Hand Hygiene: the Basics Introduction
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Globalization and Infectious Diseases: a Review of the Linkages
TDR/STR/SEB/ST/04.2 SPECIAL TOPICS NO.3 Globalization and infectious diseases: A review of the linkages Social, Economic and Behavioural (SEB) Research UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) The "Special Topics in Social, Economic and Behavioural (SEB) Research" series are peer-reviewed publications commissioned by the TDR Steering Committee for Social, Economic and Behavioural Research. For further information please contact: Dr Johannes Sommerfeld Manager Steering Committee for Social, Economic and Behavioural Research (SEB) UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization 20, Avenue Appia CH-1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] TDR/STR/SEB/ST/04.2 Globalization and infectious diseases: A review of the linkages Lance Saker,1 MSc MRCP Kelley Lee,1 MPA, MA, D.Phil. Barbara Cannito,1 MSc Anna Gilmore,2 MBBS, DTM&H, MSc, MFPHM Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum,1 D.Phil. 1 Centre on Global Change and Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK 2 European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (ECOHOST) London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK TDR/STR/SEB/ST/04.2 Copyright © World Health Organization on behalf of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases 2004 All rights reserved. The use of content from this health information product for all non-commercial education, training and information purposes is encouraged, including translation, quotation and reproduction, in any medium, but the content must not be changed and full acknowledgement of the source must be clearly stated. -
Supporting a Person with Washing and Dressing
Factsheet 504LP Supporting a January 2021 person with washing and dressing As a person’s dementia progresses, they will need more help with everyday activities such as washing, bathing and dressing. For most adults, these are personal and private activities, so it can be hard for everyone to adjust to this change. You can support a person with dementia to wash and dress in a way that respects their preferences and their dignity. This factsheet is written for carers. It offers practical tips to help with washing, bathing, dressing and personal grooming. 2 Supporting a person with washing and dressing Contents n How dementia affects washing and dressing — Focusing on the person — Allowing enough time — Making washing and dressing a positive experience — Creating the right environment n Supporting the person with washing and bathing — How to help the person with washing, bathing and showering: tips for carers — Aids and equipment — Skincare and nails — Handwashing and dental care — Washing, drying and styling hair — Hair removal — Using the toilet n Dressing — Helping a person dress and feel comfortable: tips for carers — Shopping for clothes together: tips for carers n Personal grooming — Personal grooming: tips for carers n When a person doesn’t want to change their clothes or wash n Other useful organisations 3 Supporting a person with washing and dressing Supporting a person with washing and dressing How dementia affects washing and dressing The way a person dresses and presents themselves can be an important part of their identity. Getting ready each day is a very personal and private activity – and one where a person may be used to privacy, and making their own decisions. -
Environmental Sanitation and Water Borne Diseases
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION AND WATER BORNE DISEASES Dr.Harpreet Singh MD, DM (Gastroenterology) COMPONENTS OF ENVIRNOMENTAL SANITATION • WATER SANITATION • FOOD AND MILK SANITATION • EXCRETA DISPOSAL • SEWAGE DISPOSAL • REFUSE DISPOSAL • VECTOR AND VERMIN CONTROL • HOUSING • AIR SANITATION WATER SANITATION WATER ANALYSIS CONSISTS OF: • PHYSICAL • CHEMICAL • RADIOLOGICAL • BIOLOGICAL • BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER SANITATION • PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY MUST BE- – SAFE – REASONABLY SOFT – PLENTIFUL – CHEAP WATER SANITATION • HOUSEHOLD TREATMENT OF WATER – BOILING, i.e., beyond 2 minutes – CHLORINATION- 1-5ppm – IODINE TREATMENT- 10 drops per gallon – FILTRATION – AERATION What is a Water-Borne Disease? • “Pathogenic microbes that can be directly spread through contaminated water.” -CDC • Humans contract waterborne infections by contact with contaminated water or food. • May result from human actions, such as improper disposal of sewage wastes, or extreme weather events like storms and hurricanes. Climate Change Promotes Water-borne Disease • Rainfall: transport and disseminates infectious agents • Flooding: sewage treatment plants overflow; water sources contaminated • Sea level rise: enhances risk of severe flooding • Higher temperatures: Increases growth and prolongs survival rates of infectious agents • Drought: increases concentrations of pathogens, impedes hygiene Water Quantity and Quality Issues IPCC, 2007a Burden of Waterborne Disease • 1.8 million deaths (4 million cases) in 2004 due to gastroenteritis (WHO) – 88% due to unsafe water and poor sanitation Prüss-Üstün et al., 2008 Burden of Diarrheal Diseases • Diarrheal diseases are vastly underestimated – 211 million cases estimated in the US annually (Mead et al., 1999) Reported cases Actual cases > 38 x reported cases Diarrheal Disease Pathways Prüss-Üstün et al., 2008 CHOLERA Cholera • Found in water or food Global Prevalence of Cholera (WHO) sources contaminated by feces from an infected person • Transmitted by contaminated food, water • Prevalence increases with increasing temperature and rainfall amounts V. -
Guidelines for the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS World Health Organization GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World Health Organization. Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections. 1.Sexually transmitted diseases - diagnosis 2.Sexually transmitted diseases - therapy 3.Anti-infective agents - therapeutic use 4.Practice guidelines I.Expert Consultation on Improving the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections (2001 : Geneva, Switzerland) ISBN 92 4 154626 3 (NLM classifi cation: WC 142) © World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specifi c companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. -
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
July 2018 About Water, Sanitation and UNICEF The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Hygiene (WASH) works in more than 190 countries and territories to put children first. UNICEF WASH and Children has helped save more Globally, 2.3 billion people lack access to basic children’s lives than sanitation services and 844 million people lack any other humanitarian organization, by providing access to clean drinking water. The lack of health care and immuni these basic necessities isn’t just inconvenient zations, safe water and — it’s lethal. sanitation, nutrition, education, emergency relief Over 800 children die every day — about 1 and more. UNICEF USA supports UNICEF’s work every 2 minutes — from diarrhea due to unsafe through fundraising, drinking water, poor sanitation, or poor advocacy and education in hygiene. Suffering and death from diseases the United States. Together, like pneumonia, trachoma, scabies, skin we are working toward the and eye infections, cholera and dysentery day when no children die from preventable causes could be prevented by scaling up access and every child has a safe to adequate water supply and sanitation and healthy childhood. facilities and eliminating open defecation. For more information, visit unicefusa.org. Ensuring access to water and sanitation in UNICEF has helped schools can also help reduce the number of increase school children who miss out on their education — enrollment in Malawi through the provision especially girls. Scaling up access to WASH of safe drinking water. also supports efforts to protect vulnerable © UNICEF/UN040976/RICH children from violence, exploitation and abuse, since women and girls bear the heaviest Today, UNICEF has WASH programs in 113 burden in water collection, often undertaking countries to promote the survival, protection long, unsafe journeys to collect water. -
Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel
Core Concepts for Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel 1 Presenter Russ Olmsted, MPH, CIC Director, Infection Prevention & Control Trinity Health, Livonia, MI Contributions by Heather M. Gilmartin, NP, PhD, CIC Denver VA Medical Center University of Colorado Laraine Washer, MD University of Michigan Health System 2 Learning Objectives • Outline the importance of effective hand hygiene for protection of healthcare personnel and patients • Describe proper hand hygiene techniques, including when various techniques should be used 3 Why is Hand Hygiene Important? • The microbes that cause healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be transmitted on the hands of healthcare personnel • Hand hygiene is one of the MOST important ways to prevent the spread of infection 1 out of every 25 patients has • Too often healthcare personnel do a healthcare-associated not clean their hands infection – In fact, missed opportunities for hand hygiene can be as high as 50% (Chassin MR, Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 2015; Yanke E, Am J Infect Control, 2015; Magill SS, N Engl J Med, 2014) 4 Environmental Surfaces Can Look Clean but… • Bacteria can survive for days on patient care equipment and other surfaces like bed rails, IV pumps, etc. • It is important to use hand hygiene after touching these surfaces and at exit, even if you only touched environmental surfaces Boyce JM, Am J Infect Control, 2002; WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care, WHO, 2009 5 Hands Make Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) and Other Microbes Mobile (Image from CDC, Vital Signs: MMWR, 2016) 6 When Should You Clean Your Hands? 1. Before touching a patient 2. -
WASH Pledge: Guiding Principles a Business Commitment to WASH
WASH Pledge: Guiding principles A business commitment to WASH In collaboration with 22 WASHWASH Pledge:Pledge: GuidingGuiding principlesprinciples Contents Foreword | 4 Summary | 5 Introduction | 6 WBCSD Pledge for access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene | 9 Guiding principles | 10 Guidance on water, sanitation and hygiene at the workplace | 13 WASH at the workplace: points of reference for WASH Pledge self-assessment | 13 1. General 13 2. Workplace water supply 14 3. Workplace sanitation 15 4. Workplace hygiene and behavior change 16 5. Value/supply chain WASH 17 6. Community WASH 17 Educational and behavior change activities | 18 WASH across the value chain | 20 WASH Pledge self-assessment tool for business | 24 3 WASH Pledge: Guiding principles Foreword Today, over 785 million people healthier population and increased and quality, within their operations are still without access to safe productivity.3 and across their value chain, in drinking water, another 2.2 billion all global markets. As employers lack safely managed drinking A proposed first step in and members of society, we water services and an estimated accelerating business action is for encourage businesses to 4.2 billion lack access to safely companies to commit to WBCSD’s commit to the Pledge to ensure managed sanitation services.1 Pledge for Access to Safe Water, appropriate access to safe water, This is incompatible not only Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH sanitation and hygiene for their with the World Business Council Pledge). This Pledge aims to have own employees, thus making a for Sustainable Development’s businesses commit to securing direct contribution to addressing (WBCSD) Vision 2050, where nine appropriate access to safe WASH one of the most pressing public billion people are able to live well for all employees in all premises health challenges of our times. -
Clean Your Hands in the Context of Covid-19
WHO SAVE LIVES: CLEAN YOUR HANDS IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 Hand Hygiene in the Community You can play a critical part in fighting COVID-19 • Hands have a crucial role in the transmission of COVID-19. • COVID-19 virus primarily spreads through droplet and contact transmission. Contact transmission means by touching infected people and/or contaminated objects or surfaces. Thus, your hands can spread virus to other surfaces and/or to your mouth, nose or eyes if you touch them. Why is Hand Hygiene so important in preventing infections, including COVID-19? • Hand Hygiene is one of the most effective actions you can take • Community members can play a critical role in fighting COVID-19 to reduce the spread of pathogens and prevent infections, by adopting frequent hand hygiene as part of their day-to-day including the COVID-19 virus. practices. https://www.who.int/news-room/campaigns/connecting-the-world-to-combat-coronavirus/safehands-challengeJoin the #SAFEHANDS challenge now and save lives! Post a video or picture of yourself washing your hands and tag #SAFEHANDS https://www.who.int/who-documents-detail/interim-recommendations-on-obligatory-hand-hygiene-against-transmission-of-covid-19WHO calls upon policy makers to provide • the necessary infrastructure to allow people to eectively perform hand hygiene in public places; • to support hand hygiene supplies and best practices in health care facilities. Hand Hygiene in Health Care Why is it important to participate in the WHO global hand hygiene campaign for the fight against COVID-19? • The WHO global hand hygiene campaign SAVEhttps://www.who.int/infection-prevention/campaigns/clean-hands/en/ LIVES: Clean Your Hands mobilizes people around the world to increase adherence to hand hygiene in health care facilities, thus protecting health care workers and patient from COVID-19 and other pathogens. -
Hand Hygiene Behaviors in a Representative Sample of Polish
pathogens Article Hand Hygiene Behaviors in a Representative Sample of Polish Adolescents in Regions Stratified by COVID-19 Morbidity and by Confounding Variables (PLACE-19 Study): Is There Any Association? Dominika Skolmowska 1, Dominika Gł ˛abska 1,* and Dominika Guzek 2 1 Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-22-593-71-34 Received: 1 October 2020; Accepted: 28 November 2020; Published: 1 December 2020 Abstract: The hand hygiene may possibly influence the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, but the multifactorial influence on hand hygiene knowledge and behaviors is proven. The aim of the study was to analyze hand hygiene behaviors in a national representative sample of Polish adolescents in regions stratified by COVID-19 morbidity, while taking socioeconomic status of the region, as well rural or urban environment, into account as possible interfering factors. The study was conducted Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study population (n = 2323) that was recruited based on a random sampling of schools, while the pair-matching procedure was applied within schools and age, in order to obtain adequate number of boys and girls, representative for the general Polish population (n = 1222). The participants were asked about their handwashing habits while using Handwashing Habits Questionnaire (HHQ) and about applied procedure of washing hands. -
Controlling Chemical Exposure Industrial Hygiene Fact Sheets
Controlling Chemical Exposure Industrial Hygiene Fact Sheets Concise guidance on 16 components of industrial hygiene controls New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Occupational Health Service PO Box 360 Trenton, NJ 08625-0360 609-984-1863 October 2000 James E. McGreevey Clifton R. Lacy, M.D. Governor Commissioner Written by: Eileen Senn, MS, CIH Occupational Health Surveillance Program James S. Blumenstock Senior Assistant Commissioner Public Health Protection and Prevention Programs Eddy Bresnitz, MD, MS State Epidemiologist/Assistant Commissioner Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Kathleen O’Leary, MS Director Occupational Health Service David Valiante, MS, CIH Acting Program Manager Occupational Health Surveillance Program Funding: This project was supported in part by a cooperative agreement from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Reproduction: The NJDHSS encourages the copying and distribution of all or parts of this booklet. All materials are in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission. Cita- tion as to the source is appreciated. This document is available on the Internet at: www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/survweb/ihfs.pdf Citation: Senn, E., Controlling Chemical Exposure; Industrial Hygiene Fact Sheets, Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, October 2000. Table of Contents Methods for Controlling -
Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Recommendations and Reports / Vol. 70 / No. 4 July 23, 2021 Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recommendations and Reports CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................1 Methods ....................................................................................................................1 Clinical Prevention Guidance ............................................................................2 STI Detection Among Special Populations ............................................... 11 HIV Infection ......................................................................................................... 24 Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers ............... 27 Syphilis ................................................................................................................... 39 Management of Persons Who Have a History of Penicillin Allergy .. 56 Diseases Characterized by Urethritis and Cervicitis ............................... 60 Chlamydial Infections ....................................................................................... 65 Gonococcal Infections ...................................................................................... 71 Mycoplasma genitalium .................................................................................... 80 Diseases Characterized -
Age Distribution of Influenza-Like Illness+ (ILI) Cases in New Hampshire
Bureau of Infectious Disease Control Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Guidance for Long-term Care Facilities (LTCF) March 12, 2020 Persons older than 60 years and those with chronic medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease may be at higher risk for severe illness and death from COVID-19. Long-term care facilities have experience managing respiratory infections and outbreaks among residents and staff and should apply the same outbreak management principles to COVID-19. These recommendations are specific for nursing homes, including skilled nursing facilities, and may be applicable to some assisted living facilities. The New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services (DPHS) recommends adherence to CMS Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nursing homes. Based on the regional epidemiology, we suggest limiting visitation (rather than the more permissive “discouraging visitation”) as described in CMS guidance. Facilities may elect to implement stricter visitor policies, according to their circumstances including resources and setting. Facilities should immediately implement active screening of visitors. Visitors should be instructed to wash hands or use alcohol-based hand rub upon entry. NH DPHS provides a visitor screening tool here for facilities to utilize. Note this is modified from the CMS tool to more accurately reflect the evolving epidemic. The NH screening tool assesses visitors for the following: o Signs or symptoms of respiratory infection, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, or sore throat. o In the last 14 days, contact with someone with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, or who is under investigation for COVID-19, or is ill with respiratory illness.