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Strategic Environmental Assessment Baseline Information Profile

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Strategic Environmental Assessment Baseline Information Profile Strategic Environmental Assessment Baseline Information Profile December 2010 Prepared For Braintree District Council by Essex County Council The information contained in this document can be made available in alternative formats: large print, Braille, audio tape or on disk. We can also translate this document in to other languages CONTENTS CONTENTS Figure List ............................................................................................................................iii Table List ............................................................................................................................vii 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 2 Local Development Framework Progress .................................................................3 PART ONE: Natural Environment....................................................................................5 3 Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna ...................................................................................7 4 Landscape ..............................................................................................................21 5 Air Quality ...............................................................................................................35 6 Climatic Factors ......................................................................................................47 7 Water Quality ..........................................................................................................65 8 Flooding ..................................................................................................................85 9 Soils, Minerals and Waste.......................................................................................90 PART TWO: Built Environment....................................................................................116 10 Cultural Heritage and Townscape.........................................................................118 11 Health....................................................................................................................128 12 Population and Social ...........................................................................................146 13 Economy ...............................................................................................................160 14 Housing.................................................................................................................208 15 Transport...............................................................................................................220 Bibliography..................................................................................................................... 247 i CONTENTS This page is intentionally left blank ii FIGURE LIST FIGURE LIST Figure 1: Percentage Changes in Wild Bird Indicators by Region 1994 – 2008.............8 Figure 2: East of England Wild Bird Indices 1994 - 2008...............................................9 Figure 3: Location of Sites of Specific Scientific Interest within Braintree District ........11 Figure 4: Condition of Sites of Specific Scientific Interest in Braintree District based on Last Assessment...........................................................................14 Figure 5: Location of Local Nature Reserves in Braintree District................................16 Figure 6: Location of Local Wildlife Sites in Braintree District ......................................18 Figure 7: Location of Special Landscape Areas in Braintree District............................22 Figure 8: Location of Landscape Character Areas in Braintree District........................24 Figure 9: Location of Ancient Woodland, Historic Parks and Gardens, Protected Lanes and Special Verges in Braintree District.............................................33 Figure 10: Location of NO2 Monitoring Tubes in Braintree District 2010........................40 Figure 11: Annual Mean Concentrations of Benzene (concentrations in μgm-3) ............42 Figure 12: Major Roads within Braintree District............................................................44 Figure 13: Consumption of Energy in GWh by Consuming Sector in Braintree 2005 – 2007...........................................................................................................49 Figure 14: Total CO2 Emissions in kt in Braintree and Essex 2005 – 2008 ...................51 Figure 15: Total per Capita Emissions of CO2 in Tonnes within Braintree District and Essex 2005 – 2008 ................................................................................53 Figure 16: NI186 – per Capita Emissions of CO2 in Tonnes within Essex 2008 ............54 Figure 17: Per Capita Emissions of CO2 in Tonnes from Road Transport within Essex 2008 ...................................................................................................55 Figure 18: Proportional Reduction of CO2 Emissions per Capita between 2005 and 2008..............................................................................................................56 Figure 19: Proportion of Total Energy Consumption in Essex from Renewables 2007..............................................................................................................58 Figure 20: 67% Likelihood of Change in Annual Mean Temperature under a Medium Emissions Scenario in East of England...........................................61 Figure 21: Percentage Change in Summer Mean Precipitation within East of England under a Medium Emissions Scenario .............................................62 Figure 22: Percentage Change in Winter Mean Precipitation within East of England under a Medium Emissions Scenario............................................................63 Figure 23: Main Rivers within Braintree District .............................................................66 Figure 24: Aquifers in Essex County Council.................................................................67 Figure 25: River and lake water bodies in the Combined Essex river catchment ..........69 Figure 26: River R1 (Doomsey Brook) ...........................................................................70 Figure 27: River R4 (Ter) ...............................................................................................71 Figure 28: River R16 (River Chelmer)............................................................................72 Figure 29: River R23 (Blackwater Pant).........................................................................75 Figure 30: River R91 (Brain) ..........................................................................................76 Figure 31: River R102 (Boreham Tributary)...................................................................78 Figure 32: River R115 (River Blackwater)......................................................................79 Figure 33: Spatial Extent of Flood Zones 2 and 3 (a and b) in Braintree District ...........86 iii FIGURE LIST Figure 34: Agricultural Land Classification in Essex ......................................................91 Figure 35: Braintree District Agricultural Land Classification .........................................92 Figure 36: Total Waste Arisings per Dwelling by Essex Districts and Boroughs 2008-2009 to 2009-2010...............................................................................93 Figure 37: Total District Waste Tonnage Sent to Landfill by Braintree District and the Waste Collection Authority in 2000 – 2010 .............................................94 Figure 38: Proportion of District Waste which was Re-used/Recycled in Essex 2009 – 2010..................................................................................................96 Figure 39: Proportion of District Waste which was Composted in Essex 2009 – 2010..............................................................................................................96 Figure 40: District Waste Collection per Dwelling in Essex 2009 – 2010.......................98 Figure 41: Waste Collected from RCHWs per Dwelling in Essex 2008 – 2009............101 Figure 42: Proportion of Household Waste Landfilled in Braintree and Essex 2000 – 2010.........................................................................................................103 Figure 43: Proportion of Household Waste Recycled in Braintree and Essex 2000 – 2010.........................................................................................................105 Figure 44: Proportion of RCHW Waste Landfilled in Braintree and Essex 2000 - 2010............................................................................................................106 Figure 45: Proportion of RCHW Waste Recycled in Braintree and Essex 2000 – 2010............................................................................................................108 Figure 46: Location of Listed Buildings in Braintree District .........................................120 Figure 47: Location of Scheduled Monuments in Braintree District..............................123 Figure 48: Location of Conservation Areas in Braintree District...................................126 Figure 49: Braintree District Comparison of Directly Standardised Mortality Rate for All Circulatory Diseases for People under 75 1998 - 2008..........................129 Figure 50: Braintree District Comparison of Directly Standardised Mortality Rate
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