Diving Gear List for Non-NOAA Students
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Experimental Study of Nearshore Dynamics on a Barred Beach with Rip Channels Merrick C
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. C6, 3061, 10.1029/2001JC000955, 2002 Experimental study of nearshore dynamics on a barred beach with rip channels Merrick C. Haller1 Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Robert A. Dalrymple and Ib A. Svendsen Center for Applied Coastal Research, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA Received 4 May 2001; revised 17 October 2001; accepted 6 November 2001; published 28 June 2002. [ 1 ] Wave and current measurements are presented from a set of laboratory experiments performed on a fixed barred beach with periodically spaced rip channels using a range of incident wave conditions. The data demonstrate that the presence of gaps in otherwise longshore uniform bars dominates the nearshore circulation system for the incident wave conditions considered. For example, nonzero cross-shore flow and the presence of longshore pressure gradients, both resulting from the presence of rip channels, are not restricted to the immediate vicinity of the channels but instead are found to span almost the entire length of the longshore bars. In addition, the combination of breaker type and location is the dominant driving mechanism of the nearshore flow, and both are found to be strongly influenced by the variable bathymetry and the presence of a strong rip current. The depth-averaged currents are calculated from the measured velocities assuming conservation of mass across the measurement grid. The terms in both the cross-shore and longshore momentum balances are calculated, and their relative magnitudes are quantified. The cross-shore balance is shown to be dominated by the cross-shore pressure and radiation stress gradients in general agreement with previous results, however, the rip current is shown to influence the wave breaking and the wave-induced setup in the rip channel. -
Inquest Finding
Coroners Act 1996 [Section 26(1)] Western Australia RECORD OF INVESTIGATION INTO DEATH Ref No: 18/17 I, Barry Paul King, Coroner, having investigated the death of Jarrod Arthur Hampton with an inquest held at the Perth Coroner’s Court on 15 May 2017 to 18 May 2017 and on 22 May 2017 to 26 May 2017, find that the identity of the deceased person was Jarrod Arthur Hampton and that death occurred on 14 April 2012 in the waters of the Indian Ocean approximately 90 nautical miles south of Broome from drowning secondary to incapacitation from air embolism in the following circumstances: Counsel Appearing: Sergeant L Housiaux assisted the Coroner Ms G A Archer SC (instructed by Corrs Chambers Westgarth) and Mr N D Ellery appeared for Paspaley Pearling Company Pty Ltd Mr A Coote appeared for the deceased’s family Mr P Hopwood appeared for the Pearl Producers Association Ms H C Richardson (State Solicitors Office) appeared for WorkSafe Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 2 THE EVIDENCE ................................................................................................................ 4 THE DECEASED ............................................................................................................... 8 THE DECEASED’S DIVING BACKGROUND ....................................................................... 9 THE DECEASED’S SHOULDER AND PECTORALIS MAJOR .............................................. 10 THE DECEASED JOINS -
The Dietary Preferences, Depth Range and Size of the Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster Spp.) on the Coral Reefs of Koh Tao, Thailand by Leon B
The dietary preferences, depth range and size of the Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster spp.) on the coral reefs of Koh Tao, Thailand By Leon B. Haines Author: Leon Haines 940205001 Supervisors: New Heaven Reef Conservation Program: Chad Scott Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences: Peter Hofman 29/09/2015 The dietary preferences, depth range and size of the Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster spp.) on the coral reefs of Koh Tao, Thailand Author: Leon Haines 940205001 Supervisors: New Heaven Reef Conservation Program: Chad Scott Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences: Peter Hofman 29/09/2015 Cover image:(NHRCP, 2015) 2 Preface This paper is written in light of my 3rd year project based internship of Integrated Coastal Zone management major marine biology at the Van Hall Larenstein University of applied science. My internship took place at the New Heaven Reef Conservation Program on the island of Koh Tao, Thailand. During my internship I performed a study on the corallivorous Crown of Thorns starfish, which is threatening the coral reefs of Koh Tao due to high density ‘outbreaks’. Understanding the biology of this threat is vital for developing effective conservation strategies to protect the vulnerable reefs on which the islands environment, community and economy rely. Very special thanks to Chad Scott, program director of the New Heaven Reef Conservation program, for supervising and helping me make this possible. Thanks to Devrim Zahir. Thanks to the New Heaven Reef Conservation team; Ploy, Pau, Rahul and Spencer. Thanks to my supervisor at Van Hall Larenstein; Peter Hofman. 3 Abstract Acanthaster is a specialized coral-feeder and feeds nearly solely, 90-95%, on sleractinia (reef building corals), preferably Acroporidae and Pocilloporidae families. -
Bill's Cave Diving Lexicon
Bill’s Cave Diving Lexicon 120 Rule: Noticing from the Navy NDL table that, for certain depths, depth + bottom time = 120 so that the NDL can be determined by subtracting the depth from 120. 200 DIN: Thread depth in a DIN valve and associated pressure (200 BAR) that can be handled. This size (7 threads) allows for a DIN to yoke conversion. 300 DIN: Thread depth in a DIN valve that provides the most secure (9 threads) connection and can withstand 300 BAR pressure. 5 nines pure: 99.999% pure, as in a gas. 50-50: Gas mix of 50% oxygen and 50% nitrogen used for decompression gas. 6351-T6 Aluminum Alloy: Alloy that has had problems with tank ruptures. Absolute Pressure: Total pressure being exerted on a diver At sea level Absolute pressure is 1 ATA and it increases by 1 ATA for each 33fsw (34ffw). ADDD (Air, Duration, Depth, Distance): Limits for dive termination acronym minimum Air volume/pressure, maximum Duration of dive, maximum Depth of dive, and maximum Distance of penetration. ADV (Automatic Deflation Valve, and Automatic Diluent Valve ): Device on a buoyancy compensator that allows for rapid air purging, and device on a rebreather that dilutes the breathing mix. AGE (Arterial Gas Embolism): A lung expansion injury. A condition in which gas bubbles enter the arterial system and cause damage by blocking blood flow to vital organs, most commonly the brain. This is generally caused by air passing through the walls of the alveoli into the bloodstream. Air: A gas mixture of Oxygen (21%), Nitrogen (78%), and other gasses (1%, Helium, Argon, etc.). -
Diving Accident / Incident Report Form
DIVING ACCIDENT / INCIDENT REPORT FORM NOTE: FAU Scientific Divers shall use this form to report diving related accidents, injuries, and incidents including; near-drowning, decompression sickness, gas embolism, lung overexpansion, or injuries that require hospitalization as well as any incidents that compromised diver safety or might result in later hospitalization, therapy, or litigation. FAU Dive Logs for all dives related to the accident / incident must also be submitted with this report. Contact the FAU Dive Safety Officer at 561-297-3129 with questions about whether or not to report an incident. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ACCIDENT/ INCIDENT VICTIM DIVER NAME: DATE & TIME OF INCIDENT: DIVE LOCATION: DIVING CERTIFICATION LEVEL: CERTIFICATION DEPTH: Scientific Diver Diver-In-Training Temporary Diver CURRENT MEDICATIONS: CURRENT HEALTH PROBLEMS: If the diver is not anFAU-certified diver, complete this section. FAU-certified divers skip to the next section. AGE: SEX: (M/F) DIVER’S AGENCY OR ORGANIZATION: AGENCY OR ORGANIZATION DSO NAME & TELEPHONE #: # YEARS DIVING: TOTAL # DIVES: # DIVES LAST 6 MONTHS: PREVIOUS DIVE INCIDENTS & DATES: DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCIDENT / INCIDENT: Please describe accident / incident in detail. Include ANY factor which you believe may have contributed to, or minimized the accident / incident. If more than one accident / incident occurred please fill out a separate form. Use extra paper if necessary. What could have been done to prevent this accident / incident? Did the accident / incident cause harm: Diver’s qualification: (may circle >1) Yes No Not known Diving student …… DS Open water ……...OW Advanced diver…….AD Divemaster ……...DM Specify : Dive instructor ….. DI Untrained …… .. UT Professional ……... PD Technical diver…...TD Not known ……. -
Birkbeck College – University Marine
CORAL REEF MONITORING METHODS Prof Rupert Ormond Heriot-Watt University Marine Conservation International International Society for Reef Studies Introduction Surveying & monitoring – key principle Typically use transects & quadrats – but why? Must quadrats be square, must transects be straight? Experimental design & statistics Typically looking for significant differences between times or places Or for significant trends in abundance Marine methods (protocols) originally adapted from terrestrial ones often more suited site-specific scientific studies Marine conservation and management tends to need methods practicable in the marine or coastal environment cost-effective in terms of information gain per available time (especially where time available limited by use of SCUBA) usable by staff with simple gear or limited specialist qualifications Also require methods suitable for use over very large areas (of coastline or sea-bed) Problems Measuring the Amounts of Coral Colonies vary greatly in size and shape and often fragment into semi- separate colonies, so you can not simply count them Quantitative methods attempt estimate percentage cover of substrate (coral cover) by different coral species, and by other substrate types (reef rock, algae, encrusting organisms) Planar area of corals as viewed from above usually adopted as measure of abundance, but not in all methods Are several difficulties with approach: Exact measurement complex shape difficult e.g. For branching corals: how to cope with gaps between or layering of branches? Relationship between area of coral viewed from above, and actual surface area also varies greatly with growth form Methods have been tried (wrapping in foil, absorbing dye) but provides estimate only for typical specimens of particular size (diameter) Even if could estimate surface area of coral biomass of tissue per unit area varies with hugely with genus Identifying Corals Identification of less common genera difficult, & identification to species very difficult, especially nderwater May be 200-300 spp. -
A Detailed Assessment of Snow Accumulation in Katabatic Wind Areas on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 102, NO. D25, PAGES 30,047-30,058, DECEMBER 27, 1997 A detailed assessment of snow accumulation in katabatic wind areas on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica David A. Braaten Departmentof Physicsand Astronomy,University of Kansas,Lawrence Abstract. An investigationof time dependentsnow accumulation and erosiondynamics in a wind-sweptenvironment was undertakenat two automaticweather stations sites on the RossIce Shelf betweenJanuary 1994 andNovember 1995 usingnewly developedinstrumentation employinga techniquewhich automatically disperses inert, colored (high albedo) glass microspheresonto the snowsurface at fixed intervalsthroughout the year. The microspheresact as a time markerand tracerto allow the accumulationrate and wind erosionprocesses to be quantifiedwith a high temporalresolution. Snow core and snowpit samplingwas conducted twice duringthe studyperiod to identify microspherehorizons in the annualsnow accumulation profile, allowing the snowaccumulation/erosion events to be reconstructed.The two siteschosen for thisinvestigation have characteristically different mean wind speedsand therefore allow a comparativeexamination on the role of wind on ice sheetgrowth. Mass accumulationrate at the twosites for the 14-dayintegration periods available ranged from 0.0 to >2.0 kg m-2 d -l. The meanmass accumulation rate duringthe studyperiod was greaterat the site with strongerwinds (0.69kg m -2 d-1) than the site with lower mean wind speeds (0.61 kg m-2 d-l); however,the differencebetween the two meansis not statisticallysignificant. Accumulationrates derived from an ultrasonicsnow depth gauge operated at one of the sitesare comparedto the actualtracer-derived accumulationrates and show the limitationsof only having a measureof snow surfaceheight with no instantaneousmeasurements of the snowdensity profile. Snow depthgauge derived accumulationrates were foundto be greatlyoverestimated during high-accumulation periods and were greatlyunderestimated during low-accumulation periods. -
Supervised Dive
EFFECTIVE 1 March 2009 MINIMUM COURSE CONTENT FOR Supervised Diver Certifi cation As Approved By ©2009, Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. (RSTC) Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. RSTC Coordinator P.O. Box 11083 Jacksonville, FL 32239 USA Recreational Scuba Training Council (RSTC) Minimum Course Content for Supervised Diver Certifi cation 1. Scope and Purpose This standard provides minimum course content requirements for instruction leading to super- vised diver certifi cation in recreational diving with scuba (self-contained underwater breathing appa- ratus). The intent of the standard is to prepare a non diver to the point that he can enjoy scuba diving in open water under controlled conditions—that is, under the supervision of a diving professional (instructor or certifi ed assistant – see defi nitions) and to a limited depth. These requirements do not defi ne full, autonomous certifi cation and should not be confused with Open Water Scuba Certifi cation. (See Recreational Scuba Training Council Minimum Course Content for Open Water Scuba Certifi ca- tion.) The Supervised Diver Certifi cation Standards are a subset of the Open Water Scuba Certifi cation standards. Moreover, as part of the supervised diver course content, supervised divers are informed of the limitations of the certifi cation and urged to continue their training to obtain open water diver certifi - cation. Within the scope of supervised diver training, the requirements of this standard are meant to be com- prehensive, but general in nature. That is, the standard presents all the subject areas essential for su- pervised diver certifi cation, but it does not give a detailed listing of the skills and information encom- passed by each area. -
Drowning and Near Drowning
Drowning and Near Drowning Drowning – Near Drowning – an asphyxiation resulting incident of potentially from submersion in fatal submersion in liquid with death liquid that did not occurring within 24 result in death or in hours of submersion which death occurred more than 24 hours after submersion Other medical conditions can be associated with near drowning − Possible trauma (caused before or during) − Hypothermia − Hypoxia Need to Know! Dry drowning – a Wet Drowning – no simulated simulated laryngospasm (airway laryngospasm occurs, obstruction) prevents resulting in the lungs large amounts of filling with water water from entering the lungs Dry vs. Wet Drowning Although the pathophysiology of fresh - water and salt water drownings differs, there is no difference in the end result or in prehospital management. Fresh vs. Salt water Drowning Mammalian diving reflex – resulting from A cold-water the submersion of the drowning face and nose in patient is water, a complex not dead cardiovascular reflex until they that constricts blood are warm flow everywhere and dead! except the brain. Factors Affecting Survival Remove patient from the water as soon as possible (this should be done by a trained rescue swimmer) Initiate ventilation while patient is still in the water. Rescue personnel should wear protective clothing in water less than 70 degrees F. In addition, attach a safety line to the rescue swimmer. In fast water, it is ESSENTIAL to use personnel trained for this type of rescue. Suspect head and neck injury if the patient experienced a fall or was diving. Rapidly place the victim on a long backboard and remove them from the water. -
Psdiver Monthly Issue 83
PSDiver Monthly Issue 83 Air Buys Time discussion group and let’s talk about it. Use what works for you and be open minded to suggestions and possible I have been asked by a number of subscribers to write changes. There will never be a one size fits all solution. about equipment configurations. I am always hesitant Your goal should be to search and experiment until you about writing about specific equipment or specific brands are able to find what works for you. or models. It is not that I do not have personal favorites; it is BECAUSE I have personal favorites that I have been Pony bottle and Pony Mount reluctant. To my way of thinking, if we dive FFM and a Pony and do It is has always been my opinion that equipment for a NOT use a gas switch block, we need the pony to have a dive team is based on particular need, budget and thumbnail SPG and a second stage regulator attached. availability. A small member team with an annual 20k Divers should also have a separate mask available to use budget is going to be better outfitted than a 20 member with the standard scuba second stage. Consider this team with a 2K annual budget. configuration for a minute. The diver is on SCUBA with a full face mask. The diver would likely have a This month I offer an editorial about pony console package with a SPG and either a bottles. What I present here is not intended computer or an analog depth gauge with a to be an “end all” to the topic nor is it maximum depth indicator. -
Wreck Diver Specialty Course Instructor Guide
Instructor Wreck Diver Guide Wreck Diver Specialty Course Instructor Guide Product No. 70232 (Rev. 4/07) Version 2.0 Instructor Guide Wreck Diver PADI Wreck Diver Specialty Course Instructor Guide © PADI 2007 Portions of the Appendix of this guide may be reproduced by PADI Members for use in PADI-sanctioned training, but not for resale or personal gain. No other reproduction is allowed without the express written permission of PADI. Published and distributed by PADI 30151 Tomas Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688-2125 USA Printed in U.S.A. Product No. 70232 (04/07) Version 2.0 2 Specialty Course Instructor Guide Instructor Wreck Diver Guide Table of Contents Introduction How to Use this Guide .......................................................................................5 Course Philosophy and Goals .............................................................................5 Course Flow Options .........................................................................................6 Program Options ................................................................................................7 Section One: Course Standards Standards at a Glance .........................................................................................8 Instructor Prerequisites .......................................................................................9 Student Diver Prerequisites ...............................................................................9 Supervision and Ratios .......................................................................................9 -
Instruction Manual for Amron International Diving Supply, Inc
Instruction Manual For Amron International Diving Supply, Inc. Model 8300-HP & 8330 Three Diver Air Control Systems S/N______________________ This manual and the information contained herein are provided for use as an operation and maintenance guide. No license or rights to manufacture, reproduce, or sell either the manual or articles described herein are given. Amron International Diving Supply, Inc. reserves the right to change specifications without notice. Amron International Diving Supply, Inc. 1380 Aspen Way Vista, California 92081 U.S.A. Phone (760) 280-6500 ¥ Fax (760) 599-3857 Email: [email protected] Website: www.amronintl.com Copyright © 2004 Amron International, Inc. Revised October 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION Specifications 1 Air Control Section ........................................................................................................1.1 Depth Monitoring Section..............................................................................................1.2 Enclosure Section .........................................................................................................1.3 General Information 2 Description ....................................................................................................................2.1 Air Control Section ........................................................................................................2.2 Depth Monitoring Section..............................................................................................2.3 Low Pressure Alarm......................................................................................................2.4