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FOREST HEALTH MONITORING to MONITOR the SUSTAINABILITY of INDONESIAN TROPICAL RAIN FOREST MOF - ITTO - SEAMEO BIOTROP - USDA Forest Service

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FOREST HEALTH MONITORING to MONITOR the SUSTAINABILITY of INDONESIAN TROPICAL RAIN FOREST MOF - ITTO - SEAMEO BIOTROP - USDA Forest Service ISBN 979-8275-11-X ISBN 979-8275-14-4 [D BIOTROP s ITTO ITTO PROJECT NO. PD 16/95 REV. 2 (F) FOREST HEALTH MONITORING TO MONITOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF INDONESIAN TROPICAL RAIN FOREST MOF - ITTO - SEAMEO BIOTROP - USDA Forest Service VOLUME III Y£GETAT10NMA"OF M E~TUSM OUNTA.l H AND I TSSUIIII.OUHOING SOUTH KALIMANTAN A 1:7$0000 LEGEND ; :I ::::';:1",--..,..... ,...,..,) Q>S-SoiI(CooII""*>g) 8 ~SoiI(I..vId~forOO"""') 8 ~~..::--~-~ O F_R~on6r'/1MId O f_~5w8tr9F_ ~ a..- o ' __ -..F~......... ... S Go-.:I ...~~ O Hlf; ..... <m> __ F_~ ~ ~~ ... f __ f_(1..... F".. 1 L.owIMdOegradodorep.,f_(ForwFh) LC¥o4Indloo;pdOvltCt~OInIiIyF_ L.owIMdPrirNry_ ... c-~o.n.ityF _ 8_ ~ F , :O ==:".,..;c;"'~CuIIi!IIIion_F_~..... --- O Ol ....... P\wICIIIion ca ?ddyF"...., C.:>~1'IInCMion .'" o C/utltrlSl, lrTl.4 31HSOm ,ndM'''.Om • Clusterot.UTM 3~'92""fldw,tGt02m InOI"1I0JECYI"O.II/UII.EV. I (F) ~e Published by : ITTO SEAMEO BIOTROP International Tropical Timber Organization Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology . Yokohama, Japan Bogor, Indonesia 2001 EDITORIAL BOARD: Imelda C. Stuckle Chairil Anwar Siregar Supriyanto Jahya Kartana ADDRESS: SEAMEO-BIOTROP Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology JI. Raya Tajur Km. 6, P.O.BOX 116, Bogor, Indonesia Phone: +62-251-323848; Fax. : +62-251-326851 Website : http:/www.biotrop.org e-mail: [email protected] Front Cover: Vegetation map of Meratus Mountain and its surrounding South Kalimantan ISBN 979-8275-11-X ISBN 979-8275-14-4 IITO ITTO PROJECT NO. PD 16/95 REV. 2 (F) FOREST HEALTH MONITORING TO MONITOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF INDONESIAN TROPICAL RAIN FOREST MOF - ITTO - SEAMEO BIOTROP - USDA Forest Service VOLUME III 1:1S0000 LEGEND: .e-Soi\ForeotFnl G> BniSdl(Oellr<1A'lg"'-..FaasI_1 e. BareSci(CoalMNlg) 09anoSol(Land~bOiPam) SCklud *Oepded~Forast _FcresI~o:o~"""*-Ib'jMljIlouaIp o RnstRegnMIhonctyland <m:> F.... WiIM~RnIt <ID ----,~ ___._ ... I CG)GraabndorAlang-alang o HerbateusHwgIllpllil!li:CCITfT"&II"Itie ...,cm> ....lndusll'ialForesIl'IIrUbon 0. LaordanIIo.v:-or~fInIt(FCQIIFh) • t-IMdDegradedorOpenFcreol{FoteltFft) ,«2)t.cMoI:ord~Ovef"'MecilmOenllyFon.t a lDMandPma/yorOoleclHgho-tyFCftII @_do.dwdo.c.-..a._t.Iont.lwPnnaryFcrellt ___ _ ---o Maair;ofShftiogrutil'nonandForastRe\JOWh C3)0i1'Mn1'larDti:>n ePlddyFoHI C)RubberPlantllilwl... _ ,0 CI_I53,UTM 319850 m.nd 96IE1&11Om • Ch.slet09,UTM 320192maIldSl3OO402m 1"0 PROJECT PD. 1&195 REV. 2 IF) Published by : ITIO SEAMEO BIOTROP International Tropical Timber Organization Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology Yokohama, Japan Bogor, Indonesia 2001 PREFACE Changes which occur in the forest ecosystem will always create an impact, positive as well as negative ones. Toward the implementation of ecolabelling, many forest state enterprises and the forest concession holders start reorganizing the future demands to manage forests on sustainable basis. Forests should be managed wisely according to the concept of sustainable forest management. In 1990, ITTO (International Tropical Timber Organization) has prepared guidelineslindicators on how to manage tropical forests properly. In order to implement those guidelines, SEAMEO-BIOTROP submitted a research project proposal to Ino entitled Forest Health Monitoring to Monitor the Sustainability of Indonesian Tropical Rain Forests, called INDO-FHM. The objectives of INDO-FHM were to find the attributes, indicators and trends which influence the health and conservation of tropical forest; to establish monitoring plots, demonstration and training plots; technology transfer of FHM methodology and software; and to undertake training programs. Indicators used among others are: (1) Production (growth and mortality, vegetation structures, biotic and abiotic stand damage); (2) Site quality; (3) biodiversity; and (4) Forest vitality (crown structure). Previously, research activities in Forest Health Monitoring have been carried out only in the temperate forests. Indonesia is the first country to conduct FHM research in the tropical ecosystem. The INDO-FHM research was conducted from 1996 - 2000, with the financial support from the InO,USDA-Forest Service, the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, and SEAMEO BIOTROP. A series of training was also conducted for the Indonesian crews (85 persons), Indonesian scientists (28 persons), and Southeast Asian scientists (14 persons). To disseminate the knowledge and experience generated in conducting the research on Forest Health Monitoring, three volumes of Technical Reports were made. Finally, SEAMEO BIOTROP would like to thank InO, USDA-Forest Service, and the Government of Indonesia for their valuable support. SEAMEO BIOTROP Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology, Prof. Dr. H. Sitanala Arsyad Director CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................................. Contents............................................................................................................... iii Site and Species Suitability Study Based on Forest Health Monitoring Activities Conducted in South I<alimantan, Jambi, and East Java Chairil Anwar Siregar and Supriyanto .................................................................. Stand Structure (Status, Change, Trends) Supriyanto, Ujang Susep Irawan, Erianto Indra Putra , 1 Wayan Susi Dharmawan ..................................................................................... 27 Regeneration and Mortality Supriyanto, Ujang S. Irawan, 1 Wayan S. Dharmawan, Erianto I. Putra ....... ....... .................. ......................... ......... ................. ............... ..... 41 Assessment on the Modification of FHM Vegetation Quadrates to Address Tropical Species Diversity of Trees Uhaedi Sutisna, Erianto Indra Putra, Soekotjo, Djoko Marsono ........ .......... ......... 55 A Study of Soil and Vegetation Dominated by Shorea polyandra on Forest Health Monitoring Plots in Pulau Laut Chairil Anwar Siregar and Supriyanto ................................ .......... ......................... 73 Assessment of Socio-Economic and Cultural Indicators of Forest Health Monitoring Bahruni, Dudung Darusman, Erianto Indra Putra, Djohan Setiawan .................... 107 Assessment on Crown Indicators of Forest Health Monitoring Kasno, Supriyanto, Simon Taka Nuhamara, Erianto Indra P., 1 Wayan Susi D .... 121 Early Warning of Changes in Canopy Condition of Overstory Trees Kasno, Simon Taka Nuhamara, Supriyanto, Uhaedi Sutisna, 1 Wayan Susi D .... 161 iii SITE AND SPECIES SUIT ABILITY STUDY BASED ON FOREST HEALTH MONITORING ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN, JAMBI, AND EAST JAVA Technical Report No. 22 Chairil Anwar Siregar Supriyanto ABSTRACT Soil is but one faCtor of a habitat, representing the region where a plant community naturally grows. Another significant factor that is inherent to habitat is the climate of a site, influencing a wide array of species grown in a given habitat. Hence, climate and soil are the two principal criteria that determine habitat suitability for a particular tree species. In this regard, site and species suitability has been an important forestry study ever since the development of tropical plantation forest was initiated two decades ago. Hence, the objective ofthis paper is to synthesize habitat suitability of forestry species by employing soil information collected from forest health monitoring activities. The forest health monitoring associated with the soil indicator study was carried out in four study sites namely: PT INHUTANI 11 in South Kalimantan, and PT Asialog in Jambi, lasting from 1996 to 1999; and PT Sum pal in South Kalimantan and Perum Perhutani Unit 11 in Kediri, lasting in 1999. A summary of the synthesis of species and habitat suitability is proposed. It covers 49 tree species mostly grown in tropical areas with altitude ranging from 0 to 3000 meters above sea level, receiving average annual rainfall varying from 500 to 5000 mm, and with soil reaction that is mostly acidic bearing generally low status of chemical fertility as in the case of typical tropical soils. Key words: Soil, habitat suitability, forest health monitoring, tropical species I. INTRODUCTION Regarded as a product of environment, soil is the natural medium for the growth of a huge number of plants; it provides a foothold, as well as water and nutrients required to support plant growth and development. In his famous book, Factors of Soil Formation, Hans Jenny in 1940 espoused that soil is a function of climate, organisms, parent material, relief and time. This soil formulation implicitly indicates that development of soil and associated forest vegetation has not been a simple and straightforward process. While a number of relatively independent factors are involved in the development of soil and vegetation as well, none is plausibly more critical than climate. This is to say that climate, vegetation, and soil form an intimate and interrelated dynamic complex. Theoretically, it seems relatively simple to specify the plant-producing capacity of a soil in terms of its physical and chemical properties. This specification, however,is not simple. Many scientists have emphasized the fact that soil productivity is determined by the integrated effect of all its characters, rather than by the magnitude of anyone. Moreover, Lutz and Chandler (1961) emphasize that the farther a tree species is removed from the region of its climatic optimum, the more discriminating it becomes in regard to soil. Hence the soil factor
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