An Update Review of Globally Reported SARS-Cov-2 Vaccines in Preclinical and Clinical Stages
International Immunopharmacology 96 (2021) 107763 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Immunopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/intimp Review An update review of globally reported SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preclinical and clinical stages Hamid Motamedi a, Marzie Mahdizade Ari b, Shirin Dashtbin b, Matin Fathollahi a, Hadi Hossainpour a, Amirhoushang Alvandi a,c, Jale Moradi a, Ramin Abiri a,d,* a Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran b Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran c Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran d Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the rapidly spreading COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 in the world. As an effective therapeutic strategy is not introduced yet and the rapid genetic SARS-CoV-2 variations in the virus, there is an emerging necessity to design, evaluate and apply effective new vaccines. An Vaccines acceptable vaccine must elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses, must have the least side effects and the storage and transport systems should be available and affordable for all countries. These vaccines can be classified into different types: inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated virus vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), nucleic acid-based vaccines (DNA and RNA) and recombinant vector-based vaccines (repli cating and non-replicating viral vector). According to the latest update of the WHO report on April 2nd, 2021, at least 85 vaccine candidates were being studied in clinical trial phases and 184 candidate vaccines were being evaluated in pre-clinical stages.
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