Exporting 'Green'

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Top International Markets for Renewable Energy Companies ●●● Taking your green industry to the next level in the global market ●●●

Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 4 Industry Analysis...... 5 Suggested Certifications for Small Businesses and their products ...... 5 Overview of Renewable Energy Industry ...... 5 Entering the Renewable Energy Market ...... 8 This information was acquired from a government website: epa.gov ...... 8 Renewable Energy in the US ...... 8 Global View ...... 10 Export Opportunities for U.S Renewable Energy Firms...... 11 #1 Canada ...... 12 #2 Mexico ...... 14 #3 China ...... 18 #4 South Korea ...... 21 #5 Australia ...... 25 #6 Japan ...... 28 #7 Brazil...... 31 #8 United Kingdom ...... 35 #9 Germany ...... 39 #10 Singapore ...... 43 Additional Countries ...... 46 Upcoming Countries ...... 47 Turkey ...... 47 India ...... 47 Vietnam ...... 47 Additional Markets for Renewable Energy ...... 48 Belgium ...... 48 Italy...... 52 Spain ...... 56 South Africa ...... 59 Resources and Contact Information ...... 63 #1 Canada ...... 63 #2 Mexico ...... 63 #3 China ...... 63 #4 S.Korea ...... 64 #5 Australia...... 65 #6 Japan ...... 65 #7 Brazil ...... 65

#8 United Kingdom ...... 66 #9 Germany ...... 67 #10 Singapore ...... 67 Upcoming Countries ...... 67 India, Turkey, and Vietnam ...... 67 Additional Countries for Renewable Energy Market ...... 68 Belgium ...... 68 Italy ...... 68 Renewable Energy & Environmental Management ...... 69 Spain ...... 70 South Africa ...... 70 Bibliography ...... 71

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The Center for Green Industries and Sustainable Business Growth has made reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of this information. If may, however, include inaccuracies or typographical errors and may be changed or updated without notice. It is intended for discussion and educational purposes only and is not intended to and does not constitute legal financial or other professional advice. Some materials may provide links to other Internet sites only for the convenience of users. The Center for Green Industries and Sustainable Business Growth is not responsible for the availability or content of these sites. Duquesne University and the Center for Green Industries do not endorse or recommend any commercial products, processes, services, producer, or provider referenced in this material or information described or offered at other Internet sites.

The Center for Green Industries and Sustainable Business Growth is supported by the U.S. Economic Development Administration.

Introduction

Making the World a more Sustainable Place with Green Innovations Creates Promising Export Business Opportunities

In the last few years ‘Green Industries’ has taken a boom in the global market. Countries are becoming more aware and concerned about sustainability, and alternative means of living. These industries are developing a profitable market that is full of opportunities for U.S. products and services. Environmental concerns have pushed themselves to the surface and have grabbed the public’s attention as well. These concerns are then put on both government and private sector agendas. The prospects for export sales are becoming promising for renewable energy, environmental management, and green building services.

Both the private sectors and governments look to recent innovations to create a sustainable environment and less polluting energy sources to transform a polluted, industrialized world. This is why American companies must take this market by storm, and immerse themselves in this fast-growing and highly competitive industry.

This publication lists the top ten foreign country destinations of U. S products and services in the Renewable Energy field, in the time frame included in the charts. It also lists other opportunities in emerging, fast growing countries that are rapidly developing infrastructure in a sustainable way Of course, it is never certain that today’s market destinations will be certain in tomorrow’s top destinations. This is the reason why both the current and emerging markets are included.

The Renewable Energy Guide has categorized the top ten countries for selling U.S. products and services in 2011. The subcategories included in the data are: solar heating, PV, wind energy, hydro power, and geothermal. The major source of the information is from export.gov and the others that are noted. The following list is of HS codes that were used to collect data according to industry:

1. Solar Heating: 8419 2. PV:8511 3. Wind Energy: 8502 4. Hydro Power: 8410 5. Geothermal:8419

For each of the countries presented, this guide provides an insight to the country’s green consciousness, a chart of the market size sum for these subcategories, best prospects and opportunities, and a summary of how to get into this country’s market. This information is what U.S. firms need when evaluating foreign market opportunities for their products and services.

Research data have been obtained from government sources, trade association publications, business journals, and company literature.

Industry Analysis Suggested Certifications for Small Businesses and their products The following information was acquired from government websites: export.gov, epa.gov,

The United States Small Business Administration lists several certifications that can help you create a competitive advantage by labeling your product as environmentally sound on an international level.

International Certification

 The European Union Eco-Label Program is a voluntary scheme designed to encourage businesses to market products and services that are kinder to the environment and for European consumers  Canada's EcoLogo Label program certifies products from the United States and Canada in over 120 categories  Germany's Blue Angel program provides ecolabeling for a wide variety products  Scandinavia's Nordic Swan allows companies to apply for an ecolabel in over 66 product categories  Japan's EcoMark Program provides product certification and ecolabeling for several product types.Also CASBEE is a labeling tool based on the Building Environmental Efficiency (BEE).  Taiwan's Green Mark and Energy Label programs provide certification and ecolabeling for green and energy efficient products  The French Conformite Europeene, CE : is a program which certifies that a product has met EU health, safety, and environmental requirements, which ensure consumer safety. Manufacturers in the European Union (EU) and abroad must meet CE marking requirements, where applicable in order to market their products in the European Union.  The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE), which sets out the financial and other responsibilities of EEE producers with regard to the collection and recycling of waste from a broad range of EEE at their end of life.  The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS), which bans the use of certain hazardous substances (such as lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium and some polybrominated flame-retardants) in EEE.  REACH(Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restrictions of chemicals): is a major reform of EU chemicals policy, affecting all global supply chains that produce and use chemicals.

Overview of Renewable Energy Industry The following information was acquired from government websites: http://www.ren21.net

Renewable energy sources, including wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and water power play an important - and increasing - role in our nation's energy mix. The growth of clean and domestic renewable energy is an important part of addressing climate change and increasing our energy security.

World's Population Energy Usage

coal & natural gas hydropower nuclear energy wind, solar, & biomass

About 80 percent of the world's population uses electricity, in the above chart you have the following broken down: more than 60 percent of the world's electricity is generated from coal and natural gas; 16 percent from hydropower; 14 percent from nuclear energy; and 2 percent from wind, solar, and biomass, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Renewable Energy has become a cornerstone of the UN system strategy. Various UN agencies, such as UN Environment Program, UN Development Program, and UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN Industrial Development Organization, World Bank, The Global Environment Facility and Commission on Sustainable Development recognize the importance of tackling energy security. Many of their projects consist of projects that develop initiatives through different spectrums of renewable energy1. They range from policy designs to increasing financial accessibility, from rising public awareness to improving technological potential. The recent addition, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) was established, mandated by governments. Their mission is to promote the widespread and increased adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy.

The G8 process has also taken an interest in renewable energy, and since the dialogues and meetings of 2005, apart from G8 countries; large developing countries have taken an interest in the topic as well. Both the Heads of State and Heads of Government set out in tackling climate change, promoting clean energy and achieving sustainable development2.

1 http://www.ren21.net/RenewablesPolicy/InternationalProcesses/tabid/5607/Default.aspx

2 http://www.ren21.net/RenewablesPolicy/InternationalProcesses/tabid/5607/Default.aspx

The U.S. Energy Information Administration's International Energy Outlook 2011 (IEO2011) projects that the amount of global hydroelectric and other renewable electric generating capacity will rise 2.7% per year through 2035, more than any other electricity generating source (see chart below). The IEO2011 also projects that China and India will lead the way in adding hydroelectric and renewable electric generating capacity.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2011

Among renewable, installed hydroelectric power capacity is expected to increase more than other renewable sources between 2008 and 2035. However, installed solar power capacity sees the largest growth rate over the projection period, expanding 8.3% per year, based on EIA's IEO2011 released on September 19, followed by 5.7% for wind, 3.7% for geothermal, 2.0% for hydropower, and 1.4% for other renewable such as wood waste, landfill gas, and agricultural byproducts.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2011Long-term annual growth rates for global installed generating capacity are 2.0% for nuclear, 1.6% for natural gas-fired power plants, and 1.3% for coal, according to the IEO2011. The report estimates installed capacity of power plants running on petroleum products will fall by 1.0% a year, as higher oil costs and climate change concerns encourage a switch to cheaper and cleaner generating fuels.

Entering the Renewable Energy Market This information was acquired from a government website: epa.gov

Financial incentives for buying renewable energy, both as a business and a consumer, are plentiful. The Database of State Incentives for Renewable and Efficiency (DSIRE), lists the many different incentives and regulations for acquiring renewable energy. Incentives are available at the federal, state, and local levels. The incentives include grants, rebates, loans, and tax deductions. Many have strict stipulations, so be sure to read all the print before agreeing to the incentive. In addition to incentives, the site lists federal rules, regulations, and goals for renewable energy, as well as rules, regulations, and goals by state. Currently, Pennsylvania is one of just six states to offer a state renewable program, as well as utility, local and private renewable energy programs and incentives3.

In addition to financial incentives, it is important to understand the importance of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). The EPA defines an REC something that “represents the property rights to the environmental, social, and other non-power qualities of renewable electricity generation.” At every renewable energy grid, two things are produced: physical electricity and REC. REC is produced for every 1 megawatt hour (1,000 kilowatt hours). The RECs are sold or traded and represent the attribute of the renewable energy (not the actual electricity). Often RECs are bundled with the physical electricity before they are sold to the buyer. RECs allow the buyer to procure green power virtually anywhere and apply the electricity to a facility of their choice.

Renewable Energy in the US

“One of the fastest ways to create jobs in America is to invest in clean energy,” said Rhone Resch, president and CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association. “These are quality jobs and they can’t be outsourced. From plumbers to electricians to construction workers, the solar industry created nearly 20,000 jobs last year with the support of the stimulus bill. We proved that we can create much-needed job growth now with the right policies in place. But we can only keep up that momentum if Congress enacts a jobs bill that promotes deployment of solar and other clean energy technologies.”4

3 http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/econ_project_detail.asp?id=15 4 "Renewable Energy In 2010 – What To Expect In The Sector." Renewable Energy Sources. U.S Department of Energy, Feb. 2010. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. .

According to the U.S Energy Department, the United States is the world’s largest energy consumer and is a leader in the production and supply of energy. U.S. energy companies produce oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, alternative and renewable energy, and electricity transmission/distribution equipment, as well as supply energy technology to almost every country in the world. As for the manufacture of energy equipment, large companies dominate in the oil and gas field equipment manufacturing sector, while small- and medium-sized companies dominate the renewable energy equipment sector, according to the ‘Renewable Energy Data Book 2009’.

The Obama Administration has committed approximately $11 billion of the ARRA funds to upgrade the current grid system by incorporating smart grid technologies, namely information and communication technology (ICT) overlay, into the existing grid system5.The United States, is considered as the international leader in smart grid technologies and policies, is taking an all encompassing approach to a fully-integrated smart grid system, including power generation, electric meter, electricity end-user, and plug-in appliances/vehicles.

The following information were key notes acquired from the ‘2010 Renewable Data Book’, provided from the U.S Department of Energy:

 Renewable energy (excluding hydropower) is a relatively small portion of total energy supply both globally and in the United States. The installed global renewable energy capacity has more than quadrupled between 2000 and 2010.  Including hydropower, renewable energy sources represent nearly 12% of total installed capacity and more than 10% of total generation in the United States in 2010. Installed renewable energy capacity (including hydropower) is more than 137 gigawatts (GW). Not including hydropower, 2010 renewable electricity installed capacity has reached about 59 GW in the United States.  In 2010 in the United States, wind and solar photovoltaic’s (PV) were two of the fastest growing generation technologies. In 2010, cumulative wind capacity increased by 15% and cumulative solar PV capacity grew 71% from the previous year.  Worldwide, wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy technologies— between 2000 and 2010, wind energy generation worldwide increased by a factor of 11. The United States experienced even more dramatic growth, as installed wind energy capacity increased by a factor of nearly 16 between 2000 and 2010.  In the United States, renewable energy has been capturing a growing percentage of new capacity additions during the past few years. In 2010, renewable energy accounted for more than 25% of all new electrical capacity installations in the United States—a large change from 2004 when all renewable energy captured only 2% of new capacity additions.

5 "ENERGY INDUSTRIES:Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (Solar, Wind, Bio-Mass, Geothermal, Hydro, Ocean." FY 2010 Industry Assessment. U.S Department of Energy, 2009. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. .

 Since 2006, the United States has been the world’s leading ethanol producer. Between 2000 and 2010, production of corn ethanol increased by a factor of 8. Use of ethanol in the United States has also grown substantially, and it accounts for 9.4% of all gasoline and gasoline blends consumed, up from 1% in 2000. Source: 2010 Renewable Energy Data Book6

Global View The following information were key notes acquired from the ‘2010 Renewable Data Book’, provided from the U.S Department of Energy7:

• Global renewable electricity installations (excluding hydropower) have more than quadrupled from 2000–2010. • Including hydropower, renewable energy accounts for 21% of all global electricity generation; without hydropower, renewable energy accounts for 3.8% of global generation. • Wind and solar energy are the fastest growing renewable energy technologies worldwide. Wind grew by a factor of 11 and solar PV generation grew by a factor of more than 28 between 2000 and 2010. • In 2010, Germany led the world in cumulative solar PV installed capacity. The United States leads the world in geothermal and biomass installed capacity. China leads in wind, and Spain leads in Concentrating Solar Power(CSP).

6 "2010 Renewable Energy Data Book." U.S Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. U.S Department of Energy, 2010. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. . 7 "2010 Renewable Energy Data Book." U.S Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. U.S Department of Energy, 2010. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. .

Export Opportunities for U.S Renewable Energy Firms

Throughout the research in Renewable Energy, there were a few sub categories, such as: solar heating, PV, wind energy, hydro power, and geothermal. The following chart depicts the ranking for the top ten countries in the total market size of U.S exports to these countries for 2011.

Top 10 Countries for U.S. Renewable Energy Products and Services In USD: thousands Market Size Total 11' 2011 - 2009 % growth 2011-2006 % growth #1 Canada $3,168,630,342 43% 21% #2 Mexico $1,798,422,274 36% 46% #3 China $767,835,708 -1% 40% #4 S.Korea $555,616,795 26% 48% #5 Australia $392,885,616 41% 62% #6 Japan $382,346,721 17% 11% #7 Brazil $366,959,398 31% 55% #8 UK $349,911,058 21% -9% #9 Singapore $238,730,765 -37% -1% #10 Germany $283,679,861 17% 20%

#1 Canada

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 Canada is a world leader in the production and use of energy from renewable resources. Renewable energy sources in Canada are derived from sun, wind, moving water, earth and biomass, and marine energy extraction. Grid integration of renewable energy is a driver for a major infrastructure modernization project known as “smart grid”  Wind energy is poised to experience the highest growth within the Canadian Renewable Energy sector. In 2009, wind energy industry witnessed a record growth of 950 MW of new wind turbine installations representing USD$ 2.2 billion in investment. New wind generating capacity is estimated at 55,000 MW by 2025, and is expected to meet 20 percent of Canada’s electricity demand by 2025.  15 percent of Canada’s existing mixed power-generation facilities are scheduled to be replaced by 2025.  The following chart depicts U. S export sales in these subcategories. Products by Categories: Canada 2001 Canada 2011 In USD: Thousands SOLAR: Solar Energy $434,986,332 $770,027,542 PV Generator $518,489,468 $529,434,631 WIND Wind Energy $394,886,538 $155,502,798 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $11,451,722 $943,637,829 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $434,986,332 $770,027,542 Market Sales Sum $1,794,800,392 $3,168,630,342 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 Wind turbines, tower sections, rotor blades, casting and forgings and transformers  Gears and generators  Hydro energy turbines and equipment  Engineering, construction and logistics service A few upcoming projects that may provide opportunities for exporting companies are:

 EcoENERGY Initiative – federal government support of Cartier Wind Energy Inc. wind farms in Quebec

 Gros-Morne Phase II (111 MW) – Construction to be completed Dec. 1, 2012.  Gros-Morne Power Grid Integration —Necessitates completion of a 106.1 km 230-kV power line for integration into Hydro-Québec’s power grid. Construction will take place from winter to summer 2011.  Rivière-du-Moulin Phase I & II (350 MW) – Construction from spring 2013 to Dec. 1, 2015  Rivière-du-Moulin Power Grid Integration —Necessitates completion of a 25 km 345-kV power line for integration into Hydro-Québec’s power grid. Construction will take place from winter to summer 2014.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 For many companies (particularly in the manufacturing and construction sectors), frequent visits and establishing a local presence will be crucial to long-term market success. For many U.S. companies, joining in a U.S. delegation to a Canadian trade show can be the best first step.  For U.S. companies with limited budgets and marketing staff, we recommend: o a pilot program called Client Finder which uses advanced database tools to help identify potential Canadian clients and partners, and working with the Commercial Service to seek potential sales to Canadian government entities.  U.S. companies new to the Canadian market should contact a CS Canada Commercial Service Officer to obtain information about resources and value added assistance.  Canada and the U. S have a NAFTA-North American Trade Agreement, an agreement which facilitates the trade of products.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

#2 Mexico

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Energy production and infrastructure will continue to be a priority for Mexico’s federal government during the period 2011-2012. State-owned energy companies, Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), and the Commission Federal de Electricidad (CFE), have been granted a 2011 budget of USD 23 billion for new energy infrastructure and the maintenance of existing power plants, refineries, oil and gas pipelines, etc.

 Mexican Energy Market has been slow to new renewable energy technologies, but the government and private sector are urging for a National Energy Plan.

According to the Secretary of Energy (SENER), PEMEX and CFE will continue modernizing present infrastructure and are urging the private sector to bid on new energy and renewable energy projects. The following chart depicts U. S export sales in these subcategories.

Products by Categories: Mexico 2001 Mexico 2011 In USD: Thousands SOLAR: Solar Energy $164,325,559 $233,460,809 PV Generator $275,580,752 $618,555,551 WIND Wind Energy $103,451,981 $577,473,002 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $1,714,454B $135,472,103 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $164,325,559 $233,460,809 Market Sales Sum $709,398,305 $1,798,422,274 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes

Renewable Energy Market

The demand for imported renewable energy-related equipment and services will increase by approximately 4 percent in 2012 and 2013, while U.S. exports to Mexico will grow by the same amount in the same years. The only exception is wind power, which is the fastest growing renewable energy in Mexico at an estimated 35% growth in 2012 and 2013. Mexico grew from 3 MW of installed wind power capacity in 2005 to 1,108 MW in place by April 2012 and experts have defined a potential of at least 12,000 MW, which would reach 15% of the total energy generation by 2020.

Renewable Energy Market

2010 2011** 2012 2013 (estimated) (estimated) Total Market Size 2,101.2 2,166.5 2,512.8 2,966.0 Total Local Production 317.8 325.7 334.4 343.3 Total Exports 318.6 328.9 339.5 350.4 Total Imports 2,102.0 2,169.7 2,517.9 2,973.1 Imports from the U.S. 865.7 901.4 1,050.7 1,240.8 Figures Listed in USD Millions

Wind Energy Market

2010 2011** 2012 2013 (estimated) (estimated) Total Market Size 824.0 848.1 1,147.2 1,551.5 Total Local Production 110.0 112.7 116.0 119.5 Total Exports 120.0 123.6 128.5 133.6 Total Imports 834.0 859.0 1,159.7 1,565.6 Imports from the U.S. 341.3 354.9 479.1 646.8 Figures Listed in USD Millions

Solar Energy Market

2010 2011** 2012 2013 (estimated) (estimated) Total Market Size 737.2 758.5 784.3 811.0 Total Local Production 82.2 83.8 85.5 87.2 Total Exports 97.0 99.9 102.9 106.0 Total Imports 752.0 774.6 801.7 829.8 Imports from the U.S. 258.2 266.5 277.2 288.3 Figures Listed in USD Millions

Hydro Energy Market (Figures Listed in USD Millions)

2010 2011** 2012 2013 (estimated) (estimated) Total Market Size 260.8 272.8 283.6 294.8 Total Local Production 73.6 75.8 78.1 80.4 Total Exports 41.9 43.6 44.7 45.8 Total Imports 229.1 240.6 250.2 260.2 Imports from the U.S. 118.0 129.9 135.1 140.5

Geothermal Energy Market

2010 2011** 2012 2013 (estimated) (estimated) Total Market Size 185.5 190.5 197.3 204.3 Total Local Production 41.2 42.2 43.3 44.4 Total Exports 49.9 51.7 53.0 54.3 Total Imports 194.2 200.0 207.0 214.2 Imports from the U.S. 100.9 104.0 107.6 111.4 Figures Listed in USD Millions

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 The industry’s growth has been driven primarily by government targets for renewable energy and the availability of a world-class wind resource in southern Mexico and coastal states, particularly those close to the border with the United States, which matches California’s demand for extra energy. Mexico is modernizing at a fast pace and this is the right time to participate in this explosive growth. Additional efforts on sustainability include the governments of Mexico and the United States signing a Memorandum of Understanding in January 2012, outlining a program of technical collaboration to develop and expand Mexico’s Low Emissions Development Strategy with funding of $70M for the following five years.  Energy sub-sectors: Oil and Gas (OGM), Electric Power Systems (ELP), and Renewable Energy Equipment and Services continue to grow and represent opportunities for US exporters.  PEMEX already relies heavily on imported products and services and is expected to spend heavily in developing deepwater reserves as well as advanced extraction of maturing on shore fields. Also, natural gas capture at well heads is an opportunity for U.S. companies.  The Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE) will continue in 2011 to play a major role by granting new permits for renewable energy projects, particularly wind. SENER ‘s objective is to produce 3.600 MW of renewable energy by December 2013.

This would be comprised of: 1.Geothermal 490 mW 2.Wind 1,125 mW 3. Biomass 495 mW 4. Minihydraulic 1,120 mW 5. Solar (PV) 370 mW

 A number of major projects will drive investment in the sector and offer opportunities to US companies either as contractors, sub-contractors, or suppliers of equipment/technology. During the first months of 2012, 650 MW of new capacity will be launched with projects such as La Venta III & Oaxaca I, II, III & IV. Afterwards, the next planned renewable power projects are:

Project / Capacity Technology Timing Cerro Prieto (5 MW) Solar Q3 2012 Sureste I (300 MW) Wind 2012 Sureste II (300 MW) Wind 2013 Sureste III (300 MW) Wind 2015 Sureste IV (300 MW) Wind 2016 Rumorosa I (100 MW) Wind 2014 Rumorosa II (100 MW) Wind 2014 Rumorosa III (100 MW) Wind 2015

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 To do business in Mexico it is key to develop and maintain close relationships with clients and partners. Mexicans prefer direct communication such as telephone calls or face-to-face meetings. However, e-mail is widely used.  Mexican companies are extremely price conscious, seek financing options, tend to desire exclusive agreements, and value outstanding service and flexibility.  U.S. firms wishing to export to Mexico will find a variety of market entry strategies. Many factors help determine the best strategy, such as the product/service, logistics & customs, distribution, marketing, direct or indirect sales, exporting experience, and language proficiency, among others.  Mexico and the U. S have a NAFTA-North American Trade Agreement, an agreement which facilitates the trade of products.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

#3 China

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Although China still relies on coal to produce more than two-thirds of its energy, it continues to rapidly increase renewable energy sources. China is now the world’s largest producer of hydropower and in 2010 overtook the United States as the world leader in installed wind capacity. China is also the world’s leading manufacturer of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells, but its domestic market remains immature. Renewable sources produce approximately 10% of China’s energy, and the Chinese government expects to boost that share to at least 15% by 2020. The following chart depicts U. S export sales in these subcategories.

Products by Categories: China 2001 China 2011 In USD: Thousands SOLAR: Solar Heating $73,608,292 $227,688,086 PV Generator $24,821,698 $151,431,373 WIND Wind Energy $57,336,659 $36,248,385 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $4,215,964 $124,779,778 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $73,608,292 $227,688,086 Market Sales Sum $233,590,905 $767,835,708 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes.

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Solar:

China has large solar resources and is the world’s leading manufacturer of solar PV and solar water heaters. China-manufactured PV accounted for nearly 50% of global supply in 2010, and China now produces over 70% of the world’s solar water heaters. However, 95% of its solar panels are exported to countries with more favorable incentives. China has established a solar energy target of 20 GW of installed PV capacity by 2020.

The government has used the concession process for utility-scale PV projects to help it set a price it deems appropriate for solar energy. In 2009, China issued its first tender for two 10 MW utility-scale solar power plants in Dunhuang, Gansu province. In 2010, the Chinese

government initiated a second round of concession bids for 13 large-scale PV projects for a total of 280 MW. The projects are located in six western provinces: Shaanxi, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Xinjiang.

Wind:

China has the largest wind resources in the world, with three-quarters offshore. According to the China Wind Energy Association, China’s wind power capacity grew by more than 100% for 4 consecutive years from 2006. In 2010, wind power installation capacity reached 30 GW, and China overtook the United States to become the world’s largest wind power market. China aims to have 150 GW of wind power capacity by 2020.

China has over 80 wind turbine manufacturers and 70 blade manufacturers. In 2009, three Chinese firms ranked among the top ten globally: Sinovel (No. 3), Goldwind (No.5) and Dongfang (No. 7). From 2008 to 2009, Chinese firms began to export turbines and components abroad. China’s Central government recently issued offshore wind regulations, with a target of 30 GW installed capacity planned for 2020; however, many uncertainties remain about the viability of offshore wind in China.

Although China is already the world’s largest supplier of photovoltaic cells, it exports approximately 90% of production with the domestic market still undeveloped. Utility-scale solar is being explored in remote western regions with plentiful land and solar resources. China’s low- carbon development zones and eco-cities present significant opportunities. Crystalline silicon is favored in China due to the local manufacturing base, but there is growing interest in thin-film technology. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is new in China, but a niche market may open up in western regions. Chinese inverters and control boxes are less advanced and of lower quality than foreign-made components, presenting opportunities for U.S. companies.

Cutting-edge and high-quality technologies that drive down operating costs, improve wind farm efficiency, or support and enhance connectivity to the grid will play an important role in the growth of the wind industry. Opportunities also exist for companies that can help China more accurately assess wind resources. Materials technology, reliable high- performance controllers, and bearings are in critical need by Chinese manufacturers. Specialized coating products, particularly for offshore projects, could also present opportunities.

According to the China Greentech Initiative, primarily due to Chinese government policy objectives, the offshore wind sector should experience strong growth in the coming years. Companies with offshore experience will find most opportunities in areas where there is limited or no domestic competition. This would include such things as bearings, composites, installation expertise, undersea cables, offshore electronics, foundations, generators, controls systems, and converters. Sinovel, for

example, sources 20% of its 3- MW offshore turbine components from foreign vendors.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 Two of the primary objectives of U.S. policy with regard to China are (a) creating jobs and growing the American economy by increasing exports, and (b) ensuring our companies‘ ability to compete on a level playing field. A company should visit China in order to gain a better perspective and understanding of its potential as a market.  Chinese company representatives respect ―face-to-face meetings, which can demonstrate a U.S. company‘s commitment to working in China. Prospective exporters should note that China has many different regions and that each province has unique economic and social characteristics.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

U.S. companies commonly use agents in China to initially create these relationships. Localized agents possess the knowledge and contacts to better promote U.S. products and break down institutional, language, and cultural barriers.

#4 South Korea

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

. Korea is the world’s 10th largest energy consumer, with virtually no domestic traditional energy sources of its own. . The country imports 97 percent of its energy resources, and is currently the 6th largest oil importer in the world. . The Republic of Korea Government (ROKG) has launched a bewildering array of plans and initiatives to promote the domestic development and use of new and renewable energies (NRE), to reduce the dependency on foreign fossil fuels. . The Korean power industry continues to seek imports of related advanced technologies, providing good business opportunities for US companies with innovative technologies. . The following chart depicts U. S export sales in these subcategories.

Products by Categories: S.Korea 2001 S.Korea 2011 In USD: Thousands SOLAR: Solar Energy $53,732,376 $190,456,903 PV Generator $7,992,768 $28,983,512 WIND Wind Energy $22,595,659 $47,384,355 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $190,590 $98,335,122 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $53,732,376 $190,456,903 Market Sales Sum $138,243,769 $555,616,795 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes.

. The highlight of ROKG’s policy initiatives towards NRE is Korea’s new National Energy Plan announced in August 2008. Dubbed the “Low Carbon, Green Growth Plan,” it is Korea’s first long-term energy plan proposed to serve as the governing policy for energy generation and use for coming 20 years. . The Plan developed by ROKG will increase the ratio of NRE generation from 2.4 percent to 11 percent by 2030. Specifically:

1) Solar power will grow from 80 MW to 3,504 MW (44 times) 2) Wind energy will grow from 199 MW to 7,301 MW (37 times)

3) Bio energy from 1,874 KGcal to 36,487 KGcal (19 times) 4) And geothermal energy from 110 KGcal to 5,606 KGcal (51 times).

ROKG’s primary policy driver had been its much lauded feed-in-tariff (FIT)8, but due to escalating costs, the Government is shifting to Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) that is scheduled to be in full effect starting 2012. ROKG’s principal policy drivers are:

1) Providing financial incentives such as subsidiaries, low interest loans, tax reduction/exemption, and feed-in-tariffs to power generation companies using NRE

2) Mandating power utility companies generate a certain portion of their power generation from NRE, known as Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS).

The following chart depicts the market for renewable energy in South Korea for the estimated years of 2010-2012.

Figures in 2010 2011(estimated) 2012(estimated) USD Millions Total Market Size 4,570,964 6,620,054 8,671,220 Total Local Production 7,766,964 12,812,054 17,857,143 Total Imports 1,404,000 1,458,000 1,514,077 Exchange Rate: 1 USD 1,120 1,120 1,120 Sources: Total Local Production: Korea Energy Management Corporation (KEMCO);Total Exports: Ministry of Knowledge Economy; Total Imports: Ministry of Knowledge Economy; Imports from U.S.: NA. Note: The above statistics are unofficial estimates by Commercial Service Korea based on information provided by the data sources. For reporting purposes, a conversion rate of KW 1,120 to USD 1 is used.

Best Prospects& Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 Photovoltaic power- Next-generation solar cells including thin-film modules and roof- top systems are expected to generate substantial demand in the future.  Wind power - With ocean on three sides, Korea’s focus on wind-power is rapidly shifting from ground applications to offshore applications.

8Defined by investopedia as an alternative method of investment in renewable energy, it is an environment policy that promotes investment in renewable energy. It usually contains long-term agreements, guaranteed pricing, and allowing diversity to the energy technologies.

 Fuel cells - Korea is home to some of the world’s largest hydrogen & fuel cell power plants. This industry is forecast to grow to be one of the most rapidly growing NRE sectors in the future.  Marine energy - Korea has an abundant access to marine energy and is aggressively emphasizing such development through on-going R&D projects and pilot construction projects.  Integrated gasification and combined cycle (IGCC) – Because of the high efficiency and environmentally friendly feature of this technology, Korea has plans to adopt it for new coal-fired plants including the one with a capacity of 300 MW which is planned to be completed by 2012 by Korea Western Power Company.

Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), the state-run power company, is the primary end-user of NRE products and services. It supplies more than 90 percent of Korea’s entire electricity needs from its six generating subsidiaries (Gencos) that include 5 fossil fuel- fired companies and one nuclear company. Required by ROKG’s policy initiatives towards NRE, the Gencos have diversified their energy sources, and are now generating a certain amount of electricity from low-carbon methods. They will need to continue to shift the power source to NRE as RPS will be fully in effect starting 2012.

The six Gencos include:

 Korea Hydro and Nuclear Company (KHNP): http://www.khnp.co.kr/index_en.jsp  Korea South-East Power Company, Ltd. (KOSEP): www.kosep.co.kr  Korea Midland Power Company, Ltd. (KOMIPO): http://www.komipo.co.kr/  Korea Western Power Company, Ltd. (KOWEPO): http://www.westernpower.co.kr  Korea Southern Power Company, Ltd. (KOSPO): http://www.kospo.co.kr  Korea East-West Power Company, Ltd. (KEWESPO): http://www.kewp.com

Under the current supply chain, engineering & construction companies (E&C) who if provide turn-key construction service usually are the buyers of most NRE technologies and parts.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

To compete in South Korea companies are recommended to have a capable local distributor, licensee or franchise partner who has an established network in the market and extensive market knowledge. A long-term perspective and a reliable partnership between a U.S supplier and it’s local partner is one of the key factors in achieving success.

 Singapore and the U. S have a FTA-Free Trade Agreement, an agreement which facilitates the trade of products internationally.

 For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

#5 Australia

Green Consciousness Overview

This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Power generation is a large sector in Australia with approximately US$90 billion invested in generation, transmission, and distribution assets. Australia’s renewable energy production is driven by hydroelectricity (6.4%) and wind (2.1%). Biomass, biogas, and solar account for about one percent of electricity generation. Most solar energy is used for residential water heating and accounts for 1.5 % of residential energy consumption. The following chart depicts U. S export sales in these subcategories.

Products by Categories: Australia 2001 Australia 2011 In USD: Thousands SOLAR: Solar Energy $38,620,380 $81,532,114 PV Generator $6,460,052 $22,338,449 WIND Wind Energy $8,652,106 $50,671,524 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $546,657 $156,811,415 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $38,620,380 $81,532,114 Market Sales Sum $92,899,575 $392,885,616 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes.

A key barrier to development of Australia’s renewable energy industry has been the low cost of non-renewable energy such as coal or gas-fired generation. By 2015, the carbon pricing scheme will transition to an emissions trading scheme with the price of permits set by the market. The Australian government has set a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by five percent of 2000 levels by 2050. Also, they committed to a target that 20% of Australia’s electricity supply will come from renewable energy sources by 2020.

Wind powered energy is the one of the most rapidly growing areas of renewable energy in Australia. Bio-fuels are another area of growth and a number of groups are working on several initiatives including large-scale bio-diesel and ethanol manufacturing. U.S companies are making inroads into this area. The country’s location is ideally suited for solar power, making Australia a world leader in photovoltaic technology (PV).

The following chart shows the: total market size, total local production, total exports, and imports from the U.S for renewable energy in Australia.

2011 2012 2013 (e) Total Market Size 118750 12230 125743 Total Local Production 28100 29000 29580 Total Exports 3050 3200 3232 Imports From the U.S. 14050 14500 14790 Data Sources: Total Local Production, Exports, and Imports from U.S: Industry estimates Figures in unit of USD thousands

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Suppliers to solar cell manufacturers:  Solar energy equipment, particularly for isolated communities  Small-scale (<200kW) to large-scale (>2MW) wind turbines  Energy storage technology for low temperature sources  Biomass generating technology

Current Renewable projects:

Project Project Name Company Value US$ Type Wind Musselroe Roaring 40s 425 million Wind Waterloo Stage 1 Roaring 40s 300 million Wind Hallet 4 (North Brown Hill) Energy Infrastructure 341 million Investments Hydro Bogong Power Development AGL 240 million Wind Oaklands Wind Farm AGL/ Windlab Systems 200 million

Getting into the market

 Successful market entry strategies for Australia have three common elements: understanding the market, selecting the optimal partner, and providing ongoing support to that partner in the market  Success often requires establishing a local sales presence, many American exporter this means appointing an agent or distributor. American companies should visit Australia both to meet prospective partners and demonstrate ongoing support, as this is the common practice of their competitors.

 Australia and the U.S have a FTA-Free Trade Agreement, an agreement which facilitates the trade of products internationally.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

#6 Japan

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

It has never been easier to do business in Japan. An active engagement with the Japanese market remains critical to the success of American business, both big and small alike, as well as to U.S. states seeking trade and investment with Japan. Japan is the world‘s third largest economy, after the U.S. and China, with a GDP of roughly US$ 5.391 trillion. Japan is the fourth largest export market for U.S. goods, and our fourth largest trading partner overall with over $205 billion in two-way goods trade. The United States has a large services trade with Japan, totaling $72.6 billion in two-way trade. The following chart depicts U.S export sales in these subcategories.

Products by Categories: Japan 2001 Japan 2011 In USD: Thousands SOLAR: Solar Energy $113,013,397 $146,808,151 PV Generator $16,169,935 $44,311,780 WIND Wind Energy $10,782,742 $44,032,150 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $959,309 $386,489 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $113,013,397 $146,808,151 Market Sales Sum $253,938,780 $382,346,721 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes.

Renewable energy technologies, particularly photovoltaic solar power generation, are expected to be a high growth industry in Japan over the next several years. Japan‘s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) has set a target to attain 28,000,000 kW of solar power generation by 2020 (a 20-fold increase over 2005 levels) and 53,000,000 kW by 2030.

METI‘s 2010 Energy White Paper estimates that the market volume of the photovoltaic solar power industry was approximately $4.8 billion in FY 2008 but would grow to $17.1 billion by 2020. Japan‘s demand for equipment such as solar cells, modules and related products such inverters, as well as services such as installation, will grow significantly.

The Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA), forecasts that 2011 domestic shipments will grow to 1.15 GW (non-residential 0.25GW, residential 0.9GW). The Government of Japan (GOJ) continues to provide subsidies to homeowners who install solar panels, and it is now commonplace to see advertisements promoting PV systems on television, and on train

station and road-side billboards in Japan. Furthermore, in November 2009, the GOJ introduced a Feed-in Tariff (FiT) at the rate of 48 Yen ($0.55)/kWh. Unlike European FiTs, only surplus power generated receives the FiT. So far, solar power is the only electric source to which the GOJ grants FiT. The buy-back period is set at 10 years. Given all of the developments noted above, the PV market in Japan is expected to grow.

The following chart depicts the total market size in Japan for Renewable Energy in 2010 & estimated 2011.

Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation (Generation Capacity) Unit: Kilowatts

2010* 2011 (estimated) Total Market Size 935,882 1,150,000 Total Local 2,320,638 2,668,734 Production Total Imports 135,456 229.510 Unit: kilowatt

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Until very recently the solar market in Japan was dominated by small-sized solar panels (typical output of 3.3 kW) installed on rooftops of residential homes. However, since 2010, Japan has entered into an era of large-scale photovoltaic power generation facilities (mega solar). For example, Japanese electric utility companies alone have plans for solar power plants of approximately 140,000 kW of mega solar power in 30 locations across the country by 2020. These developments create opportunities for U.S. firms offering high-quality products or technologies for the PV market.

As Japanese power companies promote smart grid technology, demand is expected to grow for technologies that can stabilize the distribution network when a large amount of solar electricity is introduced into the grid. For example, the GOJ and Japanese industry are studying how to install storage batteries in order to store excess electricity, or to limit power output from solar panels when the supply from solar power generation is in excess of demand. These developments, too, will create opportunities for U.S. firms offering innovative and problem- solving technologies.

The Japanese solar power industry encompasses a vast array of sectors in which a number of businesses are engaged, including manufacturers and suppliers of: silicon and other materials; raw materials for cells and modules; motherboards; machines that make solar cells; solar cell manufacturers (branded and OEM) themselves; related appliances such as junction boxes, inverters, power conditioning subsystems, utility interactive protection units, batteries, etc.;

related electrical appliances and parts for servicing all of the aforementioned machines; building product manufacturers that make PV modules and frames that are integrated into building products; homebuilders, general contractors, and engineering companies that integrate all of the parts to sell as systems; heavy electric machinery manufacturers; and power supply manufacturers.

The industry also includes system installers who put solar panels onto homes, offices, public and commercial facilities. End users include individual consumers, companies, local and central governments, Independent Power Producers (IPP), and electric power utilities.

All of these elements of Japan‘s solar power industry represent opportunity for American firms offering innovative, high-quality products and services.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from a government website: export.gov

 U.S. companies wishing to enter the Japanese market should consider hiring a reputable, well-connected agent or distributor, and cultivating business contacts through frequent personal visits. Japan‘s business culture attaches a high degree of importance to personal relationships, and these take time to establish and nurture.  The customs and pace of deal-making in Japan are quite different from the United States. U.S. business executives are advised to retain a professional interpreter, as many Japanese executives and decision-makers do not speak English, or prefer to speak Japanese.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

#7 Brazil

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from a government website: export.gov

Including emissions from deforestation, Brazil is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases. As part of its domestic commitments on climate change incorporated into legislation in 2010, Brazil inscribed a target of reducing emissions by 36.1%-38.9% below business as usual by 2020. This commitment includes further reductions in deforestation rates as well as advances on renewable energy and energy efficiency. Brazil also created a National Climate Change Fund, the country’s primary means for financing national climate change policies.

Figures from 2010 demonstrated that Brazil had reduced the rate of Amazon deforestation by more than 70%, its lowest rate of deforestation in over 20 years. Government officials predict that, at the current pace, Brazil’s goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 36.1%-38.9% could be reached by 2016 rather than 2020. In December 2010, the Brazilian Government delegation played an important role in developing a characterization of country commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, the central outcome of the conference. The following chart depicts U. S export sales in these subcategories.

Products by Categories: Brazil 2001 Brazil 2011 In USD: thousands SOLAR: Solar Energy $49,166,293 $100,713,381 PV Generator $15,120,223 $47,759,118 WIND Wind Energy $343,218,532 $146,421,898 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $447,214 $1,598,798 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $49,166,293 $70,466,203 Market Sales Sum $457,118,555 $366,959,398 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes.

Brazil is a regional leader in science and technology and a global leader in fields such as biofuels, agricultural research, deep-sea oil production, and remote sensing. The Brazilian Government seeks to develop an environment that is more supportive of innovation, taking scientific advances from the laboratory to the marketplace in order to promote economic growth. With the vast majority of the population living in urban areas, Brazil faces serious environmental obstacles in providing potable water to its citizens and removing and treating their

waste water. U.S. Government, private sector, and academic researchers have extensive ties with Brazilian counterparts. Areas in which there is close cooperation include biofuels, medical research, remote sensing, and agriculture. The extent of bilateral scientific and technological cooperation is expanding and prospective areas in which to expand include advanced materials, telecommunications, energy transmission, and energy efficiency.

Solar energy:  Photovoltaic technology (PV) is a competitive alternative to grid extension but is limited to remote areas of the country and to applications that promote social interests such as electricity supply to schools, hospitals, water pumping systems, and other uses.  Currently, Brazil's National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) data shows only three small PV plants in operation (3, 12 and 20 kW), with a fourth one being constructed by MPX Energia, which is authorized to generate 5 MW. National oil company Petrobras is also evaluating one new pilot PV project not to exceed 30 MW.  On the other hand, the use of solar water heaters in Brazil has increased rapidly in the past few years, with nearly 150 Brazilian manufacturers producing these products for residences, hotels, hospitals, and swimming pools.

Wind:

 The Brazilian government envisions wind power playing a greater role, about 3.6 percent, in Brazil’s power matrix by 2019. Brazil's National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) held two wind power auctions in 2009 and 2010, where 3,850 megawatts (MW) were contracted with energy from 141 wind power plants scheduled to be delivered by 2013.  Brazil currently has 48 operating wind power plants, nineteen under construction, and another 84 pending construction.  The estimated 2011 market for Brazil’s power generation, transmission, and distribution (GTD) equipment market is projected to be US$7.1 billion of which US$545 million is projected to be imported with about US$ 70 million of that import total coming from the United States.

Based on the chart below, the market sizes in this table are likely to be underestimated due to the lack of sufficient data.

In USD $ Million 2010 2011(estimated) Total Market Size $5,828 $7,095 Total Local $ 6,050 $ 7,200 Production Total Exports $ 740 $ 650 Total Imports $ 518 $ 545 Imports from the U.S. $ 66 $ 70

These market estimates do not include GTD services. The figures noted in the table above are partially based on the Brazilian Electrical and Electronics Industry Association’s (ABINEE) statistics. Note that other power related trade associations do not release their local industry production figures. Likewise, the power associations do not publish their members’ consolidated equipment imports.

 ABINEE’s studies forecast a 19 percent growth in the GTD segment in 2011 as a result of the “Light for All” rural electrification program and expected equipment orders following the recent power generation and transmission power auctions.  The participation of foreign equipment suppliers has increased over the past year and is projected to remain steady over the next years, if the Brazilian Real currency remains strong in relationship to the U.S. dollar.  EPE’s 2010-2019 Power Expansion Plan calls for investments of US$99 billion to bring an additional 63,482 MW of power generation capacity into Brazil’s power grid.  From 2010 to 2014, Eletrobras and its subsidiaries plan to invest approximately US$25.4 billion. This amount includes investment by its private sector partners as well as Eletrobras itself.  Between 2009 and 2019, the amount of power transmission lines (PTL) will grow from 95,582 km to 132,379 km, a 38 percent increase, representing investments of approximately US$22 billion.  The construction of the world’s largest high voltage direct current PTL to connect the Madeira River hydro-power plants to southeastern states of Brazil will begin in 2011.  Public-private partnerships are expected to be the best means of market access for new- to-market U.S. companies interested in future power transmission auctions.  From 2011 to 2014, the program is expected to connect an additional 495,000 Brazilian homes to electric power. Besides this “Light for All” program, power distributors will continue to invest in power distribution system upgrades and more efficient operational and management systems to make their companies more competitive, and to meet more stringent regulations concerning client satisfaction and client servicing.

Best Prospect & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

In the power generation subsector, solar energy equipment can also offer longer-term opportunities in Brazil, including liquid pumps for photovoltaic (PV) generation, air cooling systems, photovoltaic panels, solar inverters and batteries, as well as their parts.

Best equipment sales prospects for the power transmission subsector include: . compact sub-stations . SF6 . gas insulation transformers . glass and polymer insulators for 600 kV bipolar DC transmission lines . electrical switches to open circuits . circuit breakers . capacitor banks

. relays . electrical protection panels. The power distribution subsector offers equipment sales potential for lightning arresters, ground and surge protection systems, relays, insulated electric conductors, surge suppressors, and innovative technologies to reduce technical and commercial losses, including smart grid technologies.

Over the longer term, industry sources predict that Brazil will need to invest about US$15 billion to implement a smart grid network to increase Brazil’s interconnected power grid’s efficiency and reliability (e.g. to reduce power black-outs).

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 Brazil’s business culture is largely based upon personal relationships. Companies will need a strong presence and must invest time in developing relationships in Brazil. The U.S. Commercial Service encourages U.S. companies to visit Brazil to meet one-on-one with potential partners. One of the best ways to enter the Brazilian market is by attending a local trade show or using the U.S. Commercial Service’s Gold Key Service (GKS).  U.S. companies have found it essential to work through a qualified agent or distributor when entering the Brazilian market. It is extremely difficult for U.S. companies to get involved in public sector procurement without a local Brazilian partner.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

#8 United Kingdom

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

The United Kingdom has the seventh-largest economy in the world, has the second- largest economy in the European Union, and is a major international trading power. A highly developed, diversified, market-based economy with extensive social welfare services provides most residents with a high standard of living.

In response to the financial crisis, the British Government implemented a wide-ranging stability and recovery plan that included a fiscal stimulus package, bank recapitalization, and credit stimulus schemes. Extraordinary monetary policy measures, including very low interest rates (0.5%) and a quantitative easing program, remain in place. However, the Conservative- Liberal Democrat coalition government that took power in May 2010 has initiated a 5-year austerity program, which aims to lower the U.K.’s budget deficit from over 11% of GDP in 2010 to near 1% by 2015. The following chart depicts U. S export sales in these subcategories.

Products by Categories: UK 2001 UK 2011 In USD: Thousands SOLAR: Solar Heating $118,605,406 $117,029,898 PV Generator $26,955,509 $27,320,224 WIND Wind Energy $77,381,785 $25,764,600 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $3,276,385 $62,766,438 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $118,605,406 $117,029,898 Market Sales Sum $344,824,491 $349,911,058 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes.

As one of the leading markets for US exports, the UK offers many opportunities for US companies to enter this broad and innovative market. The UK government's main 'green' focus is on climate change, and it is seeking to lead the world in cutting emissions of greenhouse gases. The UK established aggressive targets to cut CO2 emissions by at least 34 percent by 2020 and 80 percent by 2050 (compared to 1990 levels).

In March 2011, the UK government launched a comprehensive Carbon Plan, with actions and deadlines, to combat climate change and build a green economy; with implications for and

participation required by all government departments. The UK's determination to become a low carbon economy creates many opportunities for innovative US companies to supply 'green' solutions – products and services – that will help the UK reduce carbon emissions, generate renewable energy, and improve energy efficiency.

The chart below demonstrates the “green” market size for 2010, 2011, and estimated 2012.

2010 2011 2012 2013 (estimated) (estimated) Total Market 80,545,000 84,625,000 90,074,000 92,220,000 Size Total Local 84,179,000 88,568,000 94,349,000 96,884,000 Production Total Exports 8,581,000 9,046,000 9,712,000 10,280,000 Total Imports 4,947,000 5,103,000 5,437,000 5,616,000 Imports from 63,000 65,000 67,000 70,000 the U.S. Exchange £0.6 £0.6 £0.6 £0.6 Rate: 1 USD Figures listed in USD thousands

 In 2011, the market for low carbon energy products and services was estimated to be worth nearly $85 billion. The market for wind products and services were worth over $25 billion; biomass, more than $10 billion; and solar photovoltaic, $8 billion.  The UK's determination to become a low carbon economy creates many opportunities for innovative U.S. companies to supply 'green' solutions - products and services - that will help the UK develop sustainable, secure, renewable energy sources. Some $180 billion will need to be invested over the next 10 years to replace existing fossil fuel power plants and to upgrade the grid - that is twice the rate of investment of the last decade.

All segments of the market are expected to grow by 5 to 7% per year for the next few years. This growth will be fuelled by the construction of very large offshore wind farms, the development of dedicated biomass-fired power stations and more widespread uptake of small scale PV installations subsidized by the UK’s Feed-in-Tariff (FIT). Which is defined by as alternative method of investment in renewable energy, it is an environment policy that promotes investment in renewable energy9. It usually contains long-term agreements, guaranteed pricing, and allowing diversity to the energy technologies.

9 http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/feed-in-tariff.asp#axzz1viW7exqy

One thousand companies are actively involved in the renewable energy industry in the UK. Partnerships between UK and overseas organizations are increasingly viewed as an important means of fast-tracking the introduction of additional renewable energy projects into the UK. The government provides generous subsidies for large scale renewable energy projects through its renewable obligation certificate (ROC) scheme and for small projects (less than 5 MW) through the FIT. To be eligible for the FIT, products must be approved under the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) and be installed by MCS-approved installers.

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 Wind: The UK has more than 50% of Europe’s wind resource and the development of nine large offshore wind farms will stimulate demand for large, maximized turbines and associated equipment.  Biomass: Several companies, including new entrants to the electricity generating business, have announced plans to build new biomass-fuelled plants that benefit from attractive government subsidies.  Solar (photovoltaic) and small wind turbines: The British government’s Feed-in-Tariff rewards home owners and businesses for the electricity they generate by PV and other micro generation systems.

Offshore wind developments could total more than 32GW of installed capacity at a cost of more than $120 billion if they are all completed as planned. The developers, who have signed exclusivity zone agreements, are:

 Moray Offshore Renewables Limited  SeaGreen Wind Energy  Forewind Consortium  Siemens Project Ventures and Mainstream Renewable  East Anglia Offshore Wind Limited  Eon Climate and Renewables UK  Eneco New Energy  RWE Npower Renewables  Centrica Renewable

Getting into the market

 Demonstrate a clear competitive advantage (i.e., price, quality, branding).  Pay close attention to both the obvious and subtle cultural differences between the United States and the United Kingdom and adjust marketing strategies accordingly.

 Evaluate prospective partners carefully and choose an experienced, well-established local distributor.  The EU and the U. S are negotiating bilateral and multilateral Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement- FTA, an agreement which facilitates the trade of products across the European Union.10  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_free_trade_agreements

#9 Germany

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Germany favors the sun, wind and water energy strategies. There is a consistent based development of renewable energies, which is why Germany’s electricity supply is to be increased by at least 35 per cent by the year 202011.

The German economy--the fifth-largest in the world in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms and Europe's largest--is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force. Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. The following chart depicts U. S export sales in these subcategories.

Products by Categories: Germany 2001 Germany 2011 In USD: Thousands SOLAR: Solar Heating $63,823,188 $112,877,598 PV Generator $11,349,814 $28,121,288 WIND Wind Energy $13,726,280 $29,138,398 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $459,898 $664,979 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $63,823,188 $112,877,598 Market Sales Sum $153,182,368 $283,679,861 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes.

In May 2011, Chancellor Merkel announced Germany’s plan to phase out nuclear energy power by 2022. It is expected that this policy will further accelerate the growth of the renewable energies sector.

11 http://www.dena.de/en/topics/renewable-energies/

The following chart depicts the market overview of Germany for 2010 in renewable energy.

USD 1,000 2010 (e) New domestic installations, not 21,460 including resulting energy generation or sales Energy sales generated using 23,055 renewable energies Total Domestic Market (1+2) 44,515 Total exports 14,000

The following graph shows that prices for conventional fuels continue to increase and prices for renewable energy steadily decrease, the renewable energy sector is expected to continue to grow. Electricity generation from renewable energies is substantially based on the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz, EEG), which is in accordance with European policy (Directive 2001/77/EC). The share of renewable energy sources in the total energy consumption (heat, electricity and fuels) is expected to be more than 28% by 2020.

(Source: http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/)

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Renewables will generate an expected 47% of the entire electricity (incl., 25% of all heating energy and 19 % of all fuels used for transportation purposes (ships, automobiles, trucks, and electricity for electric vehicles and trains).

 Wind Energy

Of all renewable energy sources, wind energy will remain the most significant. Until 2020, 25%, or 149 TWh, of the entire electric consumption in Germany is expected to be met by wind energy.

 Bio Energy

In 2020, bio energy will account for 54 TWh (2008: 27 TWh) or 9.1% of all electricity, 150 TWh (2208: 97 TWh) or 13% of heating energy , and 111 TWh (2008: 37 TWh) or 21% of all fuels. The major share will come from biogas, followed by solid biomass (mainly wood and plants), liquid biomass (plant oils), and sewage and landfill gas.

 Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Thermal Energy

Only about 6% of the entire suitable roofs (not considering free standing installations) are being used for solar energy purposes at present in Germany. In 2020, 39.5 GW of installed cells will generate 40 TWh (2008: TWh). PV will then generate around 7% of the electricity used in Germany. Solar thermal heating energy is expected to increase to an annual yield of 30TWh in 2020 (2008: 4 TWh).

 Hydro Power

Most hydro power plants operating in Germany were built before the 1960s and the majority is in the 5-10 MW class. Experts state that the 31 TWh that were generated in 2008 can be increased (mainly by repowering existing plants) to over 31 TWh by 2020 and then account for 5.4% of the electric power generation in Germany. In addition to repowering, major investment is also expected for environmental protection measures for hydro power plant surrounding waterways (fish steps, re-naturalization of riverbeds, and optimization of river flow).

 Geothermal Energy

Industrial, deep geothermal energy: At present, total installed electrical power equals to 7 MW generating 220 Million kWh per year. It is expected that this energy form will reach as much as 6000 MW and 38 TWh by 2020. Surface geothermal energy: In 2008 alone, about

62,000 heat pumps were installed, mostly in private residences bringing the total number of heat pumps to over 350,000 units. More than half use water-to-water or brine-to-water technology for which vertical drilling or horizontal netting is required. A little less than half use air-to-air heat pump technology, which is expected to carry the highest growth potential.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 The most successful market entrants are those that offer innovative products featuring high quality and modern styling. Germans are responsive to the innovation and high technology evident in U.S. products, such as computers, computer software, electronic components, health care and medical devices, synthetic materials, and automotive technology.  The German market is decentralized and diverse, with interests and tastes differing dramatically from one German state to another. Successful market strategies take into account regional differences as part of a strong national market presence. Experienced representation is a major asset to any market strategy, given that the primary competitors for most American products are domestic firms with established presences. U.S. firms can overcome such stiff competition by offering high-quality products, services at competitive prices, and locally based after-sales support.  The EU and the U.S are negotiating bilateral and multilateral Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement- FTA, an agreement which facilitates the trade of products across the European Union.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

#10 Singapore

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

th th In 2011, Singapore was the 11 largest export market and 15 largest trading partner of the United States. The U.S. is the number two supplier of Singapore’s total imports just behind Malaysia. Singapore’s other top import sources include China, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, India and United Arab Emirates. The U.S. and Singapore signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in May 2003 that went into effect January 1, 2004. During the first eight years of the U.S.-Singapore FTA, two-way trade increased 59.1 percent and U.S. exports by 89.4 percent.

Singapore’s real GDP grew 4.9% in 2011 but the government expects growth to slow to 1% to 3% in 2012. Foreign investments, combined with investments through Singapore government-linked corporations (GLCs), underpin Singapore's open, heavily trade- dependent economy. The World Bank Report “Doing Business 2011” cited Singapore as the world’s easiest place to do business. The World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 ranks Singapore as the world’s second most competitive country and having the best protection of intellectual property. The following chart depicts U. S export sales in these subcategories.

Products by Categories: Singapore 2001 Singapore 2011 In USD: Thousands SOLAR: Solar Energy $24,637,167 $56,693,924 PV Generator $6,206,509 $33,370,771 WIND Wind Energy $52,286,809 $23,859,712 HYDRO Hydro & Marine Power $146,278 $68,112,434 GEOTHERMAL Power Generation $24,637,167 $56,693,924 Market Sales Sum $107,913,930.00 $238,730,765 Source: data was calculated from the acquired information given on the government website: tse.export.gov, by using HS codes.

The harsh realities of climate change and pollution have spurred the Government of Singapore and many companies here to find and adopt environmentally-friendly services and solutions. In particular, Singapore has placed great emphasis in developing the clean technology sector which includes the fields of Clean Energy, and Environment and Water.

A holistic blueprint is already in place to grow the Clean Energy industry with US$280 million of public funds. Its initiatives include the US$40 million Clean Energy Research Program (CERP) set up to support R&D efforts as well as a US$20 million graduate scholarship program to groom top-notch talent for the industry.

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Singapore’s Green Plan 2012 (SGP 2012) will incorporate programs for reduction of waste volumes through waste minimization and recycling; reduction of the amount of land for sewage treatment; stricter emission standards, and tougher vehicular emission controls. The Singapore Government has announced it will upgrade and build environmental infrastructure projects over the next ten years. Related products from the U.S. will have good market prospects, given that imports of environmental products from the U.S. account for over 21% of the total imports.

Hydro power technologies also offer great opportunities in Singapore. The water industry in Singapore is becoming more liberalized. The national water agency, the Public Utilities Board (PUB), has opened its doors to private companies that want to test-bed projects using its infrastructure. PUB also offers contracts to private companies to design, build and operate water plants. U.S. companies are encouraged to participate in future tenders offered by the PUB. American manufacturers could also supply their equipment to the successful prime contractors of PUB projects. Areas of particular interest include filtering and purifying machinery and apparatus, technologies involving wastewater recycling and treatment, and modular wastewater treatment system.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 Singapore is a major trading hub, importing and exporting all kinds of products from consumer goods to high technology and industrial goods for re-export to third countries. U.S. companies will find attractive market opportunities in the following best prospects sectors: electronics, oil and gas equipment, aircraft and parts, pollution control equipment, medical devices, laboratory and scientific instruments, computer hardware and software, telecommunication equipment, university education services and franchises.  Singapore firms are aggressive when it comes to representing new products and usually respond enthusiastically to new opportunities. In addition, most Singaporean companies are open to joint venture proposals, and many are interested in manufacturing under license.  Price, quality and service are the main selling factors in Singapore. Prospective exporters to Singapore should be aware that competition is strong and that buyers expect good

after-sales service. Selling techniques vary according to the industry and product but are comparable to the techniques used in any other sophisticated market.  Singapore and the U.S have a FTA-Free Trade Agreement, an agreement which facilitates the trade of products internationally.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

Additional Countries

The following countries were included in some of the data of HS codes for the top ten countries’ subcategories for Renewable Energy. For further information on these countries, please visit: export.gov.

 Algeria  United Arab Emirates  Malaysia  Turkey  Poland  Paraguay  Dominican Republic  French Guiana  Guadeloupe

Upcoming Countries

The following country quick facts are in compliance with Ex-Im Bank’s upcoming countries that have shown prospect opportunities for Green Industries. Ex-Im Bank is defined by entrepreneur’s encyclopedia website as an independent bank established by Congress that finances or insures foreign purchases of U.S. goods for customers unable or unwilling to accept credit risk.12

Turkey  Special Programs o Ex-Im has signed an MOU with the Ministry of Energy for collaboration on the development of Renewable Energy financing opportunities  Recent Transactions o THY – Significant Boeing Commercial Aircraft orders o Geothermal Energy Projects – EPC Contracts  Sector Opportunities o Oil and gas, power, renewable energy, medical equipment, transportation, logistics and aviation.  Exposure o Ex-Im Bank exposure to Turkey is $3.8 billion

India  Market Facts o With over 1.2 billion population, a rapidly growing economy and major infrastructure development requirement, this market presents extraordinary opportunities to U.S. exporters. o Projected expenditures on infrastructure will amount to over $1 trillion during the next 5 years. o Strong market for Solar Power projects with over $100 million covering several projects that have been recently approved.  Cover Policy o Ex-Im Bank is fully open for all tenors in India for both the public & private sectors with no specific restrictions.  Exposure o Ex-Im Bank exposure to India is $7 billion

Vietnam  Market Facts

12 http://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/term/82410.html

o Ex-Im opened coverage in 2001. Starting from a low level of activity, the country has massive needs for industrialization and infrastructure development.  Current Transactions o Power Generation – Renewable energy, EPC - engineering/management contracts o Power Transmission - Smart grid technology, substations o Satellite – Telecommunications technology o Aviation - Aircraft, replacement parts and service, airport development, air traffic control systems  Exposure o Ex-Im exposure to Vietnam is $185 million.

The following countries are countries that have also jumped on the green innovations market, and are growing to be a competitor among the top countries in this market.

Additional Markets for Renewable Energy The following countries are countries that have also jumped on the green innovations market, and are growing to be a competitors among the top countries in this market.

Belgium

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Currently, several shifting factors influence the rapidly changing Belgian energy market, among others the continuing EU-wide process of de-regulation and liberalization, the discussion on phasing or non-phasing out of nuclear energy, the incentives to develop renewable energy sources, the changing structure of the country’s energy distribution and so forth. U.S. companies wanting to export to the Belgian energy market must be aware and take into account these uncertain or changing factors, which will determine the potential for exports of relevant goods and services to this market.

Except for coal and some of energy potential, Belgium has no natural energy sources. The country now imports all its coal, natural gas and petroleum requirements for its energy needs that amount to almost 42,000 ktoe (kilo-ton oil equivalent, or about 489 TWh).

Of this total consumption, 31% is used for residential needs, 30% by the industry and 23% for transport purposes. Because of various policies (among others, energy security and environmental considerations) there has been a slight shift in energy sources

On the national level, energy policies in Belgium are guided by strategic and socio- economic interests. As with most western countries, strategic interests concern the security of supply and source diversification, especially in view of recent disruptions of gas deliveries by Russia to the EU. Recently two new supplier countries have emerged in 2006, Qatar and Libya, on top of the traditional gas-producing countries delivering to Belgium. This issue has led to a national (still ongoing) debate on the possible overruling of the decision to abandon nuclear energy in the country. Economic interests are largely the result of breaking up former national monopolies in energy production, transit and delivery as enforced by EU legislation. Social interests include environmental considerations and EU directives stemming from the Kyoto Protocol, and job retention and creation.

The following chart depicts Belgium’s market size sum in these subcategories for the last five years.

Belgium 2006 2011 solar energy $25,188,229 $123,313,609 PV $15,093,609 $21,786,304 wind energy $98,768,519 $36,827,844 Hydro Power $36,241 $34,884 Geothermal $25,188,229 $123,313,609 Market Size $164,274,827 $305,276,250 % Growth ------46%

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Several trends are still shaping the Belgian energy market, yielding opportunities for U.S. firms.

Electricity market a) Market liberalization:

 Deregulation has been set in place on a policy level, but this has not yet led to a satisfactory level of competition. The federal and regional governments will most likely continue to create incentives to improve the efficiency of market forces on the industry. While the various government bodies have persistently warned against a likely shortage of Belgian electricity production capacity, the industry itself seems reluctant to invest in relevant infrastructure at the moment. b) Nuclear energy:

 The uncertainty around the abandonment of the nuclear energy industry in Belgium negatively affects the prospect of any investments in this sector. However, with 54% of Belgium’s electricity coming from the seven ageing nuclear reactors, abandonment seems unlikely as no other source can easily replace that capacity before 2015, the date when the first decommissioning is due. One can therefore expect a decision on continuation of the nuclear energy program as this deadline approaches, with subsequent purchases of equipment and services for revamping and maintaining the country’s nuclear reactors, if not the ordering of entirely new production plants. c) Emissions-controlling measures and renewable energies:

 Belgium is committed to lowering its CO2 output under the EU’s adherence to the Kyoto Protocol. Several studies made specifically for the Belgian market have shown that a wide approach will be needed to attain the national emissions- reduction targets. These comprise a mixture of consumption reduction, green/ renewable technologies and investments in cleaner, more efficient production facilities. Many power plants in Belgium consume a mixture of coal and natural gas, and are highly polluting. Some parties suggest their replacement with more modern versions, which would serve the purpose of capacity expansion as well as lowering the country’s output of CO2 and other pollutants. Retro-fitting these facilities with pollution-mitigating devices could also present opportunities for U.S. firms.

 In this context, the Commission for Electricity and Gas Regulation (CREG) submitted a proposal for an indicative power generation program in 2005-2014, stating that the capacities to be invested in the period 2005-2014 that amount to 1,729 MW in renewable energy sources and 1,749 MW in qualitative co-generation. In this same proposal, by 2014, decisions are recommended on investments in eight units using combined cycle gas-turbine (CCGT plants) of 400 MW and four gas turbines with open cycles (GT) of 80 MW.  Many smaller businesses are investing in renewable energies given the advantages of using electricity from their own sources (i.e. not subject to a volatile market) and the

generous incentives proposed by the government, often allowing for very short return on investments. Distribution centers and other businesses with large surface areas that allow the installation of wind turbines and/or photovoltaic cells are driving this market. d) Maintenance and provision of spare parts:

 Opportunities for small equipment manufacturers specializing in process control and similar equipment can find a market in Belgium, especially when working through an effective, well established distributor.

Gas Market

Natural gas is seen as a key source in Belgium’s future energy basket. First, because it is relatively clean. Second, because at least one key provider of gas in Belgium is a reliable partner (Norway), while new suppliers are appearing (Qatar and Libya), promoting the diversity of supply.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 U.S. exporters can penetrate the Belgian market through importers/distributors, wholesalers or specialized retailers, depending on their products and their company size. Interested U.S. exporters will have to focus on innovation, quality and competitive pricing to successfully penetrate the market.  In support of U.S. commercial interests in Belgium, the U.S. Embassy in Brussels uses the combined resources of the various U.S. Government agencies to promote exports of U.S. goods and services. It also supplies information on trade and investment opportunities and serves as an advocate for U.S. firms.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

Italy This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Five good reasons to enter Italy’s solar and green building market

1) Italy is the world’s second largest market for photovoltaic installations

2) Italy already has over 1GW of solar power in place and is expected to add at least 1GW of capacity annually over the next three years

3) Immediate opportunities exist with one of the most generous government backed feed-in-tariff programs in the world, with rates of $0.34 to $0.60 per kWh of generation capacity

4) Best prospects for the Italian green building market include insulation products, energy saving systems for residential and industrial applications, solar thermal panels for building heating and hot water production, wood construction and geothermal energy for building heating applications

5) The Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) green building certification system is gaining prominence in Italy. Italian builders and construction professionals are in need of U.S. architectural and engineering expertise to develop LEED projects in Italy

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

The promotion of alternative sources of energy is a necessity in Italy, as the country still depends on foreign suppliers for over 80% of its needs (versus the European average of 56%). With an estimated gross energy production from renewable energy sources (RES) exceeding 75 TWh in 2010, Italy is one of the European leaders in RES development and is considered one of the world’s most attractive markets for renewable energy projects. Particularly strong are Italy’s opportunities in solar, geothermal, onshore wind and infrastructure projects.

The exponential growth of the renewable energy sector in Italy is driven by sky-high energy rates, national and local government subsidies (feed-in tariffs, “Green

Certificates” system and new investments in the research and technology areas), compliance with Europe's mandatory renewable energy targets, recent Italian legislation that sets energy efficiency requirements in building construction and the country’s favorable climate conditions.

To comply with European Directive 2009/28/CE - the so-called “20-20-20” to fight climate change - Italy is required to achieve a target of 17% of total energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020. The Italian Government has recently submitted to the EU Commission the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP), which outlines the

development strategy and support policies to meet this legally binding goal by 2020 through the implementation of administrative, technological, fiscal and financial measures. The NREAP calls for wind sources to contribute 12.7 GW, solar sources 8.5 GW and biomass 4.6 GW of the total energy consumption by 2020.

Traditionally, hydropower has been the most significant source of green energy in Italy. It accounts for more than 15% of the total gross electricity production and represents more than 70% of renewable energies production, with close to 50 TWh estimated in 2010. Italy also holds an important position in the geothermal sector. Although production is limited to the Tuscany Region, Italy is third in the world and first in Western Europe with a production of about 6 TWh and a weight of around 1.8% on total energy produced.

Solar energy production experienced the most exceptional growth in 2010, with an increase in newly installed capacity of over 265%, from 711 GWh in 2009 to 2 GWh in 2010. Preliminary estimates indicate that the number of installed photovoltaic (PV) plants in Italy in 2010 surpassed 150,000, with a total installed power of 3 GW. This makes Italy the second most important PV market in the world. The incentives offered by the Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) or “Conto Energia” have proven to be extremely effective in boosting PV implementation and are expected to continue driving the market in the next three years. The Italian Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) industry, although in its early stages, is also expected to gain momentum in the next five years.

Business opportunities will lie on large-scale rooftops in both commercial and industrial buildings, in full building-integrated PV solutions and in small and medium-size highly efficient installations. With regard to biomass (including solid biomass, bioliquids, biodegradable waste and biogas), it is estimated that energy production grew from 7,631 GWh in 2009 to 8,500 in 2010, an increase of 12%. Total production in the last 10 years has grown 410%, with 430 functioning plants.

The following chart depicts the market in Italy for Renewable Energy in the estimated years of 2009-2012.

US millions

Total Market Size = (Total Local Production + Total Imports) – (Total Exports)The above data are unofficial estimates, mainly elaborated from reports and statistics from the following sources: GSE Gestore dei Servizi Elettrici – Agency promoting the development of renewable energy sources, GME – Electricity Market Managing Agency, ENEA – National Energy Agency, ISTAT - National Institute of Statistics, ANEV – Wind Industry Association

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Further development of the renewable energy sector requires a modernization of the Italian energy network in order to facilitate access to the market and to improve energy distribution. To this end, the smart grid system – which has been already implemented in the United States – may be introduced in the short term. U.S. technologies and experiences could be therefore useful for Italian energy operators and institutions, and this may represent a real opportunity for U.S. companies.

The solar energy sector represents the most attractive segment of the Italian renewable energy market. As the most advantageous incentives are offered to full building integrated

PV solutions with innovative features, the Italian market is particularly attractive for those U.S. exporters specializing in PV solutions for rooftops, walls and windows or exploring innovative applications in the architectural field. In addition, excellent opportunities exist for U.S. products for large-scale rooftops in both commercial and industrial buildings. The following products also have excellent prospects:

. PV cells . Monocrystalline . polycrystalline and thin film PV modules . PV tiles/PV shingles . PV sun shades . canopies and shelters . solar trackers . concentrating PV plants . CSP solutions . anti-theft devices for PV modules.

As far as the bio-mass sector is concerned, Italy has a large and growing market for heating systems that use pellets. The growth of the Italian market and the difficulty to satisfy the demand for pellets has led to an increase in foreign pellet imports. Consequently there is a good potential for sales of U.S. wood pellets.

. Renewable energy is considered one of the key resources for the future Italian economic development and presents good market opportunities for U.S. exporters. . Green energy projects also offer opportunities for cooperation between U.S. and Italian firms to manage new investments and to exchange know-how and technologies. . U.S. advanced technology is well known and appreciated in Italy. Although the total market is still limited, there is a strong potential for U.S. renewable energy firms to carve out a substantial share of this niche market. Small and medium-sized enterprises may find good business opportunities, but it is essential that new-to-market companies use the expertise and services of well-established representatives, who in this specific subsector may be specialized distributors or installers.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 The cultivation and maintenance of personal relationships are a vital part of doing business in Italy. Finding the right agent, distributor, or business partner in Italy is essential in entering the Italian market. Italian market remains individual to that one of the EU, so it is best to rely on a distributor that is native to the Italian market.  Ideally contracting someone that already has a network of relationship in place, this will open many doors for a U.S exporter trying to enter the Italian market. Patience is always essential, as it may take two to three times longer than expected to establish a business.  E-Commerce remains relatively less developed in Italy due to factors such as a high level of credit card fraud, lack of trust in the postal system, and the tradition all less favorable return practices of Italian merchants. However, Italians do use the internet for social networking and information.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

Spain

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

The demand for electrical energy in Spain was 259.940 GWh, according to estimated figures released in December 2010 from the Spanish grid operator Red Eléctrica de España (REE). Renewable energy covered 35 percent of 2010 demand, six percent more than in 2009, mainly due to the increase of hydrological electricity production. Hydrological energy generation increased 59 percent, covering 14 percent of demand, whereas in 2009 it only covered 9 percent. Another important factor was wind energy generation, which increased by18.5 percent and covered 16 percent of demand over the previous year. The increased production in both hydrologic and wind energy was the result of atmospheric conditions that caused more rain and wind than in previous years.

Renewable energy generation steadily increased, accounting for 46.2 percent of total electricity produced. Within renewable energy applications, solar energy contributed to 2 percent of yearly demand. Average electricity demand in Spain is projected to increase approximately 1.47 percent in 2011. Conventional gas demand is projected to increase by 2.37 percent in 2011. According to Eurostat, the EU statistics office, Spain imports more than 80 percent of the energy that it consumes, and it is the seventh most energy-dependent country in Europe, after Cyprus, Malta, Luxemburg, Ireland, Italy and Portugal. The average dependency on energy imports in the 27 EU countries is approximately 54 percent. The only EU country that exports is Denmark. Among the less import-dependent countries are Poland and the UK.

The Spanish Government estimates that this energy dependency will decrease by 75 percent in 2012 thanks to a drop in energy demand, combined with the trends of greater energy efficiency and wider usage of renewable energy. To reach these objectives, they have prepared the Energy Saving and Efficiency Plan 2008-2012 (PA4+), with the objective of reducing the energy expended per unit of GDP. The Plan consists of a set of concrete measures which specifically target seven sectors: industry, transport, construction, public services, household and office automation equipment, agriculture, and energy transformation. The challenge Spanish regulators face is balancing the country's energy needs while keeping Spain's carbon-emissions commitments under the Kyoto Protocol.

The following chart depicts the market for Renewable Energy for the estimated years of 2010-2012.

Unit: USD millions 2010 (est.) 2011 (est.) 2012(est.) Total Market Size 13,565 14,617 15,641 Total Local Production 10,404 11,236 12,023 Imports from the U.S. 1,136 1,193 1,253 Exchange Rate:1 USD 0.754 0.754 0.754

Data Sources: Total Local Production: unofficial estimates, Total Exports: unofficial estimates. Total Imports: unofficial estimates , Imports from U.S.: unofficial estimates

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

As the market becomes increasingly competitive, joint ventures and partnerships will play an important role in capturing market share and in injecting the necessary capital and state- of-the-art technology. In order to meet the country’s growing energy demand, Spanish government officials predict that companies will spend a total of 6.5 billion Euros (USD 8.5 billion) during the 2002-2012 timeframe.

The current Energy Saving and Efficiency Plan 2008-2012 (PA4+) forms part of the EU Energy Efficiency Action Plan. The objective of the PA4+ is not only to achieve the commitments set out in Directive 2006/32 EC, which defines a framework for a joint effort to achieve energy savings of nine percent in 2016, but also to meet the more ambitious target, included in the decision of the European Council dated March 9, 2007, namely to achieve savings of 20 percent by 2020.

The strategic targets of this Plan include:

 To acknowledge energy saving and energy efficiency as a tool for economic growth and social welfare.  To create appropriate conditions for knowledge of energy saving and energy efficiency to become more widespread and better developed in society, in particular as regards the measures in all the national strategies and in the Spanish Climate Change Strategy.  To encourage competition in the market under the guiding principle of energy saving and efficiency.  To strengthen the position of Spain at the forefront of energy saving and efficiency.

Opportunities will emerge for building energy efficiency and in the areas of transportation and industry. The new legal framework being developed in Spain encourages the use of solar energy devices in buildings and houses to guarantee the minimum coverage of power demanded.

Electric utilities are the main promoters of renewable-energy projects in Spain, since they possess the resources and technology necessary to develop them. Federal, regional and local governments are also very active in renewable energy development and these organizations offer incentives to attract the investment which they consider beneficial in economic, political, social and environmental terms.

The challenge is to make the renewable-energy sector attractive to private investors, to maintain the interest that has already been created in some sectors, and to expand it to other areas of the energy industry.

Business opportunities exist for U.S. firms in the Spanish renewable energy and energy efficiency market with state-of-the-art technology and services. Strategic alliances with Spanish companies can also give U.S. companies access to Latin America and other foreign markets as well. U.S. small and medium- sized companies should know that doing business with Spanish energy companies can open up opportunities in other industries, such as environmental technology, that are closely linked with energy.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

 The Spanish market is made up of a number of regional markets joined by the two hubs of Madrid and Barcelona.  The key to a foreign firm's sales success is to either appoint a competent agent or distributor, or to establish an effective subsidiary in the Madrid or Barcelona areas.  Spanish commercial procedures are in line with the rest of Western Europe, where price and value remain paramount. However, credit terms, marketing assistance and after sales service are also important factors in local purchase decisions. The use of credit to purchase consumer goods is widely accepted in Spain, particularly in the cities, with banks competing to offer coverage.  The approach to doing business is similar to that of Italy or France. Professional attire is recommended. There is no substitute for face-to-face meetings with Spanish business representatives to break into this market. Spaniards expect a personal relationship with suppliers. It can be challenging to elicit a response to initial communication by phone or e-mail. Direct mail campaigns generally yield meager results. Less than 30 percent of local managers are fluent in English.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

South Africa

Green Consciousness Overview This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

As an economy dependent on coal for its energy input, South Africa has a relatively large carbon “footprint.” Although it was a signatory to the Copenhagen Accord, the South African Government framework for a concerted Green Technology policy is a long way off. However, with pressure on government, consumers and industry to address the mandate of Copenhagen, a variety of measures can be expected in the foreseeable future.

. These will all revolve around mandating energy efficiency that will add a new variable to the business equation. The early stages of a formal Green Technology policy are evidenced by voluntary energy efficiency programs that are being driven by industry; these will presumably be adapted the South African Government as a mandatory standard in due course. . A variety of South African Government Green Technology measures can be expected in the foreseeable future, including: . A progressive carbon tax due in FY 2011 on fuel-inefficient internal combustion motor vehicles, going hand-in-hand with mandating the latest technology fuels from South African oil refineries to power EURO 5-compliant internal combustion engines. . Reduction of South Africa’s coal energy reliance (around 92 percent of all power generation) despite the country having abundant supplies for both domestic and export purposes; . The use of Clean Coal Technologies (CCT), which may alleviate some pressure to reduce reliance on fossil-fueled power generation. . Medium term, establishment of a nuclear power generation capacity, to supplement the only, problem-prone facility at Koeberg in the Western Cape. Commissioned in 1984, Koeberg has a capacity of 1,800MW to supply six percent of South Africa's electricity needs. . The use of solar and to a lesser degree wind power generation are long- term Green Technology options, given the country’s natural endowment of abundant sunshine and a long coast line.

Industry sector developments in this field include: Pollution Control Equipment

o Renewable Energy o Green Build Technology

A large percentage of South Africa’s energy generation is produced from fossil fuel. Only about 9 percent of the total energy produced comes from renewable sources, comprising mostly of wood-fuel burning in individual households.

. In an attempt to integrate renewable energy into the country’s conventional energy mix, the Department of Energy has set a target that the share of renewable energy in the country’s final energy consumption should be 10,000 GWh (Gigawatt Hours) by 2013. . This is approximately a 4 percent increase in the current renewable contribution to the projected total energy demand of 41,539 MW for 2013. . Although energy generation contributes about 15% to South Africa’s GDP, the only figures available show the percent contribution of different technologies to the total national MW generated.

Best Prospects & Opportunities This information was acquired from a government website: export.gov Wind and solar thermal energy are currently heading the list in South Africa as having the most potential to be linked to the national grid; and, there is much potential for non-grid renewable power applications, which can be used to ensure access to power in remote rural areas.

. Wind energy, currently one of the fastest-growing renewable-energy sectors, is leading the way in the implementation of environment-friendly electricity generation capacity. According to a recent parliamentary announcement by the Minister of Energy, South Africa seeks to commission 400 MW of wind power through independent power producers (IPPs) within the next three years. . South Africa's solar resources are among the highest in the world. The annual 24-hour global solar radiation average is about 220 W/m2 for South Africa compared with about 150 W/m2 for parts of the USA, and about 100 W/m2 for Europe and the United Kingdom. Annual photovoltaic (PV) panel-assembly capacity totals 5MW, and a number of companies in South Africa manufacture solar water-heaters. In sum, Energy studies identify solar energy as the most readily accessible renewable energy resource available in South Africa.

Products and services with potential for renewable component include:

 Construction of New Power Stations and Related Equipment,  New Plant Equipment and Related Systems, and  Systems Control Equipment.

The renewable energy mix most likely to be added grid will be produced mainly from:

 Biomass  Wind  Solar  Landfill gas, and  Small-scale hydro developments

The State-owned Central Energy Fund has established the Energy Development Corporation, whose mandate is to investigate opportunities in the field of renewable energy and prepare business cases for viable initiatives.

 The Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) established the Renewable Energy Finance and Subsidy Office (REFSO), whose duty includes:  The management of renewable energy subsidies; and offering advice to developers and other stakeholders on renewable energy finance and subsidies. This includes information on the size of awards, eligibility, procedural requirements, and opportunities for accessing finance from other sources.  The Department of Energy (DoE) is formulating the Integrated Resource Plan 2010 (IRP2010) that will determine current and future energy requirements for South Africa for the next 20 years. The Minister of Energy recently indicated that the plan would emphasize renewable energy, electricity imports and demand-side management (DSM) schemes. She further said that it is likely to also include additional coal-fired power stations and the resurrection of the country's nuclear energy program.  The expected publication of the plan in the Government Gazette is September 2010.  The World Bank recently approved a $3 billion loan to assist the State utility, Eskom, with its development of a coal-fired power station at Medupi in northern Limpopo. While the loan would fund the bulk of the construction of the six units, 4,788 MW coal-fired Medupi Power Station, the remainder of the funds would go toward the country's first large wind and concentrated solar power projects.

Getting into the market This information was acquired from the government website: export.gov

Because the South African market is sophisticated, entry should be well planned and should take into consideration the following factors:

 The skewed demographic income distribution pattern, where ten percent of the population earns 45 percent of national income;  The price-sensitive nature of the majority of consumer demand;  Distribution issues given that the large retail centers are spread over only five metropolitan regions;  A judicious selection of one of three low-risk entry strategies: representation, agency or distributorship (Note: if you are selling to the government or government-funded organizations, any local partner should be BEE-compliant);  The entrenched bias of a conservative market that sticks to known suppliers and therefore requires sustained market development; and

 South Africa’s position as the pre-eminent stepping stone for developing most sectors in sub-Saharan Africa: the marketing mix should anticipate this medium-term option.  For further information: work with Duquesne University SBDC Global Business Program(www.duq.edu/SBDC), Pennsylvania DCED’s Center for trade Development, and the U.S Department of Commerce, Pittsburgh office ( export.gov/pa/Pittsburgh)

Resources and Contact Information This data was acquired from a government website: export.gov

#1 Canada Major upcoming events/trade shows supported by CS Canada in this sector: Web Resources: . http://www.geo-exchange.ca/en/

#2 Mexico Resources  Secretariat of Energy: http://www.energia.gob.mx  Mexican oil company- PEMEX: http://www.pemex.gob.mx  Federal Electricity Commission: http://www.cfe.gob.mx  Energy Regulatory Commission: http://www.cre.gob.mx  College of Petroleum Engineers of Mexico: http://www.cipm.org.mx  National Infrastructure Plan: http://www.infraestructura.gob.mx  Nat’l Commission for the Efficient Use of Energy http://www.conuee.gob.mx For more information please contact:  Mr. Francisco Ceron, Senior Commercial Specialist (Energy) Commercial Service, U.S. Embassy in Mexico City [email protected]  Arturo Dessommes, Commercial Specialist (Electric Power) Commercial Service, U.S. Embassy in Mexico City [email protected] #3 China Renewable Energy . CS China Energy Webpage and Newsletter http://www.buyusa.gov/china/enenergy.html . China Greentech Initiative http://www.china-greentech.com . U.S.-China Energy Cooperation Program http://www.uschinaecp.org . China Renewable Energy Industry Association http://www.creia.net . China Wind Energy Association http://www.cwea.org.cn . China New Energy Chamber of Commerce http://www.cnecc.org.cn . Solarcon China 2011 http://www.semi.org.cn/solarconchina/cn/ . Wind Power Asia 2011 Expo http://www.koelnmesse.cn/fair/New_WindPowerAsia_E/index.asp . China Wind Power 2011

http://www.chinawind.org.cn/home.html

Important Contacts: Environmental Management, Renewable Energy & Green Building . Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/ See also: http://www.uschina.org/public/china/govstructure/govstructure_part5/ . China Building Materials Industries Association http://www.cbminfo.com/ . China Energy Conservation Program http://www.cecp.org.cn/english/index.asp

. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China http://www.mep.gov.cn/ . US China Build (a program of Evergreen Building Products Assoc) http://www.uschinabuild.org . CS China Energy Webpage and Newsletter http://www.buyusa.gov/china/enenergy.html . CS China Design Construction Webpage http://www.buyusa.gov/china/endesignconstruction.html . China Greentech Initiative http://www.China-Greentech.com . U.S.-China Energy Cooperation Program http://www.uschinaecp.org

U.S. Commercial Services Contact Information in China Beijing Office: Tel: (86-10)8531-4463 Fax: (86-10)8531-3701 Merry Cao, Commercial Specialist [email protected] Elizabeth Shieh, Commercial Officer [email protected]

#4 S.Korea Commercial Services Contacts:  Mr. Young Wan Park Commercial Specialist US Commercial Service Korea US Embassy Seoul 32 Sejong-no Jongno-gu Seoul 110-710 Korea Tel: 82-2-397-4164 Fax: 82-2-739-1628 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.buyusa.gov/korea

 Mr. Chris Ahn Senior Commercial Specialist, US Commercial Service Korea US Embassy Seoul 32 Sejong-no Jongno-gu Seoul 110-710 Korea Tel: 82-2-397-4186 Fax: 82-2-739-1628 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.buyusa.gov/korea

Renewable Energy Ministry of Knowledge Economy http://www.mke.go.kr/language/eng/index.jsp

#5 Australia . Australian Bureau of Agricultue and Resource Economics: http://ww/abare/org/au . Clean Energy Council: http:// www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au . Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency: http://www.climatechange.gov.au/ . Renewable Energy Generators of Australia: http://ww.rega.com.au

#6 Japan Commercial Services Contacts:  Aaron Held, Tokyo Commercial Officer Phone: 81-3-3224-5080 [email protected]  Kevin Haley, Trade Event Programs Senior International Trade Specialist Phone: 202-482-6434 [email protected]

Renewable Energy . CS Japan Contact: Takahiko Suzuki [email protected] . Japan Electrical Safety & Environment Technology Laboratories Web: http://www.jet.or.jp/en/ . Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Government of Japan Web: http://www.meti.go.jp/english/index.html

#7 Brazil Renewable Energy

. Please visit CS Brazil’s Energy Industry Web page and the other noted important websites: http://www.export.gov/brazil/industryhighlights/energy/index.asp . Eletrobras: www.eletrobras.com.br . EPE (Empresa de Pesquisas Energéticas): http://www.epe.gov.br/leiloes/Paginas/default.aspx?CategoriaID=21 . Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME): www.mme.gov.br . www.aneel.gov.br . For more market research reports please visit: http://www.export.gov/mrktresearch/index.asp . U.S. Commercial Service Brazil: www.buyusa.gov/brazil Contacts:  Kevin Haley, Trade Event Programs Senior International Trade Specialist Phone: 202-482-6434 [email protected]  Sergio Teixeira, Rio De Janeiro Trade Event Manager/Coordinator Phone: 55 21 3823-2419 [email protected]

#8 United Kingdom Commercial Service Contacts: For further information about the UK environment, please contact:  Sara Jones, Commercial Assistant U.S. Commercial Service, American Embassy 24 Grosvenor Square, London W1A 1AE Tel: 011 44 20 7894 0451 Email: [email protected] Renewable Energy . Government Departments Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) www.decc.gov.uk Department for Business, Innovation and Skills www.bis.gov.uk For further information about the UK renewable energy market, please contact:  Richard Stanbridge, Senior Commercial Specialist U.S. Commercial Service American Embassy 24 Grosvenor Square London W1A 1AE, UK Tel: 011 44 20 7894 0419 Fax: 011 44 20 7894 0020 Email: richard.stanbridge@trade

#9 Germany Renewable Energy . Hydro Energy: Bundesverband Deutscher Wasserkraftwerke e.V. (BDW): www.wasserkraft-deutschland.de/ . . Wind Energy: Bundesverband Windenergie (BWE): www.wind-energie.de . Solar Energy: Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft (BSW): www.solarwirtschaft.de Geothermal Energy: Bundesverband Geothermie (GtV-BV): www.geothermie.de . Biogas: Fachverband Biogas: www.biogas.org Government: . Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU): www.bmu.de, www.erneuerbare-energien.de . German Energy Agency (DENA): www.dena.de . International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA): www.irena.org Trade Fairs: . Wind Energy: Husum Wind Energy, www.husumwind.de . Hannover Messe Energy, www.energy-hannover.de . Solar Energy: Intersolar, www.intersolar.de . Geothermal Energy: GeoTherm expo + congress, www.geotherm-offenburg.de . Biogas: Eurotier, www.eurotier.de . Bio Energy Decentral, www.bioenergy-decentral.com IFAT, www.ifat.de www.entsorga-enteco.com Entsorga, . Renewable Energy: Hannover Messe Energy, www.energy-hannover.de enertec, www.enertec-leipzig.de RenExpo, www.renexpo.de  Commercial Service Contact: [email protected]

#10 Singapore Commercial Services Contacts:  Kevin Haley, Trade Event Programs Senior International Trade Specialist Phone: 202-482-6434 [email protected]  Yiu Kei Chan, Singapore Commercial Specialist Phone: (65) 6476-9029 [email protected] Upcoming Countries

India, Turkey, and Vietnam  For further information please visit www.exim.com

Additional Countries for Renewable Energy Market

Belgium

Renewable Energy . CREG – Committee for Regulation of Gas and Electricity CREG carries out studies and conducts research, formulates recommendations and proposals for the attention of the Minister, evaluates the requests for authorization of production and transport, and monitors the protection of economic competition. Rue de l’Industrie, 26-38 B-1040 – Brussels Tel: +32 (0)2/289.76.11 Fax: +32 (0)2/289.76.09 Website: http://www.creg.be E-mail: [email protected] . VREG - Flemish Regulation Authority for the Electricity and Gas Markets North Plaza B – Boulevard du Roi Albert II, 7 B-1210 – Brussels Tel: +32 (0)2/775.75.11 Fax: +32 (0)2/775.76.79 Website: http://www.ort.be/vreg/vreg/index.htm . CWAPE - Wallonia Energy Commission Avenue Gouverneur Bovesse, 103-106 B-5100 Jambes (Namur) Tel: +32 (0)81/33.08.10 Fax: +32 (0)81/33.08.11 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cwape.be . BRUGEL – Brussels Region Commission for Gas and Electricity Gulledelle, 92 B-1200 Brussels Tel: +32 (0)800 97198 Website: www.brugel.be

Italy Commercial Service Contacts:  Federico Bevini, Milan Commercial Specialist Phone: Direct +39 02 6268 8520 or Main +39 02 02 6268 851 [email protected]  Kevin Haley, Trade Event Programs Senior International Trade Specialist

Phone: 202-482-6434 [email protected]

. U.S. Commercial Service Trade Specialist in Milan: Federico Bevini [email protected] Ph.: +39 02 626 88 520 www.buyusa.it

Renewable Energy & Environmental Management . Nicoletta Postiglione, Commercial Specialist, ICT Sector American Consulate General, Commercial Service Via Principe Amedeo 2 20121 Milan, Italy Tel. +39/02/62688-522 (direct) Fax +39/02/6596561 [email protected] http://www.buyusa.gov/italy/en/ . ASSOSOLARE - National Photovoltaic Industry Association http://www.assosolare.org/associazione/about/ . APER – Italian Renewable Energy Producers Association http://www.aper.it . ANEV – Wind Industry Association http://www.anev.org/ . AUTORITA’ PER L’ENERGIA ELETTRICA ED IL GAS - Regulatory Authority for Electricity and Gas http://www.autorita.energia.it . COGENA -Italian Cogeneration Promotion Association http://cogena.ascomac.it/home/home.aspx . ENEA – National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development http://www.enea.it/com/ingl/default.htm . EPIA - European Photovoltaic Industry Association http://www.epia.org . GIFI/ANIE – PV Italian Companies Group http://www.gifi-fv.it/cms/en . GME SpA – Electricity Market Managing Agency http://www.mercatoelettrico.org/En/GME/Info/ProfiloAziendale.aspx . GSE SpA - Gestore dei Servizi Elettrici – Agency promoting the development of renewable energy sources http://www.gse.it/Eng/Pagine/default.aspx

Spain Renewable Energy  Spanish Ministry of Industry: http://www.mityc.es/energia/en-US/Paginas/Index.aspx  Comisión Nacional de la Energía (Nacional Energy Comisión - Regulador): http://www.eng.cne.es/cne/Home  Instituto para la Diversificación y el Ahorro de Energía IDAE: (Instituto por Energy Diversificación and Saving): http://www.idae.es/index.php/mod.indice/mem.i  Red Eléctrica de España (Electricity Transmission and Operations): http://www.ree.es/ingles/home.asp  Spanish Association of Renewable Energy Producers: http://www.appa.es/index.php  Spanish Utilities Association: http://www.unesa.es/index.html  Spanish Energy Sector: http://energuia.com/  EU Energy Sector: http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm http://www.aquieuropa.com/

South Africa Renewable Energy

 Website: www.cef.org.za  Department of Minerals & Energy Website: www.dme.gov.za  Eskom Holdings Limited Website: www.eskom.co.za  For More Information The U.S. Commercial Service Commercial Specialist for the Energy Sector in Johannesburg, South Africa can be contacted via e-mail at: [email protected] or Tel: +27 (0)11 290 3356; Fax: +27 (0)11 884 0253; or visit our website: http://www.buyusa.gov/southafrica/

Bibliography The greater part of this guide had its information acquired from the U.S government’s website: export.gov. Other sections that were not were cited which included:

 http://www.ren21.net  http://www.ren21.net/RenewablesPolicy/InternationalProcesses/tabid/5607/Default.aspx  http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/econ_project_detail.asp?id=15  http://www.export.qld.gov.au/Pdfs/TR446_GreenBldg_MktProf_global_LR.pdf  http://www.colliers-sustainability.com/resources-market-research/green-building-market- worldwide/  http://www.sba.gov/content/export-loan- programs#International%20Trade%20Loan%20Program

Images:

 Canada: pg. 13: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canadian_Coat_of_Arms_Shield.svg;  Mexico: pg. 15 : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mexico_coat_of_arms.png  Brazil: pg. 28: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg  UK: pg 33: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CoatofArmsElizabethI1581.jpg  Germany: pg 37: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Germany.svg  Belgium: pg 44: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coats_of_arms_of_Belgium_Government.svg  China: pg. 18: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yunluo.jpg  Japan: pg. 26: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg  Singapore: pg 38: (Xavi Garcia, copyright holder) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore_(blazon).svg  South Korea: pg20: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Korea.svg  Australia: pg. 24: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Australia.svg