EYLHS Newsletter 39 summer / autumn 2018

Newsletter of the East Local History Society Front cover: Detail from an early 18th century illustration of Risby Hall (Gott Collection, Wakefield Museum)

Contributions

Based in Hull it is not always easy to keep track of events in other parts of the Riding; news that members could contribute on their town or village should be sent to the editor.

Short articles, illustrated or unillustrated, news on libraries, archives, museums, societies or education, queries other people may be able to answer, etc. for inclusion in future newsletters should also be sent to the editor.

Newsletter Edited by Robert Barnard 825 Anlaby Rd, Hull, HU4 6DJ Telephone 01482 506001 e-mail [email protected]

Published by the East Yorkshire Local History Society Secretary Jenny Stanley 15 Southcote Close, South Cave, HU15 2BQ Telephone 01430 422833 e-mail [email protected]

Printed by Kall Kwik, Hull News from the Society

Programme Saturday 3 November 2018 Education Room, Treasure House, As usual, the Society has arranged a full programme of lectures and excursions 2.00pm Please support the events and bring ‘The Statute Hiring Fairs of East along your friends. Yorkshire: The Highlight of the Rural Year, 1890-1925’ PLEASE NOTE: Please make all Talk and Presentation cheques payable to the East Yorkshire Speaker: Stephen Caunce Local History Society. All cheques and Hiring fairs are now largely forgotten, booking slips should be sent to the but they were eagerly anticipated Programme Co-ordinator. every year across most of northern until surprisingly recent times, Programme Co-ordinator: especially in the East Riding. They Pamela J Martin (Tel no 01482 442221; began simply to link employers with e-mail [email protected]) workers, male and female, who were seeking farm jobs, but by 1890 much Friday 19 October 2018 more went on and few would willingly Education Room, Treasure House, have missed them. Beverley Cost: £3 per person 2.00pm Max No. 40 people ‘Public Health and the Medical **Own Transport Professions in 17th century Hull’ Talk and Presentation Speaker: Mike Rymer Participation in events Cost: £3 per person As reported in previous years, it has Max. No. 40 people not been possible to arrange group **Own Transport insurance for events. We therefore strongly recommend that members Saturday 27 October 2018 and their friends take out personal Local History Book Fair accident/loss insurance, or include Venue: Hull Minster (formerly Holy this in their households policies. We Trinity Parish Church), 10 King St, Hull, would also stress the need for suitable HU1 2JJ clothing - in particular, sturdy footwear 10.00am – 03.30pm and waterproofs - for outdoor events. Free Entry **Own Transport Please note There is usually a waiting list for most of the Society’s events. If you book an event and then find you cannot attend,

3 please inform the Programme Co- the copper wires of yesteryear were ordinator. Please do not transfer your first insulated in paper and eventually booking to a relative or friend without plastic derivatives and then encased in first consulting the Programme lead pipes. These were so heavy that C-ordinator, whose telephone number inspection hatches had to be placed can be found at the beginning of this every 100 to 150 yards. section. Thank you. Spencer explained the problems of copper wire regarding ingress of Review of EYLHS Events water and shorting out compared to the resistance of modern fibre optic KCOM Lighthouse Building systems. 10 May 2018 Spencer answered all of our questions On a sunny spring afternoon 7 intrepid with clear answers and finally EYLHS members found their way demonstrated an “ultra HD” TV with through an industrial estate in west super fast fibre optic connections Hull to the Lighthouse Building of producing a “surreal” colour experience. KCOM. Wenceslaus Hollar’s map of Hull We were met by Spencer Barrett who 25 May 2018 provided an excellent history of the origins of the telephone, the Hull Professor English gave us an excellent Telephone company in 1902 and on to illustrated talk and explained that her the present day. particular interest in this map was sparked by the recent discovery of the On 22 August 1902, Hull Corporation original copper plate on which it was (which later became Hull City Council) engraved. The plate was on show at the was granted a licence under the Ferens Art Gallery last year but it is now Telegraph Act 1899 to operate a permanently on display at the British municipal telephone system in the Library. area, opening its first telephone exchange on 28 Hollar was born in Prague in 1607. As November 1904 at the former Trippett a young man he went to Frankfurt Street Baths. where he trained as an engraver. He was a handsome man who moved in Examples of early telephones and exalted circles but he may have had systems and their development to the a defective eye which assisted his ultra fast fibre optic systems currently artistic skills. By 1633 he was working being rolled out across the KCOM in Cologne where he met Thomas, area were demonstrated utilising real Earl of Arundel, who was an avid art life exhibits. Spencer showed how collector. The Earl admired his work

4 which could be favourably compared because my ancestor Robert Langley to Durer and decided that Hollar was of Elloughton owned two properties the man he wanted to make a record on High Street, including one at the of his extensive collection of artworks. north end which was comparable to This led to Hollar’s move to England in Wilberforce House and where one of 1636 where he spent most of the rest his tenants was Thomas Broadley, and of his life. a garden house on the north side of Salthouse Lane. Professor English described the complex and exacting process by The top picture is a landscape of Hull which the image was produced by viewed from the River . This Hollar involving a copper plate, wax, shows the city wall, the entrance sharp needles and acid. A beaver hat to the and the south and dipped in oil was used for the final middle blockhouses with shipping polishing. on the Humber. The two outstanding buildings are Holy Trinity Church and The image is divided into three distinct what was probably Suffolk Palace. parts: In the bottom right hand corner is a The main picture is a bird’s eye view of plan of the coastal areas of Holderness the city within its walls and bounded and north east . This map by the Rivers Humber and Hull with is in a strange orientation with the the immediate surroundings including east at the top but the details can be a clear representation of the three compared with Christopher Saxton’s blockhouses and interconnecting first county maps published in 1579 walls on the east side of the River and John Speed’s early 17th century Hull. This view is an astonishing piece publications. of work and has been replicated and used many times to illustrate the city By studying the whole image in detail sometimes long after the environment it can be fairly confidently concluded had been changed by development. that it was created in 1639. It also shows the Beverley Gate where the first hostile confrontation of the A final touch of humour is that a English Civil War took place when Sir decorative mug with a copy of Hollar’s John Hotham refused Charles I entry Hull can be purchased from zazzle. to the city and access to the arms and co.uk (an American company). munitions stored there. There is also a busy waterfront along the River Hull The talk was very well received and one with ships and staithes and a street of the comments was that the bird’s eye layout that can still be recognised. I was view seemed to be from a thousand particularly interested in the debate feet above what is now Ferensway. about whether the representations of the houses were factually c orrect Richard Walgate.

5 A guided walk at Risby. In 1401 the medieval manor of Risby 14th July 2018 passed by marriage to the Ellerker family who rose to regional and The historical importance of Risby is not national prominence in the course of as widely appreciated as it deserves. A the 16th and 17th centuries. Sir Ralph significant step towards addressing this Ellerker (1461-1539) and his eldest deficiency was taken between 2010 son (also Ralph, 1489-1546) were and 2012, when local archaeologists, knighted after the Battle of Flodden funded by Natural England, undertook in 1513. To reflect their growing status a survey of land around Park Farm, it is likely that they extensively rebuilt Risby, on behalf of the farm’s owner, the existing manor house, probably in John Clappison. It was with the kind the area of the present farm buildings permission of Mr Clappison that though its precise location is uncertain. twenty-one EYLHS members were Later records show it as a substantial treated to an illuminating guided tour by Ed Dennison who compiled the report of the survey.

Although no actual excavations had been undertaken, much information had been gleaned from a study of available documents, early maps and aerial photographs, together with a detailed survey of surviving earthworks. These revealed four notable features of the historic landscape as follows: Towards the earthworks of the terraces to the north, evidence for building with fifteen hearths. agricultural exploitation in the Roman period; Henry VIII, in the course of his northern at Cellar Heads, the site of a Tudor progress of 1541, is known to have deer park and moated lodge; stayed overnight at Risby where he close to the present farm was lavishly entertained, possibly at buildings, a hollow way, alongside the moated lodge within the deer park. which had lain the eventually In 1675 the estate was inherited by deserted mediaeval village and Sir James Bradshaw of Bromborough, probably the mediaeval manor Cheshire, via his wife Dorothy, house itself; daughter and heir of John Ellerker. In and, slightly north of this, 1684, Bradshaw set about building earthworks identifying the site Risby Hall, a fine new house of three and terraced gardens of Risby storeys with a seven-bay frontage Hall. and impressive walled and terraced

6 gardens, sited somewhat further north ponds) and the walls of the folly are still of the original settlement. standing.

The well-defined tiered earthworks Geoffrey Collier of the terraces remain readily recognisable, immediately south of Visit to Saltmarshe & the site of the Hall, and these were the 8 June 2018 ultimate destination of the visit. Members of the Society visited Saltmarshe & Howden on June 8th 2018. Our leader for the whole day was Susan Butler, a local historian who is an expert on Howdenshire. Susan Lives in Saltmarshe. We all met at her home ‘Joiner’s Cottage’ next to the high Ouse flood bank. The property includes a barn and another small cottage, where there was enough to hold our attention for the whole morning. We noted that The Gothic Folly, July 2018 the cottage chimney (a central stack) was smoking in honour of our visit but we had to gather in the barn first! The In 1742, Sir James’s son, Ellerker two vernacular buildings form Susan’s Bradshaw, bequeathed Risby to Eaton small museum. Mainwaring of Cheshire, on condition that he adopted the family name of Susan and a local historian from Ellerker. So, in the late 1760s, it was , Gilbert Tawn, together gave Eaton Mainwaring Ellerker who began us an illustrated talk to explain the a more fashionable landscaping of the history and restoration of the barn and grounds around the Hall, creating a cottage. The barn is stacked high with series of lakes to the east and building shelves holding leather-bound copies a new stable block to the west. A of the ‘Goole Times’, to which no-one lakeside gothic folly was built around had been willing to give space, neither 1770. the newspaper or local archives. Gilbert had ensured that the barn was dry. The Hall is believed to have been severely damaged by fire, firstly in The cottage is of a type now the late 1770s and again in about increasingly rare. There is a datestone 1784. It was subsequently completely over the door – 1763. It is a one-and- demolished. Most of the lakes survive a-half storey building with raised and (as commercially operated fishing tumbled gables, a steeply-pitched roof, with a central stack, and a central

7 low doorway. The interior has a brick Historian 18 floor thast gets damp in winter, being at river level. There was much to corrections photograph here. The cottage’s two rooms were surprisingly spacious, In last year’s ‘Historian’ the references with an inglenook. It was the home at end of a few articles were not of a yeoman farmer, not a labourer. reproduced correctly, this was due to Susan had acquired furniture, utensils a very ‘buggy’ update to the computer and artefacts, including local bricks program we use. Full notes to the stamped PSS (Philip Saltmarshe affected articles are below. Sandhall). We were fascinated by the collection. The family would have slept Suffolk Palace upstairs, in the roof space round the 1 From north to south the cluster chimney stack – dark but warm. of streets were; Hanover Square, Duke Street, Anne Street, Ros Street The programme for the day included (?), Duncan’s Passage, Manor Street, a ‘light lunch’ in Saltmarshe, which Pell Mell Court, Cook’s Buildings, we assumed would be a couple of Leadenhall Square, Manor Alley, Eaton sandwiches and a sausage roll! The Street and Winter’s Alley. light lunch ‘Joiner’s Cottage’ version, Alfred Gelder Street is a product of late in the garden, was the highlight of 19th century civic improvement, the the day: several varieties of sandwich, Guildhall was completed in 1914 (see tarts, pies, scones, buns, trifle, fruit Gillett and MacMahon, 1990, 416-419). salad, oodles of cream, sorbet, at least 2 See Gillett and MacMahon, 1990, 216. seven different cakes. All prepared by 3 See Gillett and MacMahon, 1990, Gilbert’s wife, Gloria. We returned to 228-230. the barn for ‘seconds’ – and ‘thirds’. 4 For a study of landholding in this period see Clarke, R. ‘Hull in the In the afternoon we moved on Beginning’ (East Yorkshire Historian, to Howden, where Susan made a Vol. 14, 2013, p. 23-25 plus website). walkabout beyond the Bishop’s hall 5 John Leland, 1506-1552, became to the Ashes area. Finally, she opened the ‘King’s Antiquary’ to Henry VIII. His up the new Howden Heritage Centre Itinerary, still in manuscript form when in the Market Place, after closing time, he died, was published in the late 18th so that we could look at an interesting century. Leland was often known as range of drawings and photographs. ‘the father of English topography’. It rounded off a memorable day for 6 For further notes on medieval which we must thank Susan Butler, and building materials and brick-making Gilbert and Gloria Tawn as well as Pam locally see Gillett and MacMahon Martin and Sue and Keith Wade. (1989, Ch. 3). 7 Horrox, R. The De la Poles of Hull (East Joan Kemp. Yorkshire Local History Soc., 1983, 3).

8 8 For an examination of the lives of 15 The estuarine clays on which the the De la Pole brothers and of their medieval town stood provided fertile connection with J. Rottenherring see grazing land all along the north Horrox, chapter 1. For a consideration Humber lowlands ; see Clarke (2016 of the connection between the rise of plus website). merchants in Hull and the demise of 16 This is one of many maps published Ravenser Odd see Clarke (2013). by John Speed in his Theatre of the 9 Allison records that once re-built Empire of Great Britaine (1611-1612), by Michael De la Pole it was known later reprinted. as ‘Courthall’. Later still it was known 17 This west tower presents a problem as the ‘King’s Manor’ or ‘King’s Manor as the church’s late 15th century tower House’, see later. collapsed in the 1510s and the present 10 A term usually interpreted as tower was not built until 1697 (see meaning sleeping quarters or just Neave, 2005, 511). Perhaps then a third rooms. This suggests a considerable tower had been built between 1514 degree of internal room delineation, a and 1697, or maybe, the tower shown progressive idea for the 14th century. was illustrative licence. 11 Whether the phrases garden-house 18 Even when unoccupied such an and ‘somerhalle’ refer to a building in extensive property would still have the grounds detached from the main required a ‘skeleton staff’. complex or some sort of conservatory 19 In particular they retained close incorporated into the main complex, contact with the Carthusian monastery, presumably south-facing, is not clear. Charterhouse, which owed its original Any glass incorporated could only have endowment to the family. For a more been in the form of small panes, plate detailed consideration of this point see glass being a much later technology, Horrox (1983, 39-42). and even so would have been hugely 20 John Leland, see footnote 5. expensive. 21 Sheahan (1866, 105). 12 To be so the entrance would have 22 However, the name ‘King’s Manor’ needed to have been on the north side seems to have endured. of the triangular plot. 23 Sheahan lists the following stock; 13 A rood is defined as 40 square poles, ’50 pieces of large ordnance, 200,000 this converting to 200 sq. yards. A muskets carbines, pistols and swords, courtyard of 400 sq. yards (or one tenth 14,000 spades, wheelbarrows, shovels, of an acre) seems improbable and does powder, shot and match’. A further not conform with pictorial evidence ‘1,200 muskets, 300 pikes, six brass (see later). canon, seven petards, 400 cannon 14 Sometimes written descriptions balls, 30 barrels of powder and 24 from the past can be difficult to barrels of musket shot’ were purchased reconstruct until the reader realises in Holland and shipped across the that the author got their directions North Sea. wrong, this may be the case here. 24 Sheahan (1866, 408).

9 25 Allison (1969, 312 and 412). Shapiro in detaching Shakespeare 26 This term almost certainly meaning from the company at this time. timber framed with some variety of 7 KHRO Bench Book 4 f.72. wattle-and-daub infill. 8 KHRO Bench Book 4 f.325. 27 See Neave, S. Medieval Parks of 9 See above, Locating the Queen’s Men, East Yorkshire (1991) and Neave, D. 1583-1603, passim. And Waterson, E. Lost Houses of East 10 William Guthrie, A general history of Yorkshire (1988). The site of Leconfield Scotland from the earliest accounts to Castle may still be visited by public the present time London, 1768, vol. 8, p. footpaths from the village, the moat 358. remains intact. 11 The National Archives SP 12/117, 37. The 14th century De la Poles could only 12 KHRO Bench Book 4 f.109 & 166v- have had a hunting park on the land of 167. their Myton Manor beyond the town 13 http://www.uh.edu/waalt/index. walls, however, they chose a more php/Elizabethan_Star_Chamber_ commercial option and grazed flocks Project of sheep (see Clarke, R. 2016). 14 N. E. McClure ed. The letters and epigrams of Sir John Harington, 1930, Shakespeare letter 44. 1 When I first read this, it was KHRO 15 A good example is the Hull petition Bench Book 4 f.325v. It is now HHC C of 1601, Cecil Papers Petitions 2045. BRB/2 f.325v. 16 KHRO Bench Book 4 f.117v 2 KHRO Bench Book 4, f.259. 3 Helen Ostovich, Holger Schott Syme Cotton Industry and Andrew Griffin, eds, Locating 1 T. Blashill Evidences Relating to East the Queen’s Men, 1583-1603: Material Hull A Brown, Hull, 1903. Practices and Conditions of Playing, 2 Hull History Centre collection. Ashgate, 2009, passim. 3C Ketchell Lime Street in the Groves, 4 KHRO Bench Book 4 f.286. Guided walk notes, Local History 5 Chris Laoutaris, Shakespeare and the Archives Unit. Countess: The Battle that Gave Birth to 4 Hull History Centre collection. the Globe, 2015. 5 K.Allison (ed). A History of the County 6 James Shapiro, 1599: A Year in the Life of East Riding Vol.I The City of of William Shakespeare (2006) sends Kingston upon Hull, Oxford 1969 (Also Shakespeare on an imagined trip to online at www.victoriacountyhistory. Stratford in this month. He has no ac.uk). evidence, but the idea is useful for the 6 Decennial Census, Hull History structure of the book. I should also say Centre. that Professor Sir Stanley Wells, doyen 7D & S Neave Pevsner Architectural of Shakespeare editors (and born in Guides , Hull Yale, 2010. Hull), disagrees with me. He follows 8 Joyce M Bellamy ‘Cotton Manufacturing in ...... Hull’ Business

10 History vol 4 (2), pp.91 - 108 ; footnote Publishing,2017 ;287 pp; illustrated in p223. colour and b/w, £20. ISBN 978 1 4456 9 J.M Bellamy The Trade and Shipping 6123 0 of Nineteenth Century Hull EYLHS, 1971, reprinted 1979. Admiral Lawson is a significant 17th 10 J. Rylands The Distressed Cotton century figure who has previously Operatives, 1864. escaped close scrutiny, despite a 11 VCH figures, p.215. short entry in the Dictionary of 12 Rental evidences accessed by National Biography, and is footnoted student Nancy Burley in the Local in accounts of the naval battles in Studies Library c.1990. which he played a vital part. The main 13 Part One of the Inquiry was Friday reason for this neglect being the lack 21 December 1849 (The Hull Advertiser of a significant corpus of documents was published each Friday from 1820). which can be examined in one place. 14 T Blashill Evidences Relating to East The author, a professional genealogist, Hull, A Brown Hull 1903. has painstakingly sought out the 15 History of the Streets of Hull Collected scattered material and assembled his by Mr W Sykes from Mr J Richardson’s MSS story within the context of the Civil War (1841/1915). A Malet Lambert reprint, and Restoration in which his role both No. 1 in the Extra Volumes series. politically and as a naval commander 16 Hull History Centre collection. has been largely unnoticed. 17 Now a Care Home. 18 Many of the names recorded here Born in Scarborough 1615 he went to can readily be researched using a sea in the coal trade becoming a part wide range of sources in the History owner of a collier trading between the Centre. One interesting volume is north of England and London. In July ‘Contemporary Biographies’, WT Pike, 1645 he helped prevent the Royalists Brighton 1903. aiding the Scarborough castle garrison 19 Quoting a Bank of England (Hull which fell to the Parliamentarians. Branch) official : J M Bellamy The Trade He was elected to the town’s ruling and Shipping of Nineteenth Century Hull, body and in 1646 became a captain in EYHLS, 1971, reprinted 1979. the New Model Army under the new 20 G Wilkinson and G Watkins Forgotten governor Col. Boynton. Scarborough Hull, Kingston Press 1999; Wilkinson G subsequently became a Royalist Forgotten Hull 2, Kingston Press, 2000. stronghold and as a result Lawson moved to Hull where he was a witness at the trial of the Hothams. Book Reviews After the execution of the King and Gill Blanchard Lawson lies still in the establishment of the Commonwealth Thames; the extraordinary life of Vice Lawson was mainly occupied in Admiral Sir John Lawson Amberley combating pirates and privateers,

11 many of them working in the Royalist In this heated political environment cause. The country was bankrupt and Lawson was arrested as a suspected pay for the armed forces was in arrears, supporter of the Fifth Monarchy men so Lawson found he was increasingly who wanted ‘godly government’, dependant on his own resources to disestablishment of the church, and maintain his role. Many people were freedom of conscience in religion, voicing their dissatisfaction and except of course for Roman Catholics! wondering whether anything had The detested Barebones Parliament been achieved since the dissolution of was dissolved and replaced by a the monarchy. Council of State, but under the Lord Protector who increasingly took on the Eventually Crown lands were sold to trappings of monarchy. help pay for the military, and in an attempt to break the dominance of In 1654 peace was established with the Dutch in trade an Act was passed the Dutch and Lawson and was able forbidding the import of goods in to persuade his colleagues to agree foreign ships. In the ensuing war, at that sailors should receive their pay the battle of Portland, February 1653, more regularly and that impressments under Sir Robert Blake, the Dutch fleet be ended. Soon after the army was defeated with the loss of 17 men- established a military dictatorship and of-war and 50 merchant vessels from Lawson resigned from the Council the convoy. Subsequently Lawson of State. Once again, in 1657, he was was appointed Rear Admiral and was temporarily in custody suspected of constantly engaged in naval skirmishes conspiracy and there was widespread in the English channel and North Sea. unrest across the country. In June the Dutch were again routed at the Battle of the Gabbard, for which A new constitution created a Lawson and his fellow admirals were parliament with a second chamber, but given a gold chain and a medal. under Cromwell as His Highness Lord Protector, who sat enthroned with a After Cromwell had dissolved the golden sceptre in one hand and bible Rump Parliament and proclaimed in the other. After the death of Oliver himself Lord Protector there was great Cromwell in 1658 he was succeeded disappointment that the supremacy by his son Richard, as Lord Protector, of parliament was being lost. A plan with an empty Exchequer, and unable was hatched to blow up Whitehall to pay his troops. He was soon forced and a blunderbuss furnished with out of office by the army and an 30-40 bullets was found in a house attempt was made to re-establish the overlooking Cromwell’s route to Commonwealth under the guidance of Hampton Court. a true parliament.

12 Lawson was reinstated as Vice- St Dunstans church, near to the Tower Admiral, and took overall command of London. Because of the outbreak of of the fleet, his task being to repel plague none of his family, then living in any attempted Royalist invasion, in the country, attended the burial, and the light of uprisings in Bristol and no commemorative tablet or plaque elsewhere. He was ordered with was ever placed there to mark his his fleet to Gravesend to support grave. Parliament, though different factions had varying opinions as to how this Thus ended the remarkable life of Sir might be made to function. A return to John Lawson, who progressed from a totally free parliament would surely merchant seaman to Vice-Admiral, mean a dominance of moderates and and though a staunch believer in Royalist sympathisers as MPs, and the the supremacy of Parliament was side-lining of the religious zealots, but instrumental in the Restoration of Lawson and others were eventually the monarchy. His life and career persuaded this was the only course. demonstrates the conflicting loyalties, personal, family and political, which There was a desperate need for characterised the Civil War and its stability and a revitalised economy aftermath. It was hardly possible to instead of the threat of another Civil plot a path through life without being War or a military coup. An assurance considered a traitor or turncoat at was received from Charles II of a full some stage in one’s career, and it was pardon for all except those who had inevitable that individuals frequently signed the death warrant of his father. took decisions that were contradictory The Restoration of the monarchy was and mutually incompatible. agreed by Parliament and in September 1660 Lawson received a knighthood This volume rescues Lawson from from the King as a key figure in the undeserved obscurity and in doing so return of royal rule. provides an overview of the divisions and contradictions which characterise Lawson was then engaged in the the Commonwealth, Protectorate, and policing of Tangiers against the Barbary subsequent Restoration. corsairs. This was Britain’s first foothold on the African continent which had Arthur G.Credland been part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza, the Portuguese princess Remembering Life in Hull: A further who had married Charles Stuart. photographic recollection, Michael E Then there was yet another major Ulyatt, self published, 2018, £14 engagement with the Dutch fleet off Over many years Mr Ulyatt has produced the Texel, where he received an injury 24 publications, inevitably some are to his leg. He died from the subsequent long out of print. This volume is a infection and was buried in a vault at compilation of three Dalesman books,

13 Humber Shipping (1983), Life in Old where the merchants had become Hull (1983) and Old Hull Remembered dominant, through their marketing (1986, there are additional photos and skills and access to credit. expanded captions.

The book is divided into sections, Shipping and Transport (including a longer piece on the Whaler Diana), Street Scenes, Sport, Buildings, Entertainment. The contents page is, slightly oddly, on page 8, after three pages of photographs. It is a good mixture of familiar and unusual images.

There will be a book launch and signing on 22 September at the People’s Memorial Shop, Whitefriargate, Hull, between 12:00am and 2:00pm.

Robert Barnard The ‘putting-out’ system became the norm with individual craftsmen John S. Lee The Medieval Clothier working at home, and with significant The Boydell Press 2018, 364pp, with portions of the day available for other 20 black and white plates, 10 colour part-time activity. The raw materials plates, 11 figures,6 maps and 5 tables; were provided by the clothier who £25. ISBN 978 1 78327 317 1 was able to impose quality control, A very useful account of the English drive down the production costs, and cloth trade, 1350-1550, from the time then was responsible for selling the of the ‘Black Death’ to the economic finished article. The replacement of the collapse of the Antwerp market. The distaff with the spinning wheel, and key primary sources are listed, as also the horizontal by the vertical loom, books and academic papers, theses and as well as fulling in a mill rather than online sources, much of the material by foot, all had a dramatic effect on being from the last thirty years. productivity. Most of these local men sold on the cloth to merchants, but a In the late 14th century the trade was few built extensive trading links within centred on a few major towns, notably their region, or even shipped overseas. Coventry, Colchester, Norwich, and Payment was delayed until after the York. By the second half of the 15th cloth was delivered to the merchants century production had moved into and in times of economic crisis the the countryside with the cloth mainly money might be long delayed, or not sold and exported through London, be forthcoming, affecting the entire

14 business chain and leaving the primary 2 September 2018 Carnegie Heritage producers, the spinners, weavers and Centre, Diane Brain ‘Asleep in the Deep’, dyers in penury. 1:30pm, £2.50

A handful of men became the 4-9 September Heritage Open Days millionaires of their day. Best known www.heritageopendays.org.uk is Thomas Paycocke of Coggeshall, Essex, whose fine house survives and 11 September 2018 Hull History Centre is open to the public. There were also Richard Gorski ‘Seamen Ashore in Hull the Springs of Lavenham, where the during the later 19th Century’ 12:30pm remarkable range of magnificent timber-framed buildings still to be 1 2 September 2018 Carnegie Heritage seen owes much to the cloth trade. The Centre, Godfrey Robinson ‘The Growth author includes a gazetteer of buildings of ’ 10:00am, £2.50 erected or improved with the proceeds of the cloth trade. These include 13 September 2018 Beverley Civic churches and chapels, the former Society Barbara English ‘King Charles dwellings of clothiers, almshouses, and I and Beverley’ St Mary’s Church Hall, also the brasses and other monuments 7:30pm which they have left for posterity. 20 September 2018 History This volume can be recommended Group Brian Barnes ‘A History of the Hull as an up to date introduction to the 92nd Brigade 1914-1919 (Hull Pals)’ All cloth trade in mediaeval England and Saints Church, George Street, 7:30pm is another impressive addition to the Boydell catalogue. 20 September 2018 Local History Society Graham Marshall ‘A personal I should have liked a little more detail view through the lens’, Hessle Town of the different types of cloth, and was Hall, 7:15pm intrigued that ‘cotton’ was the name given to a woollen cloth similar to 7 October 2018 Carnegie Heritage frieze, made largely in Lancashire and Centre, Hilary Byers ‘The picture House in Wales. Reborn’ 1:30pm, £2.50

Arthur G. Credland 8 October 2018 Hull Civic Society Peter Lowden ‘Hull General Cemetery’, Britannia Royal Hotel, 7:30pm, £2 Local History 9 October 2018 Hull History Centre Meetings & Events Martin Taylor ‘The Other Hinterland: Hull and Lincolnshire’ 12:30pm

15 10 October 2018 Carnegie Heritage 17 January 2019 Pocklington History Centre, John Lawson ‘The R38’, 10:00am, Group ‘an evening of short talks’ The £2.50 Old Court House, George Street, 7:30pm, £2 18 October 2018 Pocklington History Group Jane Henley ‘a worshop on the 21 February 2019 Pocklington History history of Woldgate College’ Woldgate Group Geoff Sidwell ‘Katherine Stewart School, 7:30pm, £2 - remarkable wife of the Major’ The Old Court House, George Street, 7:30pm, 18 October 2018 Hessle Local History £2 Society Paul Schofield ‘Hull’s musical heritage’, Hessle Town Hall, 7:15pm 21 March 2019 Pocklington History Group Stephen Caunce ‘The Highlight 8 November 2018 Beverley Civic Society of the Rural Year: The Agricultural The Margaret Powell Memorial Lecture,’ Hiring Fairs of East Yorkshire 1890- St Mary’s Church Hall, 7:30pm 1925’ The Old Court House, George Street, 7:30pm, £2 13 November 2018 Hull History Centre Hull’s Museums & Art Gallery: How they 16 May 2019 Pocklington History Group Began’ 12:30pm ‘Kaley Kramer ‘History of York Printing’ The Old Court House, George Street, 15 November 2018 Pocklington History 7:30pm, £2 Group John Walker ‘The Victoria County History for the Pocklington area’’ The Old Court House, George Street, 7:30pm, £2

15 November 2018 Hessle Local History Society Margaret Farrow ‘John Bacchus Dykes’, Hessle Town Hall, 7:15pm

11 December 2018 Hull History Centre ‘A Cast of Thousands: staff talk about their favourite documents from amongst the collections’ 12:30pm

13 December 2018 Beverley Civic Society Rick Bailey ‘The Restoration of the Beverley Arms’, Beverley Arms Hotel, 7:30pm

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