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Downstream Migration Facilities and Turbine Mortality Evaluation, Atlantic Salmon Smolts at Malay Falls, Nova Scotia

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Downstream Migration Facilities and Turbine Mortality Evaluation, Atlantic Salmon Smolts at Malay Falls, Nova Scotia Downstream Migration Facilities and Turbine Mortality Evaluation, Atlantic Salmon Smolts at Malay Falls, Nova Scotia J. R. Semple Freshwater and Anadromous Division Resource Branch Fisheries and Marine Service Department of Fisheries and Oceans , WA% Halifax, Nova Scotia #9 APR IQ :991 October, 1979 4( litmori ‘-' Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Report No. 1541 Fisheries and Environment Peches et Environnement I* Canada Canada Fisheries Service des peones and Marine Service et de la mer Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Reports These reports contain scientific and technical information that represents an important contribution to existing knowledge but which for some reason may not be appropriate for primary scientific (i.e. Journal) publication. They differ from Technical Reports in terms of subject scope and potential audience: Manuscript Reports deal primarily with national or regional problems and distribution is generally restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Fisheries and Marine Service, namely, fisheries management, technology and development, ocean sciences, and aquatic environ- ments relevant to Canada. Manuscript Reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report will be abstracted by Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and will be indexed annually in the Service's index to scientific and technical publications. Numbers 1-900 in this series were issued as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Biological Board of Canada, and subsequent to 1937 when the name of the Board was changed by Act of Parliament, as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 901-1425 were issued as Manuscript Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. The series name was changed with report number 1426. Details on the availability of Manuscript Reports in hard copy may be obtained from the issuing establishment indicated on the front cover. Service des peches et de la mer Rapports manuscrits Ces rapports contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution importante aux connaissances actuelles mais qui, pour une raison ou pour une autre, ne semblent pas appropries pour la publication dans un journal sciwtifique. Its se distinguent des Rapports techniques par Ia port& du sujet et le lecteur vise; en effet, ils s'attachent principalement a des problemes d'ordre national ou regional et la distribution en est generalement limit& aux organismes et aux personnel de regions particulieres du Canada. Il n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la serie reflete la vaste gamme des interets et des politiques du Service des peches et de la mer, notamment gestion des peches; techniques et developpement, sciences oceaniques et environnements aquatiques, au Canada. Les Manuscrits peuvent etre consideres comme des publications completes. Le titre exact parait au haut du résumé de chaque rapport, qui sera publie dans la revue Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts et qui figuera dans l'index annuel des publications scientifiques et techniques du Service. Les numeros de 1 a 900 de cette serie ont ete publies a titre de manuscrits (Serie biologique) de l'Office de biologie du Canada, et apres le changement de la designation de cet organisme par decret du Parlement, en 1937, ont eta classes en tant que manuscrits (Serie biologique) de l'Office des recherches sur les pecheries du Canada. Les numeros allant de 901 a 1425 ont ete publies a titre de manuscrits de l'Office des recherches sur les pecheries du Canada. Le nom de Ia serie a ete change a partir du rapport numero 1426. La page couverture porte le nom de l'etablissement auteur ou l'on peut se procurer les rapports sous couverture cartonnee. •Cover design by Christine Rusk Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Report No. 1541 October, 1979 DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION FACILITIES AND TURBINE MORTALITY EVALUATION, ATLANTIC SALMON SMOLTS AT MALAY FALLS, NOVA SCOTIA J.R. Semple Freshwater and Anadromous Division Resource Branch Fisheries and Marine Service Department of Fisheries and Oceans Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2S7 ~ Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1979 Cat. No. Fs 52-2/1979-1541 ISSN 0701-7634 iii CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ...•. v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS v ABSTRACT/RESUME . vii INTRODUCTION •.• 1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA AND FACILITIES •• 1 METHODS • . 1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION •..••... 5 Turbine Mortality .. 5 Bypass Efficiency •••....•••. 5 Smolt Migration. • • . • . 8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 13 REFERENCES ••.• 15 v LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1. Estimated turbine mortalities for Atlantic salmon srnolts passing Malay Falls Hydro­ electric Darn, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia, 1975. • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 TABLE 2. Comparison of fish mortalities in Francis turbines at different operating heads and different mean lengths of fish • • • • • • . 6 TABLE 3. Fish bypass efficiency and recovery rates of tagged, hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon srnolts under different test conditions at Malay Falls Hydroelectric Darn, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia ••.••••• . 6 TABLE 4. Chi-square test to determine if tagged, hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon srnolts are taken at the same rate at Ruth Falls louvers, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia . 7 TABLE 5. Mean water velocities for a series of six measurements made at equally spaced stations along the length of the srnolt deflector screens at Malay Falls Hydroelectric Darn, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 8 ' TABLE 6. Hydraulic data for the fish bypass at Malay Falls Hydroelectric Darn, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia .•.••••• 8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIG. 1. East River Sheet Harbour, showing its geo­ graphic position and various site develop­ ments and work locations . • • • . • • 2 FIG. 2. Site plan of Malay Falls Hydroelectric Darn, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia •. 2 FIG. 3. Mean monthly river discharge below Malay Falls Hydroelectric Darn, showing turbine flow capacity and period of spillway discharge. 3 FIG. 4. Transverse section through Malay Falls Hydroelectric Darn on center line of Unit No. 1, showing forebay and tailrace water levels . 3 vi FIG. 5. Relationship between rate of power production and percent turbine mortality for Atlantic salmon smolts at Malay Falls Hydroelectric Dam, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 5 FIG. 6. Relationship between bypass efficiency and rate of power production for Atlantic salmon smolts at Malay Falls Hydroelectric Dam, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia, without deflectors. 7 FIG. 7. Relationship between bypass efficiency and rate of power production for Atlantic salmon smolts at Malay Falls Hydroelectric Dam, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia, with a deflec­ tor guidance system • . • • • . • • • • . • • 8 FIG. 8. Seasonal distribution of wild Atlantic salmon smolts and average daily water temperature at Malay Falls, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 9 FIG. 9. (A-J) • Daily and cumulative rates of passage of turbine and bypass smolts from Malay Falls forebay to Ruth Falls louvers, East River Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia •••..••••••••• 10 vii ABSTRACT Semple, J.R. 1979. Downstream migration facilities and turbine mortality evaluation, Atlantic salmon smolts at Malay Falls, Nova Scotia. Fish Mar. Serv. Man. Rep. No.l541, 22p. Fish passage studies were cond~cted at Malay Falls Hydroelect:ic Dam, on East River Sheet Harbour Nova Scotia. Test f1sh were hatchery-reared Atlant1c salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt, equal to or greater than 15 centimetres fork_length. _Turbine mortality, down~tream passage rate, and efficiency of a surface bypass (w1th and w1thout a forebay deflect1on system) were evaluated, with smolts being rel=ased 100 metres upstream from the bypass. Turbine mortality averaged 10.6±2.3 percent (x ± S- to.os) and was re~uced to 5.1-5.7 P7r­ cent of the total emmigrant smolt by operation of ~ surface bypass w1thout a forebay f1sh deflector. Bypass efficiencies averaged 45.9 percent (21.7-71.4 percent) without the deflector for the five-day individual tests, and 51.7 percent (32.2-80.9 percent) for the whole recovery period of each test lot. Provision of a forebay deflector system to guide smolt to the bypass failed to improve bypass efficiency. Mean bypass efficiencies fo: these tests_ranged from 18.1 to 20.4 per­ cent for five-day tests and total recapture per1ods, respect1vely. The majority (86.0-86.4 percent) of test fish recovered were recaptured in the bypass within five days of release in Malay Falls forebay. Time to median (50 percent) recapture of all test fish at Ruth Falls louvers, 5.8 kilometres downstream, indicated that bypass smolts were one day later arriving than were turbine smolts. Key words: Atlantic salmon smolt, hydroelectric dam, downstream migration, surface bypass, deflector, bypass efficiency, downstream passage rate, turbine mortality. RESUME Semple, J.R. 1979. Downstream migration facilities and turbine mortality evaluation, Atlantic salmon smolts at Malay Falls, Nova Scotia. Fish. Mar. Serv. Man. Rep. Nq. 1541, 22 p. Des etudes sur le passage des poissons ont ete effectuees au barrage de l'usine hydro­ electrique d'East River Sheet Harbour a Malay Falls (Nouvelle-Ecosse). Les sujets ayant servi a l'experience etaient des tacons atlantiques (Salmo salar L.) provenant d'un etab­ lissement piscicole et ayant une longueur a la fourche d'au moins 15 centimetres. On a ~value la mortalite attribuable aux turbines, la vitesse d'avalaison et l'efficacite d'une passe migratoire amenagee en surface (avec et sans dispositif de deviation du bief d'amont) en lachant des tacons a 100 metres en amont de la passe migratoire. L'utilisation de la passe migratoire sans dispositif pour faire devier le poisson du bief d'amont a reduit la mortalite attribuable aux turbines, qui atteignait en moyenne 10,6 ± 2,3 pour cent, (X± Sx thos), a 5,1-5,7 pour cent de l'ensemble des saumoneaux de descente.
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