning waterlogging infrastructure construction - Value of urban area - Integration of construction site saving and emission Change • • - For the formulation of urban planning, a global view to address Climate Change should be established, special •Strengthening the low-carbon construction and Revision of urban flood control and in the first place for Diversity of residential area: supporting facilities • Site protection of ecological environment: reduction in China •Utilization of urban facilities: Walking distance planning topics especially on “adaptation” response could be developed. (2014 -2020)” management waterlogging standards “adaptation” avoidance of Ecological protection zone, • 2014 •Development of green buildings Reasonable layout of urban functional areas Standards for - Green traffic distance to natural green space - It is better to keep pace with the latest National Plan to address Climate Change for the Revision of Green Building • - From building to district NDRC Climate [2014] 2347 Prohibition of the occupation of urban green - Formulation of a Green • Walking, Public and Green traffic • Sustainable development of the site: Standards and Urban Planning Formulation. - Pilot and demonstration projects space, reserving and repairing river network scale , increasing emphasis relatively comprehensive Residential - Resource and energy efficiency environmental protection of the site, rainwater •Low-carbon city (town) •Encouragement of permeable pavements management on “adaptation” plan in urban construction Area • Energy and Environment Protection •Low-carbon industrial park •Strengthening the construction of rainwater • - Healthy and comfortable Acknowledgement CECS377:2014 Materials and Resources Reuse - Not unified levels of •Low-carbon residential community resources utilization facilities environment - National Science Foundation of China (Approval No. 51508469 ) •Strengthening the construction of urban - Development of the - Sustainable management • Sustainable quality management: life cycle • Environmental comfort guarantee: heat island provisions’ structure with lifeline system demonstrative projects. - “Introduction of Talent” Research Funding 2016 of SWJTU management, life cycle construction measures effect, green roof, 3D greening “Climate Actions”

97th AMS Annual Meeting | 22–26 January 2017 | Seattle, WA | 13th Symposium on the Urban Environment • Urban Development, Planning, Sustainability