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KAJIAN EKOLOGI PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma Longifolia Jack) DAN PEMANFAATAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR HUTAN BUKIT LAWANG

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KAJIAN EKOLOGI PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma Longifolia Jack) DAN PEMANFAATAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR HUTAN BUKIT LAWANG KAJIAN EKOLOGI PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) DAN PEMANFAATAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR HUTAN BUKIT LAWANG T E S I S OLEH: AMINATA BR GINTING 087030002 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2010 Universitas Sumatera Utara KAJIAN EKOLOGI PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) DAN PEMANFAATAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR HUTAN BUKIT LAWANG T E S I S Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Sains dalam Program Studi Ilmu Biologi pada Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh AMINATA BR GINTING 087030002 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2010 Universitas Sumatera Utara Judul Tesis : KAJIAN EKOLOGI PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia JACK) DAN PEMANFAATAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR HUTAN BUKIT LAWANG Nama Mahasiswa : AMINATA BR GINTING Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 087030002 Program Studi : BIOLOGI Menyetujui Komisi Pembimbing Prof. Dr. Retno Widhiastuti, M. S Dr. Budi Utomo SP. MP. Ketua Anggota Disetujui oleh: Dekan Ketua Prgram Studi Prof.Dr.Dwi Suryanto, M. Sc. Dr. Sutarman, M. Sc. Universitas Sumatera Utara Telah diuji pada Tanggal : 02 September 2010 PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS Ketua : Prof. Dr. Retno Widhiastuti, M.S. Anggota : Dr. Budi Utomo, SP.MP Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Nasution, M.Sc. Dr. Suci Rahayu, M.S Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT Ecological studies peg the Earth at Station Resort Bukt Lawang Orangutan Rehabilitation has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to determine the physical, chemical, and biotic habitat, potential, association with other types, patterns of distribution and utilization of Eurycoma longifolia by people who live around the forest of Bukit Lawang. Location of research at the Orangutan Rehabilitation Station Bukit Lawang resort in an area 200 ha TNGL. With the combination method sided path. Laying of the sample unit by using systematic sampling with random start. Line is based on the topography. Measurements were taken at growth rates of trees, poles, saplings, and seedlings. Having observed the physical condition of the environmental chemical is known that the land component consists of sand, silt and clay, is also high nutrient content, average air temperatures during the day 23.70 C average soil temperature during the day 24.10 C; humidity average 90.8% during the day, the average soil pH of 6.4, and the average light intensity of 113.6 x 10 Lux. Found in groups of moth pests of the Order Lepidoptera, family Geometridae. Diversity of tree growth rate is found 72 species, Eurycoma longifolia has a 2.16% IVI. Diversity of growth rates found in 44 types of poles, Eurycoma longifolia has a 22.9% IVI. Diversity of the growth rate of saplings found in 70 species, Eurycoma longifolia has a 24% IVI. Diversity of seedling growth rate is found 69 species, which is dominated by the pegs of the earth with IVI 24.6%. In the tree growth rate pegs of the earth associated with Parkia sp significance, Shorea scabrida, Eury nitida and Plemengia macrophylla. At this level of growth poles significant association with Shorea sp. On the growth rate of saplings and seedlings Eurycoma longifolia is not associated with other types. Eurycoma longifolia distribution patterns at the level of tree growth is uneven, the growth rate poles, saplings, and seedlings are clustered. Knowledge, the introduction and utilization of Eurycoma longifolia by communities living around the forest of Bukit Lawang is good enough. Part of plant used mainly roots. Key words: Ecology, pasak bumi, physical properties, chemical, biotic, potential, association, community utilization, pests, TNGL. vi Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Kajian ekologi pasak bumi di Stasiun Rehabilitasi Orangutan Resort Bukt Lawang belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi fisik, kimia, dan biotik habitat, potensi, asosiasi dengan jenis lain, pola persebaran Eurycoma longifolia dan pemanfaatan Eurycoma longifolia oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar hutan Bukit Lawang. Lokasi penelitian di Stasiun Rehabilitasi Orangutan Resort Bukit Lawang. Peletakan unit sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan cara systematic sampling with random start. Jalur dibuat berdasarkan keadaan topografi. Pengukuran dilakukan pada tingkat pertumbuhan pohon, tiang, pancang, dan semai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komponen tanah terdiri atas pasir, debu dan liat, Kandungan hara juga tinggi, Suhu udara rata-rata pada siang hari 23,70C; suhu tanah rata-rata pada siang hari 24,10C; kelembaban udara rata-rata pada siang hari 90,8 %; pH tanah rata-rata 6,4; dan intensitas cahaya rata-rata 113,6 x 10 Lux. Hama ditemukan kelompok ngengat Ordo Lepidoptera, Famili Geometridae. Keanekaragaman tingkat pertumbuhan pohon ditemukan 72 jenis, Eurycoma longifolia memiliki INP 2,16 %. Keanekaragaman tingkat pertumbuhan tiang ditemukan 44 jenis, Eurycoma longifolia memiliki INP 22,9 %. Keanekaragaman tingkat pertumbuhan pancang ditemukan 70 jenis, Eurycoma longifolia memiliki INP 24 %. Keanekaragaman tingkat pertumbuhan semai ditemukan 69 jenis, yang didomonasi oleh pasak bumi dengan INP 24,6 %. Pada tingkat pertumbuhan pohon pasak bumi berasosiasi signifikans dengan Parkia sp, Shorea scabrida, Eury nitida dan Plemengia macrophylla. Pada tingkat pertumbuhan tiang berasosiasi signifikan dengan Shorea sp. Pada tingkat pertumbuhan pancang dan semai Eurycoma longifolia tidak berasosiasi dengan jenis lain. Pola persebaran Eurycoma longifolia pada tingkat pertumbuhan pohon adalah merata, tingkat pertumbuhan tiang, pancang, dan semai adalah mengelompok. Pengetahuan, pengenalan dan pemanfaatan Eurycoma longifolia oleh masyarakat yang tinggal disekitar hutan Bukit Lawang cukup baik. Bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan terutama adalah akarnya. Kata kunci: Ekologi, Pasak bumi, Sifat fisik, kimia, biotik, potensi, asosiasi, pemanfaatan, masyarakat, hama, TNGL. Universitas Sumatera Utara PERNYATAAN KAJIAN EKOLOGI PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) DAN PEMANFAATAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR HUTAN BUKIT LAWANG TESIS Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam tesis ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan disuatu perguruan tinggi dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain kecuali secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka. Medan, 02 September 2010 Penulis Aminata Br Ginting vii Universitas Sumatera Utara PENGHARGAAN Puji dan syukur Penulis Panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah memberikan berkat dan karunia-Nya sehingga Penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini yang bertema “Kajian Ekologi Dan Pemanfaatan Pasak Bumi di Taman Nasional Gunung Louser Bukit Lawang. Dilaksanakan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan studi pada Program Studi Magister Biologi Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Prof. Dr. Retno Widhiastuti,Msi dan Dr. Budi Utomo, SP, MP selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan dan arahan selama penulis melaksanakan penelitian sampai selesainya penyusunan tesis ini. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis juga mengucapkan terimakasih kepada: 1. Prof. Dr. Ir. Zulkifli Nasution M.Sc. dan Dr. Suci Rahayu sebagai dosen penguji atas arahan dan masukan dalam penyempurnaan penyusunan tesis ini. 2. Gubernur Syamsul Arifin, Bupati D.D.Sinulingga, Kadis Tanah karo dan Kepala Sekolah SMAN I Berastagi yang telah memberi Beasiswa kepada guru-guru juga kesempatan untuk melanjutkan studi. 3. Ayahanda Jeremia Ginting dan Ibunda Tandariah br Barus, juga do’a-do’a anak-anakku tersayang Roswanda, Yonathhan, Maria, dan Emeninta. 4. Abanganda terhormat Mulyono Surbakti yang telah banyak membantu dan memotivasi penulis, abanganda Riswan Bangun di TNGL, Kepala desa Sampe Raya Titik Pinem dan Kepala desa Timbang Lawan Sinar Bangun yang telah banyak membantu penulis. 5. Luthfi A.M.Siregar yang telah memberi fasilitas literatur kepada penulis dan, Prof. Dr. Darma Bakti,SP.MP. yang telah membantu penulis untuk mengidentifikasi hama. Akhir kata semoga Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa selalu memberikan rahmat-Nya dalam segala hal dan semoga tesis ini bermanfaat. Universitas Sumatera Utara RIWAYAT HIDUP Penulis lahir di desa Bandar Baru, Kecamatan sibolangit Kabupaten Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara, tanggal 09 April 1969 dari seorang ibu bernama Tandariah br Barus dan ayah bernama Jeremia Ginting tinggal di desa Namoriam kecamatan Pancur Batu. Lulus Sekolah Dasar Negeri 101824 Durian Simbelang tahun 1981, Lulus SMP Negeri II Pancur Batu tahun 1984, Lulus SMA Negeri I Pancur Batu tahun 1987. Tahun 1987 melanjutkan pendidikan ke Perguruan Tinggi Negeri melalui jalur PMDK ke FKIP MIPA UNSYIAH Darussalam Banda Aceh. Lulus dengan gelar sarjana S1 pada tahun 1992. Pada tahun 1995 ditempatkan bekerja sebagai guru di SMA Negeri I Jaya Lamno Aceh Barat. Bekerja disana selama 5 tahun. Tahun 2000 pindah dinas ke SMA Negeri I Berastagi. Pada tahun 2008 melanjutkan studi di Program Magister Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara dengan beasiswa dari PROVSU. ix Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ……………………………………………………... v PERNYATAAN ……………………………………………………... vi RIWAYAT HIDUP ……………………………………………………... vii DAFTAR ISI ……………………………………………………... xi DAFTAR TABEL ……………………………………………………... xii DAFTAR GAMBAR ……………………………………………………... xiii DAFTAR
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