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Department of Fisheries of Canada Re1-Ort Of Not to be quoted without specific permission from issuing office. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES OF CANADA RE1-ORT OF RESOURCE DEVELOIdtvit i.).ANCH NEWFOUNDLAND h ..0 ,)N FOR 1966 'I. Dept. of Fizh:aries •f Ganada St. John's, Nfld. ST. JOHN'S, NFLD. FEBRUARY, 1967 Not to be quoted wit t speoifio permission from issuing offioe. Department of Fisheries of Canada REPORT OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BRANCH NEWFOUNDLAND REGION FOR 1966 St, John's, Nfld. Fbbruary, 1967 ( ±) CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 BIO-ENGIMERING INVESTIGATIONS .. 2 Exploits River Development Program 2 Biological Investigations 4 Engineering Investigations 6 Pollution Investigations 8 Exploits River 9 Red Indian Lake • .. 13 Hydro Electric and Other Industrial Developrrents 16 Bay DrEspoir Power Development 16 Terra Nova River Hydro Development 19 Churchill Falls Hydro Development • 22 Newfoundland Pulp and Chemical Company 24 Newfoundland Ammonia and Refining Company Limited 25 Water Supply Development, Stephenville Area 26 Greenland Salmon Fishery Investigations .. 28 BIOLOGICAL SECTION 32 Development Unit 32 Rattling Brook Adult Salmon Trans fe r 32 Camp One Fishway Operations 32 Indian River Controlled Flow Spawning Channel 33 Channel Escapement 34 Spawning Activity 36 Kelt Tagging Program 36 Page Smolt Count 37 Assessment of Fry Production ....... 38 Ele ctrofishing Studies 140 Pollution Unit 141 Iron Ore Company of Canada - Labrador City Wabush Iron Ore Company - Wabush, Labrador 1414 Maritime Mining Corporation - Tilt Cove 145 Whalesback Project, BRINEX - Near Little Bay 145 Gullbridge Mines Limited 46 Consolidated Rambler Mines Limited 47 Electric Reduction Company of Canada Limited 48 Newfoundland Pulp. and Chemical Company .... ... 149 Big Nana Mines Limited 49 Stephenville . DDT Sp raying for Biting Insects • . 50 Lake Management Unit ...... 55 Special Projects Unit 56 Seismic Explorations - 1966 56 Pan-American Pe trole um Explorations 56 Gulf of St. Lawrence Survey by D.M E R 56 Geological Survey of Canada, D.M E R 56 Proposed 1967 Operations 57 Oyster Investigations 57 Fishway Counting tiTrap Data - 1966 60 Page Stream Catalogue 62 Long Harbour River Investigation 63 Smolt Count 63 Adult Count 64 The Estuary 67 River Reconnaissance Surveys 67 Engineering Section 69 Construction and Surveys ... 69 Indian River Counting Fence . 69 Cloud River 70 South West River, Port Blandford 70 Gander River . ... 70 Barry's Brook 71 Brian's Feeder, Portland Creek 71 N.E. Placentia River . 71 Great Rattling Brook, Exploits River .. 73 Brooms Brook, Grand Codroy River 73 Naskaupi River, Labrador 74 Fishway Repairs . 74 Exploits River Development Program ...... 74 Fish Transfer Tank 74 Harry's River, St. George's Bay 75 Sheffield Lake . ........ 75 1967 Engineering Program 76 (iv ) Page Construction 76 Surveys 76 Design 76 SUMMARY .. 77 INTRODUCTION Several significant accomplishments have been recorded during the past year, including: a wastes disposal agreement to protect fishes worked out with a base-metal mining company prior to its going into production; three sources of existing pollution that have taken, or are planning to take, steps to improve wastes disposal practices; a recorded survival to the fry stage at our Indian River Spawning Channel of about 50 percent - almost twice that of earlier years; and, a new spawning channel completed on the Exploits River to examine its effectiveness in establishment of new salmon populations in barren areas. On the less cheerful side was the inability of our Lake Management Unit, due to the departure of the biologist in charge, to carry out any significant work. In the area of ind ustrial de ye lopme nt affecting freshwater areas, we are continuously faced with a dilemma due to the lack of dead" time usually available for necessary investigative work. Either, on the one hand, we attempt to know 11a little bit about a lot of things" and perhaps not handle any of them adequately or, on the other, we concentrate on one or two problems and hope that the others will remain static until we can return to them. Either way, the situation is an unfortunate one which does not necessarily provide the best long term answers to the problems being studied. None-the-less, since industry is unlikely to wait upon our preparedness, or lack of it, this Mumma is one that we must learn to live with. Whilst the Branch is more than fully occupied fighting industrial threats, of one form or another, to the (mainly) freshwater habitat of anadromous fishes, and devoting some effort to development procedures in the same area, the fact that other major ihfl uenoe s on the resource exist in the nature of commercial and sport fisheries must not be lost sight of. It is still an open question as to whether or not escapement through the fisheries is adequate to enable our rivers to produce at optimum levels. If it is not, then this has serious implications as to the ultimate success of other management measures that are being implemented. As in past years, we express our appreciation to all Departmental officers, especially those of the Protection and Conservation Branch, for their help when we have had to call on them for assistance. In particular, we record our indebtedness to the four District Officers without whose co-operation our work would, in many cases, be made much more difficult, -2- BIO-ENGINEERING INVESTIGATIONS Exploits River Development Program The Exploits is the largest river on the Island of Newfoundland, It now supports sea-run Atlantic salmon only in tributaries located below the obstruction known as Grand Falls. This accessible area comprises less than 20 percent of the total watershed of the river (Fig. 1). The Exploits River rises in the Annieopsquotch 'Mountains, in the southwestern region of the island, and flaws in a north-easterly direction for approximately 175 miles to empty into the Bay of Exploits on the northeast coast of Newfoundland. The area of the watershed is 4300 sq. miles. This is divided into three sections by natural and man-made obstructions. The first section, between the river mouth and Grand Falls, has been thoroughly investigated during the past 8 — 10 years and, in addition, some remedial work has been done on obstructions in the same area during this period. The second section, between Grand Falls and Exploits Dam 2% the outlet of Red Indian Lake, is in the early stages of development as a spawning and rearing area for Atlantic salmon. This area, some 1400 sq. miles in extent, is approximately one-third of the total drainage area of the Exploits system. The third section, above Exploits Dam, totals 2100 sq. miles or approximately one-half of the total watershed area. There are 870 miles of tributaries in the whole drainage area of which approximately 575 miles are below the Exploits Dam at Red Indian Lake. Fit I EXPLOITS RIVER WATERSHED AREA BETWEEN RED INDIAN LAKE AND MOUTH The development program underway in the second (or middle) section is directed initially toward establishing a run of Atlantic salmon in the 1400 sq. miles between Grand Falls and Red Indian Lake. To this end the following investigations were carried out in 1 966. Biological Investigations, 1965-1967 During 1965, the Development Unit conducted reconnaissance surveys on several tributaries of the Exploits River between Grand Falls and Red Indian Lake. Besides examining streams and determining their suitability for Atlantic salmon, it was decided to select two test streams for use in experimental fish introductions. Pdult salmon would be transferred to these tributaries from other watersheds. In one stream, fish would spawn in a controlled flow channel; in the second, they would spawn under natural stream conditions. The salmon production arising from these different management procedures would be compared by subsequent assessment of smolt production and adult returns in each tributary. Noel Pauls Brook was chosen for the channel investigation and Mary Snn Brook for the natural part of the spawning experiment (Fig. 2). In 1966, a channel was constructed on Noel Pauls Brook. However, all adult introductions were postponed until 1967 to permit time for the collection of electrofishing data on landlocked fish populations residing in the two streams. This delay also provided an opportunity to select suitable donor streams required as a source of adults for the two test streams. Towards this end, adult enumeration stations were operated in the Upper Humber River at Lower DROP STRUCTURE DROP STRUCTURE OBSERVATION BOOTH - - 231' 556 DIFFUSER F LOW V- 0 CONTROL GATE SCALE I in = 80 ft CONTROL DAM 15' 10 15.0 2.0' — 1275 TYPICAL CHANNEL SECTION SCALE 1/4 in = I ft 0 in FIG.2 NOEL PAUL CONTROLLED FLOW SPAWNING CHANNEL - LAYOUT AND SECTION 6- Adies Stream and at Birchy Basin. It was estimated that salmon escapement to this section of the Humber River was adequate to allow a combined removal of five to seven hundred fish for several years without detriment to stream populations. During 1966, transfer equipment for adult fish was also assembled and tested. In addition, rough access roads to adult release sites on both Mary Ann Brook and Noel Pauls Brook were almost completed. Transfer of adults to the two streams slated for development will begin in 1967. Information on resident populations in these streams will continue to be collected by downstream fyke net assessments in the Spring and by an electrofishing survey over the Summer. Comprehensive follow-up studies will be conducted in subsequent years. Engineering Investigations and Construction The Engineering section constructed a Controlled Flow Spawning Channel and carried out other related surveys on Noel Pauls Brook as part of the Exploits River Development Program A contract was awarded for the construction of a Controlled Flow Spawning Channel on Noel Pauls Brook as the first phase of this development. The channel is approximately 1000 feet long and 15 feet wide at the surface of the spawning gravel (Fig.
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