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A Note on Sources Ming’s extraordinary papers, now lodged with the National Library of Australia in Canberra as the Joan Kingsley-Strack papers, provide the basis for my recon- struction of her story. They include her personal diaries and correspondences, as well as the papers of the Committee for Aboriginal Citizenship. I have generally cited her sources only where they refer to letters or to the CAC records, rather than citing her personal diary entries exhaustively. I have supplemented her papers with a wide range of contemporary records and other sources held in Australian libraries and archives. These include the papers of individuals, organ- izations and government bodies, including the official records of the NSW Aborigines Protection Board. I further relied on a range of published contempo- rary sources, such as the NSW Parliamentary Debates (published annually and held at the State Library of NSW), government reports and newspaper articles. Books and journal articles I have drawn on – that is, published secondary sources – are cited in the notes and publication details follow in the Bibliography. For those readers who are interested to trace the archival references and sources that make up the bulk of my research, I suggest they see my unpublished history the- sis, ‘My One Bright Spot’, which is lodged with the History Department at the University of Sydney. Readers who wish to contact me for further details or to add information, can write to me care of the History Department, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001. Abbreviations and locations of archival sources referred to in the notes AA Australian Archives, Canberra AE A. P. Elkin Papers, Fisher Archives, University of Sydney, Sydney AFG Australian Fellowship Group Papers, Australian Archives, Canberra AIATSIS Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra APB Aborigines Protection Board (NSW) records, Archives Office of NSW, Sydney. APBR Aborigines Protection Board (NSW) annual reports, State Library of NSW, Sydney APBSR Aborigines Protection Board Salary Registers, Archives Office of NSW, Sydney. APBWR Aborigines Protection Board Ward Registers, Archives Office of NSW, Sydney. APNR Association for the Protection of Native Races: Minutes held in Elkin Papers, Fisher Archives, University of Sydney, Sydney. AT Albert Thompson Papers, Mitchell Library, Sydney. AWB Aborigines Welfare Board (NSW) records, Archives Office of NSW, Sydney. 247 248 A Note on Sources AWBCF Aborigines Welfare Board correspondence files, Archives Office of NSW, Sydney. BPA AAV Board for the Protection of Aborigines (Victoria), records, Australian Archives, Melbourne. BPA PRV Board for the Protection of the Aborigines (Victoria) records, Public Records of Victoria, Laverton. CD Charles Duguid Papers, National Library of Australia, Canberra EDU Education Department Files, Archives Office of NSW, Sydney. FC Feminist Club Papers, Mitchell Library, Sydney JKS Papers of Joan Kingsley-Strack, National Library of Australia, Canberra NSWPD New South Wales Parliamentary Debates, State Library of NSW, Sydney OP Olive Pink Papers, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra PDCF Premier’s Department Correspondence Files, NSW, Archives Office of NSW, Sydney. PITSG Parramatta Industrial Training School for Girls records, Archives Office of NSW, Sydney. PMGD Postmaster General’s department records, National Archives of Australia, Sydney. RP Sir Robert Archdale Parkhill Papers, National Library of Australia, Canberra UAW United Associations of Women Papers, Mitchell Library, Sydney. Notes Chapter 1 1 See Carolyn G. Heilbrun, Writing a Woman’s Life (New York: Ballantine Books, 1998), 39, 68. 2 M. E. McGuire, ‘The Legend of the Good Fella Missus’, Aboriginal History, vol. 14, no. 2 (1990), 124–51; M. Tonkinson, ‘Sisterhood or Aboriginal Servitude? Black Women and White Women on the Australian Frontier’, Aboriginal History vol. 12, no. 1 (1988), 27–39; L. Riddett, ‘“Watching the White Women Fade”: Aboriginal and White Women in the Northern Territory 1870–1940’, Hecate, vol. 19, no. 1 (1991), 73–92. 3 Jackie Huggins, Jo Willmot, Isabel Tarrago, Kathy Willetts, Liz Bond, Lillian Holt, Eleanor Bourke, Maryann Bin-Salik, Pat Fowell, Joann Schmider, Valerie Craigie and Linda McBride-Levi, ‘Letter to the Editors’, Women’s Studies International Forum, vol. 1, no. 5 (1991), 505–13, 506. 4 J. K. S. to Elkin, 19 January [1938]: AE. Notes on Wallaga Lake, n.d.: JKS NLA MS 9551. 5 S. Gilbert and S. Gubar, quoted in Heilbrun, Writing a Woman’s Life (1988), 33. Chapter 2 1 Notes, written c. early 1920s and dated ‘1918’: JKS. 2 Notes, n.d.; Diary entry (recollections), 12 December 1936: JKS. 3 Diary entry, 1 May 1934 (retrospective); J. K. S. to solicitor, 17 May 1943: JKS. 4 Dengue fever – an infectious tropical viral disease, causing fever and acute joint pain. 5 Mary to J. K. S., n.d., c. early 1920s, addressed from East Kew, Melbourne: JKS. 6 Judith Rollins, Between Women: Domestics and Their Employers (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1985), 157. 7 J. Stobo to M. Stobo, 19 December 1924: JKS. 8 J. K. S. to Morley, 31[March 1934]: AE. 9 APB Minutes, 14 May 1926: APB. 10 Sydney Morning Herald, 29 October 1924, 12; 9 January 1925, 8; 10 January 1925, 16; 11 February 1925, 16. APB Minutes, 13 May 1927, 8 July 1927: APB. 11 Raymond Evans, ‘A Gun in the Oven: Masculinism and Gendered Violence’, in Kay Saunders and Raymond Evans, eds. Gender Relations in Australia: Domination and Negotiation (Sydney: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992), 203. 12 J. K. S. to an unnamed recipient (possibly never sent), 16 October 1926: JKS. 13 J. K. S. to Morley, 31[March 1934]: AE. 14 Jean Magill to J. K. S., 21 October 1926: JKS. 249 250 Notes Chapter 3 1 Over 70 per cent of the removed children listed on the Protection Board’s registers were female. Furthermore, 73 per cent of those girls were placed in indentures as compared to only a quarter of the boys who were removed. See Heather Goodall, ‘“Assimilation begins in the home”: the state and Aboriginal women’s work as mothers in New South Wales, 1900 to 1960s’, Ann McGrath and Kay Saunders eds. Labour History: Aboriginal Workers, No. 69 (Sydney: Australian Society for the Study of Labour History, 1995), 81–4. Heather Goodall, ‘“Saving the Children”: Gender and the Colonization of Aboriginal Children in NSW, 1788 to 1990’, Aboriginal Law Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 44 (June 1990), 6. Victoria Haskins ‘“A Better Chance”? Sexual Abuse and the Apprenticeship of Aboriginal Girls under the NSW Aborigines Protection Board’, Aboriginal History, vol. 28 (2004), 43. 2 The Sydney Morning Herald, 20 December 1876, p. 3; cited Susan Lindsay Johnston, ‘The New South Wales Government Policy towards Aborigines, 1880 to 1909’, MA thesis, University of Sydney (1970), 28. 3 Anthony Trollope, Australia and New Zealand, vol. II (Leipzig, 1873), 151, 256; cited William J. Lines, Taming the Great South Land: A History of the Conquest of Nature in Australia (North Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1991), 115. 4 See Ann Curthoys, ‘Good Christians and Useful Workers: Aborigines, Church and State in NSW 1870–1883’, Sydney Labour History Group, What Rough Beast? The State and Social Order in Australian History (Sydney: George Allen & Unwin, 1982), 50–1. 5 Henry Reynolds, The Law of the Land (Ringwood: Penguin, 1987), 32–4. 6 NSWPD, 24 November 1914, 1353–5. 7 NSWPD, 15 December 1909, 4550. 8 APBR 1911. 9 NSWPD, 27 January 1915, 1951, 1967. 10 NSWPD, 24 November 1914, 1353. 11 APB minutes, 18 April 1912: APB. 12 Heather Radi, entry on G. E. Ardill, in Bede Nairn and Geoffrey Serle, eds. Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 7, 1891–1939 (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1979), 90, 91. 13 Jim Fletcher, ‘Transcript of an interview with Mr A C Pettitt in June 1977, re Aboriginal education’, AIATSIS PMS 5380, 8. 14 APB minutes, 15 March 1915. 15 Copy letter, Pettitt to Hon. Secretaries, Local Committees, 28 March 1914; Circulars Nos. 5 (6 April 1914); 18 (7 August 1914); 35 (10 November 1914); APB Copies of Letters Sent 1914–1927: APB. 16 APB minutes, 6 April 1916; see also 15 March 1915: APB. 17 NSWPD 24 November 1914, 1354. 18 APB minutes, 6 April 1916, 26 April 1917, 6 December 1917: APB. 19 Merri Gill, Weilmoringle: A Unique Bi-cultural Community (Dubbo: Development and Advisory Publications of Australia, 1996), 40, 41, citing George Magill to Donald Mackay, 27 December 1913. Notes 251 20 Jean Magill to J. K. S., 2 April 1926: JKS. 21 APB minutes, 22 March 1900, 26 April 1900, 31 May 1900: APB. 22 APB minutes, 7 July 1898, 6 October 1898, 19 June 1906, 3 July 1906, 11 May 1911: APB. 23 APB minutes, 21 April 1892, 19 May 1892, 16 August 1900, 27 September 1900, 4 October 1900, 29 November 1900, 3 January 1901, 31 January 1901: APB. Tilba Tilba Progress Committee Minutes, 31 March 1892, 7 April 1892, 5 May 1892 (supplied by Laurelle Pacey, personal communication 1995). 24 Jennifer Sabbioni, ‘Aboriginal Women’s Narratives: Reconstructing Identities’, Australian Historical Studies, vol. 27, no. 106 (April 1996), 76. 25 Phillip Pepper and Tess de Araugo, What Did Happen to the Aborigines of Victoria, vol. 1: The Kurnai of Gippsland (Melbourne: Hyland House, 1985), 145; Phillip Pepper and Tess De Araugo, You Are What You Make Yourself To Be: The Story of a Victorian Aboriginal Family 1842–1980 (Melbourne: Hyland House, 1989), 73. 26 C. H. Grove, in The Gap magazine, 1925: quoted in P. D. Gardner, Gippsland Massacres: The Destruction of the Kurnai Tribes 1800–1860 (Victoria: Ngarak Press, 1993), 83. 27 Bain Attwood, ‘Charles Hammond: Aboriginal Battler’, Gippsland Heritage Journal, vol. 3, no. 2 (1988), 16. 28 ‘My Heart is Breaking’, A Joint Guide to Records about Aboriginal People in the Public Records Office of Victoria and the Australian Archives, Victorian Regional Office, Canberra: Australian Government Printing Office, 1993, 112 M.
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