Despliegue Wimax En La Creación De Ambientes Digitales, Para El Desarrollo Económico, Social Y Cultural

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Despliegue Wimax En La Creación De Ambientes Digitales, Para El Desarrollo Económico, Social Y Cultural Campus Ciudad de México Escuela de Graduados en Ingeniería y Arquitectura Tesis Despliegue WiMAX en la creación de ambientes digitales, para el desarrollo económico, social y cultural Para la obtención del grado de •.__ ' .· : TE-CMOLÓGICO 1 1 Maestro en Administración de las ~<t~~· · OE rvHJNTERRE' Telecomunicaciones Biblioteca Autor: Emeterio Mosso Zempoalteca Director: Dr. Carlos Viguri Bretón Sinodales: Dr. Guillermo A. Parra Rodriguez Dr. José Ramón Alvarez Bada Agosto 2008 \<? .slS ñ~ s-·los· y· .~ \~g Dedicatoria En la memoria de mi maravi11osa madre, y padre que me pusieron en éste camino. Agradecimientos Al Dr. Carlos Viguri Bretón por su motivación, paciencia y enseñanza. A mis sinodales Dr. Guillermo Alfonso Parra Rodríguez y Dr. José Ramón Álvarez Bada por sus aportaciones constructivas en la elaboración de este proyecto y sus motivaciones tanto profesionales como personales. A mi familia por ser mi faente de inspiración. A mis amigos de México y Colombia por enseñarme la bondad de la fraternidad. , Indice Introducción general. ......................................................................... 1 Delimitación y definición del problema .................................................. 2 Objetivos ....................................................................................... 3 Objetivos mediatos ........................................................................... 3 Justificación .................................................................................... 3 Capítulo 1 Situación de complejidad en las telecomunicaciones y en las TIC 1.1 Introducción ...................................................................... 5 1.2 México como Estado-Nación y el Sistema Global. ................................. 6 1.3 Servicios en las Telecomunicaciones ................................................ 7 1.4 Complejidad en las Telecomunicaciones y en las TIC. ............................ ! O 1.5 Papel de los sectores público y privado ...................................... 21 1.6 Conclusiones ...................................................................... 22 Capítulo 2 TIC como estrategia para el desarrollo económico, social y cultural del país 2.1 Introducción ...................................................................... 23 2.2 Hacia una sociedad de la información y conocimiento ..................... 24 2.3 Ambientes digitales (espacios, entornos, lugares) ........................... 31 2.4 Casos de éxito ..................................................................... 36 2.5 Conclusiones ....................................................................... 37 Capítulo 3 Tecnologías de redes de datos 3.l lntroducción ...................................................................... 38 3.2 Tecnologías de comunicación ........................................................... 38 3.3 Tecnología WiMAX ............................................................ 46 3.4 Seguridad en redes de datos y salud del usuario .............................. 58 3.5 Factores clave de éxito ............................................................ 66 3.6 Conclusiones ..................................................................... 69 Capítulo 4 Modelo Tecnológico Estratégico para la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento (MOTESIC) 4.1 Introducción ...................................................................... 70 4.2 Análisis nación sistema de México .............................................. 71 4.3 Estructura gramsciana de identificación de clases y reproducción de la cultura ..................................................... 76 4.4 Diagrama del MOTESIC ........................................................ 77 4.5 El Bosque de Chapultepec, un ambiente digital. .............................. 79 4.6 El paradigma de cambio .......................................................... 94 4.7 Conclusiones ..................................................................... 98 Conclusiones generales ............................................................................................ 99 Potencial a futuros ........................................................................... 100 Lista de tablas ................................................................................. 1O I Lista de figuras ................................................................................... 102 Glosario de términos ................................................................................................ 109 Anexos ....................................................................................................................... 104 Bibliografia ............................................................................................................... 1 1 1 Introducción general El uso de nuevas infraestructuras de comunicación ha traído consigo una nueva manera de entender y visualizar el mundo. Asimismo, han sido una herramienta útil para reducir diferentes obstáculos sociales y económicos que encaran las naciones en vías de desarrollo. Con ello la globalización de Internet ha marcado las pautas para el nuevo paradigma de información y comunicación de las sociedades. De acuerdo a la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). eligió a Internet como la plataforma para lograr una sociedad basada en la información y conocimiento. asimismo en la reunión de la cumbre mundial sobre la sociedad de la información (2003-2005) se definió que la sociedad bajo este paradigma se encuentra "centrada en la persona"'. quien mediante el uso de Internet puede "crear, consultar, utilizar y compartir información y en mejor grado el conocimiento para que pueda emplear plenamente sus posibilidades en la promoción de su desarrollo sostenible y en la mejora de su calidad de vida" [WOR-00]. Por otro lado, la proliferación de Internet no sólo ha dependido del progreso tecnológico, sino también de las políticas públicas (infraestructura y programas de acceso a las telecomunicaciones para la población), la participación del sector privado y la sociedad en su conjunto. Aprovechar sus beneficios puede llevarnos a un macro efecto para beneficio de toda la esfera social de México; sin embargo dadas las características históricas del elemento político en el ejercicio del poder, ante la tecnología, suelen demorarla. Ésta figura paternalista del estado en nuestras sociedades ha eliminado todo cambio que represente una oportunidad y un reto para salir del atraso tecnológico, que por décadas ha polarizado a la mayoría de la población, abriendo brechas mayores entre las personas que cuentan con niveles dignos de vida y las que no. El presente trabajo de investigación pretende brindar las pautas para adoptar la tecnología de red de Internet inalámbrica metropolitana denominada WiMAX (Worldwide !nteroperability for Microwave Access por sus siglas en inglés o lnteroperabilidad Mundial para Acceso por Microondas) para el Bosque de Chapultepec de la Ciudad de México y con ello brindar nuevos usos a los espacios de la ciudad. El nuevo ambiente pretende ser un lugar para el trabajo, el aprendizaje, estudio, entretenimiento, entre otros propósitos. En mis observaciones, aparece un comportamiento singular del Jefe de Gobierno del Distrito Federal, Marcelo Ebrard Casaubón, interesado en dotar a la ciudadanía gradualmente, una infraestructura con ingredientes propios de la sociedad de la informac,ión y conocimiento, esto lo confirmé en el transcurso de la investigación de la tesis al saber que el Centro Histórico capitalino de la Ciudad de México cuenta ya con redes inalámbricas Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity, por su acrónimo en inglés) con el fin de crear una ciudad digital. Ante esta dinámica tecnológica en el contexto de la economía global (basada en la información y conocimiento), para México el desafio es grande ya que implica establecer diversas estrategias sustentables a efecto de ir avanzando hacia el desarrollo económico, social y cultural, del país. Con todos los aspectos mencionados anteriormente, se abre un área de oportunidad para la elaboración de este proyecto. El mismo se divide en cuatro capítulos; el primer capítulo aborda el estado del arte de las telecomunicaciones, la situación de las mismas tanto en la nación sistema México como en el sistema global. Asimismo se hace referencia a los aparatos reguladores encargados de la desregulación, privatización y liberación del sector. El segundo capítulo tiene como propósito analizar la importancia de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) como una vía para mejorar la calidad de vida de la sociedad y cuyo propósito ha sido el de avanzar hacia una sociedad de la información y conocimiento; a su vez se definen los ambientes, entornos, espacios, lugares digitales. los cuales serán un lugar abierto para la población. El tercer capítulo hace referencia a las principales tecnologías de redes de datos y se describe la naturaleza de las mismas. Dentro de éste capítulo se aborda las características y tendencias hacia la tecnología inalámbrica, se hace énfasis en la tecnología WiMAX y se aborda una comparación con otras tecnologías existentes. Asimismo se hace referencia a la seguridad en redes inalámbricas, actualmente importante para el manejo y protección de la información, las cuestiones de salud en torno a las transmisiones inalámbricas. con esto último se abordan aspectos relacionados con las ondas electromagnéticas en nuestra salud. En el cuarto y último capítulo, se propone un Modelo Tecnológico Estratégico para la Sociedad
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