Semantics of Immersive Web Through Its Architectural Structure and Graphic Primitives
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The Use of VRML to Integrate Design and Solid Freeform Fabrication
The Use ofVRML to Integrate Design and Solid Freeform Fabrication Yanshuo Wang Jian Dong * Harris L. Marcus Solid Freeform Fabrication Laboratory University ofConnecticut Storrs, CT 06269 ABSTRACT The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) was created to put interconnected 3D worlds onto every desktop. The 3D VRML format has the potential for 3D fax and Tele Manufacture. An architecture and methodology ofusing VRML format to integrate a 3D model and Solid Freeform Fabrication system are described in this paper. The prototype software discussed in this paper demonstrates the use of VRML for Solid Freeform Fabrication process planning. The path used from design to part will be described. 1. INTRODUCTION The STL or Stereolithography format, established by 3D System, is an ASCn or binary file used in Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF). It is a list of the triangular surfaces that approximate a computer generated solid model. This file format has become the de facto standard for rapid prototyping industries. But STL format has the limitation of visualization, communication and sharing information among different places. In the recent years, Tele Manufacture has become a new area in the design and manufacture research. Researchers try to create an automated rapid prototyping capability on the Internet (Bailey, 1995). In order to improve the communication and information exchange through Internet, a new data format is needed for SFF. Bauer and Joppe (1996) suggested to use Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) data format as standard for rapid prototyping. VRML was created to put interconnected 3D worlds onto every desktop and it has become the standard language for 3D World Wide Web. -
3D Visualization in Digital Library of Mathematical Function
Web-Based 3D Visualization in a Digital Library of Mathematical Functions Qiming Wang, Bonita Saunders National Institute of Standards and Technology [email protected], [email protected] Abstract High level, or special, mathematical functions such as the Bessel functions, gamma and beta functions, hypergeometric functions The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is and others are important for solving many problems in the developing a digital library of mathematical functions to replace mathematical and physical sciences. The graphs of many of these the widely used National Bureau of Standards Handbook of functions exhibit zeros, poles, branch cuts and other singularities Mathematical Functions [Abramowitz and Stegun 1964]. The that can be better understood if the function surface can be NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (DLMF) will manipulated to show these features more clearly. A digital provide a wide range of information about high level functions for library offers a unique opportunity to create cutting-edge 3D scientific, technical and educational users in the mathematical and visualizations that not only help scientists and other technical physical sciences. Clear, concise 3D visualizations that allow users, but also make the library more accessible to educators, users to examine poles, zeros, branch cuts and other key features students and others interested in an introduction to the field of of complicated functions will be an integral part of the DLMF. special functions. Specially designed controls will enable users to move a cutting plane through the function surface, select the surface color After investigating web-based 3D graphics file formats, we mapping, choose the axis style, or transform the surface plot into a selected the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) to density plot. -
Apps Vs. Open Web: the Battle of the Decade
Apps vs. Open Web: The Battle of the Decade Tommi Mikkonen Antero Taivalsaari Department of Software Systems Advanced Development & Technology Tampere University of Technology Nokia Corporation Tampere, Finland Tampere, Finland [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Today, both desktop and mobile software systems In this paper, we anticipate that in the 2010’s we will are usually built to leverage resources available on the World witness a major battle between two types of technologies: (1) Wide Web. However, in recent years desktop and mobile native web apps and (2) Open Web applications that run in a software have evolved in different directions. On desktop web browser or some other standards-compliant web runtime computers, the most popular application for accessing content environment. The former approach implies the use of binary and applications on the Web is the web browser. In mobile software and traditional software engineering practices, devices, in contrast, the majority of web content is consumed while the latter approach implies that conventional software via custom-built native web apps. This divergence will not engineering methods and practices will be replaced by continue indefinitely. We anticipate that in the 2010’s we will technologies created for web development. This “Battle of witness a major battle between two types of technologies: (1) the Decade”, as we call it, will determine not only the future native web apps and (2) Open Web applications that run in a web browser or some other standards-compliant web runtime of the software industry, but the future of software environment. This ―Battle of the Decade‖ will determine the engineering research as well. -
The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and Java
The Virtual Reality Modeling Language and Java Don Brutzman Code UW/Br, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California 93943-5000 USA [email protected] Communications of the ACM, vol. 41 no. 6, June 1998, pp. 57-64. http://www.web3D.org/WorkingGroups/vrtp/docs/vrmljava.pdf Abstract. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and Java provide a standardized, portable and platform- independent way to render dynamic, interactive 3D scenes across the Internet. Integrating two powerful and portable software languages provides interactive 3D graphics plus complete programming capabilities plus network access. Intended for programmers and scene authors, this paper provides a VRML overview, synopsizes the open development history of the specification, provides a condensed summary of VRML 3D graphics nodes and scene graph topology, describes how Java interacts with VRML through detailed examples, and examines a variety of VRML/Java future developments. Overview. The Web is being extended to three spatial dimensions thanks to VRML, a dynamic 3D scene description language that can include embedded behaviors and camera animation. A rich set of graphics primitives provides a common-denominator file format which can be used to describe a wide variety of 3D scenes and objects. The VRML specification is now an International Standards Organization (ISO) specification (VRML 97). Why VRML and Java together? Over twenty million VRML browsers have shipped with Web browsers, making interactive 3D graphics suddenly available for any desktop. Java adds complete programming capabilities plus network access, making VRML fully functional and portable. This is a powerful new combination, especially as ongoing research shows that VRML plus Java provide extensive support for building large-scale virtual environments (LSVEs). -
X3D Progress and Prospects, FCVW 2010
X3D Progress and Prospects Common Problems versus Stable Growth Federal Consortium for Virtual Worlds (FCVW) 12-14 May 2010 Don Brutzman Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California USA Our Topics for Today • Polys: 30,000' overview X3D and Web3D • Brutzman: Technical rationale and review • Polys: 4D presentation, Medical study MMVR • Brutzman: X3D-Edit authoring, teaching • Colleen, remote: RayGun multiuser demo • Brutzman: X3D report card for federal use • Brutzman and Polys: demo DIS network recording and playback, X3D and HTML5 • Questions and discussion Setting the Stage Many intellectual and political assets brought us here Historical background: VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) began in 1994, seeking to create 3D markup for Web • Numerous candidates considered by an open community of interested practitioners • SGI's OpenInventor won the initial competition • VRML 1.0 developed over the next year • VRML 2.0 restructured some nodes, added features VRML advanced to International Standard 14772 by ISO in 1997 XML file encoding The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a plain-text format used by many Web languages • Including Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) XML is used to define other data-oriented languages • Thus XML is not a language by itself, rather it is a language about languages, a metalanguage • Common XML basis enables better interoperability, opens a “path of least resistance” for data flow XML has many benefits and is well-suited for X3D XML in 10 Points http://www.w3.org/XML/1999/XML-in-10-points XML is for structuring data XML is new but not that new XML looks a bit like HTML XML leads HTML to XHTML XML is text, but isn't meant to XML is modular be read XML is basis for RDF and the XML is verbose by design Semantic Web XML is a family of technologies XML is license-free, platform-independent and XML in 10 Points is a key reference for understanding the common underlying well-supported design principles underlying the great diversity of XML. -
2018 Webist Lnbip (20)
Client-Side Cornucopia: Comparing the Built-In Application Architecture Models in the Web Browser Antero Taivalsaari1, Tommi Mikkonen2, Cesare Pautasso3, and Kari Syst¨a4, 1Nokia Bell Labs, Tampere, Finland 2University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 3University of Lugano, Lugano, Swizerland 4Tampere University, Tampere, Finland [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. The programming capabilities of the Web can be viewed as an afterthought, designed originally by non-programmers for relatively simple scripting tasks. This has resulted in cornucopia of partially over- lapping options for building applications. Depending on one's viewpoint, a generic standards-compatible web browser supports three, four or five built-in application rendering and programming models. In this paper, we give an overview and comparison of these built-in client-side web ap- plication architectures in light of the established software engineering principles. We also reflect on our earlier work in this area, and provide an expanded discussion of the current situation. In conclusion, while the dominance of the base HTML/CSS/JS technologies cannot be ignored, we expect Web Components and WebGL to gain more popularity as the world moves towards increasingly complex web applications, including systems supporting virtual and augmented reality. Keywords|Web programming, single page web applications, web com- ponents, web application architectures, rendering engines, web rendering, web browser 1 Introduction The World Wide Web has become such an integral part of our lives that it is often forgotten that the Web has existed only about thirty years. The original design sketches related to the World Wide Web date back to the late 1980s. -
Adaptive 3D Web-Based Environment for Heterogeneous Volume Objects
Adaptive 3D Web-based environment for heterogeneous volume objects Ali Abdallah A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bournemouth University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2019 Copyrights Statement “This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis.” 1 Abstract The Internet was growing fast on the last decade. Interaction and visualisation became an essential feature online. The demand for online modelling and rendering in a real-time, adaptive and interactive manner exceeded the growth and development of the hardware resources including computational power and memories. Building up and accessing an instant 3D Web-based and plugin-free platform started to be a must in order to generate 3D volumes. Modelling and rendering complicated heterogeneous volumes using online applications requires good Internet bandwidth and high computational power. A large number of 3D modelling tools designed to create complicated models in an interactive manner are now available online, the problem of using such tools is that the user needs to acquire a certain level of modelling knowledge In this work, we identify the problem, introduce the theoretical background and discuss the theory about Web-based modelling and rendering, including client- server approach, scenario optimization by solving constraint satisfaction problem, and complexity analysis. We address the challenges of designing, implementing and testing an online, Web-based, instant 3D modelling and rendering environment and we discuss some of its characteristics including adaptivity, platform independence, interactivity, and easy-to-use after presenting the theoretical part of implementing such an environment. -
3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications an Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application
Institutionen för systemteknik Department of Electrical Engineering Examensarbete 3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications An Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application Master thesis performed in information coding by Klara Waern´er LiTH-ISY-EX--12/4562--SE Link¨oping 2012-06-19 Department of Electrical Engineering Linköpings tekniska högskola Linköpings universitet Linköpings universitet SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden 581 83 Linköping 3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications An Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application Master thesis in information coding at Link¨oping Institute of Technology by Klara Waern´er LiTH-ISY-EX--12/4562--SE Supervisors: Fredrik Bennet SICK IVP AB Jens Ogniewski ISY, Link¨opingUniversity Examiner: Ingemar Ragnemalm ISY, Link¨opingUniversity Link¨oping2012-06-19 Presentation Date Department and Division 2012-05-31 Department of Electrical Engineering Publishing Date (Electronic version) 2012-06-19 Language Type of Publication ISBN (Licentiate thesis) X English Licentiate thesis ISRN: LiTH-ISY-EX--12/4562--SE Other (specify below) X Degree thesis Thesis C-level Title of series (Licentiate thesis) Thesis D-level Report Number of Pages Other (specify below) Series number/ISSN (Licentiate thesis) 90 URL, Electronic Version http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78726 Publication Title 3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications: An Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application Publication Title (Swedish) Tekniker för 3D-grafik i webbapplikationer: En utvärdering sedd utifrån en riktig applikations perspektiv Author(s) Klara Waernér Abstract Web applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated and functionality that was once exclusive to regular desktop applications can now be found in web applications as well. -
A Survey Full Text Available At
Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000083 Publishing and Consuming 3D Content on the Web: A Survey Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000083 Other titles in Foundations and Trends R in Computer Graphics and Vision Crowdsourcing in Computer Vision Adriana Kovashka, Olga Russakovsky, Li Fei-Fei and Kristen Grauman ISBN: 978-1-68083-212-9 The Path to Path-Traced Movies Per H. Christensen and Wojciech Jarosz ISBN: 978-1-68083-210-5 (Hyper)-Graphs Inference through Convex Relaxations and Move Making Algorithms Nikos Komodakis, M. Pawan Kumar and Nikos Paragios ISBN: 978-1-68083-138-2 A Survey of Photometric Stereo Techniques Jens Ackermann and Michael Goesele ISBN: 978-1-68083-078-1 Multi-View Stereo: A Tutorial Yasutaka Furukawa and Carlos Hernandez ISBN: 978-1-60198-836-2 Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000083 Publishing and Consuming 3D Content on the Web: A Survey Marco Potenziani Visual Computing Lab, ISTI CNR [email protected] Marco Callieri Visual Computing Lab, ISTI CNR [email protected] Matteo Dellepiane Visual Computing Lab, ISTI CNR [email protected] Roberto Scopigno Visual Computing Lab, ISTI CNR [email protected] Boston — Delft Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000083 Foundations and Trends R in Computer Graphics and Vision Published, sold and distributed by: now Publishers Inc. PO Box 1024 Hanover, MA 02339 United States Tel. +1-781-985-4510 www.nowpublishers.com [email protected] Outside North America: now Publishers Inc. -
COLLADA: an Open Standard for Robot File Formats
COLLADA: An Open Standard for Robot File Formats Rosen Diankov*, Ryohei Ueda*, Kei Okada*,Hajime Saito** *JSK Robotics System Laboratory, The University of Tokyo ** GenerarlRobotix Inc. Sept 8, 2011, 09:30-11:00 and 12:30-14:00 Introduction • Robotics Software Platforms – To share research tools between robots • Missing Link: Standard Robot File Format OpenRAVE for planning EusLisp ROS for PR2 Robot File Format OpenHRP for controllers DARwIn-OP Choregraphe for Nao Webots Standard Robot File Format • Define robot file format standards ? – Kinematics, Geometry, Physics – Sensors, Actuators – And more ???? • Content-scalable – There will always be information that another developer wants to insert – NOT adding new information to extend the original content, BUT adding new content. – Manage new content and allow extensibility of existing content with the scalability. COLLADA Features (1) • COLLADA:COLLAborative Design Activity – http://www.khronos.org/collada/ • XML-based open standard • Originally started as 3D model format Mimic joint • Most recent version(1.5) supports physics, kinematics and b-rep splines. • Supported by Blender, OpenSceneGraph and SolidWorks. Closed link COLLADA Specification • Core content management tags to dictate the referencing structures – Geometries, kinematics bodies, physics bodies and joints as libraries • Defines different type of scenes for graphics, physics and kinematics – Bind joints and links to form these scenes, not one- to-one relations between graphics and kinematics • COLLADA kinematics supports -
Implementation of Web 3D Tools for Creating Interactive Walk Through
INTRODUCTION OF SVG AS A DATA INTERCHANGE FORMAT FOR ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATIONS Günter Pomaska Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Germany [email protected] CIPA Working Group VII - Photography Keywords: Architecture, Internet / Web, modelling, architectural heritage conservation, vector graphics Abstract: Web tools provide software for generating data formats and interactive viewing. Since the bandwidth of the Web is still limited, not by technology but accessibility of hardware, several companies introduced their own formats. Targeting to small file formats and speed. One can observe that since 1997 3D environments are published on the Web. Numerous software packages were released to the market. Lots of them escaped soon without reaching importance. Due to the proprietary formats and the limited bandwidth of the Internet connections most of them became failures. VRML, virtual modelling language, was introduced to create and model virtual environments. This standard, defined by the Web 3D consortium, is more used for off-line presentations instead of distributing 3D worlds via the Internet. SVG (scalable vector graphics) introduced in 2001 is limited to 2D and should be the answer of the Web community to Macrome- dia’s Flash. SVG is defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for 2D vector graphics. The success of SVG lies in its standardisation and unification of this XML-based language. With SVG interactive viewing and animation of graphic content is possible. A visitor of a Web site can zoom through maps and drawings, containing a huge amount of data. The quality of the presen- tation is high and even loss-free despite very large-scale factors. -
Visualizing Information Using SVG and X3D Vladimir Geroimenko and Chaomei Chen (Eds) Visualizing Information Using SVG and X3D
Visualizing Information Using SVG and X3D Vladimir Geroimenko and Chaomei Chen (Eds) Visualizing Information Using SVG and X3D XML-based Technologies for the XML-based Web With 125 Figures including 86 Colour Plates 123 Vladimir Geroimenko, DSc, PhD, MSc School of Computing, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK Chaomei Chen, PhD, MSc, BSc College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2875, USA British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Visualizing information using SVG and X3D:XML-based technologies for the XML-based web 1. Information visualization 2. computer graphics 3. SVG (Document markup language) 4. XML (Document markup language) 5. Semantic Web I. Geroimenko,Vladimir, 1955– II. Chen, Chaomei, 1960– 005.2′76 ISBN 1852337907 CIP data available Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as per- mitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the pub- lishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. ISBN 1-85233-790-7 Springer London Berlin Heidelberg Springer is a part of Springer Science Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2005 Printed in the United States of America The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.