DOCSLIB.ORG

Light Induced Gravity Phonons

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Light Induced Gravity Phonons Journal of Modern Physics, 2019, 10, 1674-1695 https://www.scirp.org/journal/jmp ISSN Online: 2153-120X ISSN Print: 2153-1196 Light Induced Gravity Phonons Philipp Kornreich1,2 11090 Wien, Austria 2King of Prussia, PA, USA How to cite this paper: Kornreich, P. Abstract (2019) Light Induced Gravity Phonons. Journal of Modern Physics, 10, 1674-1695. Einstein theorized that a mass travels towards another mass, not because it https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2019.1014110 is attracted by a force acting across a distance, but because it travels through space and time that is warped by masses and energy. Einstein postulated Received: August 9, 2019 that this space-time fabric can have wave-like modes which have been Accepted: December 14, 2019 Published: December 17, 2019 measured by the LIGO experiment. A consistent model of the generation of space-time-fabric-modes by a light Photon is derived for slight space-time Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and deformations. Each Photon generates a shower of very small amplitude Scientific Research Publishing Inc. space-time fabric modes. Each mode can have a number of energy quanta. This work is licensed under the Creative The probability of a Photon generating a shower of space-time modes is much Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). larger than the probability of all the space-time modes collecting and generating http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ a Photon. Therefore, this process has a unique Arrow of Time. Similar to the Open Access energy quanta of displacement modes in an elastic medium which is called Phonons, the energy quanta of the space-time fabric modes are called gravity Phonons. Both are tensor waves. Gravity Phonons have spin angular mo- mentum of 2 and propagate with the speed of light. At every step of these calculations, equations derived from the General Relativity Theory by scien- tists and verified by Astronomical observations or experiments are employed. Keywords Photons, Phonons, Gravity, General Relativity, Space-Time, Generation Rate, Arrow of Time Note In the whole paper numbers such {8} in curly brackets denote equation num- bers in the literature. 1. Introduction Einstein [1] theorized in 1916 that a test mass travels towards a mass not because it is attracted by a force that acts across a distance between masses, but because DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2019.1014110 Dec. 17, 2019 1674 Journal of Modern Physics P. Kornreich the test mass travels through space and time that is warped by mass and energy. In this paper, the Interaction of a light Photon with a space-time fabric that has been deformed by a non-rotating Earth-like mass is described. The de- rivation is only for a slightly curved space-time fabric. A light Photon will not interact to first order with flat space-time, the ordinary four-dimensional Minkowski space. The Earth-like mass is used to remove this symmetry and facilitate the interaction of the Photon with warped space-time. Einstein also postulated the existence of wave modes in the space-time fabric. This has been verified by the Laser Interferometer Gravity-Wave Observatory LIGO experiment [2]. The interaction of a Photon with warped space-time fa- bric generates space-time modes, which can have any number of energy quanta, called gravity Phonons. The energy quanta of displacement modes in an elastic medium are called Phonons. Because of the similarity of the interaction of light and Phonons, to the interaction of light and the space-time modes, the space-time mode energy quanta are called gravity Phonons. The gravity Pho- nons valid for slight deformation of the space-time fabric only, are different from Gravitons which presumably are valid for all values of gravity. In this paper, the gravity Phonons have an energy of 0.59893 atto eV and a wavelength of 1.7298 A. U. These small values are expected since the derivation is based on astronomical observations and experiments. In this paper, equations derived from the General Relativity Theory (GRT) and verified by astronomical observations or experiments are employed at every step of the calculations. Professor Paul Sutter of Ohio State University and Chief Scientist of the COSI Science Center [3] asks “Why Can’t Quantum Mechanics Explain Gravity?” Quantized models exist for the other three forces, the Electromagnetic Force, the Weak Nuclear Force, and the Strong Nuclear Force. In this paper, a quantized formulation of Einstein’s [1] space-time fabric modes is presented for slightly curved space-time fabric. Thus, now there exists quantized models for all four forces, a Gravity Force for slightly curved space-time fabric only, the Electro- magnetic Force, the Weak Nuclear Force and the Strong Nuclear Force of the standard model of Physics. This discussion involves space-time which permeates all space at all times, a light electromagnetic wave, and a large non-rotating mass. The mass used has the same value as the mass of the Earth. The derivation is in four steps: FIRST, to model the affect of the slightly warped space-time on an electro- magnetic wave, Einstein’s description [1] of the deflection of a light wave by the curvature of space-time due to a mass is used. This has been verified by observ- ing the deflection of a light beam passing close to the Sun by F. W. Dyson et al. [4]. SECOND, the affect of the energy of the light wave on the curvature of space-time is described by Einstein’s equation [5]. In Einstein’s equation, the Einstein tensor describes the curvature of space-time, and the affect of the ener- gy of the light wave is described by the electromagnetic stress tensor [5] [6]. The affect of the energy of the light wave on the curvature of space-time is predicted DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2019.1014110 1675 Journal of Modern Physics P. Kornreich by the GRT. The GRT has been proven correct in all its tests. Therefore, the affect of the energy of the light wave on the curvature of space-time, predicted by the GRT, must also be correct. THIRD, a Taylor series expansion to second order of the time dilation equa- tion is used for the derivation of the frequency ω of the light wave in the pres- ence of gravity as a function of the frequency ωE of the light wave in the ab- sence of gravity and the space-time mode frequency ωG . The gravitational blue 57 shift of the frequency, in this case, of gamma rays emitted by iron Fe samples mounted a vertical elevation of 22.5 m apart has been measured by R. V. Pond and J. L. Sinder [7]. In the FOURTH step, Quantum Electrodynamics [8] is used to formulate a Hamiltonian from the above described frequency relationship in second quan- tized form. A momentum vector diagram illustrating the affect of the curvature of space-time on a light wave, and the affect of the energy of the light wave on the curvature of the space-time fabric to within a constant for slightly curved space-time fabric only, as shown in Figure 2 is derived. The values of the change of the light wave momentum and momentum of the light wave generated space-time fabric modes are functions of the deflection angle of the light wave. This derivation is not valid in the vicinity of large masses such as Black Holes and Neutron Stars. It is also not applicable to the Early Universe, where the mass density was much larger than it is now, and the affect of gravity was larger. The space-time fabric, described by the second rank metric tensor has a simi- larity to an elastic fabric, described by the fourth rank elastic constant tensor. The metric tensor that describes the curvature of the space-time fabric is itself a function of the coordinate components of space-time. The elastic constant ten- sor is constant. The elastic fabric mode energy quanta are called Phonons. The electromagnetic field mode and space-time mode interactions are similar to the quantized electromagnetic field and acoustic mode interaction [9]. Because of this similarity the energy quanta of the space-time fabric modes are called “gravity Phonons”. The gravity Phonons are massless Bosons, that propagate with the speed of light. Light Photons are derived from a vector model, the Maxwell Electromag- netic Theory, and have a spin angular momentum of 1. The gravity Phonons are derived from a tensor model, the GRT, and have a spin angular momentum of 2. The space-time deformation caused by the mass acts as a cavity to determine the frequency of the space-time fabric modes. Before Ludwig Boltzmann [10] in 1896, continuous wave theories were used to formulate Statistical Thermodynamic models of acoustic and electromagnetic modes. But none of these formulations agreed with observations. First Boltzmann [10] and later Bose [11] used a discrete model of Statistical Thermodynamic em- ploying quantized energy and obtained results in agreement with observations that are used until today. The most used formulas are the Boltzmann Entropy and the Bose-Einstein distribution function. In most of the Universe, except in DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2019.1014110 1676 Journal of Modern Physics P. Kornreich the vicinity of Black holes or Neutron stars, the space-time fabric is only slightly deformed. Therefore, the gravity Phonons derived here can be used for the calculations of statistical Thermodynamic properties of the space-time fabric such as its av- erage energy, entropy, pressure, and temperature (2.72503˚K). The thermal energy of 0.2340247 meV of the Cosmic Background Radiation is much larger than the energy of a gravity Phonon of 0.59893 atto eV calculated here.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects
    Advances in High Energy Physics Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects Guest Editors: Emil T. Akhmedov, Stephen Minter, Piero Nicolini, and Douglas Singleton Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects Advances in High Energy Physics Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects Guest Editors: Emil T. Akhmedov, Stephen Minter, Piero Nicolini, and Douglas Singleton Copyright © 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Advances in High Energy Physics.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Botio Betev, Switzerland Ian Jack, UK Neil Spooner, UK Duncan L. Carlsmith, USA Filipe R. Joaquim, Portugal Luca Stanco, Italy Kingman Cheung, Taiwan Piero Nicolini, Germany EliasC.Vagenas,Kuwait Shi-Hai Dong, Mexico Seog H. Oh, USA Nikos Varelas, USA Edmond C. Dukes, USA Sandip Pakvasa, USA Kadayam S. Viswanathan, Canada Amir H. Fatollahi, Iran Anastasios Petkou, Greece Yau W. Wah, USA Frank Filthaut, The Netherlands Alexey A. Petrov, USA Moran Wang, China Joseph Formaggio, USA Frederik Scholtz, South Africa Gongnan Xie, China Chao-Qiang Geng, Taiwan George Siopsis, USA Hong-Jian He, China Terry Sloan, UK Contents Experimental Tests of Quantum Gravity and Exotic Quantum Field Theory Effects,EmilT.Akhmedov,
    [Show full text]
  • Quantum Gravity from the QFT Perspective
    Quantum Gravity from the QFT perspective Ilya L. Shapiro Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil Partial support: CNPq, FAPEMIG ICTP-SAIFR/IFT-UNESP – 1-5 April, 2019 Ilya Shapiro, Quantum Gravity from the QFT perspective April - 2019 Lecture 5. Advances topics in QG Induced gravity concept. • Effective QG: general idea. • Effective QG as effective QFT. • Where we are with QG?. • Bibliography S.L. Adler, Rev. Mod. Phys. 54 (1982) 729. S. Weinberg, Effective Field Theory, Past and Future. arXive:0908.1964[hep-th]; J.F. Donoghue, The effective field theory treatment of quantum gravity. arXive:1209.3511[gr-qc]; I.Sh., Polemic notes on IR perturbative quantum gravity. arXiv:0812.3521 [hep-th]. Ilya Shapiro, Quantum Gravity from the QFT perspective April - 2019 I. Induced gravity. The idea of induced gravity is simple, while its realization may be quite non-trivial, depending on the theory. In any case, the induced gravity concept is something absolutely necessary if we consider an interaction of gravity with matter and quantum theory concepts. I. Induced gravity from cut-off Original simplest version. Ya.B. Zeldovich, Sov. Phys. Dokl. 6 (1967) 883. A.D. Sakharov, Sov. Phys. Dokl. 12 (1968) 1040. Strong version of induced gravity is like that: Suppose that the metric has no pre-determined equations of motion. These equations result from the interaction to matter. Main advantage: Since gravity is not fundamental, but induced interaction, there is no need to quantize metric. Ilya Shapiro, Quantum Gravity from the QFT perspective April - 2019 And we already know that the semiclassical approach has no problems with renormalizability! Suppose we have a theory of quantum matter fields Φ = (ϕ, ψ, Aµ) interacting to the metric gµν .
    [Show full text]
  • Emergent Gravity: from Condensed Matter Analogues to Phenomenology
    Emergent gravity: From Condensed matter analogues to Phenomenology. Emergent properties of space-time. CERN. Stefano Liberati SISSA - INFN Trieste, Italy GR, a beautiful but weird theory… Some tantalising features of General Relativity Singularities Critical phenomena in gravitational collapse Horizon thermodynamics Spacetime thermodynamics: Einstein equations as equations of state. The “dark ingredients” of our universe? Faster than light and Time travel solutions AdS/CFT duality, holographic behaviour Gravity/fluid duality Gravity as an emergent phenomenon? Emergent gravity idea: quantizing the metric or the connections does not help because perhaps these are not fundamental objects but collective variables of more fundamental structures. GR ⇒ Hydrodynamics Metric as a collective variable All the sub-Planckian physics is low energy physics Spacetime as a condensate of some more fundamental objects Spacetime symmetries as emergent symmetries Singularities as phase transitions (big bang as geometrogenesis) Cosmological constant as deviation from the real ground state Many models are nowadays resorting to emergent gravity scenarios Causal sets Quantum graphity models Group field theories condensates scenarios AdS/CFT scenarios where the CFT is considered primary Gravity as an entropic force ideas Condensed matter analogues of gravity Gravity as an emergent phenomenon? Emergent gravity idea: quantizing the metric or the connections does not help because perhaps these are not fundamental objects but collective variables of more fundamental
    [Show full text]
  • Impulse Gravity Generator Based on Charged Y Ba2cu3o7−Y
    Impulse Gravity Generator Based on Charged YBa2Cu3O7 y Superconductor with Composite Crystal − Structure Evgeny Podkletnov1, Giovanni Modanese2 1 Moscow Chemical Scientific Research Centre 113452 Moscow - Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 California Institute for Physics and Astrophysics 366 Cambridge Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94306 and University of Bolzano – Industrial Engineering Via Sernesi 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The detection of apparent anomalous forces in the vicinity of high-Tc supercon- ductors under non equilibrium conditions has stimulated an experimental research in which the operating parameters of the experiment have been pushed to values higher than those employed in previous attempts. The results confirm the existence of an unexpected physical interaction. An apparatus has been constructed and tested in which the superconductor is subjected to peak currents in excess of 104 A, surface potentials in excess of 1 MV , trapped magnetic field up to 1 T , and temperature down to 40 K. In order to produce the required currents a high voltage discharge technique has been employed. Discharges originating from a superconducting ceramic electrode are accompanied by the emission of radiation which propagates in a focused beam without noticeable attenuation through different materials and exerts a short repulsive force on small movable objects along the propagation axis. Within the measurement error (5 to 7 %) the impulse is proportional to the mass of the objects and independent on their composition. It therefore resembles a gravitational impulse. The observed phenomenon appears to be absolutely new and unprecedented in the literature. It cannot be understood in the framework of general relativity.
    [Show full text]
  • An Alternative to Dark Matter and Dark Energy: Scale-Dependent Gravity in Superfluid Vacuum Theory
    universe Article An Alternative to Dark Matter and Dark Energy: Scale-Dependent Gravity in Superfluid Vacuum Theory Konstantin G. Zloshchastiev Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa; [email protected] Received: 29 August 2020; Accepted: 10 October 2020; Published: 15 October 2020 Abstract: We derive an effective gravitational potential, induced by the quantum wavefunction of a physical vacuum of a self-gravitating configuration, while the vacuum itself is viewed as the superfluid described by the logarithmic quantum wave equation. We determine that gravity has a multiple-scale pattern, to such an extent that one can distinguish sub-Newtonian, Newtonian, galactic, extragalactic and cosmological terms. The last of these dominates at the largest length scale of the model, where superfluid vacuum induces an asymptotically Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker-type spacetime, which provides an explanation for the accelerating expansion of the Universe. The model describes different types of expansion mechanisms, which could explain the discrepancy between measurements of the Hubble constant using different methods. On a galactic scale, our model explains the non-Keplerian behaviour of galactic rotation curves, and also why their profiles can vary depending on the galaxy. It also makes a number of predictions about the behaviour of gravity at larger galactic and extragalactic scales. We demonstrate how the behaviour of rotation curves varies with distance from a gravitating center, growing from an inner galactic scale towards a metagalactic scale: A squared orbital velocity’s profile crosses over from Keplerian to flat, and then to non-flat. The asymptotic non-flat regime is thus expected to be seen in the outer regions of large spiral galaxies.
    [Show full text]
  • Condensed Matter Physics and the Nature of Spacetime
    Condensed Matter Physics and the Nature of Spacetime This essay considers the prospects of modeling spacetime as a phenomenon that emerges in the low-energy limit of a quantum liquid. It evaluates three examples of spacetime analogues in condensed matter systems that have appeared in the recent physics literature, and suggests how they might lend credence to an epistemological structural realist interpretation of spacetime that emphasizes topology over symmetry in the accompanying notion of structure. Keywords: spacetime, condensed matter, effective field theory, emergence, structural realism Word count: 15, 939 1. Introduction 2. Effective Field Theories in Condensed Matter Systems 3. Spacetime Analogues in Superfluid Helium and Quantum Hall Liquids 4. Low-Energy Emergence and Emergent Spacetime 5. Universality, Dynamical Structure, and Structural Realism 1. Introduction In the philosophy of spacetime literature not much attention has been given to concepts of spacetime arising from condensed matter physics. This essay attempts to address this. I look at analogies between spacetime and a quantum liquid that have arisen from effective field theoretical approaches to highly correlated many-body quantum systems. Such approaches have suggested to some authors that spacetime can be modeled as a phenomenon that emerges in the low-energy limit of a quantum liquid with its contents (matter and force fields) described by effective field theories (EFTs) of the low-energy excitations of this liquid. While directly relevant to ongoing debates over the ontological status of spacetime, this programme also has other consequences that should interest philosophers of physics. It suggests, for instance, a particular approach towards quantum gravity, as well as an anti-reductionist attitude towards the nature of symmetries in quantum field theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Fact and Folklore in Quantum Gravity∗
    Draft. Do not quote or distribute. Final version forthcoming in Philosophy of Science To Quantize or Not to Quantize: Fact and Folklore in Quantum Gravity∗ Christian W¨uthrich University of Pittsburgh 30 September 2004 Abstract Does the need to find a quantum theory of gravity imply that the gravitational field must be quantized? Physicists working in quantum gravity routinely assume an affirmative answer, often without being aware of the metaphysical commitments that tend to underlie this assumption. The ambition of this article is to probe these commitments and to analyze some recently adduced arguments pertinent to the issue of quantization. While there exist good reasons to quantize gravity, as this analysis will show, alternative approaches to gravity challenge the received wisdom. These renegade approaches do not regard gravity as a fundamental force, but rather as effective, i.e. as merely supervening on fundamental physics. I will urge that these alternative accounts at least prove the tenability of an opposition to quantization. 1 Introduction All major approaches to quantum gravity endorse, implicitly or explicitly, the view that gravity must be “quantized” in order to be amenable to a description at the fundamental level. To be sure, different approaches pro- pose to execute this task in radically different manners. But they agree ∗I wish to thank John Earman, Florian Girelli, John Moffat, Carlo Rovelli and Danny Terno for discussions. This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant PBSK1–102693). 1 in that without a quantization of gravity no consistent quantum theory of gravity will be forthcoming. What such a quantization involves will vary with the approach taken.
    [Show full text]
  • Teleparallel Gravity and Dimensional Reductions of Noncommutative Gauge Theory
    CORE Metadata, HWM–01–15citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by CERN Document Server EMPG–01–05 hep–th/0105094 May 2001 Teleparallel Gravity and Dimensional Reductions of Noncommutative Gauge Theory Edwin Langmann Department of Theoretical Physics, Royal Institute of Technology S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] Richard J. Szabo Department of Mathematics, Heriot-Watt University Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland [email protected] Abstract We study dimensional reductions of noncommutative electrodynamics on flat space which lead to gauge theories of gravitation. For a general class of such reduc- tions, we show that the noncommutative gauge fields naturally yield a Weitzenb¨ock geometry on spacetime and that the induced diffeomorphism invariant field theory can be made equivalent to a teleparallel formulation of gravity which macroscopi- cally describes general relativity. The Planck length is determined in this setting by the Yang-Mills coupling constant and the noncommutativity scale. The effective field theory can also contain higher-curvature and non-local terms which are charac- teristic of string theory. Some applications to D-brane dynamics and generalizations to include the coupling of ordinary Yang-Mills theory to gravity are also described. 1 Introduction Yang-Mills theory on a flat noncommutative space arises as special decoupling limits of string theory [1, 2] and M-theory [2, 3]. In string theory it represents the low-energy effective field theory induced on D-branes in the presence of a constant background su- pergravity B-field. The inherent non-locality of the interactions in this field theory lead to many exotic effects that do not arise in ordinary quantum field theory, and which can be attributed to “stringy” properties of the model.
    [Show full text]
  • Canonical Quantum Gravity and the Problem of Time
    Imperial/TP/91-92/25 Canonical Quantum Gravity and the Problem of Time 1 2 C.J. Isham Blackett Laboratory Imperial College South Kensington London SW7 2BZ United Kingdom August 1992 Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a general introduction to the problem of time in quantum gravity. This problem originates in the fundamental conflict between arXiv:gr-qc/9210011v1 21 Oct 1992 the way the concept of ‘time’ is used in quantum theory, and the role it plays in a diffeomorphism-invariant theory like general relativity. Schemes for resolving this problem can be sub-divided into three main categories: (I) approaches in which time is identified before quantising; (II) approaches in which time is identified after quantising; and (III) approaches in which time plays no fundamental role at all. Ten different specific schemes are discussed in this paper which also contain an introduction to the relevant parts of the canonical decomposition of general relativity. 1Lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute “Recent Problems in Mathematical Physics”, Salamanca, June 15–27, 1992. 2Research supported in part by SERC grant GR/G60918. Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Preamble ................................... 4 1.2 PreliminaryRemarks ............................. 4 1.3 Current Research Programmes in Quantum Gravity . ..... 6 1.4 OutlineofthePaper ............................. 8 1.5 Conventions.................................. 9 2 QUANTUMGRAVITYANDTHEPROBLEMOFTIME 9 2.1 Time in Conventional Quantum Theory . .. 10 2.2 Time in a Diff( )-invariantTheory . 12 M 2.3 ApproachestotheProblemofTime. 16 2.4 Technical Problems With Time . 19 3 CANONICALGENERALRELATIVITY 20 3.1 IntroductoryRemarks ............................ 21 3.2 Quantum Field Theory in a Curved Background .
    [Show full text]
  • A Connection Between Gravity and the Higgs Field
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server A connection between gravity and the Higgs field M. Consoli Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania Corso Italia 57, 95129 Catania, Italy Abstract Several arguments suggest that an effective curved space-time structure (of the type as in General Relativity) can actually find its dynamical origin in an underlying condensed medium of spinless quanta. For this reason, we exploit the recent idea of density fluctuations in a ‘Higgs condensate’ with the conclusion that such long-wavelength effects might represent the natural dynamical agent of gravity. 1 Introduction Following the original induced-gravity models [1], one may attempt to describe gravity as an effective force induced by the vacuum structure, in analogy with the attractive interaction among electrons that can only exist in the presence of an ion lattice. If such an underlying ‘dynamical’ mechanism is found, one will also gain a better understanding of those pecu- liar ‘geometrical’ properties that are the object of classical General Relativity. In fact, by demanding the space-time structure to an undefined energy-momentum tensor, no clear dis- tinction between the two aspects is possible and this may be the reason for long-standing problems (e.g. the space-time curvature associated with the vacuum energy). A nice example to understand what aspects may be kinematical and what other as- pects may be dynamical has been given by Visser [2]. Namely, a curved space-time pseudo- Riemannian geometry arises when studying the density fluctuations in a moving irrotational fluid, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergent Gravity As the Eraser of Anomalous Gauge Boson Masses, and QFT-GR Concord
    General Relativity and Gravitation (2021) 53:22 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-021-02797-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Emergent gravity as the eraser of anomalous gauge boson masses, and QFT-GR concord Durmu¸sDemir1 Received: 29 November 2020 / Accepted: 9 February 2021 / Published online: 22 February 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract In the same base setup as Sakharov’s induced gravity, we investigate emergence of gravity in effective quantum field theories (QFT), with particular emphasis on the gauge sector in which gauge bosons acquire anomalous masses in proportion to the 2 ultraviolet cutoff Λ℘. Drawing on the fact that Λ℘ corrections explicitly break the 2 gauge and Poincare symmetries, we find that it is possible to map Λ℘ to spacetime curvature as a covariance relation and we find also that this map erases the anoma- lous gauge boson masses. The resulting framework describes gravity by the general relativity (GR) and matter by the QFT itself with log Λ℘ corrections (dimensional regularization). This QFT-GR concord predicts existence of new physics beyond the Standard Model such that the new physics can be a weakly-interacting or even a non- interacting sector comprising the dark matter, dark energy and possibly more. The concord has consequential implications for collider, astrophysical and cosmological phenomena. Keywords Emergent gravity · Anomalous gauge boson masses · Extended general covariance Contents 1 Introduction ............................................. 2 2 UV cutoff and the UV sensitivity problems ............................. 3 3 How not to take effective QFTs into curved spacetime ....................... 5 2 4 Λ℘ versus log Λ℘ : Symmetry structures .............................
    [Show full text]
  • Gauge Assisted Quadratic Gravity: a Framework for UV Complete Quantum Gravity
    PHYSICAL REVIEW D 97, 126005 (2018) Gauge assisted quadratic gravity: A framework for UV complete quantum gravity John F. Donoghue* Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA † Gabriel Menezes Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA and Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Serop´edica, RJ, Brazil (Received 23 April 2018; published 12 June 2018) We discuss a variation of quadratic gravity in which the gravitational interaction remains weakly coupled at all energies, but is assisted by a Yang-Mills gauge theory which becomes strong at the Planck scale. The Yang-Mills interaction is used to induce the usual Einstein-Hilbert term, which was taken to be small or absent in the original action. We study the spin-two propagator in detail, with a focus on the high mass resonance which is shifted off the real axis by the coupling to real decay channels. We calculate scattering in the J ¼ 2 partial wave and show explicitly that unitarity is satisfied. The theory will in general have a large cosmological constant and we study possible solutions to this, including a unimodular version of the theory. Overall, the theory satisfies our present tests for being a ultraviolet completion of quantum gravity. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.126005 I. INTRODUCTION matter fields coupled to the metric yield divergences propor- tional to the second power of the curvatures. Therefore, the There are many exotic approaches to quantum gravity, fundamental action must have terms in it which are quadratic but comparatively little present work exploring the option in the curvatures in order to renormalize the theory.
    [Show full text]