Compliance to Terms of Reference

S. ToR point Compliance No. 1. a) Executive summary of the project-giving a prima a) Executive summary for the project facie idea of the objectives of the proposal, use of has been prepared and presented in the resources, justification, etc. In addition, it should EIA report. provide a compilation of EIA report including EMP and b) The details have been provided in the post-project monitoring plan, in brief. b) Details of Chapter 2 & 3 of the EIA report. the existing activity including land area with break up, raw material, source, product manufactured, water requirement for domestic/process, sewage, trade effluent, method of treatment and mode of disposal with adequacy of land available, solid/Hazardous waste details, source of air emission, APC measures, power back up, project cost etc. shall be details out. 2. Justification for selecting the proposed storage capacity. As the proposed activity is an expansion of existing activity and planned within the existing site, no alternative site has been explored. 3. Land requirement for the project including its break up Land Use details (10 Km radius) have for various purposes, and its availability and been discussed in Section 3.18 of optimization. Chapter-3 4. Details of proposed location layout clearly demarcating Details has been provided in Chapter - various units within the plant. 2, the plant layout plan with existing and proposed facilities has been enclosed as Plate no. 4 5. Mode of receiving hazardous chemicals in isolated Details has been provided in Chapter 2 storages and mode of its distribution ( Process Description) and Quantitative Risk Analysis report enclosed as Annexure no. 23 6. Details on design parameters of the storages, Details on design parameters has been procedures, piping layout, monitoring equipments, explained in Chapter-2, the emergency emergency requirements, safety control, relief systems, requirements has been provided in etc. QRA/HAZOP report enclosed as Annexure no. 23 & 24. The plant layout plan has been enclosed as Plate no. 4 7. Details on list of hazardous chemicals to be stored at the Details has been provided in Chapter 2 facility - its category, physical & chemical properties, and 7 which is enclosed as Annexure storage quantities, etc. and compatibility with design 23 parameters of the storages. 8. Details of domino effect of the storage tanks and The frequency of catastrophic rupture respective preventive measures including distance of vessel (domino effect) is very low, between storage units in an isolated storage facility moreover vessels are provided with fire proof coating. The hazard due to domino effect may be considered as incredible. The consequence analysis of this effect has been provided in chapter 7 9. Discussed in Chapter 7 (Risk Analysis), Details on storage tanks including capacity and storage QRA/HAZOP report enclosed as distance Annexure 23 & 24. 10. Details on transfer and handling of hazardous chemicals Discussed in Chapter 7 (Risk Analysis), - piping system, handling techniques, equipments used QRA/HAZOP report enclosed as standard operating procedures Annexure 23 & 24. 11. Details have been mentioned in Details on specific equipments, flanges, pumps, Chapter 7 (Risk Analysis), compressors proposed to control loss of chemicals. QRA/HAZOP report enclosed as Designed VOC loss accounting. Annexure 23 & 24. 12. Details of proposed source specific pollution control The details has been mentioned in schemes/equipments Chapter 5 of the EIA report 13. The water requirement for the proposed activity is 2 KLD which is met through TN water supply board, The power requirement for project activities is met through D G sets of 1 numbers of 625 KVA, 1 numbers of 275 KVA. The source of power is from TNEB HT line of 11 KV which will terminate inside Details on requirement and availability of power and the Bottling Plant, authorization has water with its source and authorization from the been taken from the respective concerned department. government departments. 14. Management plan for Solid/Hazardous waste Discussed in Chapter 3 of the EIA generation, storage, utilization and disposal methods report 15. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as Details provided in Chapter 2 of EIA sanitation, fuel storage, restroom, etc. to workers during report construction and operation phase. 16. Details on safety management have been explained in Disaster Management Plan provided as Chapter Details on safety management plan 8 of EIA report. 17. The remediation measures to be Existing storages remediation measures adopted to adopted has been detailed out in restore the Environmental quality Chapter 2 of EIA report 18. Any litigation pending against the project and / or any Not Applicable direction / order passed by any Court of Law related to the environmental pollution and impacts in the last two years, if so, details therefore. 19. The study area shall be upto a distance of 10 km from The baseline environmental monitoring the boundary of the proposed storage facility. has been conducted by selecting 10 Km radius around the project site. The 10 Km radius Topo Map of the study area has been enclosed as Plate no. 1 20. Location of the storage facility, nearest habitats with The 10 Km radius Topo map with duly distances from the facility to be demarcated on a topo marked project site has been enclosed sheet (1: 50000 scale). Plate no. 1 21. Land use based on satellite imagery including location The 10 Km radius Land use /Land specific sensitivities such as national park / wildlife cover map of the project site has been sanctuary, villages, industries, etc. enclosed as Plate no. 10 22. Demography details of all the villages falling within the The Demographic and Socio economic study area. details of the villages falling within the 10 Km radius of the study area has been explained in Chapter - 3 23. Topography details of the project area. Details provided in Chapter - 3 of the EIA report 24. The baseline data to be collected from the study area with respect to different components of environment viz. air. noise water, land, biology and socio-economic (please refer section 4.4.2 for guidance for assessment of baseline components and identify attributes of The detailed Baseline Environmental concern). Actual monitoring of baseline environmental components for the study area has been components shall be strictly in accordance to the carried out as per TOR conditions and parameters prescribed in the Terms of Reference after explained in Chapter 3 considering the proposed coverage of parameters by the proponent in draft Terms of Reference and shall commence after finalization of Terms of Reference by the competent authority. 25. Geological features and geo-hydrological status of the The Geological features of the study study area. area has been provided in Chapter 3 26. Details on surface water quality on nearby water sources The Water quality of the study area and and other surface drains nearby villages has been provided in Chapter 3. The surface water analysis report has been enclosed as Annexure no. 17 27. Details of ground water quality. Details of ground water quality have been enclosed as Annexure No. 18 28. Relevant ambient air quality parameters for monitoring Details of ambient air quality of the 10 including combustion emissions due to traffic, VOCs km radius study area has been enclosed and stored chemicals, etc. as Annexure No. 10 to 16 29. Existing ambient air quality, expected emissions such as Details given in Chapter 3 of EIA combustion emissions* due to traffic, VOCs*, stored report chemicals*, etc.) and evaluation of the adequacy of the proposed pollution control devices to meet standards for point sources and to meet AAQ standards. (* - as applicable) 30. The air quality contours may be plotted on a location Plant layout plan showing the existing map showing the location of storage facility, habitation and proposed facilities has been nearby, sensitive receptors, if any and wind roses. enclosed as Plate no. 1. The wind rose diagram for the season of winter 2014 has been provided in Chapter 3 31. Details on noise levels at sensitive/commercial receptor. Baseline Noise quality results of project site and surrounding buffer zone location are provided as Annexure No. 20 A- 21 32. Site specific micrometeorological data including mixing Details provided in Chapter 3 of EIA height Report 33. One season site specific data excluding monsoon season Baseline environmental study for the season of Winter 2014 has been carried out 34. Proposed baseline monitoring network for the Details of monitoring methodology and consideration and approval of the Competent Authority. schedule have been explained in Chapter 3 of the EIA report. 35. Ideological status (terrestrial and aquatic) of the study The list of Flora and Fauna found in area such as habitat type and quality, species, diversity, and around study area has been rarity, fragmentation, ecological linkage, age. provided in Chapter 3 of EIA report. abundance, etc. 36. If any incompatible land use attributes fall within the study area, proponent shall describe the sensitivity Not Applicable, as no sensitive areas (distance, area and significance) and propose the fall within the study area. additional points based on significance for review and acceptance by the EAC/SEAC 37. If the location falls in Valley, specific issues connected Not Applicable to the natural resources management shall be studied and presented. 38. If the location falls in CRZ area: A CRZ map duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL, HTL. CRZ area, location of the project and associate facilities with respect to CRZ, coastal features such as mangroves, if any. ■ Provide the CRZ map in 1:10000 scale in general cases and in Not Applicable 1:5000 scale for specific observations. ■ Proposed site for disposal of dredged material and environmental quality at the point of disposal/impact areas. ■ Fisheries study should be done with respect to Benthos and Marine organic material and coastal fisheries. 39. Anticipated generic environmental impacts due to this Details provided in Chapter 4 of EIA project are indicated in Table 4-2, which may be report. evaluated for significance and based on corresponding likely impacts, VECs may be identified. Baseline studies may be conducted for all the concerned VECs and likely impacts will have to be assessed for their magnitude in order to identify mitigation measures (please refer chapter 4 of the Manual for guidance). 40. Tools as given in Section 4.4.3 may be referred by the Complied proponent for the appropriate assessment of environmental impacts and the same may be submitted in draft ToRs for consideration and approval by SEAC 41. While identifying the likely impacts, also include the All likely Impacts associated with following for analysis of significance and required emissions and evacuation of chemicals mitigation measures: Impacts due to emissions from is identified and has been mentioned in entry and evacuation of chemicals at storage points ■ Chapter 11 and QRA/HAZOP report Impacts due to temperature variations in the tanks ■ enclosed as Annexure no. 23&24. Impacts due to emissions from handling of chemicals ■ Impacts due to emissions from cleaning operations ■ Impacts due to odour pollution ■ Impacts due to generation of wastewater drainage facilities, cleaning, tanks, seepage, etc. ■ Impacts due to noise from tank installations, conveyors, transportation of products, etc. ■ Impacts due to fugitive emissions/VOCs. ■ Impacts due to catastrophic failures. ■ Impacts due to residues/tank bottom sludge, etc. ■ Impacts due to fire/accidents. ■ Impacts on health of workers due to proposed project activities 42. In case of likely impacts from the proposed storage facility on the surrounding reserve forests, plan for the Not applicable, as no sensitive area conservation of wild fauna in consultation with the State falls within Study area. Forest Department. 43. Action plan for the greenbelt development - species, width of plantations, planning schedule, etc., in accordance to CPCB published guidelines. 44. In case of likely impact from the proposed project on Not applicable, as no sensitive area the surrounding reserve forests, plan for the falls within Study area. conservation of wild fauna in consultation with the state forest Department. 45. For identifying the mitigation measures, please refer The likely environmental impacts have chapter III for source control and treatment. Besides been identified and proper mitigation typical mitigation measures which may also be measures have been provided, the considered are discussed in Table 4-5 details are mentioned in Chapter 3. 46. Comparison of alternate sites considered and the reasons As the proposed project is capacity for selecting the proposed site. Conformity of the site addition for the present activity and with the prescribed guidelines in terms of CRZ, river, comes within the present site boundary, highways, railways, etc. alternative site has not been envisaged. 47. Details on improved technologies for storing and Details provided in Chapter 2 handling of hazardous chemicals. 48. Monitoring Programe for source control. Details of monitoring methodology/programme has been explained in Chapter 6 49. Appropriate monitoring network has to be designed and Details provided in Chapter 6 proposed to assess the possible residual impacts on VECs. 50. Monitoring pollutants at receiving environment for the The details of environmental appropriate notified parameters - air quality, management measures to be adopted groundwater, surface water, soil, etc. during operational during operational phase of the project phase of the project. has been provided in Chapter 6 51. Leak detection and repair programe. Discussed in Chapter 7, Quantitative Risk Assessment which is enclosed as Annexure 23 52. Specific programe to monitor occupational, safety and Discussed in Chapter 3 and Chapter 8 health protection of workers. 53. Details of in-house monitoring capabilities and the The Environmental monitoring has recognized agencies if proposed for conducting been carried out scientifically as per monitoring. guidelines prescribed by MoEF. The monitoring has been carried out by independent External laboratory Accreditated by MoEF. 54. Details on risk assessment and damage during different Detailed in Chapter 7 of EIA Report phases of the project & proposed safeguard measures 55. Details on risk assessment and damage during different 1 )iscusscd in < haptci 7 ol 1 IA ivpnrl phases ol the project and proposed safeguard measures. 56. Details on status of emergency preparedness- safety Discussed in Chapter 8 Disaster procedures, training, personnel protective equipments, Management flan. fire fighting devises, medical aids, safety control systems, management plans, etc. 57. Details on socio-economic development activities such Discussed in Chapter 3 section 3.20 of as commercial property values, generation of jobs, the EIA report education, social conflicts, cultural status, accidents, etc. 58. The proposed project will be not be having any adverse impacts on the Proposed plan to handle to socio-economic influence on surrounding community, as the the local community. The plan should include proposed activity is capacity addition to quantitative dimension as far as possible. the existing capacity. 59. Details on plan for corporate social responsibility Not Applicable, as The proposed including the villages, population spread. project will be not be having any SC/ST/backward communities, up gradation of existing adverse impacts on the surrounding schools, establishing new schools with facilities (such as community, as the proposed activity is laboratories, toilets, etc.), link roads, community halls, capacity addition to the existing primary health facilities, health camps, etc. capacity 60. Administrative and technical organization structured to The post project monitoring will be ensure proposed post-project monitoring programe for periodically carried out as per the approved mitigation measures. compliance to Environmental Clearance conditions by technical organization/agency Accreditated to MoEF. 61. Administrative and technical organization structured to The post project monitoring will be ensure proposed post-project monitoring programe for periodically carried out as per the approved mitigation measures. compliance to Environmental Clearance conditions by technical organization/agency Accreditated to MoEF. 62. EMP devised to mitigate the adverse impacts of the Details of EMP costing to be incurred storage facility should be provided along with item-wise is provided in Chapter 11 cost of its implementation (Capital and recurring costs). 63. Allocation of resources and responsibilities for plan implementation. Discussed in Chapter 11 of EIA report 64. Details of the emergency preparedness plan and onsite Discussed in Chapter 8 of EIA report and off-site disaster management plan 65. Does the company have a well laid down environment policy approved by its board of directors? If so, it may Yes, The details have been provided in be detailed in the EIA report. Chapter 11 of EIA report. 66. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard Yes, The details have been provided in operating process/procedures to bring into focus any Chapter 11 of EIA report. infringement/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA 67. What is Hierarchical system or Administrative order of Yes, The details have been provided in the company to deal with the environmental issues and Chapter 11 of EIA report. for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions? Details of this system may be given.

68. 68. The following additional details shall be also furnished by the PP: i. Details provided in Chapter 7 of i. Report on the lire control norms to be submitted EIA report by the

proponent. ii. The air monitoring locations has ii. More sampling points required around the been increased from earlier 5 proposed site for locations to 7 locations as per TOR conducting AAQ Survey conditions. iii. The Proponent should require automated iii. Regular Environmental machinery for regular monitoring will be carried as per monitoring of environment. compliance to EC conditions. iv. The EIA must have comprehensive baseline iv. Agreed, and the same has been study data for all followed while preparing this parameters as prescribed by Ministry Of EIA report. Environment and v. Agreed. The same will be Forest. followed. v. The sampling points for baseline data collection

should form vi. The waste water generation form future regular monitoring sites. The basis followed the proposed project activity is 2 for the KLD the same will be treated in selection of sampling as well monitoring sites should TNPCB approved septic tank/Soak be pit. provided.

vi. The details of waste water treatment have not

been addressed, the facility should be provided with adequate treatment facility

for waste water generated in the unit.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL. No Description Page No. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Justification of Proposed Project 2

1.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent 3

1.3 Contact Details of Project Proponent 4

1.4 Brief Description of IOCL Erode Bottling Plant 4

5 1.5 Scope and Methodology 5 1.5.1 Scope of EIA Study 6 1.5.2 Methodology of EIA Study 1.6 Site Selection 7

1.6.1 Site Environment - Air Environment 7

1.6.2 Water Environment 8

1.6.3 Noise Environment 8

1.6.4 Land Environment 8

1.6.5 Biological Environment 9

1.6.6 Socio Economic Environment 9

1.7 Likely Impacts on the Environment 10

10 1.8 Environmental Management Plan 1.9 Risk Analysis/DMP 10

Chapter 2: Project Description 2.1 Type of Project 11

2.2 Need for the Project 11

2.3 Project Location 11

2.4 Accessibility to Project site 12

13 2.5 Salient Features of the Project Site 16 2.6 Plant Facilities 2.7 Process Description 17

2.7.1 LPG Receipt & Storage 17

2.7.2 Unloading of LPG 17 2.7.3 LPG Pumps 21 2.7.4 LPG Vapour Compressors 21 2.7.5 Air Compressors & Air Drying Unit 21 2.7.6 LPG Cylinder Filling and Associated Facilities 22 SL. No Description Page No. 2.7.7 Checking of Weight and Leak Testing 22 2.7.8 Air removal from Cylinder 22 2.7.9 Evacuation of Leaky cylinders 22 2.7.10 Storage of Filled cylinders & Transportation 22 2.8 Energy/ Power Requirement 22 2.9 Water Requirement 23

2.10 Manpower Requirement 23 2.11 Project Cost 23

Chapter 3: Description of Environment

3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 Description of Study Area 24 3.3 Study Period 24 3.4 General Environment 24 3.5 Study of Environmental Components 25 3.6 Regional Geology 26 3.7 Climatic Conditions 27 3.7.1 Rainfall 27 3.8 Geomorphology and Soil types 27 3.8.1 Geomorphology 27 3.8.2 Soil Type 28 3.9 Hydrogeology 28 3.10 Drainage Pattern 29 3.11 Wind Speed and Direction 29 3.12 Air Environment 21 3.13 Water Environment 36

3.14 Soil Environment 41

3.15 Noise Environment 44

3.16 Biological Environment 49

3.17 Land Environment 53

3.19 Digital Elevation Map 56

3.20 Socio Economic Environment 57

Chapter 4: Anticipated Efivironmental Impacts and Mitigative Measures 4.1 Introduction 62

4.2 Identification Of Impacts 62

4.2.1 Impact on Topography 63

4.2.2 Impact on Regional Climate 63

4.2.3 Impact on Air Environment 63

4.2.4 Impact on Noise Environment 64

4.2.5 Impact on Water Environment 64

4.2.6 Impact on Land Environment 65

4.2.7 Biological Environment 66

4.2.8 Socio Economic Environment 67

4.2.9 Conclusion 70

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives 5.1 Alternative Technology 71

5.2 Alternative Site 71

Chapter 6: Enivronmental Monitoring Program 6.1 Introduction 72

6.2 Frequency of Monitoring 72

6.3 Meteorological Observation 72

6.4 Ambient Air Quality 73

6.5 Instruments used for Sampling 73

6.6 Method of Testing 73

6.7 Water Quality 74

6.8 Noise Levels 74

6.9 Soil Samples 74

6.10 LPG Leak Detection Mechanism 75

6.11 Health, Safety & Environmental management cell 75

Chapter 7: Risk Analysis 77

Chapter 8: Disaster Management Plan

8.1 Introduction 82

Chapter 9: Additional Studies 9.0 Introduction 134 9.1 Impact on Local Infrastructure 134 9.2 Compensation Package for Local People 134 9.3 Socioeconomic Benefits from the project 134 9.4 Risk Assessment & Safeguard Measures 135

Chapter 10: Benefits of the Project 10.1 Improvement on Social Infrastructure 136 10.2 Employment Potential 136

Chapter 11: Environmental Management Plan 11.1 Introduction 137 11.2 EMP during Construction Phase 137 11.3 EMP During Operation Phase 138 Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants 12.1 Details of Personnel 145

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No.

CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Contact Details 4

CHAPTER 2: Project Description 2.1 Salient features of Project location 15 2.2 Existing and Proposed plant facilities 16 2.3 Energy requirement details 23 CHAPTER 3: Description of Environment 3.1 Salient Features of Baseline Environmental Studies 25 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Locations with Distance 32 3.3 Baseline Surface Water Sampling Location with Distance 38 3.4 Baseline Ground Water Sampling Locations with Distance 39 3.5 Summary of Ground Water Quality 40

3.6 Baseline Soil Sampling Locations 41 3.7 Baseline Soil Analysis Report 43 3.8 Ambient Noise Standards 45

3.9 Exposure Limit for Different Noise Levels 45 3.10 Measured Noise Values in the month of January 2014 47 3.11 Measured Noise Values in the month of February 2014 47 3.12 Measured Noise Values in the month of March 2014 49 3.13 List of Flora species identified in study area 51

3.14 List of Fauna species observed/reported in the study area 52 3.15 Break up of Land use details for existing and proposed expansion project 55 3.16 Area Statistics of Land use / Land cover around 10 km radius 56 3.17 Socio Economic Condition of the villages - Study Area 58 3.18 Population Details - Study Area 59 3.19 Details of Literacy Level - Study Area 59 3.20 Occupational Structure - Study Area 60

Table No. Description Page No. CHAPTER 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4.1 Water Consumption details 65 4.2 Waste Water Generation Quantity 65 4.3 Summary of Mitigation Measures 68

CHAPTER 6: Environmental Monitoring Programme 6.1 Environmental Attributes 72 6.2 Method of Testing PM10/PM2.5 73 6.3 Method of Testing SO2 73 6.4 Method of Testing NOx 74 6.5 Responsibilities of Personnel of the H, S&E Cell 76

CHAPTER 11: Environmental Management Plan 11.1 Proposed Costing Towards Environmental Protective Measures 144

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No. Description Page No. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Google Image of Project Location 5 1.2 Location map of study area 6 1.3 Topographical Location map of study area 7

Chapter 2: Project Description

2.1 Location map of project site 12 2.2 Site location and accessibility map 13 2.3 Existing 1400 MT Horton Sphere at IOCL Erode bottling plant 18 2.4 Existing 3 x 150 MT above Ground bullets at IOCL Erode bottling plant 18 2.5 Existing 8 TLD Bays at IOCL Erode bottling plant 19 2.6 Existing LPG Pump house at IOCL Erode bottling plant 19 2.7 LPG Cylinders loading shed at IOCL Erode bottling plant 20 2.8 Fire water tank at IOCL Erode bottling plant 20 2.9 Barren Site inside the plant where additional facilities are proposed 21 2.10 Plant Layout Plan with existing and proposed facilities. 14

Chapter 3: Description of Environment

3.2 10 Km Radius Satellite Map of the Project Location 26 3.3 Wind rose diagram for the season of winter 2014 30 3.4 Baseline Air monitoring Locations map 32

3.5 Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Project Site 33 3.6 Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Vijayapuri Village 33 3.7 Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Kuttampam Village 34 3.8 Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Panikkampalyam Village. 34

3.9 Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Kallangulam Village 35 3.10 Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Perundurai Village 35 3.11 Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Vayppadi Village. 36 3.12 Graphical representation of Surface water Quality - Lower Bhavani Canal 38

Fig No. Description Page No. 3.13 Baseline Water Monitoring Locations map 39 3.14 Graphical representation of Baseline Ground water Quality 40 3.15 Baseline Soil Monitoring Locations map 42 3.16 Baseline Noise Monitoring Locations map 46 3.17 Graphical representation of Noise Measurement - January 2014 48 3.18 Graphical representation of Noise Measurement - February 2014 48 3.19 Graphical representation of Noise Measurement - March 2014 49 3.20 Land use/ Land cover Map of the Study Area. 54 3.21 Digital Elevation Map of the Study Area. 57 3.22 Population Break-up details in Buffer Zone 59 3.23 Literacy level of Villages in Buffer Zone 60 3.24 Occupational Structure in Study Area 61

CHAPTER 6: Environmental Monitoring Programme 6.1 Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL 76

CHAPTER 11: Environmental Management Plan 11.1 Mock Fire drill conducted at IOCL Erode Bottling Plant 141 11.2 Occupational Health and Safety Training Programme 142,143

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 BACKGROUND Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. It is the leading Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing, ranked at the 98th position in the year 2013. IOCL is having about 90 LPG bottling plants which serve every nook and corner of the country. Indane (the trade name of LPG of IOCL) is supplied to the consumers through a network of about 5456 distributors (51.8% of the industry). The growth in demand of LPG for domestic purpose is increasing at a rapid pace everywhere in the country including Southern states. To cope-up with the increasing demand, Public Sector Oil Companies are setting up new bottling plants as well as augmenting their existing capacities. Accordingly, IOCL has also initiated the process of setting up new plants as well as augmenting their existing facilities. The Erode LPG Bottling Plant of IOCL is at Perundurai which is located at a distance of about 5 km from Highway Salem - Palakkad (off N.H.47). The plant was commissioned in the year 1991 with an objective to supply LPG in Erode, Tirupur, Namakkal, Karur, Dindigul etc. The plant is equipped with LPG receipt, storage and bottling facilities (two shift operations of 8 hours each) for dispatch of the filled cylinders to the LPG distributors of Erode, Tirupur, Namakkal, Karur and Dindigul districts in the state of Tamilnadu. The demand of LPG for domestic purposes is increasing day by day. To cope up with increasing demand, Public Sector Oil Companies are setting up new bottling plants as well as augmenting their existing capacity. Accordingly, IOCL has also initiated the process of setting up new plants as well as augmenting their existing facilities in various region of India. At present the plant have 1 X 24 M/c Electronic Filling Machines with check scale and 8 bays of Tank Lorry Decanting Shed for its Operation of Receipt and Bottling of LPG, 1X1400 MT - Sphere and 3X150 MT - above ground bullets. At present the plant fills about 6500 MT of LPG for Domestic and Non Domestic Usages. In order to meet the requirement of LPG in the area, IOCL proposes to augment the storage and bottling capacity of Perundurai plant by installing 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets of 600 MT capacity each , 08 nos. of loading/unloading bays, 1x24 Carousals and other online facilities. This will enhance the total storage capacity from 1850 MT to 3650 MT / Day. As per EIA Notification, published in Gazette of India, Extraordinary Part-II, Section-3, sub

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

section (ii) of Ministry of Environment & Forest dated 14.09.2006 & subsequent amendments, the proposed project falls in Activity 6(b), Category-B of “List of Projects or Activities Requiring Prior Environmental Clearance”. As per the above notification, proposed project will have to obtain environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) or State Environmental Appraisal Committee (SEAC). In the absence of duly constituted SEIAA or SEAC, a Category-B project shall be treated as Category-A project and shall require environmental clearance from MoEF. M/s IOCL has appointed M/s ABC Techno Labs India Pvt Ltd, for preparation of EIA/ EMP Reports for proposed project in order to seek environmental clearance.

1.2. STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT The EIA report has been prepared and aligned as per “Generic Structure of EIA/EMP/RA Report” required by the MoEF, Govt. of India as per the general condition stipulated in the EIA notification. The salient features of the report have been projected by identifying the environmental and ecological stressors. The impact assessment has been presented by making compliance with the threshold limit of the environmental and ecological stressors and other norms available through government or non-government agencies.

1.3 PROJECT PROPOSAL IOCL proposes to install 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets of 600 MT capacity each, construction of 08 nos. of loading/unloading bays, 1x 24 M/c Electronic Filling Machines and other online facilities in the existing bottling plant at Perundurai as per OISD-144 and OISD-150.

1.4 PROJECT LOCATION Indane Bottling Plant is existing at Perundurai SIPCOT Industrial Complex off the National Highway Salem - Palakkad (Off N.H.47). The Plant is 5 Kms away from Perundurai. The Plant is spread over a 60.95 Acres of land and is surrounded by its entire periphery with 3 Meters height compound wall over which 0.6 meter of barbed fencing is provided. The proposed expansion site is located within the existing LPG bottling plant, SIPCOT Industrial Growth Sector, Plot No. 180,181,195 to 207, 223 & 227 to 231 of Perundurai Village, Erode District. The plant is at longitude 77o 33’ 22.70" East and latitude 11o 14' 51.44” North at an altitude of about 310 m above mean sea level. The expansion facilities will be constructed in an area of 3.5 acres inside the existing bottling plant. The site lease lies towards South West of Perundurai village at a distance of 6 Kms (Ariel distance) approximately and also lies towards East of Periyavettupalayam village at a distance of 2

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

Kms approximately. This lease area is approachable by all weather road/s up to the lease. Erode is the district head quarter which is at a distance of 20 Kms approximately where all the infrastructural facilities are available. Chennai, the state capital is at a distance of 400 Kms from the project site towards North East. The nearest International Airport is Coimbatore (75 Kms) & Nearest Seaport is Cochin (300 Kms) approximately and the nearest railhead on Broad-gauge is Erode at distance of 20 Kms.

1.5 BENEFITS OF PROPOSED PROJECT The proposed project shall yield following benefits:

• Meet the demand and maintain continuity of LPG gas cylinder supply to the consumers through distributors. • Help to overcome the scarcity of bulk LPG during monsoon due to flood. • By adding 3x600 MT Mounded Bullets, risk profile of the existing plant will not be enhanced • Discourage deforestation and reduce the use of fire wood & fossil fuels. • Improve the quality of life of women engaged in household activities specially cooking.

1.6 OBJECTIVE OF EIA STUDY The objective of the EIA study is to identify and evaluate the potential impacts (beneficial and adverse) and preparation of impact statement in accordance with existing guidelines of MoEF. The study would provide information on the environmental implications, which could be used for environmental safeguards. The EIA report shall be a document for getting environmental clearances from statutory agencies. The EIA report will also present the existing environmental setting vis-a-vis contribution of pollutants and other factors from the proposed facilities.

1.7 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY The scope of this EIA study includes detail characterization of pre-project status of environment in an area of 10 Km radius:

• To undertake environmental monitoring so as to establish the baseline environmental status of the environmental components; • To identify existing pollution loads due to various activities; • To evaluate and predict the impacts on the various environmental attributes in the study area by using widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

• Risk Analysis Study • To prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality and for environmentally sustainable development. • To prepare post project monitoring plan to monitor the changes in the environmental quality after the implementation of the project.

1.8 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Existing & Proposed Facilities Perundurai Bottling Plant has been provided with a total storage capacity of 1850 MT of LPG. The details of facilities are summarized below in Table. 1.1

Table. 1.1: Total Storage Capacity, Existing & Proposed Facilities

Sl No. Description of facilities Existing facilities Proposed facilities

1 Bulk Storage 3 X 150 MT Bullets 1X1400 MT 3 X 600 MT Mounded Horton Sphere Bullets 3/ 3/ 2 LPG Pumps 2 x 48 m hr 1 x 85 m hr 3 LPG Compressors 1) 2 x 75 CFM 1) 2 x 150 CFM 2) 1 x 100 CFM 4 Air Compressor 2X 170 CFM 1 X500 CFM 5 Carousal 1x 24 point electronic carousal 1x24 point electronic carousal • Fire protection facilities will be provided as per OISD-144. • Existing fire pumps will be maintained as same, post augmentation. • Safety distances between facilities will be provided as per PESO/ OISD norms. • Entire Fire hydrant/ Hazard Control and detection system would be upgraded to meet OISD- 144. • Hydrant ring main system around the hazardous area will be provided with fire hydrant points and monitors as per requirements of OISD. In addition, adequate numbers of portable fire extinguishers of dry chemical type will also be provided. • The proposed Mounded Bullets will also be provided with a fire hydrant system all around and water sprinkler system as required. • Mock fire drills are conducted at regular intervals and the observations are recorded. Personnel intended to operate the plant are well qualified and well trained. Plant operations are supervised by a responsible Officer. The working personnel are well

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

informed and well trained for fire hazards and fire fighting systems. Bottling Plant security system has been so envisaged to ensure strict compliance of safety requirements and to take up prompt and proper action in case of any emergency.

1.9 PROCESS DESCRIPTION Perundurai LPG bottling plant receives LPG through road tankers. The LPG is then unloaded and stored in 3 LPG bullets of 150 MT capacity respectively and one 1400 MT Horton sphere. The LPG is filled in the cylinders by integrated carousal machine. IOCL proposes to expand the facility with 3 mounded bullets of each capacity 600 MT and Tanker Load Decantation (TLD) shed with 8 bays. The plant layout plan with existing and proposed facilities has been enclosed as Plate No.

1.10 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT & IDENTIFICATION OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS Description of baseline environmental status and the impact on the existing environment after Construction and Operation of the proposed project have been detailed with respect to the following components of the environment. The existing status of important environmental components and impact of project activities on them is summarized below:

1.11 LAND ENVIRONMENT The proposed Mounded Bullets shall be installed in an area of 3.5 acres available within the existing licensed premises 60.95 acres. As the existing plant has been allotted by the State Govt. to IOCL for installation of the bottling plant, hence there is no change in existing land use pattern. As per the satellite imagery obtained from South West Space Applications Centre, the existing land-use / land cover data of 10 km area around Perundurai plant is as under: Table no. 1.2

Table no. 1.2: Land Use/Land Cover Categories

Area Area Sl No LULC Class (Ha) (sq.m) 1 Urban Built up 12.39 1239 2 Rural Built up 13.8 1308 3 Crop Land 53.59 5359 4 Plantation Crop 59.92 5992

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

5 Fallow land 115.42 11542 6 Deciduous Forest 2.25 225 7 Scrub Forest 5.23 523 8 Barren rocky/Scrub Land 3.53 353 9 Grassland/Grazing land/Plantation 63 6300 10 Mining/Quarrying 0.9 90 11 Water Bodies 2.5 250 Total 332.53 33181

There is no solid and hazardous waste generation due to the proposed project and consequently any adverse impact on land is not envisaged. Thus, there will be no change in the soil characteristics, land use pattern and landscape due to the construction & operation of the proposed facilities.

1.12 AIR ENVIRONMENT Existing Ambient Air Quality The baseline ambient air quality status in the study area is characterized using the following sources of data:

> Ambient air quality monitoring at four sampling locations within the study area.

> Meteorological data collected during the study period To evaluate the baseline ambient air quality status, one season data was generated at seven locations in core and buffer zones of the bottling plant for a period of three months from January 2014 to March 2014. During the monitoring period the concentration of air pollutants namely PM 10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOX, VOCs, Methane & Non-methane Hydrocarbon in ambient air were measured. The highlights of the results are as below:

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

Table. 1.3: Characterized for Relevant Parameters for Air Emissions

Pollutant A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7 Min Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 3 PM10 μg/m 36 51 31 42 34 45 34 47 34 45 37 55 32 40 3 PM2.5 μg/m 13 20 11 15 12 20 14 19 14 20 14 22 10 18 3 SO2, μg/m 17.8 20.6 17.3 20.6 16.9 21.7 12.2 19.3 15.5 20.3 18.2 22.7 14.1 19.3 NOx, μg/m3 18.6 21.4 18.6 22.1 15.5 18.5 17.4 22.2 17 21.5 17.6 23.3 15.4 21.6 HC, ppm BDL* VOCs, mg/m3 BDL* BDL* - Below detection limit From the monitoring results, it may be concluded that the concentration of the air pollutants, as stated above, are well within the limits specified under NAAQS for industrial, rural and residential areas.

1.12.1 SOURCE OF AIR POLLUTION Operation of the bottling plant involves only storage and handling of LPG which does not lead to process specific emission of air pollutants into atmosphere. The entire operation of receipt, storage and filling in cylinders is carried out under closed circuit and leak proof system so as to restrict any emission of hydrocarbon vapours into the atmosphere. However, intermittent sources of air pollutants are limited to DG Sets and fire Water pumps which are operated only in case of power failure during working hours and during mock fire drills only (once in a month) respectively. Hence, installation of proposed Mounded Bullets shall not impart any adverse impact on existing air environment.

1.13 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise monitoring was conducted at 05 locations within the study area, 1 location inside the bottling plant and four locations in Buffer Zone. The noise monitoring results reveals that the noise levels vary from 39.1 dB (A) to 66.7 dB (A) during day and respectively 38.2 dB (A) to 59.6 dB (A) during night time. The variation in the noise level may be attributed to the movement of vehicles on the surrounding local roads & located adjacent to the plant. A little increase in the noise level during construction phase has been envisaged. The duration of construction activities shall be restricted 8 to 12 hours. There will be no additional noise generation during operation phase. Hence, impact on the noise quality shall be practically insignificant due to proposed project activities.

1.14 WATER ENVIRONMENT To evaluate the existing water quality of ground water and surface water samples were collected from different locations around the bottling plant and characterized for relevant

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

parameters shown in Table No. 1.4 Table No. 1.4: Characterized for Relevant Parameters for Water Quality

Ground Water Min. Conc. Max. Conc. Surface Parameters (mg/l) (mg/l) Water TDS, (mg/l) 387 400 200 Total Hardness as CaCOs 232 270 52 Chloride,( /l) as Cl (mg/l) 128 165 20 Iron, as Fe, (mg/l) 0.1 0.4 0.06 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) 1.2 1.5 1.2

1.14.1 WATER CONSUMPTION Existing average water consumption of bottling plant is 2KLD. The project proposal is only for installation of 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets to augment the storage capacity. In fact, the water consumption due to the proposed project shall increase slightly i.e. from 2 KLD to 2.5 KLD during construction of proposed Mounded Bullets and will remain same during operation of proposed facility. The plant has got 2 fire water tanks of 3700 KL capacity. The height of the fire water tank is 12 meters and having a diameter of 20 m. The plant is having a rain water harvesting tank of capacity of 3000 litres.

1.14.2 WASTE WATER GENERATION The quantity of waste water generation under normal operation of the plant is 1.5 KLD. As per existing practice, sanitary waste water (1.5 KLD) is being disposed off through septic tanks to soak pits and rest of the non-sanitary waste water (i.e. due to Mock drill, once in a month) 210 KLD is discharged into natural drainage system of the area after passing through vapour trap.

1.15 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The proposed facilities shall be installed in the vacant land available within the existing premises of bottling plant. There is no point and non-point source of emission or discharge of pollutants hence, no adverse impact on the biological environment is envisaged due to the proposed project activities and operation. Moreover, a considerable area of the plant has already been brought under green belt which provides food and habitat for birds and smaller mammalian species. Thus, significant positive impact on fauna is foreseen.

1.16 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The development due to proposed project will have temporary impacts on local socio-

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

economic condition of the people residing in the area. The construction of Mounded Bullets would provide temporary employment, which may consist of locals too. This would improve the socio-economic condition of the local population. The operation of the proposed project would result in positive impacts such as industrial and economic development and generation of indirect employment opportunity. The detailed socio economic status of the study area has been explained in Chapter 3 - Description of Environment.

1.17 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) IOCL has mastered the art and technology of installation of Mounded Bullets. The LPG department of Marketing Division of IOCL has earned a good credential for installation of Mounded Bullets. The technology adopted by IOCL for installation of Mounded Bullet for storage of LPG is a fail-safe technology and as such no alternative technology was considered for providing such facilities. Since, the proposed bullets shall be annexure to the existing plant and already vacant space is available inside the plant hence, alternate site selection is not relevant.

1.18 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME A monitoring schedule with respect to Ambient Air Quality, Waste Water Quality, Noise Quality, prepared in consultation with Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB), shall be maintained.

1.19. ADDITIONAL STUDIES No additional study is required for the proposed capacity augmentation project. Salient features of the studies are as under:

1.19.1 IMPACT ON LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE SUCH AS ROAD NETWORK ETC. Presently, about 20 nos (approx) of bulk LPG road tankers (18 MT) are unloaded everyday at the bottling plant. Post augmentation of the storage facilities, about 40-45 road tankers are expected to be unloaded daily at the bottling plant. This increase in number of road tankers shall be only for initial few days unless the storage level of LPG of 3650 MT is achieved at IOCL Perundurai bottling plant. Due to increase in bottling capacity there will be slight increase in the traffic load on (Salem - Palakkad) NH-47. Thus, the traffic load per hour during day time, which is at present 80-90, shall increase marginally during initial few days

i. e. about 2-3 trucks per hour and on regular operation the increase will be 09 trucks per day. Similarly, about 130 - 140 nos. of filled cylinder trucks are dispatched daily to different locations of Tamil Nadu. Since the bottling capacity of the plant shall increase due to receipt/

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

dispatch of filled cylinders truck from the plant and hence, a little negative impact is envisaged on traffic network due of filled cylinder trucks per day.

1.19.2 COMPENSATION PACKAGE FOR THE PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT. The installation of 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets, 8 TLD bays, 1x24 Carousals and other online facilities for storage of bulk LPG shall be carried out within the premises of existing IOCL Perundurai bottling plant. Hence, the proposed project does not involve any issue with respect to Resettlement & Rehabilitation and does not come under purview of RR Policy.

1.19.3 PROPOSED PLAN TO HANDLE THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCE ON LOCAL COMMUNITY For the proposed additional facilities, about 56 construction workers would be required to carry out construction related jobs. For unskilled jobs, it would be ensured that only local workers are engaged for carrying out construction jobs. This would impart positive impact on the socio-economic condition of the local area. For skilled jobs, only marginal number of workers is likely to be engaged. In view of the size of population residing within 10 km radius, no additional study is required to assess the impact of marginal number of workers coming from outside area.

1.20 RISK ANALYSIS Risk Assessment for the proposed project has also been carried out and necessary safeguard measures have been discussed in Chapter-7 as well as Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) report has been enclosed as Annexure No. 23 & 24 respectively. The proposal is for installation of 3 nos. of Mounded Bullet (600 MT capacity each) which is considered to be intrinsically safe. The installation of the Mounded Bullets will not enhance the risk profile of the plant. Following failure cases have been considered for evaluation of consequence analysis: ■ Full bore / 20% CSA failure of LPG outlet line of Mounded Bullets (Proposed) ■ Full bore / 20% CSA failure of LPG outlet line of Bullets (A/G) ■ LPG pump discharge line full bore failure ■ Road tanker failure ■ LPG pump mechanical seal failure ■ LPG Pump Outlet Line Gasket failure ■ Road Tanker unloading arm failure

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

■ Filled cylinder failure ■ Safety valve failure for Bullet (A/G) ■ Safety valve failure for Mounded Bullet ■ Carousel line failure ■ LPG vapour compressor outlet line Full bore failure ■ Catastrophic Failure of Bullet (A/G) QRA reveals that the damage distances for various credible scenarios are confined within the plant premises. Acceptable individual risk level of 1x10-6/Year is also confined mainly within the plant premises. Based on above study, the following preventive measures have been suggested for implementation: a) Safety valves located on the Mounded Bullet and other places must be tested regularly. The block valves before safety valve must always be kept in open condition when safety valves are in position. It is desirable to provide a chain and lock to ensure that the block valve is not inadvertently kept closed when safety valve is in position. b) Automatic water sprinkler system along with heat detectors shall be provided and checked regularly for timely actuation of the safety system. c) Gas Monitoring System (GMS) consisting of gas sensors at potential leakage points, audio- visual annunciation panel for detection of LPG at 20% LEL at the control room should be installed. The above system shall be able to detect the exact location of the leakages on real-time basis so that corrective action can be taken without any loss of time. d) The existing fire protection system should be upgraded to automatic pressurized medium velocity (MV) spray system based on automatic heat detection system through thermal fuse/quartz bulb. Sensors should be installed at all critical places wherever MV spray system will be installed as per OISD-144.

d) Interlocking Shut-down Device (ILSD) should be installed for automatic emergency shutdown of equipments by tripping of main power supply (barring the emergency power), closure of ROVs to avert Hazard as per OISD-144. ILSD should trigger the following actions:

1. Opening of deluge valve of the affected zone as well as adjacent zone

2. Audio-visual alarms indicating the affected zone at the fire pump house and main

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

control panel. The control panel shall also have status indications for deluge valve with facility for actuation.

3. Fire siren of 1 Km range 4. Closure of all Remote Operated Valves (ROVs) in affected facility 5. Tripping of main power supply barring the emergency power supply 6. The water spray from all nozzles of the affected zones within 30 seconds. 7. The fire water pumps shall start based on their set pressure to supplement/maintain the fire water pressure in the ring main.

1.21. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

1.21.1. CONSTRUCTION PHASE During construction phase, all precautionary measures shall be taken for dust suppression, prevention of soil erosion and noise reduction. The effect due to construction will be temporary in nature and will have no permanent effect on the environment. Since, the proposed facilities would be installed within IOCL’s own land there will be no change in land-use pattern and soil characteristics of the area.

1.21.2. OPERATION PHASE As the bullets will be mounded and the operation will be confined in closed, leak proof system, no impact is envisaged on the soil during operation phase

1.21.3 AIR EMISSIONS There is no continuous source of air pollutants from the operation of Perundurai LPG bottling plant. The sources of air pollution are limited to the DG Sets and diesel engine driven Fire water pumps. These sources of air pollution are intermittent. During operation, when the DG set is operated, emissions of SO2 and NOx shall be within the threshold limit. The stack height of the DG set shall be maintained as per prescribed standard.

1.21.4 WASTE WATER GENERATION There is no waste water generation from operation of proposed Mounded Bullet. The existing sources of wastewater generation are as follows:

a) Sanitary Waste water from toilets, wash-rooms and canteen.

b) Non-sanitary waste water from mock fire drills.

c) Sanitary waste water from toilets, canteen and wash rooms are treated in septic tanks and disposed off through soak pits. Non-sanitary waste water generated from Mock Fire drill

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

once in a month, shall be passed through vapour trap and discharged into natural drainage system of the area.

1.22. RAIN WATER HARVESTING PROGRAMME The rain water harvesting program has already been implemented in Perundurai LPG bottling plant. The plant is having a rain water harvesting tank of capacity-3000 litres.

1.23. GREEN-BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN Trees and plants are well known for trapping particulate matters, attenuation of noise and absorption of gaseous pollutants and also in controlling soil erosion. About 33% of the total area (60.95) has been brought under green belt development program. Only native species of trees, observed to prosper well in the area, have been planted. However, efforts would be made to develop lawns and gardens in available vacant space within the campus for trapping carbon, sulphur and nitrogen compounds.

1.24. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE / PLANNED INSPECTION Preventive maintenance and planned inspection of the facilities will be done in accordance with OISD as per schedule. The intermittent inspection and maintenance schedule would be prepared as per directive and procedures as per OISD.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION Indian Oil is India's flagship national oil company with business interests straddling the entire hydrocarbon value chain from refining, pipeline transportation and marketing of petroleum products to exploration & production of crude oil & gas, marketing of natural gas and petrochemicals. It is the leading Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing. With over 34,000 strong work forces, Indian Oil has been helping to meet India’s energy demands for over half a century. With a corporate vision to be the Energy of India, Indian Oil closed the year 2013-14 with a sales turnover of Rs.4,57,553 Crore and profits of Rs 7,019 Crore. At Indian Oil, operations are strategically structured along business verticals - Refineries, Pipelines, Marketing, R&D Centre and Business Development - E&P, Petrochemicals and Natural Gas. To achieve the next level of growth, Indian Oil is currently forging ahead on a well laid-out road map through vertical integration upstream into oil exploration & production (E&P) and downstream into petrochemicals - and diversification into natural gas marketing and alternative energy, besides globalization of its downstream operations. Having set up subsidiaries in Sri Lanka, Mauritius and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Indian Oil is simultaneously scouting for new business opportunities in the energy markets of Asia and Africa. The demand of LPG for domestic purposes is increasing day by day. To cope up with increasing demand, Public Sector Oil Companies are setting up new bottling plants as well as augmenting their existing capacity. Accordingly, IOCL has also initiated the process of setting up new plants as well as augmenting their existing facilities in various region of India. At present the plant have 1 X 24 M/c Electronic Filling Machines with check scale and 8 bays of Tank Lorry Decanting Shed for its Operation of Receipt and Bottling of LPG, 1X1400 MT - Sphere and 3X150 MT - above ground bullets. At present the plant fills about 6500 MT of LPG for Domestic and Non Domestic Usages. As per EIA Notification, published in Gazette of India, Extraordinary Part-II, Section-3, sub- section (ii) of Ministry of Environment & Forest dated 14.09.2006 & subsequent amendments, the proposed project falls in Activity 6(b), Category- B of “List of Projects or Activities Requiring Prior Environmental Clearance”. As per the above notification, proposed project will have to obtain environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) or State Environmental Appraisal Committee (SEAC). The

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

above proposal was considered in the 43 SEAC meeting held on 29.08.2013 and 30.08.2013. The committee observed that the proposed expansion project comes under item No 6(b) of the schedule and Category B1. Public hearing has been exempted for the expansion project as per Stage (3) - Public Consultation (i)-(b), since it is located in the SIDCO Industrial Estate. The Hon’ble SEAC after the presentation of Proposed TORs issued the Terms of Reference for the preparation of EIA report on 17.09.2013. Based on the approved TORs the present EIA report has been prepared by carrying out Baseline Environmental Monitoring for 3 months excluding monsoon season. M/s IOCL has appointed M/s ABC Techno Labs India Pvt Ltd, for preparation of EIA/ EMP Reports for proposed project in order to seek environmental clearance.

1.1 JUSTIFICATION OF PROPOSED PROJECT The proposed project is an expansion of existing facility by augmenting the bottling capacity by the installation of another advance 1x24 M/c Electronic Filling Machines with latest technology and addition of another 8 TLD bays to unload/receive Bulk LPG and 3 x 600 MT mounded tanks for storage. All these facilities are planned within the existing premises having all statutory approvals. At present the plant is being operated on the land granted by TACID (Tamil Nadu Corporation for Industrial Infrastructure Development) the land allotment letter has been enclosed as Annexure 1. The copy of Gazette Notification issued by Tamilnadu Government indicating the location of the project at SIPCOT Perundurai is enclosed as Annexure 2. The certified documentary evidence for ownership of the land by the way of long term lease is enclosed as Annexure 3. The plant caters to domestic and non domestic LPG requirements of the following districts namely Erode, Tirupur, Namakkal, Karur, Dindigul etc. The Bulk LPG is received in Bullet trucks from Refinery/Import Bottling Plants, stored in above ground storage tanks and filled in to cylinders for distribution through packed trucks. With the Central and State Govt Policy decision of going for cleaner fuel and covering of most of the household by LPG, there is growing demand for requirement of LPG cylinders. In the view of the above, it is proposed to augment the existing bottling capacity to about 3650 MT per month.

Advantages of augmenting additional storage facilities.

1. Able to meet social commitment in time and to meet the future demand.

2. Expansion can be implemented in the shortest span of time after clearance

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3. Less impact on environment by augmentation.

4. Minimum period of 3 months from the date of clearance for augmentation of production. The augmented storage capacity may be completed by 2015.

5. By augmenting the storage capacity, plant will have 5 days coverage of bottling capacity of 700 MT/ day. The type and intensity of impacts on the various components of the environment vary depending on the nature and size of the project as well as its geographical locations. The net impacts from individual project can be identified through Environmental Impact Assessment studies of various components of environment such as noise, air, water, land, biological and socioeconomic. A field survey and baseline monitoring was carried out at project site during winter season (January, February and March 2014) for collection of primary data and baseline information. Secondary information with regard to the demographic profile, habitation, climatic conditions, water resources, land use pattern, cropping pattern, biological indicators, historical importance, industrial development and other environmentally sensitive parameters around the project site was also collected for authentication of primary data. The information collected was validated at site. For baseline data collection a study area of 10 km radius around the proposed project site of IOCL Erode Bottling Plant has been considered. This EIA Report is prepared based on baseline data collected for on one season, which cover all individual components of environment and are described in detail in subsequent chapters.

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT. The proposed expansion project is being carried out by M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, at Plot No-180, 181,195 to 207,223 & 227 to 231. The total land area is 60.95 Acres situated at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Sector, Perundurai, Erode District. Latitude of the Project: N11o 14’ 51.44” Longitude of the Project: E77o 33’22.57” Elevation: 310M Indian Oil is India's flagship national oil company with business interests straddling the entire hydrocarbon value chain from refining, pipeline transportation and marketing of petroleum products to exploration & production of crude oil & gas, marketing of natural gas and petrochemicals. It is the leading Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing. With over 34,000 strong work force, Indian Oil has been helping to meet India’s energy demands

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

for over half a century. With a corporate vision to be the Energy of India, Indian Oil closed the year 2013-14 with a sales turnover of Rs.4,57,553 Crore and profits of Rs 7,019 Crore. At Indian Oil, operations are strategically structured along business verticals - Refineries, Pipelines, Marketing, R&D Centre and Business Development - E&P, Petrochemicals and Natural Gas. To achieve the next level of growth, Indian Oil is currently forging ahead on a well laid-out road map through vertical integration upstream into oil exploration & production (E&P) and downstream into petrochemicals - and diversification into natural gas marketing and alternative energy, besides globalisation of its downstream operations. Having set up subsidiaries in Sri Lanka, Mauritius and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Indian Oil is simultaneously scouting for new business opportunities in the energy markets of Asia and Africa. 1.3 CONTACT DETAILS OF PROJECT PROPONENT. Table: 1.1. Contact details

Name of the M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited Project proponent Name of the Senior Plant Manager, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. LPG Bottling plant. Erode applicant Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Registered Address Indane Bottling Plant, SIPCOT Industrial Growth Sector. Perundurai, 638052. Erode District. Tamilnadu

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Project Location Indane Bottling Plant, SIPCOT Industrial Growth Sector. Perundurai, 638052. Erode District. Tamilnadu.

180(pt), 194(pt), 195(pt), 196(pt), 197(pt), 198(pt), 199, 200(pt), 201(pt), Survey Nos. 202(pt), 223(pt), 229(pt), 230 & 231 of Perundurai Village Contact number 04294-234302,3,6,33 Fax 04294-234304

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE IOCL INDANE BOTTLING PLANT AT PERUNDURAI Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) proposed to set up expansion plant in its existing facility at SIPCOT Industrial Complex off the National Highway Salem - Palakkad (Off N.H.47). The plot is 60.95 acres of land and is 5 Kms away from Perundurai Taluk. This is an existing Bottling Plant to meet the market demand augmentation of facility has been

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

proposed. Hence for this augmentation no additional land is required. The proposed expansion facilities are planned within the existing premises. The Google image showing the project location is enclosed as Plate No. 3

Figure 1.1: Google image of the project location

1.5 SCOPE & METHODOLOGY

1.5.1 Scope of EIA study An area of 10 km radius of the LPG bottling plant has been considered as the general study area for conducting detailed studies / baseline data generation. The scope of the study is as follows:

• To undertake environmental monitoring so as to establish the baseline environmental status of the environmental components;

• To identify existing pollution loads due to various activities;

• To evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributesin the study area by using widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies.

• To prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality and for environmentally sustainable development.

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• To prepare post project monitoring plan to monitor the changes in the environmental quality after the implementation of the project.

1.5.2 Methodology for EIA Study To assess the baseline status of environment, monitoring locations were selected, keeping in mind the micro-meteorology, season and existing sources of pollution in the area. Different environmental attributes for their various parameters were monitored and analyzed during the study period (January, February and March 2014). Secondary data collected from different Govt., Semi-Govt. Agencies and other agencies were compiled, interpreted and presented. Scope of the study also includes a detailed characterization of various environmental components like air, noise, water, soil and socio-economic conditions within an area of 10 km radius around the project site.

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Fig 1.3: Location map of Study Area - Topo Map

1.6 Site Selection IOCL proposes to implement the proposed project in its existing plant, as it is an expansion project selection of alternative site has not been considered. There are no sensitive area such as National Monuments, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries, etc. within 10 km radius of the project site.

1.6.1 Air Environment Ambient air quality data within 10 km radius were collected. Taking into account micro- meteorological conditions, sampling sites were identified. Fugitive emissions in the work zone environment, product, and raw material storage areas must be regularly monitored. The project is not expected to increase atmospheric concentration of gases & result in heat islands. In this Bottling Plant, no chemical process is involved and it involves, receipt and storage of LPG. This product is subsequently transferred to LPG cylinders. Seven ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected within the study area, one monitoring station proposed project site and six monitoring stations located at buffer zone. The parameters selected for ambient air quality status are Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10, PM 2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Hydro Carbon (HC), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), all the parameters were monitored on 24 hour cycle.

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1.6.2 Water Environment Information on water resources was collected. The critical parameters of prime importance were selected and analyzed under physical and chemical (inorganic and organic), aspects. Ground and surface water samples were collected from different locations. Approximately 2.5 KLD of water is required for domestic and sanitation purposes. There will not be any diversion of water from other users. Rain water harvesting facilities will be provided to collect the annual rain fall. Efforts will be made to see that the project does not aggravate flooding or water logging. The design will provide for independent surface / storm water drain and sewers connected to septic tank / soak pit to ensure that polluting of aquifers and land is avoided. Storm water will be connected to the rainwater harvesting system. Plumbing will be done in such a way that waste water is used for Gardening

1.6.3 Noise Environment Noise pollution may cause an adverse effect on human beings and associated environment including land, domestic animals, wild life and natural ecological systems. Hence, noise level surveys were carried out at site and at different locations within the study area of the project. Measurements were taken at plant boundaries, residential places like villages and sensitive areas like schools, hospitals etc. The Physical description of sound concerns to its loudness as a function of frequency. Sound Pressure Levels (SPL’s) are measured in decibels on the A-weighted scale, dB (A), where the A-weighting scheme accounts for the sensitivities of the human ear over the audio spectrum.

1.6.4 Land Environment Studies were undertaken to characterize and describe the land environment and various components in terms of land use and cropping patterns, physico-chemical properties of soils etc. Soil samples were collected and analyzed. Plant species for the development of green belt were also studied taking attenuation factors into consideration. This is an existing Bottling Plant having an area of 60.95 acres inside SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Perundurai, Erode. The proposed augmentation is planned within the existing area. Hence there is no requirement of additional land. The Bottling Plant already exists and it is well developed. The proposed facilities are inside the developed area of the existing Bottling Plant. The site and its surroundings are mainly barren land at an elevation. The location is free from bird sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, National Parks, Breeding and green Pastures or

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Archeological monuments. Neither the site nor areas around have any perennial river / streams. Nearest locations around the site are given below (Site key plan enclosed):

• The land area is approximately 60.95 acres.

• Total Built up area of the site is approximately 3.5 acres.

• There are no likely impacts of the proposed activity on the existing facilities adjacent to the proposed site, such as open spaces, community facilities, details of the existing land use, disturbance to the local ecology.

• There will not be any land disturbance resulting in erosion, subsidence & instability.

• This project will not involve alteration of natural drainage systems.

• Based on the contour of the site, it will involve excavation of top soil and cutting and filling based on the proposed facilities requirement and drainage scheme, which will be done at the detailed Engineering stage. Excavated soil will not be transported outside and will be utilized within the site.

• During construction requirement of water is minimal since the civil construction work is negligible. Most of the activity will be primarily mechanical in nature. However the primary source of water during construction is water supplied from SIPCOT. It is also planned for rain water harvesting for back charging the earth.

• There are no wet lands around the site and only industries are mainly located.

1.6.5 Biological Environment The study was based on physical observation of the species in the project shadow area. The functional area expert team visited the area and collected the data on flora and fauna, forestry and wildlife, as well as the avian scenario of the project study area.

1.6.6 Socio-Economic Environment Compilation and collection of requisite type of data were undertaken, such as, demographic pattern, population density per Km and economic status, educational facilities, medical facilities, health status transport and communication, entertainment etc. Such data were collected from villages falling within a radius of 10 km of the study area.

1.7 LIKELY IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT The proposed expansion project involving the storage and marketing of petroleum products can directly or indirectly affect the environment, so the following dimensions have been studied in detail to analyze the resulting impact on environment as a whole:

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• Air Environment • Noise Environment • Water Environment • Land Environment • Biological Environment • Socio Economic Environment The assessment of above impacts have been carried out and discussed in the report. Metamorphosis Project Consultants Pvt. Ltd. conducted the EIA study to assess impacts of the proposed project on the environment. Accordingly, various safeguards have been suggested to ensure that the potential impacts are mitigated and conform to the prescribed limits.

1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) The awareness of environment has led to the development of Environmental Management Plan including minor development projects, wherein anticipated impact are assessed and the management plan to mitigate these impacts has been stipulated in advance. The project involves storage, filling and supplying of LPG. EMP will cover the management of the environmental attributes that may arise due to the current project in the entire stage of operation. Environmental Management Plan reviews the adequacy of various pollution control measures envisaged for proposed project in mitigating various environmental impacts identified. EMP has been prepared it describes administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness is monitored.

1.9 RISK ANALYSIS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Risk Analysis is identification and assessment of the principal cases the hazards due to fire & explosion and to formulate accordingly appropriate mitigation measures. The DMP followed by Risk Analysis from the proposed project which will help in identifying the vulnerable points and possible hazards. These are then assessed applying the appropriate risk analysis methods. The detail report for RA and DMP is being explained in the following chapters.

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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPE OF THE PROJECT IOCL is proposing to expand its operation by augmentation of Bottling capacity done by Installation of another advance 1x24 M/c Electronic Filling Machines with latest technology and addition of another 8 TLD bays to unload/receive Bulk LPG and 3 x 600 MT capacity mounded tanks for storage. All these facilities are planned within the existing premises having all statutory approvals. At present the plant caters to domestic and non domestic LPG requirements of the following districts namely Erode, Tirupur, Namakkal, Karur, Dindigul etc. The Bulk LPG is received in Bullet trucks from Refinery/Import Bottling Plants, Stored in Above Ground storage tanks and filled in to cylinders for distribution through packed trucks.

2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT At present the plant caters to domestic and non domestic LPG requirements of the following districts namely Erode, Tirupur, Namakkal, Karur, Dindigul etc. The Bulk LPG is received in Bullet trucks from Refinery/Import Bottling Plants, stored in above ground storage tanks and filled in to cylinders for distribution through packed trucks. With the Central and state Govt Policy decision of going for cleaner fuel and covering of most of the household by LPG, there is growing demand for requirement of LPG cylinders. In the view of the above, it is proposed to augment the existing bottling capacity to about 3650 MT per month.

2.3 PROJECT LOCATION Indane Bottling Plant is existing at Perundurai SIPCOT Industrial Complex off the National Highway Salem - Palakkad (Off N.H.47). The Plant is 5 Kms away from Perundurai. The Plant is spread over a 60.95 Acres of land and is surrounded by its entire periphery with 3 Meters height compound wall over which 0.6 meter of barbed fencing is provided. Inside the periphery wall of the premises, a 30 meters green belt area is developed. The location map of the project site is provided as Fig 2.1 The proposed expansion site is located within the existing LPG bottling plant, SIPCOT Industrial Growth Sector, Plot No. 180,181,195 to 207, 223 & 227 to 231 of Perundurai Village, Erode District. The expansion facilities will be constructed in an area of 3.5 acres inside the existing bottling plant. The site lease lies towards South West of Perundurai village at a distance of 6 Kms (Ariel distance) approximately and also lies towards East of Periyavettupalayam village at a distance of 2 Kms approximately. This lease area is approachable by all weather road/s up to the lease.

Erode is the district head quarter which is at a distance of 20 Kms approximately where all the infrastructural facilities are available. Chennai, the state capital is at a distance of 400 Kms from the project site towards North East. The nearest International Airport is Coimbatore (75 Kms) & Nearest Seaport is Cochin (300 Kms) approximately and the nearest railhead on Broad-gauge is Erode at

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distance of 20 Kms. A key plan showing site location and its surrounding 10 Kms radius is enclosed as Plate No. 2 and Erode district map showing the location of the IOCL bottling plant and accessibility roads is enclosed as Plate No. 3. The area is falls under the Survey of India Top sheet No 58 / E / 12. The area is shown on the location plan. The salient features of the project site are given Table 2.1.

Fig 2.1: Location Map of the Project Site 2.4 ACCESSIBILITY TO PROJECT SITE

The LPG bottling plant, lies towards SW of Erode city which is at a distance of 20 Kms (By road), and it lies towards south west of Perundurai village which is at a distance of 5 Kms. This plant is approachable by all weather roads up the bottling plant. The accessibility route map (Google) has been provided - Fig. 2.2

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Figure 2.2: Site Location and Accessibility Map

2.5 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT SITE

The IOCL Erode bottling plant is located in the SIPCOT Industrial area, which is designated as the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) by the Tamilnadu Government. The plant is easily accessible, as there are well laid out roads and ample transportation means available to reach the bottling plant. The detailed salient features around the project site, such as nearby schools, hospitals, natural forests, etc, are provided in the below Table. 2.1

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Fig 2.10: Plant Layout Plan with Existing and Proposed Facilities

14 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

Table 2.1: Salient Features of the Project

Particulars Details Total site area 60.95 Acres Toposheet No. 58 E/12 1x24 M/c Electronic Filling Machines 8 TLD bays to Proposed Expansion units unload/receive Bulk LPG 3 x 600 MT mounded tanks for storage and other online facilities. Longitude E 77o 33' 22.70” Latitude N 11o 14' 51.44” Estimated project cost Rs. 30 Crores Land use Designated Industrial Land Present Land use Barren land Average Temperature Max 36o C, Min 27 °C Average Annual Rainfall 812 mm Predominant Wind direction South West followed by North East Nearest Town/City Perundurai (5Kms) Man power 54 nos in general shift Highest and lowest elevation 310 MSL Nearest habitation/town Kaslingampalayam ( Approx. 1Km)

Width of access road to the quarry 3.5 M main road site Nearest airport Coimbatore International Airport - 75 Kms Nearest highway National Highway - 47 towards North West

Nearest railway line from mine Erode - 20 Kms boundary Power supply DG Sets/Tamilnadu Electricity Board Water and its source of supply SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre

Hills/ Valleys Chennimalai Hills - 10 Km (approx) Arsana Malai Hills - 6 Km (approx) Topography Undulating National Parks None in study area

Major water bodies River Cauvery - 20 Kms ( Aerial), major end Lower Bhavani Canal - 10 Kms ( Aerial), major end Streams/ Rivers River Cauvery - 20 Kms ( Aerial)

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Particulars Details Major Industries Rocca parryware, Arya plastics, MM industries Chennimalai Reserve forest - 10 Km (approx) Reserve Forests Kongampalayam Protected forest - 6 Km (approx) Vaypaddi Reserve forest - 7 Km (approx)

The area falls under Seismic Zone II as defined by IS 1893 Seismicity - 1975, which indicates the area is seismically stable as per BMTPC Vulnerability atlas Seismic zone of India.

Nearest dispensary and Govt. Perundurai Government hospital Hospital Education facility Govt. Boys higher secondary school, Perundurai Fire station Perundurai fire service station Ambulance KMC, Perundurai Police station Perundurai police station

Church/temple/mosque Soleeshwarar temple, Perundurai Electrical installation like HT line -11 KV-TNEB line LT line- 415 V transformer/HT line or LT line Transformer- 630 KVA step down transformer

Defense installation No Archeological Features No 2.6 Plant Facilities The existing and proposed facilities at the Erode LPG bottling plant is mentioned in the below Table 2.2, plant layout plan has been enclosed as Plate No.4

Table 2.2: Existing and Proposed Plant facilities

Sl. Description of Existing facilities Proposed facilities No. facilities 3 X 150 MT Bullets 1X1400 MT Horton 3 X 600 MT Mounded 1 Bulk Storage Sphere Bullets 2 LPG Pumps 2 x 48 m3/ hr 1 x 85 m3/ hr

LPG 1) 2 x 75 CFM 3 1) 2 x 150 CFM Compressors 2) 1 x 100 CFM

4 Air Compressor 2X 170 CFM 1 X500 CFM

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Sl. Description of Existing facilities Proposed facilities No. facilities 5 Carousal 1x 24 point electronic carousal 1x24 point electronic carousal Unloading finger, empty cum filling shed, 1000 Sqm area to be 6 Filling shed filled cylinder storage shed, loading finger and extended valve change shed. Tank Lorry 7 8 Bays 8 bays Decantation 8 Fire Water Tank 2X3700 KL 1 X 3700 KL Fire Pump: Auto 9 5 X 410 Cum/hr Nil Start Fire Hydrants & 31 Nos of double hydrants & 37 nos of 15 nos of double hydrant 10 monitors monitors and 10 monitors added 4 additional DV’s with MV spray 14 nos of dvs with QB system and MV spray 11 sprinkler system will be system network provided 12 Generators 2 x 275 KvA DG, 1 x 140 KvA DG 1x625 KvA DG

2.7 Process Description 2.7.1 LPG Receipt & Storage Perundurai LPG bottling plant receives LPG through road tankers. The LPG is then unloaded and stored in 3 LPG bullets of 150 MT capacity respectively and one 1400 MT Horton sphere. The LPG is filled in the cylinders by integrated carousal machine. IOCL proposes to expand the facility with 3 mounded bullets of each capacity 600 MT and Tanker Load Decantation (TLD) shed with 8 bays. The plant layout plan with existing and proposed facilities are given in Fig. 2.3

2.7.2 Unloading LPG received by road tankers is unloaded in TLD shed comprising 8 nos. of unloading bays. The road tankers are connected to liquid and vapour lines from AG Bullet by unloading arm provided with excess flow check valve and isolation valve. Road tankers are provided with Roto gauges. Flow indicators are provided in the liquid line leading to Bullets. Vapour line is connected to the compressor through a four way valve. LPG is unloaded from the road tanker by differential pressure method.

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Fig 2.3: Existing 1400 MT Horton Sphere at IOCL Erode bottling plant.

Fig 2.4: Existing 3 x 150 MT above Ground bullets at IOCL Erode bottling plant

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Fig 2.5: Existing 8 TLD Bays at IOCL Erode bottling plant

Fig 2.6: Existing LPG Pump house at IOCL Erode bottling plant

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Fig 2.7: LPG Cylinders loading shed at IOCL Erode bottling plant

Fig 2.8: Fire water tank at IOCL Erode bottling plant

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Fig 2.9: Barren Site inside the plant where additional facilities are proposed. 2.7.3 LPG Pumps LPG pumps will take suction from bottom of A/G Bullets and deliver liquid to carousal for filling in empty cylinders.

2.7.3 LPG Vapour Compressors 3 nos. of LPG vapour compressors have been provided. The compressor is used for unloading of LPG from road tankers by pressurization and thereafter for recovery of LPG vapour from the road tankers when unloading is complete. The compressor is equipped with a suction receiver (knock out drum) to trap any condensed liquid.

2.7.4 Air Compressor & Air Drying Unit 2 nos. of Air compressors are provided for supply of compressed air for plant requirement as well as for preparation of instrument air at a press of 7 Kg/Cm a.Compressed air shall be generally required as plant air/service air and a part of the compressed air passes through air 2O drying unit for generation of instrument air at 7 Kg/Cm a and relative humidity at -15 C. Instrument air is required for LPG handling & filling system, operation of instruments including ROVs and quartzite bulbs etc. The air compressor and air drying unit are located at a sufficient distance from LPG handling facilities.

2.7.5 LPG Cylinder Filling and Associated Facilities Empty cylinders from empty cylinder storage shed are drawn in the filling shed by chain conveyer. LPG is filled by means of rotary machines called "Carousel”. The carousel consists of a turnable

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frame with running wheels and corresponding rail, a central column for gas and air and a hydraulic driving unit, which rotates the carousel frame. The speed of the driving unit is variable so that the rotation of the carousel can be adapted to various filling capacities. The carousel is equipped with 24 filling guns. LPG filling machine mounted on the carousel works on gross weighing principle. The machine is preset for the net filling required in the cylinders. The cylinders are placed on the machine and the filling head is connected to the cylinder valve and LPG supply valve opens. The filling machine is adjusted for the respective tare weight of the cylinders. The filling gets automatically cut off when the total gross weight reaches.

2.7.6 Checking of weight and Leak Testing After filling, every cylinder is checked for its weight on a check weighing scale and the cylinders having less or more weight are segregated. The cylinders are checked for valve leakage by Double Compaction Valve Testing (DCVT) and then checking for body & bung leaks by totally submerging cylinders under water as per prevailing practice. After leak testing, the cylinders are sent to filled cylinder storage shed by means of chain conveyers for loading in the trucks.

2.7.7 Air Removal from Cylinders and LPG Vapour Filling - Purging Unit This unit is required to fill LPG vapour in cylinders (new and repaired) after sucking the air from cylinders by vacuum pumps. This operation is highly essential to eliminate the possibility of forming explosive mixture with air. Vacuum is created upto 450 mm of Hg inside the cylinder and then LPG vapour is injected into the cylinder up to a pressure of 1.5 to 2 kg/cm g before using them for filling.

2.7.8 Evacuation of Leaky Cylinders LPG is taken out from leaky cylinders and defective valve is replaced in the repairing shed. This unit consists of one LPG vapour compressor, two evacuation vessels and cylinder stand to keep the leaky cylinders in inverted position. Transfer of LPG from leaky cylinders is done by differential pressure method. The liquid collected in a vessel is transferred to AG Bullets / Horton Sphere by pressurization. Leaky cylinders are further evacuated and thereafter depressurized through cold flare unit before sending for cold repair.

2.7.9 Storage of Filled Cylinders & Transportation Filled cylinders after leak testing, weight testing and fixing safety caps are stacked in the filled cylinder shed near the delivery end as per rules laid down by OISD/Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981. Filled cylinders are delivered only to the authorized LPG distributors. Drivers of the trucks carrying LPG are having valid license and are having training in safety & fire fighting procedures.

2.8 ENERGY/POWER REQUIREMENT The source of power is from TNEB HT line of 11 KV which will terminate inside the Bottling Plant. The design engineering will take into considerations such as energy saving equipments such as soft

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starters, variable frequency drive and capacitor banks. Passive solar architectural features will be considered in such areas where natural lighting could be effectively used. The standby power requirement for project activities is met through D G sets of 1 numbers of 625 KVA, 2 numbers of 275 KVA and 1 number of 140 KVA. A detailed fire safety philosophy in line with OISD will be developed to take care of the fire protection system. A detailed Emergency plan will be made available as a part of Onsite Emergency. Efforts will be made to assess and harness non conventional energy sources as far as possible.

Table 2.3: Energy requirement details

Existing Sl.No. Generator capacity Exhaust height Remarks 1. 2X 275 KVA 5.5 M --- 2. 1X140 KVA 5.5 M --- Proposed Sl.No. Generator capacity Exhaust height Remarks 1. 1X625 KVA 6 M —

2.9 WATER REQUIREMENT Approximately 2.5 KLD of utility water is required. There will not be any diversion of water from other users. Rain water harvesting facilities will be provided to collect the annual rain fall. Efforts will be made to see that the project does not aggravate flooding or water logging. The design will provide for independent surface / storm water drain and sewers connected to septic tank / soak pit to ensure that polluting of aquifers and land is avoided. Storm water will be connected to the rainwater harvesting system. Plumbing will be done in such a way that waste water is used for Gardening. The water for industrial purposes such as fire fighting is consumed only during fire emergency. The amount of waste water generated from the domestic consumption will be treated by CPCB approved septic tanks and soak pits.

2.10 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT. The average number of workers employed per day during construction stage will be around 30 persons. The expansion programme will be outsourced to a outside vendor through proper tendering procedures who will be responsible for providing required manpower in order to complete the work in stipulated time. The workers coming will be using the existing facilities in the plant such as canteen. Drinking water and temporary shelter for resting during working hours will be provided at plant.

2.11 PROJECT COST The total cost of the proposed expansion plant is 32 Crores, including the land and machinery cost.

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CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION The baseline environmental studies help in assessing the existing environmental conditions of the study area and identifying the critical environmental attributes. This would facilitate the comparison of the resultant environmental conditions in the post project scenario with the present day conditions and would help in preserving the environment without any sensible, irreversible deterioration and safeguarding the interests of the area.

3.2 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA An area of 10 Km radius from the proposed site was considered as the study area. This chapter comprises the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental components. The existing environmental setting is considered to judge the baseline conditions which are described with respect to climate, hydro-geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology, socioeconomic profile, land-use pattern, places of archaeological importance etc.

3.3 STUDY PERIOD This report presents the primary data generated during the study period from 1st January, 2014 to 31st March, 2014 and the secondary data collected from various Government and semi-Government organisations. Secondary data, from various scientific studies conducted in the study area by various organizations, has also been collected, compiled and interpreted.

3.4 GENERAL ENVIRONMENT The LPG bottling plant of IOCL is located at SIPCOT Industrial Area, Ingur village under Perundurai Taluk of Erode district in the State of Tamilnadu. The bottling plant is spread over an area of 60.95 acres of land provided by the Government of Tamilnadu. Geographically, the plant is at longitude 77o33'22.7" East and latitude 11014'51.44" North at an elevation of about 310 m above mean sea level. The plant is at a distance of about 20 km from Erode, the nearest habitation town is in South West direction at a distance of about1 km from bottling plant. The two major water bodies flowing nearby to the project site are river Cauvery at distance of 20 Km and the lower Bhavani canal at 10 Km. The area falls under Seismic Zone II as defined by IS 1893 - 1975, which indicates the area is seismically stable as per BMTPC Vulnerability atlas, Seismic zone of India

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3.5 STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS The baseline studies include detailed characterization of various components like:

• Observations of Meteorological Parameters • Measuring the Ambient Air Quality Status and its Analysis • Measuring the Noise Quality and Analysis • Study of Water Quality and its Analysis • Soil Quality Survey and its Analysis

• Study of Flora and Fauna O Evaluation of Socio- Economic Status The salient features of baseline environmental studies are given below in Table- 3.1.

Table 3.1: Salient Features of Baseline Environmental Studies

Attribute Parameter Frequency of Monitoring

Wind Details like speed, direction, 3 months data has been collected to Micro - meteorological Temperature, Relative Humidity assess air pollution impacts on the Studies and Rainfall. surrounding environment.

PM 10 PM 2.5 3 months data has been collected to Ambient Air Quality Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Oxides of assess baseline Air Quality status of Nitrogen (NOx) the area.

3 months data has been collected to Noise Quality Data Noise levels identify noise producing areas.

Water Quality, Soil Physical & Chemical parameters To establish baseline Water Quality, Quality Data and Land along with measurement of heavy Soil Quality for future reference and Use pattern. metals and land use parameters. Land Use Pattern in the area.

Socio-Economic & To know the present Socio- Socio-Economic parameters Demographic Studies Economic status of the study area.

Methods of measurement of baseline data collection for various ambient air quality pollutants are based on the CPCB guidelines which are given below:

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3.6 REGIONAL GEOLOGY The district comprises a long rolling plain, slanting gently towards the Kaveri River in the south-east. Three major tributaries of river Kaveri, the Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathi, drain the long stretch of mountains in the north. The climate in general is dry and characterised by insufficient rainfall. The maximum rainfall is recorded in Gopichettipalayam and Bhavani taluks. Black loamy soil is found in parts of Erode. In this area soil is found to be rather sandy, stony and of the gravel type. In general it can be classified into two main groups (black and red soils). Lime stone is found in abundance in the form of modules, streaks and massive beds of grey and white colours interbanded with ignosis rocks. Feldspar of the five quality is also abundant. IRS-P6 Geo-coded FCC satellite image on 1:1, 30,000 scale of LISS-III was acquired and was used for mapping and interpretation. Besides, other collateral data as available in the form of maps, charts, census records, other reports and especially topographical survey of India maps on 1: 50,000 scale are used. In addition to this, ground level survey was also conducted to verify and confirm the ground features. The satellite map of study area is enclosed as Plate No. 5

Fig 3.2: 10 Km Radius Satellite Map of the Project Location.

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3.7 CLIMATIC CONDITION

3.7.1 Rainfall The Erode district receives the rain under the influence of both southwest and northeast monsoons. The northeast monsoon chiefly contributes to the rainfall in the district. The southwest monsoon is also reasonable. During the winter and hot seasons, the rainfall is scanty. The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from about 575 mm to about 833 mm. It is the minimum in the southern and south eastern parts of the district around Kodumudi (575.3 mm) Mulanur (581.0 mm) and Dharapuram (593.0 mm. It gradually increases towards north and northwest and reaches a maximum around Talavadi (833 mm). The details pertaining to Maximum & Minimum Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall, Wind Speed and Wind Direction for the month of January, February and March 2014 are given in Annexure 4, 5 & 6 respectively. The Frequency Distribution for the month of January, February and March 2014 are given in Annexure 7, 8 & 9 respectively. The western part of the Erode district enjoys a salubrious climate because of the hilly region, whereas the central and eastern parts of the district are hot and humid. The cooler and pleasant climate prevails in the hilly regions. The weather is extremely pleasant during the period from November to February both in the plains and on the hills. Mornings in general are more humid than the afternoons. The relative humidity varies from 65 to 87 percent during the northeast monsoon period between October and November. The hot weather begins early in March, the highest temperature being reached in April and May. Highest temperatures are recorded during the months of April and May with temperatures reaching 40°C. The weather in the plains during the summer i.e., from April to June is generally dry and hot. Weather cools down progressively from about the middle of June and by December. The night temperatures are the lowest in the hills.

3.8 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES 3.8.1 Geomorphology The Erode district forms part of the uplands of the state. Physiographically the district can be divided into hilly area, the upland area and plains area. The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery are 1) Structural hills, 2) Inselberg, 3) Ridges, 4) Valley fill, 5) Pediments, 6) Shallow Pediments. The hilly area is represented by the Western Ghats in the north western part of the district, the Biligiri Rangan hills in the north, Bodamalai hills in the north-western parts and Konbattarayan hills in the north central part of the district. Konbattarayan hill (1699 m above MSL) is the highest peak in the district while Moyar Gorge is a picturesque gorge in the Western Ghats through which Moyar river traverses.

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The Kongunadu uplands lie south of Bhavani river and the Lower Bhavani canal passes through these uplands. Scattered hillocks and knolls of moderate elevations occur within these uplands. The plains area is characterised by an undulating topography with a general gradient due east and southeast. The plains are limited to the east and south-western border of the district. The plains west of Cauvery river are known as Lower Cauvery plains.

3.8.2 Soil Type The soils of Erode district can be broadly classified into 6 major soils types viz., Red calcareous soil, Red non calcareous soil, Black Soil, Alluvial and Colluvial soils, Brown soil and Forest soil (Central Ground Water Board, District Brochure). Major part of the district covered by red calcareous soils. They are mostly sandy to loamy and characterised by the hard and compact layer of lime. The red non-calcareous soils are seen in Erode, Perundurai and Gopichettipalayam taluks. The block soils are occurring as patches in four taluks. Brown soil occupies only a small portion of Bhavani, Kangayam and Gopichettipalayam taluks. Alluvial soils are fund in small patches along the Noyil and Bhavani rivers and the Colluvial soils are found in the foothills of Western Ghats. Forest soil is confined to the reserve forest area in north-western part of the district, where a surface layer of organic matter is present.

3.9 HYDROGEOLOGY Erode district is underlain entirely by Archaean Crystalline formations with Recent alluvial deposits occurring along the river and streams courses and colluvium of valley-fills. The important aquifer systems in the district are constituted by weathered, fissured and fractured crystalline rocks and the recent alluvial deposits. The porous formations in the district are represented by alluvium and colluvium. The alluvial deposits are confined to the major river and stream courses only. Ground water occurs under phreatic conditions. The maximum saturated thickness of these aquifers is upto 5 m depending upon the topographic conditions. The area lying at the foot hill zones which are seen in the northern parts of the district is underlain by the colluvial material derived from the nearby hill ranges comprising sands and gravels. The maximum saturated thickness of these aquifers is up to 20 m depending upon the topographic conditions. Ground water occurs under phreatic conditions. The hard consolidated crystalline rocks of Archaean age represent weathered, fissured and fractured formations of gneisses, granites, charnockites and other associated rocks. Ground water occurs under phreatic conditions in the weathered mantle and under semi-confined conditions in the fractured zones. The thickness of the weathered mantle of the hard rock’s is varying from less than a meter to as much as 30 m. It is within the depth of 20 m in major part of the district while in the western and extreme north-north-eastern parts of the district, they are more than 20 m. The depth of the wells ranged from 7.00 to 45.00 m bgl.

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

3.10 DRAINAGE PATTERN The river Cauvery flows along the eastern border of the district. Most of the rivers and streams drained the district form the tributaries to the Cauvery river. The Bhavani river, which has its origin in the Silent Valley range of Kerala State, enters the district about 30 km west of Bhavanisagar and flows more or less in an easterly direction and confluences with the river Cauvery at Bhavani town. Moyar river is a major tributary of the river Bhavani. The river Bhavani is tamed by a reservoir namely the Bhavanisagar. The Palar river originating in the south Bargur forest flows in north- easterly and easterly directions. Maniyar Halla, Tatta Halla, Kathala Halla, Yemahatti Halla and Dinnepattipaliam are the important minor tributaries of the Palar river. The Noyil River draining the southern part of the district has its origin. The Noyil River draining the southern part of the district has its origin in the Boluvampatty valley (Central Ground Water Board, District Brochure) of the Vellingiri hills of Western Ghats enter the district flowing from Coimbatore district. The Amaravathi River and its tributaries drain the southern part of the district. It has its origin in Kerala state and passing through the adjoining districts, enters the district at about 5 km south of Salempalayam. The major tributaries to Amaravathi river are the Uppar Odai, Shanmukha Nadi, Nallathangal Odai and Vattamalakkarai. The important streamlets flowing in the northern side are the Bale Halla and Anaikodu Halla, which form tributaries to Suvaranavati River flowing into Karnataka.

3.11 WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION ASSESSMENT The Predominant wind direction during Winter 2014 is from North East to South West direction with average wind speed between 2.1 to 3.6 m/s. Maximum relative humidity value is around 85 per cent. Minimum temperature recorded is 28.5°C and Maximum temperature is 32.7°C. The Wind Rose diagram for the study period i.e. Winter 2014 is given in Fig- 3.4

29

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

Fig 3.3: Wind rose diagram for the season of Winter 2014

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

3.12 AIR ENVIRONMENT Important factors governing the locations of the sampling stations are the particular method of instrument used for sampling, resources available, physical access and security against loss and tampering. Air quality monitoring should be done in areas where pollution problem is expected. The objective of monitoring is to determine status and trends of air quality in the region so as to compare their levels and determine trends after the implementation of the project. In general the following requirements are met for conducting environmental monitoring. • Height of the inlet maintained at 3 - 10 m above the ground level. • The sampler kept at a distance of more than 20 m from trees. • Distance of the sampler to any air flow obstacle i.e. buildings, maintained at more than two times the height of the obstacle above the sampler. • Unrestricted airflow was maintained. The existing Ambient Air Quality scenario in the study region has been assessed by establishing a network of 6 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations in the Buffer Zone and 1 monitoring locations within the project site. Design of monitoring network of the air quality surveillance program was based on the following considerations.

• Topography / Terrain of the study area • Human Settlements • Wind Pattern • Health Status • Representation of Regional Background Levels • Accessibility of Monitoring Site • Resource Availability Pre-calibrated Combined Dust Samplers (PM10 & PM2.5) has been used for monitoring the existing AAQ status. Significant parameters viz., Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm and less than 2.5 µm

- PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Hydro carbons and VOC were monitored in the Core and Buffer Zones. Ambient Air Quality locations are given in Table 3.2 and Fig 3.4. A key plan showing the air monitoring locations has been enclosed as Plate No.

31 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

Table 3.2: Ambient Air Quality Locations with Distance

Code Name of Sampling Distance Direction & Location in Km Degree Core Zone A-1 Project Site -- -- Buffer Zone A-2 Vijayapuri Village 4.5 W (270) A-3 Kuttampm Village 2.5 SE (135) A-4 Panikkampalyam Village 5.5 E (90) A-5 Kallangulam Village 3 NW (315) A-6 Perundurai 5.25 NE (45) SSW (202.5) A -7 Vayppadi Village 8

Fig 3.4: Baseline Air monitoring Locations

3.12.1 Analysis of baseline concentrations Analysis of baseline air quality data is detailed in the subsequent paragraphs.

32 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

3.12.2 Project Site Air monitoring has been conducted in the existing IOCL bottling plant, to assess present pollution level due to LPG bottling and other activities. The Observed levels of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx collected during the study period of winter 2014 season are given in Annexure No.

10. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX collected during winter 2014 season are represented graphically in Fig 3.5

Fig 3.5: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Project Site.

3.12.3 Vijayapuri Village This ambient air quality monitoring location is located towards West of the bottling plant at a distance of about 4.5 km. Detailed monitoring results are tabulated in the Annexure No. 11 Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx collected during Winter 2014 season are represented graphically in Fig 3.6

Fig 3.6: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Vijayapuri Village.

33 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

3.12.4 Kuttampam Village This ambient air quality monitoring location is located towards South East side of the bottling plant at a distance of about 2.5 km. Detailed monitoring results are tabulated in the Annexure No.

12. Concentrations of PM10, PM25, SO2 and NOX collected during Winter 2014 seasons are represented graphically in Fig 3.7.

Fig 3.7: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Kuttampam Village. 3.12.5 Panikkampalyam Village This ambient air quality monitoring location is located towards East side of the bottling plant at a distance of about 5.5 Km. Detailed monitoring results are tabulated in the Annexure No. 13.

Concentrations of PMi0, PM25, SO2 and NOX collected during Winter 2014 seasons are represented graphically in Fig 3.8.

Fig 3.8: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Panikkampalyam Village.

34 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

3.12.5 Kallangulam Village This ambient air quality monitoring location is located towards North West side of the bottling plant at a distance of about 3.0 Km. Detailed monitoring results are tabulated in the Annexure No. 14.

Concentrations of PMi0, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX collected during Winter 2014 seasons are represented graphically in Fig 3.9

Fig 3.9: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Kallangulam Village.

3.12.6 Perundurai Village This ambient air quality monitoring location is located towards North East side of the bottling plant at a distance of about 5 km. Detailed monitoring results are tabulated in the Annexure No.

15. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX collected during winter 2014 seasons are represented graphically in Fig 3.10

`

Fig 3.10: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Perundurai Village.

35 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

3.12.7 Vayppadi Village This ambient air quality monitoring location is located towards South South West side of the bottling plant at a distance of about 7 km. Detailed monitoring results are tabulated in the Annexure No. 16. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx collected during Winter 2014 seasons are represented graphically in Fig 3.11

Fig 3.11: Graphical representation of baseline air quality at Vayppadi Village. 3.12.8 Observation/Interpretation The results show that, the baseline air quality of all monitoring locations sampled in the core and buffer zones of the study area are well within the limits stipulated by the pollution control board, although utmost care will be taken to control and mitigate the air pollution by adopting methods as proposed in the environmental management plan. 3.13 Water Environment The fresh water system can be broadly classified under the following three headings:

(a) Ground water system of wells and aquifers. (b) Lentic system of ponds and lakes, and (c) Lotic system of rivers and streams Water quality of ground water resources within the study area has been studied for assessing the present status of hydro environment and to evaluate anticipated impact due to the plant activities. Physico-chemical characterisation of water is essential in preparation of Environmental Management Plan and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures and to safe guard the ecosystem. The purpose of this study is devoted to: • Assessment of water quality with reference to relevant parameters; • Evaluate the present status of water on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, creational

36 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

resources and aesthetics in the vicinity ; and

• Prediction of impact on water quality due to the plant activities by assessing the receptive and assimilative power of the local water bodies. The information required has been collected through Primary survey and Secondary sources of information. Water quality monitoring is carried-out to characterize water and identify the changes or trends in water quality over time. The monitoring also helps to identify specific existing or emerging water quality problems and gather information to design specific pollution prevention or remediation programs. Since there are no surface water streams, ground water samples were collected in the villages of study area around 10 km radius.

The water is an important natural resource which is required for wellbeing of the mankind and animal life on the earth. It is also necessary to use the available water judiciously to conserve the natural potable water. Hence it is necessary to assess the baseline data of different water sources available in the study area. It not only helps to use the water in an economic way, but also gives the changes in the water quality, if any, after the implementation of the project. The assessment of baseline data on water quality includes: • Identification of surface water sources. • Identification of ground water sources. • Collection of water samples. • Analyzing water samples collected for Physico-Chemical and Biological parameters. The water samples were collected from the available ground water and surface water sources and have been analyzed to assess the quality of water and any impacts on the quality of water due to quarrying operation. The surface and ground water quality sampling location details are given in Table 3.3 & Table 3.4 and the Locations showing Surface and Ground Water monitoring stations is given in Fig 3.13. A Key plan showing the water monitoring locations has been enclosed as Plate No. 7.

37 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

3.13.1 Surface water body The nearest Surface Water source is Lower Bhavani Canal which is at a distance of about 10 km from the IOCL bottling plant.

Table 3.3.Water Sampling Locations with Distance

Code Name of Sampling Location Distance in Direction Km Surface Water Sampling Locations SW Lower Bhavani Canal 10 ENE 3.13.1.1 Analysis of surface water sample The Analysis of Surface water in the study area for winter 2014 season is summarized and the same is shown graphically in Fig 3.12. The Surface water analysis is given as Annexure 17.

Fig 3.12: Graphical representation of Surface water Quality - Lower Bhavani Canal

3.13.2 Ground water body Five Bore well samples have been collected to study the water quality parameters. Water from project site, Bore well water at Talkkarapudur Village, at a distance of 3.5 km towards ENE Direction, Bore well at Elitingampatti Village, which is at a distance of 2.5 km towards S direction, Bore well at Kenialaiyam Village, at a distance of 5 km towards WNW direction and Bore well at Perundurai Village, at a distance of 5 km towards NE direction.

38 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

Table 3.4: Ground Water Sampling Locations with Distance

Code Name of Sampling Location Distance in Km Direction

Ground Water Sampling Locations

GW1 Water at project site -- --

GW2 Borewell water at Talkkarapudur Village 3.5 ENE

GW3 Borewell water at Elitingampatti Village 2.5 S

GW4 Borewell water at Kenialaiyam Village 5 WNW

GW5 Borewell water at Perundurai Village 5 NE

Fig 3.13: Baseline Water Monitoring Locations

3.13.2.1 Analysis of ground water sample The Analysis of Ground water in the study area for winter 2014 season is summarized in Table 3.5 The Ground water quality observed during the study period is well within the limits and the same is shown graphically in Fig.3.14. The Ground water analysis report is given as Annexure 18.

39 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

Table 3.5: Summary of Ground Water Quality

Unit: Mg/l

Name of the Locations TDS Iron CaCO3 Cl NO3

Water at project site 387 0.4 232 130 1.3 Borewell water at Talkkarapudur Village 395 0.2 270 160 1.5 Borewell water at Elitingampatti Village 400 0.1 268 161 1.2 Borewell water at Kenialaiyam Village 398 0.2 236 128 1.25 Borewell water at Perundurai Village 395 0.3 240 132 1.33

Parameter Standards TDS Iron CaCO3 Cl NO3

Desirable Limits 500 0.3 300 250 45

Permissible Limits 2000 1.0 600 1000 No Relaxation

Fig 3.14: Graphical representation of Baseline Ground water Quality

40 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

3.13.2.2 Observation/Interpretation of baseline water quality results. The results show that , the baseline water quality of all monitoring locations sampled in the core and buffer zones of the study area are well within the limits stipulated by the pollution control board, although utmost care will be taken to control and mitigate the water pollution and proper drainage will be provided to control mine drainage during monsoons.

3.14 SOIL ENVIRONMENT The objective of Soil monitoring is to determine the status and trends of soil quality in the region so as to compare their levels and determine trends after the implementation of the proposed expansion activity. The following guidelines and steps are under taken to monitor soil quality. • Divide the region into different ecological zones. • Select the ecological zone, farms with similar soil types. • Select a set of soil indicators like organic matter, topsoil-depth, infiltration, aggregation, pH, electric-cal conductivity, suspected soil pollutants and soil. • Transform the indicators into a soil quality. The soil is generally formed due to slow process of weathering of rocks. The normal mineral compositions of site are altered by alteration in soil condition. Existence of flora & fauna depends upon the quality of soil in the area. The soil characteristics like physical, chemical, erosion index, soil fertility has bearing on the surrounding environment. Therefore the quality of soil plays a major role in planning proper mitigative measures and green belt development by the project proponent and also for the construction of building for different purposes. Six locations were selected for analyzing the soil quality status both in core & buffer zone. The soil samples were collected from the buffer areas. The samples have been analyzed for physico-chemical parameters. The details of the Soil Sampling, locations with distance from the Core Zone are given in Table. 3.6, the Locations showing soil monitoring stations is given in Fig 3.15. A key plan showing the soil monitoring stations has been enclosed as Plate No. 8.

Table 3.6: Soil Sampling Locations

Code Name of Sampling Location Direction Distance in Km S1 Project Site — — S2 Vijayapuri Village ( Agri Soil) W 4.5 S3 Kuttampam Village ( Agri Soil) SE 2.5 S4 Perundurai (Agri Soil) NE 5 S5 Kallangulam Village ( Agri Soil) NW 3 S6 Vayppadi Village ( Forest Soil) SSW 8

41 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

3.14.1 Rationale behind Sampling The main aim of the soil characterisation is to assess the soil quality of the area in order to select proper species of plants and trees for green belt and Afforestation as an anti pollution measure. Keeping the above objective in view, 6 above sampling locations were selected so as to represent the entire study area.

3.14.2 Sampling Methods The soil samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm. At each location, soil samples were collected from three depths, viz. 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and 60-90 cm below the surface and mixed together. The mixed samples were analysed for their physico-chemical characteristics. From each location, samples were collected with a frequency of once per season during the study period.

Fig 3.15: Baseline Soil Monitoring Locations

3.14.3 Soil analysis results The physico-chemical properties of soils of both core and buffer areas were analysed for the different parameters according to the standard methods and procedures. For analysis of metals, atomic absorption spectroscope was used. The analysis report of the soil in study area is given in Table No. 3.7.

42 Table No.3.7: Soil Analysis Report

Results SL. No. Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 1 pH 6.7 7.2 6.4 6.5 7.3 6.4 2 Conductivity- 243 187 226 278 257 238 20%Suspension(^mhos/cm) 3 Potassium as K (mg/100gm) 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.9 4 Sodium as Na (mg/100gm) 54 45 66 70 50 48 5 Chlorides as Cl (ppm) 30 18 28 22 20 16 6 Nitrogen as N (Kg/Hec) 98.96 99.94 108.21 106.36 109.69 308.8 7 Phosphorous as P (Kg/Hec) 7.12 7.69 8.36 6.32 7.84 13.26 8 Organic Matter (%) 0.76 0.74 0.76 0.9 0.88 1.08 9 Calcium as Ca (ppm) 0.12 0.13 0.9 0.15 0.17 0.34 10 Magnesium as Mg (ppm) 0.24 0.36 0.27 0.20 0.17 0.22

Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy 11 Texture Loamy Loamy Loamy Loamy Loamy Loamy 12 Sand Content (%) 58 62 52 64 48 62 13 Silt Content (%) 15 14 10 12 10 12 14 Clay Content (%) 22 24 22 24 26 24 15 Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) 0.34 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.40 0.34

Soil Sampling Locations

S1 Project Site S2 Vijayapuri Village ( Agri Soil) S3 Kuttampam Village ( Agri Soil) S4 Perundurai (Agri Soil) S5 Kallangulam Village ( Agri Soil) S6 Vayppadi Village ( Forest Soil)

The conclusion on the soil quality of different locations is as follows:

• pH varies from 6.4 to 7.3

• The Nitrogen content varies from 98.6 to 308.8 Kg/ha

• The Phosphorous content is between 6.32 to 13.26 Kg/ha

• The Potassium concentration was 0.2 mg to 0.9 mg /100 gm

• The Sodium varies from 45 to 70 mg/100 gm

• The texture of the soil in the study area observed to be of sandy type. The soil quality analysis report is given as Annexure 19.

43 3.14.4 Observation/ Interpretation of baseline soil quality results. The results show that, the baseline soil quality of all monitoring locations sampled in the core and buffer zones of the study area are well within the limits stipulated by the pollution control board, although utmost care will be taken to control and mitigate the soil pollution from quarrying activity.

3.15 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general is unwanted/un-desired sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

• Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one, which is continuously varying in loudness • The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas, are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and • The location of the noise source, with respect to sensitive land use, which determines the loudness. The Locations showing Noise monitoring stations with distance within 10 KM radius of the study area is given in Fig 3.16. A Key plan showing the noise monitoring locations is enclosed has Plate No. 9.

3.15.1 Reconnaissance survey and identification of noise sampling locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. Noise at different noise generating sources based on the plant activities, traffic, etc have been identified. Noise monitoring has been conducted at all the identified locations in the study area during the study period.

3.15.2 Sources of Noise The main sources of noise generation during operation of the Plant are DG sets, Fire Water pumps & Compressors. The Central Pollution Control Board has stipulated specific standard for ambient noise level in industrial, commercial, residential and silence zones for both day and night time. These are given below in Table 3.8

44 Table 3.8: Ambient Noise Standards

Noise Level [Leq in dB (A)] Sl.No. Location Day Night

1. Industrial Area 75 70

2. Commercial Area 65 55

3. Residential Area 55 45

4. Silence Zone 50 40

In addition to this, there are another set of exposure limits laid down by Occupational Safety and Health Administration in USA and IS: 3483. These are given in below in Table 3.9

Table 3.9: Exposure Limit for Different Noise Levels

Maximum Duration Sound Level dB(A)

(hrs./day) OSHA IS : 3483 8 90 85 6 92 - 4 95 88 2 100 91

(OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA)

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

• Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). • It is well known that a steady noise is not as annoying as one that is continuously varying in loudness. • The time of day at which noise occurs, for example, loud noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance. • The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, determines the loudness and period of noise exposure. The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise level. Taking into consideration the various factors carried out, the Environmental Impacts of noise from the quarrying activities can be classified as:

45 • Potential damage to hearing • Potential physiological responses • Annoyance • General community responses

The quarrying operation, drilling, blasting, compressors operation of HEMMs and DG Sets, etc., these operations are likely to create higher noise levels. Noise is also produced on the roads in the buffer-zone.

Fig 3.16: Baseline Noise Monitoring Locations

3.15.3 Assessment of Noise levels The main objective of noise level assessment is to identify all the sources, acceptable and unacceptable in the study region. Acoustical environment varies dynamically in magnitude and character throughout most communities. The variation is also significant depending on the type of source and the capacity of the source to produce noise. The noise level variation can be temporal, spectral and spatial. The assessment of noise pollution in the study area has been carried out keeping the above stated considerations. The existing status of noise levels within the study zone has been undertaken through reconnaissance survey, identification of existing noise sources, land use pattern for monitoring of baseline noise levels. The noise levels were monitored using an electronic sound level meter for

46 winter season at different sites. The noise levels measured at 5 locations in the months of January, February and March 2014 and the results obtained are given below in Table 3.10, 3.11 & 3.12 and the graphical representation of the same are given in Fig. 3.17, 3.18 & 3.19. The analysis report of noise samples for the months of January, February and March 2014 collected from five locations in core and buffers zones of the study area are enclosed as Annexure No. 20 and Annexure No. 21.

Table 3.10: Measured Noise Values in the month of January 2014

Villages / Parameters Day Time Night Time Unit: dB (A) Min Max Min Max Project Site 51.2 65.4 42.4 58.9 Vijayapuri Village 40.8 52.6 38.6 48.6 Kuttampam Village 43.6 55.1 40.5 54.8 Panikkampalyam Village 39.3 51.6 39.3 52.7 Kallangulam Village 39.2 48.7 37.6 55.1

Table 3.11: Measured Noise Values in the month of February 2014

Villages / Parameters Day Time Night Time Unit: dB (A) Min Max Min Max Project Site 50.5 66.1 43.7 59.6 Vijayapuri Village 39.4 53.2 40.2 49.5 Kuttampam Village 41.6 51.7 39.4 52.4 Panikkampalyam Village 42.8 49.8 41.7 48.5 Kallangulam Village 38.7 48.7 38.2 50.3

47 Fig 3.17: Graphical representation of Noise Measurement - January 2014

Fig 3.18: Graphical representation of Noise Measurement - February 2014

48 Table 3.12: Measured Noise Values in the month of March 2014

Villages / Parameters Day Time Night Time Unit: dB (A) Min Max Min Max Project Site 52.8 64.2 45.7 57.5 Vijayapuri Village 41.6 55 39.6 49.2 Kuttampam Village 40.5 53.8 42.5 51.8 Panikkampalyam Village 45.6 60.4 38.2 50.9 Kallangulam Village 39.1 45.3 43.1 52.4

Fig 3.19: Graphical representation of Noise Measurement - March 2014 3.15.4. Observation/Interpretation of baseline noise quality results The results show that, the baseline noise quality of all monitoring locations sampled in the core and buffer zones of the study area are well within the limits stipulated by the pollution control board, although utmost care will be taken to control and mitigate the noise generation from the plant operations.

3.16 Biological environment Natural ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of nature. Its components exist in harmony and survive by inter-dependence. Ecosystems have self sustaining ability and control the number of

49 organisms at any level by cybernetic rules. The effects are such that an ecosystem does not become imbalanced. The middle of the 18th century saw birth of industrialization, which increased during 19th & 20th century and exploded in 21st century. The resources produced over and sustained for thousands of years were exploited and squandered for the luxuries of few humans. An unsustainable exploitation of resources has exploded pollution, so was the inevitable result. Thus, a chain of events of exploitation consumption- pollution-depletion and further exploitation started responding the imbalance and determination of ecological system.

Objectives Following are the objectives of the study:

• To generate baseline data from field observations;

• To compare the data so generated with authentic past records to understand changes;

• To characterize the environmental components like land, water, flora and fauna;

• To understand the present biodiversity;

• To identify susceptible sensitive and critical areas (environmental hotspots);

• To understand impact of industrial activities on the flora and fauna;

• To predict changes as a result of impact in the composition and functioning of components of the ecosystem.

3.16.1 Approach and methodology 3.16.1.1 Approach A participatory and consultative approach was followed for executing the assignment on Biodiversity assessment of the project site and adjacent region in consultation with, front line officials of the Forest Department and local villagers on existing biodiversity of the region and the forest management aspects. Literature survey included review of forest working plan and other published records related to biodiversity and ecology of the region.

3.16.1.2 Methodology Forest types were closely observed and recorded on the ground and then were cross checked with regional territorial forest Working plan and Champion & Seth Forest classification of India. We have gone around the core area and a one kilometre of buffer zone around the existing bottling plant and recorded the flora and fauna. We went around all the direction of the project site and recorded the biodiversity falling in stream area, agricultural bunds, reserve forest area, avenue plantations, house backyards etc. In each of the land use, we have identified the species and recorded their life farm. Besides recording the plant species, other biodiversity aspects in the form of endemic status, conservation status and life form have been collected from the literature.

50 Baseline Status Flora: Table - 3.13:The list of Flora species identified in study area

SL.NO. SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY

BIG TREES 1 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae 2 Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae 3 Ailanthus malabarica DC. Simaroubaceae 4 Albizia lebbeck Benth Fabaceae 5 Abutilon indicum G. Don. Malvaceae 6 Acacia torta Craib. Mimosaceae 7 Acalypha frutiosa forsskal. Euphorbiaceae 8 Acalypha paniculata Miq. Euphorbiaceae 9 Adhatoda Zeylanica Medicus. Acanthaceae 10 Alangium salvifolium L. Alangiaceae 11 Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae 12 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 13 Bauhinia retusa ham Fabaceae 14 Bidens pilosa L Asteraeceae 15 Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Roth. Acanthaceae 16 Cocos nucifera Arecaceae 17 Cassia alata L. Caesalpiniaceae 18 Coffea arabica L. Rubiaceae 19 Cassia hirsuta L. Caesalpiniaceae 20 Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Apiaceae 21 Cipadessa baccifera Miq Meliaceae 22 Cryptoelepis buchananii Roem & Schul Asclepiadaceae 23 Delonix regia Fabaceae 24 Delbergia paniculata Fabaceae 25 Dalbergia latifolia Papilionaceae 26 Eucalyptus Globus Myrtraceae 27 Eclipta prostrate L. Asteraceae 28 Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton. Zingiberaceae 29 Euphorbia antiquorum L. Euphorbiaceae 30 Euphorbia heterophylla L Euphorbiaceae 31 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae 32 Eucalyptus tereticornis Myrtaceae 33 Excoecaria crenulata L. Euphorbiaceae

51 Sl.No. Scientific name Family 34 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 35 Leucas aspera Spr Lamiaceae 36 Polyalthia longifolia Fabaceae 37 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae 38 Tabebuia aurea Bignoniaceae 39 Tridax procumbens L Asteraceae 40 Tectona grandis Verbanaceae 41 Zizyphus jujuba Mill Rhamnaceae SMALL TREES 42 Holigrama armottiana Caesalpiniaceae 43 Terminalia paniculata Caombretaceae 44 Bombusa arundinaceae Poaceae 45 Clerodendrum viscosum Verbenceae 46 Cycas circinalis Cycadaceae HERBACEOUS CLIMBERS 47 Bauhinia phonicia Caesalpiniaceae 48 Acacia pinnata Mimosaceae 49 Mucuna pruiens Papilionaceae 50 Zyzyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae SHRUBS 51 Mussaenda laxa Rubiaceae 52 Strobilanthes spp. Acanthaceae 53 Calamus spp. Palmaceae 54 Ochlandra scriptoria Poaceae 55 Thottea siliquosa Aristolochiacea 56 Abutilon persicum Malvaceae 57 Caesakoubua nunisiudes Caesakoubuaceae 58 Lantana camera Verbenaceae HERBS 59 Casia tora Caesalpiniaceae 60 Curcuma aromatic Zingiberaceaceae 61 Elephantopus scaber Asteraceae Table 3.14: List of Fauna species observed/reported in the study area

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SL.NO. MAMMALS Common Indian Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii Indian porcupine Hystrix inidica Cat Felis chaus House Mouse Mus musculus Goat Capra Spp. Cow Bos indicus

52 AVI FAUNA Pea cock Pavo cristatus Spotted owlet Althene brama brama Ceylon magpie robin Copsychus saularus ceylonensis Red whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Indian myna Acridotheres rtistis tristis Common kingfisher Alcedo etthis taprobana REPTILES Rat snake Ptyas mucosa Common Krait Bungarus coeruleus Garden lizard Calotesversicolor

Conclusion From the descriptions mentioned above, it may be concluded that the vegetations grown around the Bottling Plant contains common form of woody and herbaceous flora species. 3.17 Land Environment The baseline status of the land environment has been established with respect to the soil quality and land use pattern of the study area. The main objective of the study is to assess the impact of proposed Mounded Bullets storage of LPG on the existing land use pattern. Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play an important role in identifying sensitive issues and to take appropriate action to maintain “Ecological Homeostasis” in the region. The main objective of this section is to provide a baseline status of the study area covering 10 km radius around the project site, so that temporal changes due to the industries activities on the surroundings can be assessed in future. 3.17.1 Objectives The objectives of the land use studies are:

• To determine the present land use pattern • To determine the temporal changes in land use pattern due to construction and operation phase, • To analyze the impacts on land use due to quarrying activities in the study area, • To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern viz-a-viz growth of industrial activities in the study area and their associated impacts

3.17.2 Methodology The land use of the study area is studied by analyzing the available secondary data as the latest village wise census of 2011. Besides these records, the agricultural census and district statistical handbooks of respective Villages and. The bottling plant extends over an area of 60.95 acres as on date, the break up details of Land use area of the project site for the existing and proposed project is given in the Table 3.15. The land use and land cover map of study area has been provided as Fig 3.20.

53 Fig 3.20: Land use/ Land cover Map of the Study Area.

54 Table 3.15: Break up of Land use details for existing and proposed expansion project

Sl.No. Existing facility Area (Sqm) 1 LPG pump/ compressor house 236 2 Tld shed (8bays) 82.5 3 Loading/ unloading shed 376.32 4 Filling/ empty storage shed 1630.73 5 Filled storage shed 564.48 6 Cold repair shed 282.24 7 Stores 300 8 Electrical sub-station 350 9 Administration 350 10 Worker’s amenity block/ canteen 500 11 Fire water pump house 450 Total 5864.77 ( 1.44 Acres)

Proposed facility Area (Sqm) Sl.No. 1 Loading/ unloading shed 350 2 Filling/ empty storage shed 728.80 3 Filled storage shed 57.9 4 Mounded storage 1800 5 TLD shed 77.5 Total 3013.4 (0.74 Acres)

Total Built up Area is 8954.4 aprox.2.21 Acre (Existing+Propsed)

3.17.3 Land Use Pattern of proposed Site The proposed Mounded Bullets shall be installed within the existing LPG Bottling Plant and hence, there will be practically no change in existing land use pattern of the area. The Land Use/Land Cover amp of the study area is enclosed as Plate No. 1

3.17.4 Land Use Pattern (10 Km) as per Satellite Imagery The land-use/land-cover map of the study area is usually generated through the digital image processing. The data with respect to land use / land cover of the study area has been presented in Table - 3.16

3.17.5 Land Use / Land cover classification The land use / land cover classification standardized by the Department of Space, for mapping different agro-climatic zones has been presented in. The present classification system has following four major classes:

• Built-Up Land: This comprises land covered by structures. • Agricultural Land: This comprises areas primarily used for raising agricultural crops, vegetables and plant material of medicinal and commercial values.

55 • Forest: Forest is defined as all land bearing vegetative association dominated by trees of any size, exploited or not, capable of producing wood or other forest products and exerting an influence on climatic or water regimes, or providing shelter for wildlife and live stock. • Wasteland: Land having potential for development of vegetation cover but not being used due to constraints which include salt affected land, eroded land and water logged area. • Water bodies: This comprises area persistently covered by water such as rivers/ streams/ reservoirs/ tanks, lakes/ ponds and canals. • Others: This class includes shifting cultivation, grass land / grazing land and snow covered / glacial land.

Table: 3.16: Area Statistics of Land use / Land cover around 10 km radius of IOCL bottling Plant at Erode

Sl No LULC Class Area Sq.Km Area Sq.Ha 1 Urban Built up 12.39 1239 2 Rural Built up 13.8 1308 3 Crop Land 53.59 5359 4 Plantation Crop 59.92 5992 5 Fallow land 115.42 11542 6 Deciduous Forest 2.25 225 7 Scrub Forest 5.23 523 8 Barren rocky/Scrub Land 3.53 353 9 Grassland /Grazing land/Plantation 63 6300 10 Mining/Quarrying 0.9 90 11 Water Bodies 2.5 250 Total 332.53 33181

The land use/ land cover classification as per satellite imagery indicates that the total area covered by crop land is about 53.59 Sq Km which is about 16% of total 10 km area, total built-up area (Urban and Rural) is about 26.19 Sq Km equivalent to about 8% of total area, forest area is about 7.48 Sq Km equivalent to 3% of total area and the area covered by water bodies is about 2.5 Sq Km which is equivalent to about 1% of total area, from the above statistics it can inferred that, the majority of land is fallow/un cropped barren land.

3.18 DIGITAL ELEVATION MAP The detailed digital elevation map has also been provided which explains the contours and terrains of the study area. The Highest elevation point of the study area is found to be between 300 - 320 meters above mean sea level and the lowest point being - 250 to 210 meters below mean sea level. The digital elevation map has shown as Fig 3.20, the same has been enclosed as Plate No. 11

56 Fig 3.21: Digital Elevation Map of the Study Area 3.20 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Erode is the administrative headquarters of Erode District in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the banks of River Kaveri, and has been ruled, at different times, by the Early Pandyas, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Empire, Madurai, Hyder Ali, Carnatic kingdom, and the British. It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about 400 kilometers (249 mi) southwest of the state capital Chennai and about 80 kilometers (50 mi) east of Coimbatore. Hand loom, power loom textile products and readymade garments industries contribute to the economy of the city. The people in the city are employed in various textile, oil and turmeric manufacturing industries. Being the district headquarters, Erode accommodates the district administration offices, government educational institutes, colleges and schools. Erode is a part of Erode constituency (Erode East and Erode West) and elects its member of legislative assembly every five years, and a part of the Erode constituency that elects its member of parliament. The city is administered by a municipal corporation established in 2009 as per the Municipal Corporation Act. Roadways are the major mode of transport to the city, while it has also got rail connectivity. The nearest airport is Coimbatore International Airport, located at a distance of 90 km from the city.

57 3.19.1 Origin of Erode District Modern historians contend that Erode has its origin in the Tamil phrase Eru Odai meaning two streams. The claim is based on the presence of two water courses, Perumpallam in Surampatti and Kalingarayan Canal in Brahmana Periya Agraharam and Kasipalayam. As per another local belief, the name is derived from the words "Eera Odu” which means wet skull. Dakshaprajapathi, who married his daughter to Hindu god Shiva, conducted a yajna. For the ritual, Shiva was not invited. However, Dakshyayini, the wife of Shiva, attended the ritual, much against the wish of her husband. During the function, Dakshyayini was not welcomed by her parents or other attendees. She was vexed and threw herself in the fire pot and burned to ashes. On hearing this, Shiva got highly enraged, proceeded to the sacrificial pot and threw everyone present including Brahma, the Hindu god of creation. The skulls and bones were thrown in river Cauvery and remained as a wet skull. The socio economic study of the region is an important integral part of environmental study, as the human being are directly connected with the wellbeing and systematic functioning of the environment. The existing as well as upcoming projects will have some impact (adverse or beneficial) on the environment. The existing project may alter the socio economic status of the society in dual ways - positive and negative as well. Hence, it is important to conduct socio-economic studies and assess the existing status and also the impacts envisaged by upcoming project on the socioeconomic conditions of the study area (Perundurai Village Panchayat Jurisdiction).

3.19.2 Demographic profile of Study area. A primary data collection by doing sample survey of the villages under buffer zone was conducted. The first hand information regarding number of population, occupation, literacy level etc., were obtained from the latest census data 2011. There are no inhabited villages within the project area. Hence, this Socio-economic study was conducted in the buffer-zone only. The socio economic condition is summarized below in Table 3.17. The detailed list with villages surveyed in the 10 Km buffer zone of study area is enclosed as Annexure No. 22

Table 3.17: Socio Economic Condition of the villages

Total Total Literate Total illiterate Working Non working Population Population Population Population population

818711 548482 270229 444919 373792

Source: Census of India 2011

3.19.2.1 Population Details The population break-up of all the villages coming within the buffer-zone, as per 2011 census data is given in Table 3.18 and graphically shown in Fig 3.22. The ST Male and Female population is negligible and less one percent compared to total population of the village.

58 Table 3.18: Population Details

Total No of Population S.C S.T Population House Holds Total M F M F M F

2011

Census 242763 818711 412975 405736 65880 65962 1438 1454

Source: Census of India 2011

Fig 3.22: Population Break-up details in Buffer Zone

3.19.2.2 Literacy Levels The distribution of male and female literates and illiterates with-in the buffer zone is given in Table 3.19 and the same is graphically shown in Fig-3.23

Table 3.19: Details of Literacy Level

Population Male Female Population Male Female Lit. Lit. Lit. Illiterate Illiterate Illiterate

548482 309639 238843 270229 103336 166893

Source: Census of India 2011

59 Fig. 3.23: Literacy level of Villages in Buffer Zone The literacy level in the villages of buffer-zone is 73%. The literacy level among females is lower than males as per 2011 Census data.

3.19.2.3 Occupational Structure The strength in each of the category is given in Table 3.20 and graphically shown in Fig-3.24

Table 3.20: Occupational Structure

Total Main Main Main Total Worker Total Worker Worker Worker Worker Worker Population Female Male Population Male Female

444919 267218 177701 423418 258034 165384

Marginal Marginal Marginal Non Non Non Worker Worker Worker Worker Worker Worker Population Male Female Population Male Female

21501 9184 12317 373792 145757 228035

Source: Census of India 2011

60 Fig. 3.24: Occupational Structure in Study Area

3.19.2.4 Social Infrastructure Facilities Perundurai is one of the major and fastest growing area in Erode due to the presence of SIPCOT, the floating population of Perundurai has increased due to the relocating of textile industries from Erode, Salem and Coimbatore. The area has got good access roads and all social infrastructure facilities such as schools, colleges, hospitals, etc, are available due to its close proximity to Erode city which is 20 Kms from the project site.

61 CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION One of the important elements of Environmental study is the identification of impacts, as it helps in quantification and evaluation of impacts. It is necessary to identify the critical impacts positive/negative on various components of the environment that are likely due to installation of proposed plant. The prediction of the impacts helps to identify the gaps and implement Environmental Management Plan during and after the execution of the developmental activity to minimize the deterioration of environmental quality. Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are attributed directly to project activities whereas secondary impacts are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed patterns of social and economic activities due to the proposed project activities. In the present study, the most probable impact on various components of the surrounding environment viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic, due to the proposed development has been predicted. The construction and operational phase of the proposed Mounded Bullets comprises various activities, each of which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes. The proposed project activities would impart impact on the environment in two distinct phases:

A. During construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short term and reversible effect; and

B. During operational phase which may have long term effects. The evaluation of environmental impacts due to installation of Mounded Bullets considering the baseline status within a radius of 10 Km around the LPG bottling plant and the mitigation measures are as under:

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS

The likely impacts due to proposed activities are described for the following environmental components

Sl. No. Components 1 Topography 2 Regional Climate 3 Air Environment 4 Noise Environment

62 5 Water Environment 6 Solid Waste Generation 7 Terrestrial Ecology

4.2.1 Impact on Topography

4.2.1.1 Construction Phase

The installation activities include excavation of soil from the proposed site. The excavated loose soil will be utilized for leveling of low lying areas inside the plant. Thus, the impact on topography during construction phase is insignificant.

4.2.1.2 Operation Phase

As the bullets will be mounded with earth/sand and the operation will be confined in closed, leak proof system, no impact is envisaged on the topography during operation phase.

4.2.2 Impact on Regional Climate

As the proposal relates to installation of Mounded Bullets only, no impact on the present climatic condition is envisaged during construction or operation phase. The proposed site is almost plain and devoid of vegetation. Hence, it would not alter the present climatic condition and no impact is foreseen on the present climatic condition.

4.2.3 Impact on Air Environment

The impact on ambient air quality is assessed considering the baseline air quality. The ambient air quality parameters monitored around the Erode LPG bottling plant are observed to be well within the NAAQS applicable for Industrial/Residential/Rural Areas.

4.2.3.1 Construction Phase

The insignificant emission during construction period will include fugitive dust due to excavation of soil, movement of heavy construction equipments/ vehicles, site clearing and other activities. This type of fugitive dust is expected to result in change in the baseline air quality specifically during the construction phase. However, the construction activities will be for temporary period and hence, its impact on the existing ambient air quality as well as vegetation will be reversible. Dust emissions are likely to be confined within the limited area. 4.2.3.2 Operation Phase

No emission is envisaged during the storage & handling of LPG in the Mounded Bullets. There would be no fugitive emission during unloading of bulk LPG in Mounded Bullets and hence, no impact is envisaged. The air environment may have a little negative impact due to increase in bottling capacity which will increase the truck movement for receipt and dispatch of LPG. However, the use of advance grade of fuel (Euro-III & Euro- IV) in the latest generation of vehicle will buffer the existing pollution load

63 4.2.4. Impact on Noise Environment 4.2.4.1 Construction Phase

The noise generation during construction phase may have insignificant impact on the existing ambient noise levels. The major works associated with installation/ construction activities would be carried out during day time. The construction equipment may result in high noise levels, which may affect the personnel in the work zone. However, use of personal protective equipments such as earplugs, ear muffs will mitigate any adverse impact of the noise on working personnel. The noise likely to be generated during excavation of earth, loading/unloading and transportation of construction materials etc. will be in the range of about 80 to 90 dB (A) and this will occur only when all the equipments operate simultaneously. There is remote possibility of such occurrence. The workers engaged in construction activities, in general, are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 7075 dB (A). Therefore, use of protective equipments in the form of ear muffs/ earplugs in high noise level areas shall mitigate any adverse impact. 4.2.4.2. Operation Phase

The existing average ambient noise level at the boundary walls of the bottling plant, as monitored during baseline data generation are in the range of 42.5 to 51.9 dB(A). As the proposed Mounded Bullets shall be operated in closed circuit, it is envisaged that noise environment would remain unaffected during operation of the proposed facilities. 4.2.5 Impact on Water Environment

The existing water quality around bottling plant has been assessed by conducting water quality monitoring from January 2014 to March 2014. One nos. of surface water samples and five nos. of ground water samples were collected to assess the water quality and presented in Chapter-3. The physico-chemical characteristics of ground as well as surface water quality were found well within acceptable limits as specified in Drinking Water Standard IS: 10500. 4.2.5.1. Water Requirement

The raw and potable water requirement of the bottling plant is being supplied by SIPCOT. Water is required mainly for fire fighting, service water, washing and potable purposes. The average water consumption of bottling plant is about 2.5 KLD. BASIS FOR CALCULATION OF POTABLE WATER REQUIREMENT Drinking: 5 Litres/Person Flushing: 10 Litres/Person Washing: 15 Litres/Person Waste: 10 Litres/Person

Total: 40 Litres/day/person

64 About 60 persons are working during operation of the bottling plant including security, truck crews, and IOCL Colony & contract workers. Total Domestic Consumption for 60 persons = 60 x 40L = 2400 L = 2.5 KLD Table 4.1: Water Consumption details

Quantity ( KLD) Sl. No. Particulars Existing Facility Proposed Fac ility 1 Domestic (Drinking, Sanitary etc.) 2.5 3.0 2 Washing/Water Bath/Miscl. plant operations 0.5 1 3 Gardening 0.5 0.5 TOTAL 3.5 4.5

The project proposal is limited to installation of three nos. of Mounded Bullets (3 X 600) MT for augmentation of storage and bottling facilities to meet the increasing requirement. Hence, the water consumption due to installation of Mounded Bullets shall increase marginally from 3.5 to 4.5 KLD. The water requirement for Mock drills is around 210 KL which will be conducted in house every month. Table 4.2: Waste Water Generation Quantity

Quantity ( KLD) Sl No. Particulars Existing Proposed 1 Domestic Waste Water 2.0 2.5 The quantity of waste water generation under normal operation of the plant shall increase marginally. The sanitary waste water (2.0 KLD) is being disposed through CPCB approved soak pits and septic tanks

4.2.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT 4.2.6.1. Impact on Soil

The bullets will be mounded with earth/sand and hence there will not be any adverse impact on the land environment. The construction activities would attract a sizeable number of construction workers deployed for establishment of bullets. Efforts would be made to engage construction workers from local adjoining areas to mitigate this impact. As discussed earlier there is no discharge of treated liquid effluent generated from the proposed bottling plant. Also effluent after treatment does not contain any harmful pollutants to deteriorate soil characteristics on percolation. During construction phase top soil management will be locally available construction material like sand aggregate will be used.

65 4.2.6.2. Impact on Solid Waste

Generation of solid waste in the form of excavated earth and dismantling of the existing buildings is envisaged during the construction period. There will be temporary piling of excavated earth and shall be utilized for leveling of the low lying area in the bottling plant. The existing solid waste at the site will be sold to registered scrap dealers prior to the construction operation. During construction of Mounded Bullets, some solid materials are expected to be generated. The gas cylinders used for welding shall be returned back to the supplier. Cement bags, plastic buckets, coal tar drums, damaged tools and other containers are used during construction are discarded as solid wastes and shall be disposed through registered vender’s as per standard practice. 4.2.6.3. Hazardous Waste

The hazardous materials used during the construction may include diesel, welding gas and paints, etc. These will be disposed carefully through TNPCB authorized recyclers. The hazardous material such as, lubricating oils, compressed gases (for welding), spent oil from DG Set, etc are expected, which will be stored separately and will be disposed as per the statutory guidelines. No solid waste is envisaged to be generated during the operation phase. 4.2.7. Biological Environment

The initial construction work at the project site involves land clearance, back filling and levelling it does not involve any cutting/ felling of shrubs. The site for installation of Mounded Bullets and proposed for expansion is almost barren and devoid of vegetation. The construction activity does not involve removal of shrubs and scrubs. 4.2.7.1. Impact on Natural Resource Soil or Agricultural Land

In the post operational stage, no impact on the soils at site is envisaged. 4.2.7.2. Impact on Terrestrial Ecology (Flora and Fauna)

The site for installation of Mounded Bullets and proposed for expansion is almost barren and devoid of vegetation. A common apprehension of setting-up a project or an industrial facility at any place is the adverse impact on the wild life and the ecologically sensitive areas. Pertaining to the aforesaid project, extensive observations made so far have not revealed the existence of any endangered flora and fauna in the immediate surroundings of the project site and in a study area of 10 km radius. The probability and consequences on ecological impacts occurring as a result of the operation of the Mounded Bullets facility are considered to be almost negligible. The risk of any leakage is almost negligible owing to stringent leak prevention technologies. 4.2.7.3. Impact on Forest & Wild Life

There would not be any impact on the Forest and Wild life, as there is no wild life sanctuary within 10 KM from the project site.

66 4.2.8 Impact on Aquatic Ecology

No impact is envisaged on aquatic ecology from the operation of facilities in operational phase or construction phase. 4.2.9 Socio-economic Environment

The development due to proposed project will have marginal impacts on local socioeconomic condition of the people residing in the area. The construction of Mounded Bullets would provide temporary employment, which may consist of locals too. This would improve the socio-economic condition of the local population. The operation of the proposed project would result in positive impacts such as industrial and economic development and generation of employment opportunity. Indane Bottling Plant is existing at Perundurai SIPCOT Industrial Complex off the National Highway Salem - Palakkad (Off N.H.47). The Plant is 5 Kms away from Perundurai. In view of the traffic on the road, density as well as the preventive measures (approach road and lorry parking area), the installation of proposed plant shall not impart any significant impact on the traffic network of the area. 4.2.9.1. Economic Features

The overall economic impact due to the project is favorable as new expansion bottling plant will be providing utilities and services to the workers and staff members shall also developed. This shall increase the overall income due to indirect business generated and also exchequers due to the project establishment.

Summary of the mitigation measures during construction and operation phases of proposed expansion plant are tabulated as Table-4.3

67 Table 4.3: Summary of Mitigation Measures

Sl. Environmental Anticipated Source of Mitigation Impact NO. Component Impact Impact Measures Construction Phase Impacts are temporary during construction Dust Phase. emissions Minor impact Impacts from Periodic at will be excavation, maintenance of construction confined to air emissions construction Ambient Air site short 1. from Equipment. Quality Premises. No distances, as machinery Use of Personal negative coarse and other Protective impact particles will construction Equipment Outside site. be activities at settled Site. within the short distance from activities. Minor impact Use of well Temporary near noise Noise maintained Impacts generation generated Equipments. during sources inside form Use of ear construction Premises. construction Noise muffs/ear Phase. 2. No significant activities and Environment plugs by No other Impact on operation of construction high ambient noise construction worker noise levels in the equipment in high activities surrounding and DG set. noise areas. Envisaged. Area. Construction Phase

Domestic waste No effluent No will be treated in will be significant Domestic septic tank and 3. Water Quality discharged negative waste. shall be outside the Impact. discharged premises through soak pit Re-utilization and recycling Excavation, of No construction Construction Land significant debris, debris. Waste 4. Environment negative waste will be Impact from labor collected and camps. disposed as per local municipal Facilities.

68 Due to plantation Tree during No plantation will development significant be started 5. Biological and Negative during construction impacts development phase Phase. positive impact Overall Increased 6. Socio-economic positive Job Opportunity for -- -- impact locals. Minor Adequate negative truck and parking space 7. Traffic Pattern impact due to tankers for trucks and -- traffic at movement tankers will be construction provided in the it it Operational Phase Proper maintenance of Particulate and internal roads, gaseous emissions Green Belt Minor from vehicle Ambient Air Development 1. negative movement Quality on periphery impact Particulate and and open areas. gaseous emissions Adequate stack from DG sets height will be maintained. Appropriate Minor trees, which impact will act as 2. Noise Environment Noise from vehicle. -- inside noises barriers, premises will be planted in green belt area. Domestic waste will be treated in No adverse Domestic septic tank and 3. Water Quality -- impact Waste shall be discharged through soak pit

Landscaping will help in Green belt area reducing Positive 4. Biological will be adverse Impact provided. impacts on air and noise Quality.

69 Increased job Overall Positive and opportunity in plant 5. Socio-economic positive -- long term maintenance and impact Impact. ancillary services.

Traffic management practices will be employed when traffic is truck and merging on 6. Traffic Pattern Less impact tankers main road from -- movement plant. Adequate parking space will be provided in the bottling plant.

4.2.9.3 Conclusion

In view of the above facts and figures, it may be concluded that the Expansion of LPG Bottling Plant at Erode, Tamilnadu shall not impart any adverse impacts on physical features, water, noise and air environment. The proposed project shall generate additional direct/indirect employment and indirect service sector enhancement in the region and would help in the socio-economic up-liftment of the state as well as the local area.

70 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY The project proposal relates to installation of 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets of 600 MT capacity each, 8 TLD bays, 1x24 Carousals and other online facilities for storage of LPG. IOCL has mastered the art and technology of installation of Mounded Bullets. The LPG department of Marketing Division of IOCL has earned a good credential for installation of Mounded Bullets. The above expertises of IOCL are well proven and working efficiently at different locations of the country. IOCL is having excellent track record and progressive outlook in regularly updating its technology. The technology adopted by IOCL for installation of Mounded Bullets for storage of LPG is a fail-safe.

5.2 ALTERNATIVE SITE Since, the proposed mounded bullets shall be installed in the vacant space available within the existing plant. Hence, alternate site selection is not relevant.

71 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 INTRODUCTION The Environmental monitoring is the primary tool for assessing the prevailing quality of air, water, noise, land etc. it helps in suggesting and taking mid course corrections, if found negatively impacted. Monitoring of various environmental parameters for Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise Levels, Soil quality testing will be carried out on a regular basis in and around the bottling plant and buffer villages to ascertain the following:

• Pollution caused due to operations within the LPG plant. • Change in environmental quality within and outside the plant • Evaluate the efficiency of pollution control systems installed. • To assess environmental impacts

This monitoring shall be periodic and comply with the guidelines of statutory authorities. Necessary funds will be allocated by the project proponent for the same, as environmental protection has been identified, as an integral part of Expansion of Bottling Plant. Frequent advice sought from appropriate authorities, will go long way in improving the environment. The frequency of monitoring of various environmental components and frequency to be monitored is given in Table 6.1.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING The environmental attributes and its frequency of monitoring are given in the Table - 6.1.

Table 6.1: Environmental Attributes

Attribute Parameters Frequency of monitoring

Ambient Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx , HC, 24 hourly samples twice a week 8 (Buffer Zone) VOC hourly for SO2 & NOx.

Ambient Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx , HC, 8 hourly samples twice a week for (Core Zone) VOC entire season

Physical, Chemicals and Biological Water Quality As per the Guidelines/ Norms. parameters.

6.3 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION The meteorological observations will be carried-out through-out the study period, by recording the following parameters.

• Maximum and minimum temperature • Relative humidity

72 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

• Wind velocity and direction • Rainfall

6.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

The ambient air quality shall be monitored for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx at Seven locations and frequency of monitoring shall be as per Terms of Reference (TOR) Guidelines and the results shall be compared with the CPCB norms. The following locations/ stations will be for monitored.

Code Locations A1 Project Site A2 Vijayapuri Village A3 Kuttampam Village A4 Panikkampalyam Village A5 Kallangulam Village A6 Perundurai Village A7 Vayppadi Village

6.5 INSTRUMENTS USED FOR SAMPLING The Combined dust samplers APM-451 will be used for monitoring the ambient air pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, gaseous pollutants etc.

6.6 METHOD OF TESTING

Table 6.2: Method of Testing PM10/PM2.5

Name of Pollutant PM10/PM2.5 Medium Air Instrument Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) Duration Every 8/24 hours Mode Continuous Unit pg/m3 Method Gravimetric

Table 6.3: Method of Testing SO2

Name of Pollutants Sulphur Dioxide Method Modified West & Geake Method Frequency 8/4 hours Mode Continuous Unit pg/m3 Procedure As per IS 5182 (Part II)

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Table 6.4: Method of Testing NOX

Name of Pollutants Oxides of Nitrogen Modified Jacob & Hochheiser Modified (N Method pg/m3a-Arsenite) Method Frequency 8/4 hours Mode Continuous Unit Mg/m3 Procedure As per IS 5182 (Part IV),1975

6.7 WATER QUALITY Five Ground water samples are collected. The monitoring locations are given below; GW1 Water at Project Site GW2 Bore wellwater at Talakkaraipudur Village GW3 Bore wellwater at Elitingampatti Village GW4 Bore wellwater at Kennipalaiyam Village GW5 Bore wellwater at Perundurai Village SW Surface water collected at Lower Bhavani canal The water quality will be monitored for all the physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the standards / norms. The sampling and analysis methods will be followed as per BIS standards. The water quality will be monitored for all the samples collected from the above mentioned sources.

6.8 NOISE LEVEL The ambient noise levels will be monitored at the following locations and results will be compared with CPCB standards. N 1 Project Site N 2 Vijayapuri Village N 3 Kuttampm Village N 4 Panikkampalyam Village N 5 Kallangulam Village

6.9 SOIL SAMPLES The quality of the soil shall be monitored once in study period. The locations of the stations are, as follows.

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51 Project Site (Agricultural Soil) 52 Vijayapuri Village (Agricultural Soil) 53 Kuttampm Village (Agricultural Soil) 54 Perundurai Village (Agricultural Soil)

55 Kallangulam Village (Agricultural Soil) 56 Vayppadi Village (Forest Soil)

6.10 LPG LEAK DETECTION MECHANISM The leakage of LPG is monitored through gas monitoring sensors (GMS) that are installed at strategic points inside the plant premises. At present there are 30 Nos GMS sensors installed which is connected to a PC in the control room for monitoring the leak levels. The sensors will give initial alarm at 20% LEL and continuous alarm at 60% LEL so that the leakage can be controlled before the concentration of LPG reaches its lower explosive limit. The records are analyzed on daily basis by the concerned officer and faults are rectified on immediate basis. All the persons working inside the plant premises are mandatorily required to wear protection devices such as safety shoes and safety helmets in order to protect them from fatal injuries. Safety week is celebrated every year to create awareness among persons in order to develop a good culture. To monitor the health of people working in plant a doctor is also appointed who visits the plant three times a week and free checkups are carried out for all the persons in the plant. 6.11 HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

In order to implement the proposed environmental management program efficiently within the organization, periodical monitoring as per statutory guidelines and mid course corrections/actions, if required based on the environmental monitoring results, management intends to establish environmental cell for successful implementation. The roles & responsibilities are clearly defined among the personnel within the environmental cell. The responsibilities of personnel are given in Table 6.5.

75 Fig 6.1: Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL

Table 6.5: Responsibilities of Personnel of the H, S&E Cell

Designation Responsibility

Over all planning, execution and management of environmental protective measures and monitoring of parameters and various Socio- Plant Manager economic measures, disaster management measures and training programs regularly.

To ensure the activities are carried out as per the OSHAS standard Safety In charge and all the employed given safety a primary importance while working at the Lease Area.

Overall in-charge of Monitoring of Environmental parameters and effectiveness of environmental protective measures taken and decide Manager- In charge about the additional protective measures in safeguarding the overall ecology and environment.

Healthy check-up of working persons, for identifying occupational Medical officer (Part Health hazards, if any. The doctor will be available 3 days/week for time) periodic health monitoring.

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CHAPTER 7 RISK ANALYSIS

7.1 INTRODUCTION The Erode LPG bottling plant of IOCL mainly poses fire and explosion hazards due to handling/storage/dispatch of LPG. These operations may lead to unwanted and accidental releases of LPG. IOCL proposes to installation of 3 Nos. of Mounded/Underground bullets of 600 MT each, 8 TLD bays, 1 x 24 M/c. Carousals and other online facilities in the existing plant premises at Perundurai Bottling Plant, Erode to augment the capacity. This chapter deals with listing of various failure cases leading to various hazard scenarios, analysis of failure modes and consequence analysis. Consequence analysis is basically a quantitative study of the hazard due to various failure scenarios to determine the possible magnitude of damage effects and to determine the distances up to, which the damage may occur. The reason and purpose of consequence analysis are manifolds like:

→ For computation of risk. → For evaluating damage and protection of other plants. → To ascertain damage potential to public and evolve protection measures. → For preparation of effective emergency planning for both ON-SITE and OFFSITE. → For formulating safe design criteria of equipment and protection systems

7.2 SCOPE OF RISK ANALYSIS Scope of risk analysis study includes the following: ■ Identify vulnerable sections of the plant, which are likely to cause damage to the plant, operating staff and the surrounding communities in case of any accidental release of LPG from the plant facilities ■ Assess overall damage potential of the hazardous events in relation to Plant and environment. ■ Assessment of total individual risk at various locations around the plant premises The present study is based on the information made available by M/s IOCL to MPCPL before undertaking Risk Analysis Study. The study does not take into account the risk from any deliberate mal-operations or any act of sabotage. Risk analysis of the plant includes identification of various credible and non credible failure scenarios and consequences of those scenarios leading to various phenomena like dispersion, pool fire, jet fire, vapour cloud explosion, etc. Frequency of the failure cases, magnitude of hazards and hazard distances have also been dealt with. The detailed report on Quantitative Risk Assessment and Hazard and operability studies has been enclosed as Annexure No. 23 & 24 respectively.

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7.3 QRA STUDY ACTIVITIES The QRA Study includes the following activities. 1. Identification of potential hazards and isolatable inventories of the facility as defined principally by the location of Remote Operated valves (ROVs); 2. Modelling of the physical effects based upon the meteorological data, process conditions of the release scenarios and assumptions regarding release sizes, release direction etc, 3. Estimation of failure frequencies based on the release frequencies from international databases and parts count of the Isolatable Sections (IS). 4. Development of individual risk models to evaluate Location Specific, Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA) values to personnel arising from the facility; 5. Development of F-N Curve to evaluate Societal Risk (SR) values from the facility; 6. Evaluation / assessment of the risk arising from the facility with respect to the UKHSE Risk Acceptance Criteria; 7. Identification of risk reduction measures.

7.4 Properties of LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), is a fuel in liquid form at or below its boiling point (-44 0F) and when it is stored under pressure, otherwise it turns to gas (or vapour). LPG is a mixture of commercial propane and commercial butane, possibly contain small quantity of unsaturated hydrocarbons. LPG marketing in India is governed by IS 4576 and test methods by IS-1448. LPG being highly inflammable may cause fire and explosion. It requires special attention during its handling.

7.4.1 Physical Properties of LPG 7.4.1.1 Density LPG at atmospheric pressure and temperature is a gas, which is 1.5 to 2.0 times heavier than air. It gets easily liquefied under moderate pressure. The density of liquid is approximately half that of water and ranges from 0.525 to 0.58 Te/m3. Since LPG vapour is heavier than air, it normally settles down at ground level/low lying areas. This accumulation of LPG vapour gives rise to potential fire and explosion hazards.

7.4.1.2 Vapour Pressure The pressure inside a LPG storage vessel is proportional to the temperature in the storage vessel. This vapor pressure is dependent on temperature in pure Propane and in LPG it’s dependent on temperature as well as the percentage composition of the mixture of hydrocarbons present in LPG. Beyond liquid full condition in cylinders any further expansion of the liquid will increase the cylinder pressure by 7-8 kg/Cm2 for each degree centigrade rise in temperature. This clearly indicates the hazardous situation, which may arise due to overfilling of cylinders or any storage vessel.

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7.4.1.3 Flammability LPG has an explosive limit range of 1.8% - 9.5% by volume of the gas in air. This is considerably limited than other common gaseous fuel.

7.4.1.4 Auto-ignition temperature The auto-ignition temperature of LPG is around 410oC-548oC and will not ignite by its own at normal temperature.

7.4.1.5 Combustion Combustion of LPG increases the volume of products in addition to generation of heat. LPG requires about 24 to 30 times its own volume of air for complete combustion and yields 3-4 times of its own volume of CO2. The heat of combustion is about 10,900 Kcal/kg.

7.4.1.6 Colour LPG is colourless both in liquid and vapor forms. During leakage, due to vaporization of gases, it cools the atmosphere and condenses the water vapor contained in it forming a white fog. This makes possible to see an escape of gases.

7.4.1.7 Viscosity LPG has a low viscosity (around 0.3 CS at 45oC) and can leak when other petroleum products cannot. This property demands a high degree of integrity in the pressurized systems handling to avoid leakage.

7.4.1.8 Odour The gases have a very faint smell and as such for detecting leakage, ethyl mercaptan is generally added in the ratio approx. 1 Kg of mercaptan per 100 m3 of liquid LPG (20 ppm).

7.4.1.9 Toxicity The gases are slightly toxic. Although it is not poisonous in vapor phase, it suffocates when present in large concentrations due to displacement of oxygen.

7.4.1.10 Pyrophoric Iron In LPG, highly inflammable pyrophoric iron sulphide is formed due to reaction of loose iron/iron oxide with sulphur or its compounds. Formation of pyrophoric iron sulphide is prevented by totally eliminating H2S, limiting the total volatile Sulphur to 0.2% by mass and reducing loose iron oxide by thoroughly cleaning the storage vessels internally during outage. However, pyrophoric iron sulphide will not spontaneously ignite in a Sphere or a cylinder due to high concentration of LPG, which is much above the upper flammable limit. When these vessels are aired (during opening to atmosphere or air entrapped condition) to within or below the range, it will ignite spontaneously unless steam/water is used to cut the Sulphur iron reaction. Similar type of precaution

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is needed while opening the strainers of LPG pumps or any other location where loose iron oxide is expected.

7.5 HAZARDS OF LPG SPILLAGE/ESCAPE FROM CONTAINMENT 7.5.1 General When LPG is released from a storage vessel or a pipeline, a fraction of LPG vaporizes immediately and the other portion forms a pool if the released liquid quantity is significant. LPG from the pool vaporizes rapidly entrapping some liquid as droplets as well as considerable amount of air, forming a gas cloud. The gas cloud is relatively heavier than air and forms a thin layer on the ground. The cloud flows into trenches and depressions and in this way travels a considerable distance. As the cloud formed in the area of spill moves downwind under influence of wind, it gets diluted. A small spark within the flammability limit can cause flash fire, explosion and if the liquid pool still exists and remains in touch of cloud under fire it can ignite the whole mass of liquid. However in case of non existence of any source of fire there will be no occurrence of hazardous event and the cloud may get diluted to such a level that the mixture is no longer explosive. But it can cause asphyxiation due to displacement of oxygen. The various phenomena that may likely to take place are listed as here under.

7.5.2 Jet Fire Escaping jet of LPG from pressure vessels/piping, if ignited, causes a jet flame. The jet flame direction and tilt depend on prevailing wind direction and velocity. Damage, in case of such type of jet fires, may be restricted within the plant boundary. However, the ignited jet can impinge on other vessels and equipment carrying LPG and can cause domino effect

7.5.3 Pool Fire The liquid pool, if ignited, causes a "Pool Fire”. In the pool fire, LPG burns with long smoky flame throughout the pool diameter radiating intense heat, which creates severe damage to the adjoining buildings, structures, other vessels and equipment causing secondary fires. The flame may tilt under influence of wind and may get propagated / blown several pool diameters down wind. Damage, in case of such fires, is restricted within the plant area and near the source of generation except causing a phenomenon, called BLEVE, which will be discussed and detailed below. However, in case of plants having a good layout maintaining safe separation distances and other precautionary measures, the damage may be restricted to minimum distance.

7.5.4 Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE) Clouds of LPG vapour mixed with air (within flammability limit) may cause propagating flames when ignited. In certain cases flame may take place within seconds. The thermal radiation intensity is severe depending on the total mass of LPG in the cloud and may cause secondary fires. When the flame travels very fast it explodes causing high overpressures or blast effects causing heavy damage

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at considerable distance from the release point. Such explosions are called vapour cloud explosion and is most common cause of such industrial accidents.

7.5.5 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) This phenomenon occurs when pressure inside a storage vessel increases above the design pressure due to receipt of heat radiation from fire in the adjacent area. Due to impingement of flame or due to radiant heat, temperature in the vapour portion of the storage vessel increases rapidly compared to the portion filled with liquid. Increase in temperature weakens the shell. With the rise in vapour pressure and inadequate vapour space for expansion, the shell of storage tank bursts causing fragments of the shell flying like projectiles with release of whole mass of pressurised boiling liquid. The released liquid flashes and atomises immediately often resulting a large fire ball in contact with an ignition source. Although the fire ball lasts only a few seconds, its effect is devastating due to flame contact and intense thermal radiation. This phenomenon is called BLEVE. The effect of BLEVE may extend beyond the plant boundary in case of catastrophic failure of large pressurised storage vessels but occurrence of such phenomena is very rare and this is considered to be incredible in nature.

7.6 QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS Quantitative Risk Analysis has been carried out with the help of world renowned QRA Software.

1. DNV PHAST 6.7 2. DNV PHAST RISK 6.7 NOTE: The detailed methodology adopted for Risk analysis and Hazard identification process has been provided in the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) report, which has been enclosed as Annexure.

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CHAPTER 8 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

PREFACE The Disaster Management Plan is prepared for meeting any emergency response in the event of fire accident, hazards etc., through the effective and optimum utilization of all the facilities inbuilt in the plant and available in the neighboring areas as such. This plan has got two sub chapters, First chapter guides for meeting the ‘ON - SITE EMERGENCY” and the Second chapter guides “OFF - SITE EMERGENCY”.

This off- site Emergency Response is prepared to ensure the participation of all the concerned Civil Agencies in and around this plant with a view to seek their preparedness in meeting such emergencies and to bring about a coordinated task force involving in district authorities. Fire service Department , Railways, Factories Inspectorate, Electricity Board and other protection forces available in similar type of industries meeting of all the above agencies is also the method of operation of ‘ on site Emergency Plan / Disaster Management Plan”. This Disaster Management Plan will have necessary scope for review of its effectiveness in its working and adapting to any new systems of further improving upon the implementation of the plan itself.

GENERAL INFORMATION The LPG Bottling Plant is situated at Perundurai SIPCOT complex of Perundurai Town on National Highway in Between Erode and Coimbatore and the plant is 24 kms away from Erode. This plant is spreaded over an area of 60.95 acres land and is surrounded by its entire periphery with 3 meters height compound wall over which 0.6 meter of barbed fencing is provided. Inside of the periphery wall of the premises, a width of 30 meters green belt area is developed with all around asphalted ring road. The plant is constructed meeting all the statutory requirements of State / Central Government and International Standards and specifications stipulated. The fire fighting system and organization established here is capable of taking care of any type of fire and hazardous occurrence incidental to the operation and maintenance of the plant and to serve the neighboring areas.

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8.1 INTRODUCTION Emergency/disaster is an undesirable occurrence of events of such magnitude and nature that adversely affect production, cause loss of human lives and property as well as damage to the environment. Industrial installations are vulnerable to various kinds of natural and manmade disasters. Examples of natural disaster are flood, cyclone, earthquake, lightning etc. and manmade disasters are like major fire, explosion, sudden heavy leakage of toxic/poisonous gases, civil war, nuclear attacks, terrorist activities, sabotage etc. It is impossible to forecast the time and nature of disaster, which might strike an undertaking. However, an effective disaster management plan helps to minimize the losses in terms of human lives, plant assets and environmental damage and resumes working condition as soon as possible. Risk Analysis forms an integral part of disaster management plan and any realistic disaster management plan can only be made after proper risk analysis study of the activities and the facilities provided in the installation. Correct assessment and evaluation of the potential hazards, advance meticulous planning for prevention and control, training of personnel, mock drills and liaison with outside services available can minimize losses to the plant assets, rapidly contain the damage effects and effectively rehabilitate the damage areas. Indian Oil Corporation LPG Bottling Plant at Perundurai is located in SIPCOT complex off the National Highway Salem - Palakkad (N.H.47) and the Plant is 5 kms away from Perundurai. The activity of this plant is to receive LPG in bulk trucks. Transfer LPG from Truck to storage vessel, transfer of LPG from vessel to filling in cylinders. The entire operation is a sealed delivery system. Further in this location there is no manufacturing activity. The only activity is to transfer tank of LPG from

Truck →Vessel →Cylinder filling

At the bottling plant, bulk Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is received through road tankers. The LPG is then stored in bullets and sphere and filled in cylinders for distribution using integrated filling machines called Carousals. The following were present at the existing facility 1. LPG Bullet 150 MT - 3 No’s A/G

2. LPG Pump/ Compressor House

3. TLD shed (8Bays)

4. Loading and Unloading shed

5. Filling / Empty Storage shed

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6. Fire fighting facility as per OISD standard

7. Horton sphere (1400 MT) - 1 No

8. 140 KVA Capacity DG set - 1 No

9. 275 KVA Capacity DG set - 2 No’s

The following are the proposed facilities to be augmented by IOCL to meet the increased market demand. The proposed of facilities are 1. Mounded Storage bullet 600 MT - 3 No’s 2. TLD Shed (8 Bays) 3. 625 KVA Capacity DG set - 1 No This plant is having DMP consisting of onsite emergency and off site emergency plan cleared by competent authorities. However taking into consideration the proposed augmentation, a revised DMP is prepared. The QRA and HAZOP study was carried out by M/s. TEBODIN using the following soft ware 1. DNV PHAST 6.7 2. DNV PHAST RISK 6.7 The conclusions are as follows 1. The LSIR contour the Facility risk contour of 1 x 10- per year or higher is not reached, indicating that the risk induced by the facility is considered as acceptable to workers. 2. The LSIR contour Facility risk contour of 1 x 10-4 peryearor higher is not reach as outside the facility, indicating that the risk induced by the facilityis considered as acceptable to public. 3. The societal risk (F-N Curve) from facility the societal risk falls in the ALARP region as per the UKHSE Acceptance Criteria with the fatality of 11 persons. In this connection the following plans, documents are provided. 1. Location Plan of the Installation indicating sitting of the installation at neighboring details up to a distance of 2 kms from the installation in each direction. 2. Site plan of the installation showing a complete layout of the installation indicating boundary walls, exit and entry gates and location of various facilities.

3. Layout of Fire Water Systems and Fire Fighting Equipment details. 4. Line block diagram of manufacturing process and Process Flow Diagram (PFD) of each unit. 5. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for all hazardous chemicals stored, handled, produced and transported in the installation. (Sample MSDS at Annexure-1) 6. Internal and External Emergency contact numbers and addresses of police, fire station,

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hospitals, mutual aid industry, factory inspectors, Board, State Pollution Control Board, Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization (PESO), etc. 7. Pipeline route map and details of various facilities such as sectionalizing Valve (SV), intermediate Pigging (IP) stations, intermediate pumping stations (IPS) across pipeline route 8. Addresses and Telephone Directory of Technical Support Services such as Environmental Laboratories, fire fighting chemical suppliers, public and private consultant associated with emergency handling and Aviation Medical Services, if any. 9. Security threat plan. 10. Health Safety and Environment (HSE) policy

8.2 PLANT DATA Table no. 8.1: Contact Details of IOCL Plant

Location of the Plant SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre Perundurai

Indian oil Corporation Ltd (Marketing Division) Indane Bottling Plant SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre Postal Address Perundurai, Erode District Pin - 638 052 Tamil Nadu

STD Code - 04294 234333 (Direct) Telephone numbers 234302, 234303 34304 (Fax), 234305 (S&D) Jurisdiction of the Factory Inspectorate DY. Chief Inspector of Factories, ERODE

8.2.1 Product Handled Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Licensed Storage Capacity

Existing Facilities: HORTON SPHERE 1400 MT BULLET-1 150 MT BULLET-2 150 MT BULLET-3 150 MT TOTAL 1850 MTS Proposed Facilities: Mounded bullet BULLET-1 600 MT BULLET-2 600 MT BULLET-3 600 MT TOTAL 1800 MT Tanker Load Decantation (LTD) 8 Bays

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8.2.3 Man Power Requirement

No of Employees Shift Timings Officers W.C.W B.C.W I 0660 to 1400 hrs 2 Nil 12 II 1400 to 2200 hrs 2 Nil 12 General 0830 to 1745 hrs 4 1 Total 8 1 24 8.3 POLICY, OBJECTIVE & AUTHORITY OF THE PLAN It is one of the well conceived policy of an Indian Oil Corporation Limited that every responsible care caution and effort shall be made to provide and maintain safe and health working atmosphere for the men, materials and methods. The policy also endeavours to ensure that the surrounding environment is also assured of utmost safety and health conditions. The objectives of the plan is ‘Prevention’ as its foremost achievement of any accident or happening of any hazard which will lead to personal injury or damage to people and property. This is the absolute and integrated theme of the plan. And in achieving the objectives, every employee of this plant shall be discharging his duties and responsibilities by voluntary-co operation and participation in maintaining & improving the safety standards and parameters. As the plan envisages potential hazards conditions remaining within the plant, the objective is to ensure that it does not invite threat to safety and health standards of the general public. Preservation of life is given the foremost place while drawing out the plan and all procedures are to be carried out to reduce risks to emergency personal, rescue and medical activities will have their own priorities towards this end. This plan encompasses all applicable central and state statutory requirements governing the emergency situations. The following statutory agencies are involved as pioneer agencies for this plan.

1. Factories Inspectorate 2. District Authorities 3. Police Authorities 4. Chief Controller of Explosives 5. Pollution Control Boards 6. Fire Service Authority

7. Electricity Authority 8. Medical Authority

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8.4 PLANT SAFETY COMMITTEE 8.4.1 Purpose The purpose of the Plant Safety Committee is to encourage team work is addressing safety concerns and promoting safety ideas. Presently two teams namely Safety Committee and Safety Circle and Safety Committee will be on a rotational basis once in two years. The Safety Committee and Safety Circle meet once in a month to discuss the issues. The Safety Committee / Circle consist of representatives from workmen and management. Plant manager will chair in the meeting and safety Officer is responsible for convening, conducting the meeting and implementation of the decisions taken during the meeting.

8.4.2 Procedure The plant Safety Committee will meet once in one month, Ideas and concerns presented at the meeting should be discussed agreed upon and corrective actions taken. The safety officer will keep minutes of each meeting. The minutes will include the review of the earlier minutes of the meetings names of those present, points presented & discussed during the current meeting and items to be resolved. Copies of the minutes will be posted to Regional Office. Likewise safety circle will meet once in a month with following personnel. Plant Manager, Safety Officer and minimum of four employees. The Plant Safety Officer will keep minutes of each meeting as outlined in Safety Committee Meeting and minutes will be posted to regional Operations and S & EP Department.

8.4.3 Manufacturing Process and Product Specifications This plant does not manufacture or produce any petroleum product but only receives Bulk LPG in Tank Trucks, Stores and bottling LPG in cylinders and supply to various customers/consumers/ distributors coming under marketing jurisdiction. Plant Operation consists of receiving LPG in bulk Tank trucks (Bullet Trucks) from refinery and import Terminals and loading at the same in the Plant in the storage tanks and filling into the cylinders for subsequent dispatch to Distributors. LPG mainly consists of commercial Butane and Propane. It is stored in liquid from with moderate increase in pressure and becomes gas under atmospheric conditions.

8.4.3.1 Specifications and typical characteristics of LPG are as under Table no. 8.2: Specifications and Typical Characteristics of LPG

Vapour Pressure at 65 Deg.c 16.87/Sq.Cm

Density of liquid at 15 Deg.c 0.525-0.570

Boiling Point (-) 18 Deg.c to +6 Deg.c

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Gross Calorific Value 11400 K cal/kg

Limits of In flammability 1.8% to 9.2%

2000 Deg.c Theoretically maximum Flame Temp.

Minimum Ignition Temperature 410 Deg.c

• Liquid LPG is about half as heavy as water • LPG vapor is about 1.5 to 2 times heavier than air. As a result of this property, and leakage of LPG tends to settle down at floor level particular fly in drains, pits etc. • Coefficient of volumetric expansion of LPG is 100 times that of steel. • When liquid LPG is released from a container or a pipe, it vaporizes almost immediately. This cools the surrounding air and may cause water vapour in the air to condense, freeze and become visible. In this way, LPG leakage may be detected even the gas itself is invisible. • LPG is distinctively odorized to give warning in case of leakage. • Flammable mixture of LPG vapour and air will never ignite or explode unless the ignition source is present. • Evaporating product, especially in liquid form, can become cold enough to cause frost burns on bare flesh. • One volume of liquid LPG will expand to approximately 250 volumes of vapour in air, Liquid LPG leaks; therefore create more hazards compared to vapor Leaks. Pressure in a LPG vessel is independent of the amount of the liquid within it as long as it is neither full nor empty of liquid. For any given LPG, the temperature is the only variable, governing the pressure.

8.4.4 Other Important Properties: • LPG reaches lower limit of flammability very quickly as compared to other gases. “Auto-Refrigeration” occurs when liquid LPG evaporates into gaseous LPG. • Presence of air in lines/vessels/cylinders will cause build-up of high pressure. • Liquid LPG can cause “Cold Burns” • Explosion can occur in case ignition of accumulated LPG air mixtures. • LPG can be ignited by static electric charges, tiny sparks, etc., Pressure inside a cylinder drops marginally with use.

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8.4.5 Flow Chart/Description of the Plant Activities A brief description of the plant activities is indicated in the Annexure-A. Also a copy of the blue print of the entire premises of the plant, indicating the surrounding areas in enclosed as Annexure-“B”. An organization chart is also enclosed Annexure-‘C’

8.4.6 Hazardous Substance The following are the list of hazardous and consumable materials received/stored and handled in the plant.

1. LPG - received through Bullet trucks and stored in the Bullets and Horton Sphere. Bottling the same in cylinders.

2. HSD - Fuel for use in Generators, Fire Engines. 3. LUBEOILS - for lubricating engines and other machineries 4. CHIANKOTE - Soap solution for use in the conveyor systems This plant is receiving, storing and then filling the product in cylinders and supply to the customers, consumers through distributors. The finished product is Liquefied Petroleum Gas widely known as LPG Bulk product is being received through Bullet Truck from Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Chennai and Mangalore refineries and Petrochemicals. Ltd., Mangalore. The bulk product so received through the Bullet trucks is stored in the storage bullets/sphere and then filled into cylinders. The filled cylinders and then transported through stack trucks to the authorized Indian Oil Distributors for supply and delivery to the consumers/customers. This distribution is being done from the distributors end through open mini-lorries, tricycles etc.

8.5 CONCEPT OF EMERGENCY OPERATION The basic concept of this disaster management plan is to provide a comprehensive approach for managing emergencies. The following are the four class classified approach towards managing the plan.

1. Prevention 2. Preparedness 3. Response 4. Recovery

1. Prevention includes all those activities that are aimed at elimination or reduction in the probability of a disaster itself.

2. Preparedness includes all activities required for ensuring a high degree of alertness top respond instantaneously to any accident/ disaster.

3. Response activities are those activities which refer to the measures taken during the emergency

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occurrence to minimize / eliminate damage to the plant and surrounding areas and prevent the loss of life.

8.5.1 Assumptions Certain assumptions have been made in the course of designing this plan viz. 1. That the fire services, Police department, other emergency service agencies shall be contracted and they shall be readily respond to an emergency occurrence and will provide necessary support. 2. That the Indane Bottling Plant, Erode of the Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., employees recognize and will carry out their basic responsibilities in an emergency. 3. Thus the local fire police personnel and other local authorities will assume their responsibility for On-site emergency response.

8.5.2 Situations Situations for which the provisions if this plan are designed are those emergency incidents where is a potential for severe consequences. This includes situations that may not be limited to the Indane Bottling Plant alone and would involve a risk to life, health, the environment or to property. 1. Technological Disasters include a hazards occurrence such as materials accident, fire, explosion, utility failure etc. 2. Natural Disasters include earthquake, flood, wisdom etc. 3. Social Disasters include bomb threat, arson, riot, Labour strike, terrorism, hostage incident etc. 4. Health Disasters include epidemic, pollution etc., 5. International crisis includes war, terrorism etc.,

8.6 HAZARDS

8.6.1 Hazards of LPG

8.6.1.1 Health Hazards

Inhalation-Vapor Phase

LPG in its pure form, is odourless and contains no toxic components and is therefore non- poisonous, Ethyl Mercaptan is added to odorise LPG to help in detecting any leakage. Burns by Freezing

LPG in liquid from should not come in contact the surface of the body otherwise it will flesh the freezing effect called “Cold Burn”. The result may be serious.

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8.6.1.2 Fire Hazards Product Discharge Liquid Phase

A liquid discharge is always more serious than a discharge in the Vapour phase. As liquid discharges and vaporises, the volume of liquid changes in to Vapour volume approx. 250 times greater, therefore a greater hazard exists. Fire (Fed by Vapour Discharge)

Fire fed by a vapour discharge may be elevated and not impinging upon tanks, buildings etc. The vapour fed fire would normally burn relatively close to the point of discharge. BLEVE

Boiling liquid expanding explosion (BLEVE) occurs when LPG containers are accidently surrounded by fire. Vapour pressure in the container rises with the increase in temperature. At the same time, temperature of the container wall in Vapour phase also raises. The valve strength deteriorates and eventually even though a pressure relief value may be operating, the stress imposed by the Vapour pressure exceeds the reduced strength of the wall. The container then ruptures and superheated liquid is released, expands and vaporises, in fraction of a second. Contents of the container thus released form explosive mixtures with the air catastrophic damage usually results from the spread and / or ignition of the vapours. Explosion

The distribution of LPG vapour within the atmosphere in people proportions and within confined space can create an explosion should the source of ignition be provided. Following on LPG explosion of fire nay be caused by the ignition of other flammable materials or a continuous discharge of gas may burn.

8.6.1.3 Other Hazards Leakage to atmosphere especially of liquid LPG will result in rapid vaporization creating large volume of flammable Vapour. Because LPG is heavier than air it tends to flow along the ground. Unless efforts are quickly made to disperse its accumulation, it may at under normal conditions, remain there for a long time, with the possibility of fire through an ignition source some distance away from the source leakage. A very small proportion of vapour in air will give rise to flammable mixture which can cause fire if source of ignition is present.

8.7 DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENT The total failure frequency for isolatable section is calculated by combining the total number of piping components & equipment obtained from a parts count approach and the base failure frequency obtained from the international database. The detailed risk analysis has

91 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

been elaborately explained and enclosed as Annexure no. 23 & 24 respectively. The following Fig No. 8.1, 8.2 & 8.3 shows the total failure frequencies and percentage contributions determined for the isolatable section.

Fig no. 8.2: Total Failure Frequencies

92 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

93 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

Fig no. 8.3: Total Failure Frequencies

94 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

Fig no. 8.4: Vulnerabilities Criteria & Occupancy Data

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Fig no. 8.5: Probability of Ignition for a one Minute time Interval

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8.7.1 Calculation of DRR Value: Table no. 8.3: DRR Value

Toxicological rating IDLH Level of LPG is 19000 ppm TOX = 1

Fire rating The Boiling point of LPG varies from 0.40 to 31 deg F and flash point

Reactivity 21 PG Vapour mix with air and results dangerous and products Re=4

Quantity handled rating at present storage capacity of plant 1850 MT.Q=3 Projected Exposed population rating Approx. population upto 1000 units of boundary of our plant will before Including workforce Than 1000. Pop=4 Projected ecological Impact There is no effect of gas on greenery, Agriculture/horticulture, rating

Where sub component 10% - is the Toxicological Rating Scale FI - is the Reactivity Rating Scale

1 - Lethality by inhalation beyond 50 ppm - Narcosis by inhalation beyond 50 ppm - Corrosive, irritancy sensitization or chronic effects not known In case of Industrial materials known to be absorbed through thermal contact and having lethal, narcotic, and Corrosive sensitization or chronic effects, appropriate upward rating on the scale should be considered.

8.7.2 Fire Rating

4 → An industrial material with boiling points greater than 100 deg. F and flash point lower than 73 deg. F

3 → An industrial material with boiling point lower than 100 deg. F and Flash point lower than 73 deg. F

2 → An industrial material with flash point in the range of 73 - 100 deg. F

1 → An industrial material with flash point greater than 100 deg. F but lower than 200 deg. F

97 8.7.3 Reactivity Rating 4 An industrial material which tends to spontaneously react (including decomposition) in conditions (other than specified critical ones) and results in one or more dangerous end products or conditions.

2 An industrial material which tends to react with water, humidity in air and results in one or more dangerous end products or conditions.

2 An Industrial material which tends to react with commonly used acids alkalis, solvents containers or catalysts and results in one or more dangerous end products or conditions.

1 An Industrial material which tends to react with other industrial materials (through scarcely used ones) and results in one or more Dangerous end products or conditions.

8.7.4 Quantity Handled Rating 3 Quantities exceeding 1000 tons processed/handled/stored at any given time. 3 100 to 1000 tons processed/handled/stored at any given time. 2 10 to 1000 tons processed/handled/stored at any given time. 1 Up to 10 tons processed/handled/stored at any given time.

8.7.5 Projected Exposed Population Rating, Including Workplace 4 More than1000 persons likely to exposed at any given time. 3 Upto 1000 persons likely to exposed at any given time. 2 Upto 100 persons likely to exposed at any given time. 1 Upto 100 persons likely to exposed at any given time.

8.8 COPING MECHANISM 8.8.1 Coping within the Industry 4 Full safety control mechanism which has incorporated, man power maintenance and human resource development programme in addition to mechanical component/plant Maintenance.

3 Built-in safety measures with a constant control over safety parameters and access to information on component failure records with respect to Plant and Machinery.

2 Additional measures over and above statuary requirements to ensure safety in plant operations, maintenance work procedure and storage codes.

1 Compliance of statutory requirements under various safety regulations currently enforced.

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8.8.2 Coping Mechanism at Community Level 4 Calculated, well-organized formal and conscious effects to involve all concerned agencies in disaster preparedness have been identified and mock drills are planned / proposed to be practiced.

3 Informal pressure groups, social, non-governmental organizations have been making efforts to organizations for community preparedness based on available hazard information.

2 Formal and specific hazards information exists in the majority of the neighbouring general public but does not amount to concern for preparedness to react cogently. 1 Informal and general community awareness created by media etc. Exists whereby only knowledge about possible major risk involving community exists.

8.9 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS The main features and elements of the Disaster Management Plan are as follows

1. Emergency Plan For The Plant (On-Site) 2. Emergency Plan For The Surrounding Area (Off-Site)

8.9.1 On Site Emergency Plan for the Plant 1. In the enclosed Blue print of the premises of Plant, the hazardous and non-hazardous zones have been indicated. The hazardous areas, namely the Horton Sphere, Bullet area, Pump House and the filling shed area are all shown in Annexure-A

2. The Emergency Control will be the Main Administrative Building where the Fire In charge will direct the entire operation. He will also coordinate the entire operations with the key persons. The assembly points for pre-designated persons from the works, contractors and other will be either (a) area nearer to the Main Administrative Building of (b) nearer to the Main Gate Security Cabin which are non-hazardous areas. The Brief activities of the Plant chart in Annexure-A

8.9.1.1 Procedure for Meeting the Emergency The following are the procedures for fighting the emergency situation.

1. Communications System 1. Pager Phone system + Intercom facility - 14 nos 2. Motorola Handset Walkie-Talkie - 8+1 nos. (One base station + 6 handsets)

3. BSNL Telephones - 5 nos.

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4. Electrically operated siren - 2 nos. 5. Hand Operated siren - 8 nos. Attention all the employees working in the Plant and also stack truck / Bullet truck crews contractors will be called for the emergency situations by operating the Fire sirens.

2. Services & Control Systems

The following facilities and fire fighting equipments / apparatus / installations are available. 1. Red / Green flags - 2 nos. (each) 2. Fire pumps - Centrifugal pumps 5 nos.

- Capacity 410 M3 / Hr-88 m lead 3. Water Hydrant - Double Hydrant - 31 nos

- Monitor - short range - 34 nos - Monitor - Large range - 6 nos

4. Bore well with Electric Motor - 2 nos 5. Sprinkler system - provided fully for all risk 6. 10 kg DCP fire extinguishers - 86 nos 7. 75 kg Trolley Mounted DCP - 6 nos 8. CO2 type (4.5 kgs) - 19 nos 9. Fire hoses 15 mtr. Length - 73 nos. 10. Water gel nozzles - 35 nos 11. Sand buckets - 8 nos 12. Water gel Blanket - 2 nos 13. First Aid Box with Medicines - 4 nos 14. Fire Helmets - 100 nos 15. Safety Helmets - 10 nos 16. Rubber Hand Gloves - 2 pairs 17. Resuscitator - 2 nos 18. Safety belt with harness - 4 nos 19. Explosi meter - 2 nos 20. Stretchers - 2 nos 21. Self Contained Air Breathing apparatus - 1 No with 2 air cylinders.

100 3. Control Room

The control room is equipped with the following facilities for firefighting emergency/hazardous situation 1. 1 no. Telephone 2. Main control - All car Pager Phone 3. Layout of the plant premises and the layout of the fire fighting equipments location. 4. Nominal roll of employees 5. List of key persons and their telephone numbers viz, fire station, police station, hospital etc are available on a board prominently displayed. 6. Officers-in-charge-available at the control room during working hours including on Sundays and Holidays / Night Hours. 4. Roll Calls

All personal except those who are detailed to fight emergency will be asked to assemble in safe place.

8.9.1.2 Maintenance of Equipments / Facilities Supplies Purpose

To ensure an effective response to emergency situations, adequate quantities and types of supplies and equipments are to be maintained on-site for use by the emergency brigade and others. Responsibility

Responsibility for maintaining Plant equipment is assigned to the Operations Officer (Maintenance) and Operations Officers (Safety) jointly. Elaborate and effective safety facilities are provided in plant to combat any type of contingencies. Materials safety data sheet in Annexure-B The facilities are broadly provided considering the following: 1. Leak detection, prevention 2. Elimination of source of ignition 3. Fire prevention / fighting 4. Communication, Fire aid, Rescue and Personnel protection. The facilities provided are 1. The fire water storage tanks (2 nos) of capacity 3700 KL each 2. 5 nos. Fire water pumps capable 0f 410 KL / hour

101 1. Gas Monitoring System

The system consists of gas detecting sensors with a control panel and audio / visual alarms. 25 nos. of sensors are located at sensitive and potential hazard areas in the plant with alarms at Control Room, Office Administration Building and Local Station to monitor the Gas leaks and regarding the risk. 2. Air / Vapour Extraction System

It is basically a blower with ducts extended to different operating points in filling shed. The blower extract any leaking LPG vapour from the floor level and cold flares the same to free atmosphere. This system is electrically interlocked with filling machines to ensure operation when, filling operation are carried out. 3. Remote Operated Valves (ROV)

These are Electro pneumatically operated quick shut off valves provided on Liquid LPG pipelines with actuating points located remotely and nearer to operating facilities in the plant, when actuated the valves will close within 10 seconds, stalling the LPG flow in pipelines. 4. Additional Safety Measures

Another identified potential source for fire accidents is Ignition. To eliminate such sources, following are ensured: 1. Flame proof and intrinsically safe electrical systems and equipments only are installed. 2. Spark retardant flooring or mastic floor in cylinder handling area. 3. Effective bonding and earthing connection for equipments and product pipelines to prevent static electricity.

8.9.1.3 Fire Organisation Chart Fire Organisation Chart for On-Site Emergency Response

A detailed and exhaustive fire fighting chart as per Annexure ‘c’ spelling out the specific responsibilities for the personnel in the event of fire / hazard (both in English & Tamil) is exhibited prominently near the Administrative Block for precise co-ordination & action during the emergency operation. The entire fire fighting operation has been classified into three groups of personnel. They are,

I. Fire combating Team II. Rescue Team

III. Auxiliary Team An exhaustive functions of the different teams during the emergency are as detailed below.

102 I. Fire Combating Team In charge - Location In charge

Alternative In charge - Dy.Manager (Plant) Alternative - Floor Officer Fire Fighting Order

1. Person noticing the Fire should immediately try to put it out using 10 kg DCP fire extinguisher and shout “FIRE”, “FIRE” to draw the attention of others and call for help and intimate location of fire spot to the Security, Trip the ETB / Operate Hand siren. 2. Person nearer to the fire spot should communicate over the page phone or by shouting the spot of fire. 3. On receipt of information, one of the security personnel at the main gate intimate public address system. Another security personnel will rush to the spot with Red Flag Shouting, “Fire”…… “Fire”…… 4. On hearing fire siren, the in-charge / Alternate in-charge of combat team will rush to the fire spot and issue instruction for speedy combating. Filling Shed / Cold Repair Shop

Floor Officers in-charge of individual functions like productions, cold repair shop, evacuation, purging should direct personnel as per fire fighting orders and lead them to the fire spot and await instructions from fire chief. On instructions from the fire chief give instructions to down the line members. Work Stations Tare Weight Punching (Carousel Inlet)

The operator working at this work spot should rush to the fire spot. Take position in one fire monitor and operate after instruction. Unloading / Inspection / Tally Cylinder work

Operator, working at this work spot shall rush to fire spot, take position in one fire monitor and operate after instruction. Integrated Correction Unit

Operator working at this work spot to rush to fire spot assist unloading tally in monitor opening. Online Evacuation

Operator working in this area to remove the cylinders from the evacuation stands, place them upright and disconnect the hoses. Stop all leaks from the cylinders by plugging with safety caps, to close the isolation valves and rush to fire spot assist inlet operator in monitoring opening.

103

LPG Pump House

Operation Officer in-charge of Pump House operations / bulk decantation operation to closely supervise personnel to carry out the fire fighting orders and make sure that the unloading arms are disconnected without leak and moved out to safer place. Report to the fire chief for his instructions. One of the pump House Operator to release the pneumatic pressure for closing remote operated valves, Pump House / TLD operator to shut down liquid and vapour valves, disconnect hoses and advise BT drivers to move out cautiously under the advice of Officer in-charge and rush to fire spot, after collecting breathing apparatus from Fire Trolley. Another pump house operator to rush to the spot and operate the Sprinkler system and assist in the Hydrant Operations. Fire Pump House / Air Compressor Room

PMCC operator should ensure the fire engine operation and monitor. Generators Switch Room The operators will ensure that power supply to the motors / equipments are tripped and rush to the fire pump house and a wait instruction of Fire Chief. Operator at Loading Point / Cylinder Tally Work Rush to the fire spot take position in one Hydrant point and operate after instruction. Maintenance Operator-1 Rush to the fire spot take position in one Hydrant Point and operate after instruction.

II. Rescue Team In-Charge - Accounts officer / in-charge Accounts. Alternative In-charge - AO-II/ OO II

Fire Fighting Orders

1. Ensure that all the personnel in the office follow the fighting orders of the rescue team. 2. Set up communication with Fire Station / /District Authorities, etc. in coordination with Fire Chief and await instructions on hearing fire alarm. Relief-1

The Operator Relief-1 will rush to the Fire Spot with Stretcher. Relief-2

The operator Relief-1 will rush to the Fire Spot with Water Jel Blanket and wait for Team Leader instruction. Maintenance-2

The Operator in Maintenance-2 will rush to Fire Spot with Fire Proximity Suit and wait for instructions.

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Accounts officer-II

Keep documents under safe custody and allow visitors, contractor labours to move to the safe place.

1 Rush to Canteen and move out of the contract labors / /outsiders to the Assembly Point.

2 To move visitors from out of office to the Assembly Point.

III Auxiliary Team In-charge - Dy.Manager (Plant) Alternative In-charge - Officer in General Shift

1. Rush to the emergency spot along with the team members, with required hoses, nozzles, helmets etc. and assist Combating team. 2. Arrange to move the fire trolley to the emergency spot. ICU Operator

The Operator in ICU will rush to the Fire Spot assist the Trolley Operator in Operating Monitor. Evacuation

The Operator in ICU will rush to the Fire Spot assist the Inlet Operator in Operating Monitor. The Security Gate in general shift should ask all the visitor, contract labours to assemble at the assembly point, near S & D and should do the head counting as per the entry pass. Fire Fighting Orders

1. Supervise smooth movement of vehicles out of the gate 2. To ensure relief personnel from workers change room to rush to the firespot with nozzles 3. Personnel working in stores shall keep all important documents in safe custody and rush to the fire spot with First Aid Box and other consumables. 4. Operations officer in S & D will ensure the smooth evacuation of the cylinder trucks. 5. Auxiliary Team members to move CO2 cartridges, nozzles, DCP, Fire hoses etc, to fire spot as per the instructions of Auxiliary team in charge. Security

1. Run to the Fire spot with Red Flag, shouting “FIRE.... FIRE.... 2. One Security guard will close / open the Gate & regulate the traffic 3. One Security Guard will man the Emergency Gate and will count the numberof Cylinders in truck going out. 4. Security Supervisor will count the number of men at the Assembly point and tally with the entry passes.

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8.9.1.4 Action Plan for Raising Emergency Alarm and Communication to Various Agencies (During Working Hours) Alarm

- Person seeing the fire will raise the alarm by shouting “FIRE, FIRE” to attract the attention of all

- Person hearing “FIRE, FIRE” sound shall operate nearby hand siren or electric siren (at office) to give signal of emergency.

- Security at Gate shall operate electric siren to communicate emergency to all plant personnel for action plan.

- If the situation is uncontrollable, the fire chief shall instruct AO II to contact and get the assistance from external agencies. Communication

- Operations officer, on the advice of Chief Fire-in-charge shall communicate to police, adjoining industries. Ambulance and panel Doctor and other important persons.

- AO II shall contact fire service and external agencies if required under advice from fire chief. - Fire Station on advise of IOC’s Chief Fire In charge shall contact outside agencies, for rendering assistance and arranging rescue, evacuation and medical aid.

- Police Control Room on receiving the emergency message shall communicate to Dist. Civil and Police Officials on wireless network.

8.9.1.5 Action Plan in Case of LPG Leakage 1. Leakage from Cylinder Valve with Fire - operate fire extinguishers and blanket the valve exposed to fire - Use sand and blanket the valve exposed to fire - Immediately after the fire is extinguished close the valve or fix safety cap - If the valve cannot be closed, remove the cylinder to isolated place away from source of ignition and vent out LPG under controlled condition.

- When filled cylinder is involved in a fire, the pressure inside the cylinder will rise abnormally if the pressure is not relieved, and ultimately rupture the container. In such cases, the cylinders adjacent are to be cooled by spraying water and the container under fire should be approached from upward wind direction and to be removed to the place of safety, remote form sources of ignition.

2. Leakage from Pressure Relief Valve with Fire - Allow the fire to continue - Cool the vessel to reduce evaporation

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- Attempt to cool the vessel extensively so as toreduce the internal pressure - Pressure Relief Valve will close automatically - Extinguish the fire - Cool adjoining vessels(s) and structure 3. Leakage from Pipeline / Vessel without Fire

- Corden off the area around 30 mtrs radius so that no automobile or source of ignition approaches the area

- Attempt to close the control valve - Attempt to transfer LPG into another vessel - Avoid entrapping into the vapour cloud - Use water spray to disperse vapour cloud

- Concentrate on cooling the vessel to reduce the heat input to the vessel and thus reduce pressure. 4. Leakage from Pipeline / Vessel with Fire

- Cool the exposed to flames continuously to reduce the rate of LPG evaporation - Allow the fire to continue under controlled conditions - Attempt to close the control valve by using water spray to form a curtain with fog / curtain nozzle

- Attempt to put off the fire only after control valve is closed - Keep persons away from dished end - Withdraw the persons to safe zone in case of rising sound coming from safety valves or discoloration of vessels.

8.9.1.6 Action Plan in Case of Cylinder Fire When filled LPG cylinder is involved in Fire, the internal pressure relived shall build up above 70 kg / sq cm and ultimately rupture the container. Rupture may also occur lower pressure if body has become weak by direct flame impingement by jet action. If container’s pressure is not risen up to 70 kg / sq. cm leakage from screwed valve joint can occur due to different expansion of steel and brass. Ignition of the escaping gas would aggravate the fire but release of fire reduces the possibility of rupture.

- No attempt should be made to extinguish the burning gas but the container under fire and other containers in the vicinity should be kept cool by water spray.

- If the gas leakage does not ignite, the container should be approached from upward wind direction and removed to a place of safety way from the source of ignition.

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8.9.1.7 Action Plan in Case of Electrical Fire - Disconnect the electric supply of affected area

- Attempt to extinguish fire with the help of CO2 / DCP fire extinguishers - If fire is not extinguished, extinguish by spraying water with fog nozzle after ensuring complete isolation of electric circuit.

8.9.1.8 Action Plan for Gas Leak Fire beyond Normal Working Hours ALARM - Person seeing the fire will raise the alarm by shouting “FIRE, FIRE” and blowing hand siren to alert all personnel.

- Security at Gate shall operate electric siren to communicate emergency.

1. Communication One security person shall inform PM / on phone and contact fire station on P & T telephone.

- Shift In charge security supervisor who is on duty will works as Chief Fire In charge, supervise the fire fighting operation and issue necessary instructions as per the need till plant manager arrive and take over the charge.

- Fire pump operator shall run required no of fire pumps. - Second person shall operate the fire extinguisher to put out the fire and operator sprinkler system / operate monitor / hydrant with the help of security person.

- Security Guards at Gate shall continue to remain in position, allow entry to outside rescue agencies and direct them to the scene of fire. No congestion should be allowed at gate.

- Operator in the shift should ensure that on spill is enters drains and if unavoidable, post one security personnel along the drain and see that no spark is brought within the vicinity.

2. Fire during Night Shift / Sundays / Holidays INCHARGE - Security Supervisor

3. On Hearing the Fire Alarm Rush to fire spot with available personnel and try to put off fire.

1. Advise Security Guard immediately set in emergency plan 2. Security Guard:2-To telephone as per emergency plan as under

4. For Employees Living Near the Plant On hearing the fire alarms rush to the plant, do not panic, and follow fire fighting orders issued by officer-in-charge.

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

8.9.1.9 Assignment of Responsibilities 1. Plant Manager

The Plant manager has final authority for the implementation of the Disaster Management Plan and the plan includes the following activities. 1. Assuring continued compliance with the provisions of politics of the Corporation on emergency prevention and response. 2. Approving the plan’s provisions and all subsequent revisions. 3. Reviewing and approving the release of any information to the press or to other recognized authorities or public. 4. Approving the initiation of formal or informal agreements with any governmental, community or industries. 5. Assuring that adequate resources are made available to support the emergency management activities. 6. Monitoring the effectiveness of response activities during emergencies and taking action to ensure that appropriate procedures are followed 7. Determine the termination of an emergency clear plan. The plant manager will also be responsible for overseeing all on-site emergency plan activities which specifically includes the following. 1. Appointment of personnel to the Emergency Brigade. 2. Determining a full site evacuation plan. 3. Conducting post-emergency investigations. The Deputy Manager will be responsible for fulfilling the duties of the plant manager in his absence, in addition he will act as a Liaison Officer between the responding organizations and the media during emergencies and will participates in public information and community awareness activities. The Safety Officer is responsible for developing the Plant Emergency Management / Disaster Management Plans and procedures and the specific responsibility includes: 1. Formulating, reviewing and ensuring implementation of the Emergency Plan. 2. Ensuring that Emergency response training concerning provisions of the plan is provided to all employees. 3. Ensuring that this Plan is tested through the conduct of drills and exercises. 4. Administrating safety and health review programs. 5. Preparing and submitting emergency related reports to management and the plant as required.

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The Operations Officers (Maintenance) will be responsible for providing technical advice and assistance to the Plant Manager in the formulation of the Disaster Management Plan and during the emergencies. He will also be responsible for fulfilling the duties of the Plant Manager or the Deputy Plant Manager of safety Officer is unable to perform the functions. 2. Inspections

Hazard studies are conducted at the Plant before commissioning and also applied to the proposed installation and modification of buildings, equipments, mechanical and electrical systems, Utilities, fire protection system, grounds etc. Plans or specifications on designated projects shall be submitted to an acceptance committee consisting of Operations Manager, Engineer. Manager, Safety Manager for review prior to project implementation. Recommendations will be submitted with the final plans and specifications to the Departmental head for review. If the departmental head finds that plans and specifications are not meeting the recommendations of the acceptance committee, he shall return the final plans to the originator for modifications or a justification of deviations. Purpose

This procedure provides for the inspection and correction of ensuring the timely competitions of periodic inspections and correction of problems. Responsibility

The officer is charge of each function if responsible for ensuring the timely completion of periodic inspections and correction of problems. Frequency

The frequency of specific inspections to be carried out at the plant as per the norms is as follows: Internal

Plant Inspection Daily, Monthly (By Safety Officer & Plant Manager) Regional Office (Operations) - Yearly Regional Office (S & EP) - Yearly Head Office (S & EP) - Yearly CAP Exercise - Monthly Electrical Audit - Once in Two years

110 Emergency Equipments - Weekly Maintenance - Monthly Office - Quarterly Fire Protection Systems - Monthly / Annually External Safety Audit

1. Surprise inspection by OSID 2. Safety audit by competent person, approved by chief inspector of factories- once in a year. 8.9.1.10. Public Information On- Site Emergency Response Plan 1. Purpose

Purpose of this procedure is to provide a program that ensures the distribution of information concerning the Plant Emergency Management to the media and the general public. 2. Objectives

The objectives of the Plant Public Information Program are 1. To help foster the view that INDANE BOTTLING PLANT, ERODE is responsible on issues concerning environmental health and safety. 2. To clearly communicate INDANE BOTTLING PLANT, ERODE’s policies positions and activities to the public.

3. To inform the Public about the positive contributions of the plant to the community. 4. To produce materials as needed to further internal or external understanding of key issues. 5. To encourage collaboration among business. Government and citizen groups within the community. 3. Responsibility

The Operations Officer is responsible for developing, Co-ordinating and implementing all elements of the Indian Oil Corporation’s Community Awareness program. The Public Relations Manager will be provided assistance as necessary. The ensure effectiveness, management will participate in this program to the extent possible. The deputy General Manager (LPG), TNSO and other Senior Managers are expected to participate in the public speaking engagements. 4. Procedure

Only the Plant Manager / Public Relations Manager shall respond to questions from the media. All media contacts should be referred to one of these individuals.

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Plant Manager shall provide a list of those members from the plant who might be expected to participate in Public Information Program or dealing with the press. These members should be provided with specialized Training in dealing with Public Relations.

A program covering various community groups involving the following aspects will be prepared for presentation to General Public.

1. History, description and location of the plant 2. Safety performance 3. Environmental protection measures 4. Community Development Program 5. Jobs provided 6. Over view of Emergency Plan 7. Coordination with off-site authority 8. Joint Training drills & exercises 9. Mutual Aid Assistance

Plant manager will identify those community organizations to whom this program should be offered through the following agencies.

1. Local Govt. High School 2. District fire services authorities 3. Neighboring Industries 4. Local Panchayat authorities 5. Local Police 6. Central & State Government agencies On-site visit shall be provided to interested groups to have a firsthand information and look of the plant operations. Indian Oil Corporations recognizes that its employees are the best and most effective communicators of the Corporation’s programmers and policies. Therefore the plant manager will annually provide an update of the plant’s community and emergency management program to all employees. Operations officer shall keep a record of all Community awareness activities in which IOC participates and the summary of the activities shall be sent to Regional Office. Operations officer will be responsible for maintaining and updating this procedure and any changes shall be coordinated with the Safety Officer and approved by the Plant Manager.

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5 Surrounding Areas

1. Kadapamadai Village - Distance 1 km

2. Periyavettuvapalayam - Distance 2 km

3. Olapalayam - Distance 3 km

8.10 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN An integral part of the Disaster Management Plan is the Off-Site Emergency Plan. The plan is mainly dependent upon a very close co-ordination and assistance from the Local Administration like Police, Fire Brigade, Medical Services (hospitals) etc.

8.11 PLANT MAINTENANCE AND DISTRIBUTION It is the responsibility of the safety officer to ensure that all section of the plant are kept current and are being implemented. The plant is to be reviewed annually to ensure the accuracy of information. The major provisions are to be tested at last yearly. The safety officer is to ensure that the plan is modified as required to reflect any changes in the facilities/organization or operating conditions .The safety officer that all required revisions identified by post incident review and investigation are implemented. All changes and modifications should be forwarded to all possessor of this plan. Distribution of the plan shall be determined by the Plant Manager but generally it includes the following: The Brief Description of Plant activities chart in Annexure-A

8.11.1 Internal Distribution 1. LPG Operation Dept.Head office, Mumbai. 2. Safety and Environment Protection Dept. Head, Mumbai. 3. LPG Dept. Tamil Nadu state office, Chennai. 4. Safety & EP, Southern Region, Chennai. 5. Plant Manager 6. All officers in the Plant

8.11.2 External Distribution 1. Collectorate 2. Factory inspectorate 3. Pollution Control Board 4. Local Police 5. Local Fire Brigade

6. Hospitals

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7. Local Panchayat 8. Neighbouring Industries & Intuitions 9. Telephone/Telegraphs Department 10. Electricity Board

8.12 PUBLIC INFORMATION 8.12.1 Off-Site Emergency Response Plan 1. Purpose

Purpose of this procedure is to provide a program that ensures the distribution of information concerning the plant emergency management to the media and the general public. 2. Objectives

The objectives of the plant public information program are 1. To help foster the view that Indane Bottling Plant, Erode in responsible on issue concerning environmental, health and safety. 2. To clearly communicate Indane Bottling Plant, Erode policies positions and activities to the public. 3. To inform the public about the positive contributions of the plant to the community. 4. To produce materials as needed to further internal or external understanding of key issues. 5. To encourage collaboration among business, Government and citizen groups within the community. 3. Responsibility

The operation officer is responsible for developing, coordinating and implementing all elements of the Indian oil corporation’s community Awareness program. The public relations manager will be provided assistance as necessary. To ensure effectiveness, management will participate in this program to the extent possible. The Deputy General Manager (LPG) TNSO and other senior managers are expected to participate in the public speaking engagements. 4. Procedure

Only the Plant Manager/Public relations manager shall respond to questions from the media. All media contacts should be referred to one of these individuals. Plant manager shall provide a list of those members from the plant who might be expected to participate in public information programe or dealing with the press. These members should be providing with specialized training in dealing with public relations.

114 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING CAPACITY

A program covering various community groups involving the following aspects will be prepared for presentation to general public.

1. History description and location of the plant 2. Safety performance 3. Environmental protection measures 4. Community development program 5. Jobs provided 6. Over view of emergency plan 7. Coordination with off-site authority 8. Joint training drills & exercises 9. Mutual Aid assistance

Plant manager will identify that community organization to whom this program should be offered through the following agencies.

1. Local Government High School 2. District fire service authorities 3. Neighboring Industries 4. Local Panchayat authorities 5. Local police 6. Central & State Government Agencies

On site visit shall be provided to interested groups to have a firsthand information and look of the plant operations. Indian Oil Corporation recognizes that its employees are the best and most effective communications of the corporation’s programmers and policies. Therefore, the plant manager will annually provide an update of the plant’s community and emergency management program to all employees. Operations officer shall keep a record of all community awareness activities in which IOC participates and the summary of the activities shall be sent to regional office. Operation officer will be responsible for maintaining and updating this procedure and any changes shall be coordinated with the safety officer and approved by the plant manager.

115 5. Surrounding Areas

1. Kadapamadai Village - Distance 1 km

2. Periyavettuvapalayam - Distance 2 km

3. Olapalayam - Distance 3Km

8.12.2 Off-Site Emergency Plan for the Surrounding Areas In the event of a major fire accident / gas leak in the plant. We anticipate that it may have an effect on the surrounding areas adjoining the plant. The fire - in charge with the assistance of other officers on duty will coordinate the following activities. 1. Seek the assistance by telephone from Perundurai police station, police control room to control the movement of traffic / public on the Erode Coimbatore Highway. 2. To alert the residents of the surrounding villages / hamlets and other industrial units / establishments. 3. Inform commissioner / superintendent of police, Erode. District fire offices at Erode and other industrial units / establishments surrounding the plant area for alert and necessary assistance. 4. Contact any other protection forces such as CRPF, RPF, Fire officers / safety officers available in the respective offices / establishments / units of the surrounding areas. 5. Contact electricity board, Ingur / Perundurai and the nearby electrical sub-station incharges for continuous power supply/total disconnection of power as the case may be according to hour to hour situation and fire fighting needs. 6. Arrange for the security of the premises, pipelines, pressure vessels, employees and other vital installations. 7. Arrange for required number of transport vehicles for movement of key personnel/employees from residence to location or from location to places of safety or residence as the case may be required. 8. Alert station master Perundurai / lngur Railway station. 9. Contact and seek assistance of the medical personnel from the primary health Centre / Perundurai Government Hospital and other available medical officers from the nearby factories, industrial units/establishments. 10. Assign a team for recharging fire extinguishers, monitoring the water. Pressure for continuous supply of water and other fire fighting materials. 11. To provide food, water etc., for the employees who are manning the emergency situation. 12. Inform important customers like road transport corporations, Railways, Defense, Police, Electricity, Municipal Corporation, Milk Diaries etc. of the repercussions of the emergency situation.

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The off-site emergency plan of the plant is based on the following services: 1. Alarm 2. Evacuation

3. Power-shut down 4. Fire/Hazardous incident 5. Control Centre 6. Communication 7. Security 8. Medical 9. Rescue 10. Repairs 11. Decontamination 12. Transportation 13. Traffic control 14. Mutual aid 15. Public Relations 16. Welfare The details are given here under: 1. Alarm

Two Nos. of electrically operated sirens and 7 Nos. hand operated sirens are provided in the plant premises/Main Gate Entrance. 2. Evacuation

Main Gate is available for emergency exit and emergency entry separately for men and vehicles. All trained personnel are to handle the situation. 3. Power Shut Down

All electrical supply lines, hazardous liquid carrying pipelines, valves, vapor lines, water lines etc. are color coded for identification. 2 Nos. 275 KVA and 1 No. 140 KVA Generator sets are available for operation during power failure. All incoming power mains provided in the power motor control room for on/off operation.

4. Fire Organization Chart Fire organization chart hast been updated and displayed at prominent places. We have 5 Nos. of telephone for contacting local fire brigades for immediate assistance.

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5. Control Centre / Communication The Administrative Building/Plant Manager’s cabin will be the control room where telephones, pagers, fax, machines are provided and it will be manned by key personnel round the clock during the emergency operation.

6. Security Security Guards are provided round the clock. 100% frisking at all the gates for the entry of persons into the plant premises is enforced during all the time and in emergency situations. Employees of the plant are provided with identity badges.

7. Safety of Records All the records pertaining to the plant are stored safely in a room in safe vaults.

8. Medical Facilities in Organization Number of person from staff within the plant has been fully trained in first aid. A first aid team consisting of officers and staff of IOC has been constituted to take care of first aid needs. Details and names of the members of this team are displayed at plant.  All important first aid medicines are stored in the plant to ensure round the clock availability of same.

Action Plan  Do cover the frostbitten area with water jet.  Bring victim inside to warm area as soon as possible.  Imperious frost bitten area in cool to cold water.  Gently cover affected parts with water jet if affected area cannot be immersed in cool water.  On affected parts, injured party should start exercising fingers, toes and legs.  Do not turn water pressure or pour water on burn areas.  Give victim a warm, non-alcoholic drink. Get the victim to a physician.  Do not use hot water, hot water bottles or heat lamp on burn. Do not rub with snow or ice, as this increase the chances of gangrene infection.  Tell physician that a freeze or frostbite form LPG is parallel to a burn. For the purpose of mutual aid in case of off-site emergency situation, the services from the following. Hospitals Dispensaries have been identified: 1. Govt, hospital, Perundurai 2. Govt, primary health center

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3. Govt. Hospital, Erode 4. ESI hospital, Perundurai/Erode 9. Rescue

Life saving equipments / materials such as Resuscitator, Water Jel Blankets, First Aid Boxes, Air Breathing apparatus etc. is provided. At the nearest Hospital standby arrangements will be made for effective medical aid for such of those people who are injured during the disaster. 10. Repairs / Hot Works

All the repair works in the plant premises is carried out under proper permission and effective supervision. No hot work is permitted inside the plant operational areas. 11. Pollution Control

Sufficient vegetation - Green Belt of 30 meter wide is developed all round the plant premises which serve to prevent air pollution. 12. Traffic Control

Local police control room/traffic police will be contacted for their assistance to control traffic in and around the plant premises. Similarly, Railway Station / control office will also be contacted for regulating the movement of trains in the vicinity of the plant premises.

8.12.3 Off-Site Emergency Response Plan Bulk LPG Bullet Trucks Following are the emergency actions envisaged for the road accidents involving Bulk LPG Bullet trucks based on the historical accident records.

1. Accident with no Damage to the Bullet (Head on Collision with Cabin Damage and Minor Injury to Crew)

Place of Accident - Main Highway and within populated area actions required.

1. TRUM Card instructions in case of emergency should be immediately enforced. 2. The Battery should be disconnected immediately. 3. Fire Extinguisher kept aside, as a standby. 4. Bullet Tank should be surveyed thoroughly for leakage from any of the fittings. Traffic should be stopped in case of Major Leakage. 5. Nearby police station should be informed' through passing truck or Messenger. 6. With the assistance of TRUM CARD, nearest LPG plant and transporter should be contacted through telephone.

7. In case the crew has been moved to Hospital for first aid, the truck should be guarded by any willing volunteer.

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8. Crowding around by people and smoking in the vicinity of 30 Mts. radius should be controlled. 9. In case of any leakage from any of the fittings, the portion should be covered with wet gunny bags and water should be continuously applied, to allow, the freezing / ice formation around the areas of leakage. Alternately, "LEAK SEALING PAD” should be wrapped around the spot. 10. Police shall control the Traffic with Fire Brigade as stand by, till the rescue operations were completed and tank is moved to nearest plant for decantation of product and degassing. 11. Subsequently the truck can be taken for repairs.

2. Accident with No Damage to Bullet (Head on Collision with Cabin Damage and Fatal Injury to Crew)

Place of Accident: Main Highway and within populated area actions required: 1. TRUM CARD instructions in case of emergency should be immediately enforced. 2. The injured crew should be removed from the cabin and to be admitted in nearest Hospital through any vehicle available. 3. If the accident resulted in death of crew, the bodies should be removed, should be kept at a clean place covering them with a cloth. 4. The battery should be disconnected immediately. Fire extinguisher kept as standby. 5. Bullet tanks should be surveyed thoroughly for leakage from any of the fittings. 6. Traffic should be stopped in case of any major leakage. 7. Nearby police station and fire brigade should be informed through passing truck of messenger with the assistance of TRUM CARD, nearest LPG plant and transporter should be contacted through telephone. 8. In case of crew has been moved to hospital for first aid, the truck should be guarded by any willing volunteer. 9. Crowding around by people and smoking in the vicinity of 30 Mts radius should be controlled. 10. In case of any leakage from any of the fittings a portion should be covered with wet gunny bags and water should be applied continuously to allow the freezing ice formation around the area of leakage. Alternatively, leaks sealing pad should be wrapped around the spot. 11. Simultaneously information should be sent to chief controller of explosives at The following address:

Chief controller of explosives, Govt, of India, Department of explosives,

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Nagpur. Telegram: Explosive, Nagpur

Police shall control the traffic with fire brigades standby, till the rescue operations were completed and tank is moved to nearest plant for decantation of the product and degassing.

3. Accident with Bullet (Overturning Of Bullet without Damage to Bullet)

Place of Accident: Main Highway/ populated area Actions required: 1. In case crew requires any first aid treatment at any nearby hospital the truck should be attended by any other responsible person who may volunteer to do so. 2. The Battery should be disconnected immediately. 3. Fire extinguishers kept aside as a standby. 4. All tanks fitting like safety relief valves, liquid and vapor valves, pipeline and rotogauge should be checked closely for any leakage / damage. 5. In case of minor leakage, it can be controlled by sealing the spot by wet gunny bag or marking an earth bund around. Message should be sent to nearest police station and fire station for assistance. Truck owner should be informed as per the information painted on tank body. 6. Police should inform the LPG plant, nearest Indian oil depot and the truck owner through nearest telephone for any assistance. Police / volunteers should be gathered and advised to stop all persons smoking within the vicinity of 30 Mts radius if gas is leaking and also should advise people staying in nearby areas to be in readiness for evacuating the area. People should be moved from upwind side to downwind side. 7. The vehicle should be hoisted into an upright position using a suitable capacity crane or pulley block arrangement while taking all precautions about fittings to avoid any further damage which may lead to leak. 8. After the completion of the rescue operations the tank should be moved to the nearest Bottling plant for decantation and degassing. Subsequently the vehicle shall be taken for repairs.

4. Accident to Bullet Truck with Damage to Bullet Truck Resulting In Leakage and Fire Action to be taken:

Effort should be made to confine or control rather than extinguishing. In case of fire is minor in nature it should be extinguished using fire extinguisher, provided it is very sure that the source of leakage can be stopped.

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If the fire is uncontrollable, nearby public and vehicle should be alerted to move away from the fire spot. People in the vicinity of 100 Mts. should be evacuated and the spot should be cordoned off. People should be moved from up-wind side to downwind side. Simultaneously, police and fire brigade should be informed through telephone/messenger. If the fire cannot be controlled still, await till the help arrives. Fire brigade should control the fire as per the following:

1. Water spray should start within 8 minutes of starting fire as BLEVE can take place between 8 to 25 minutes of starting fire. 2. Fire should be handled with extreme caution. 3. Provide 2 water nozzles lines one from each direction. If space permits give special attention the space between the rear and Driver’s cabin and avoid possibility of vehicle overturning due to water jet force. 4. Two water nozzles lines with 250 GPM nozzles at 80 PSI should move one line directing the spray system of the tank and the other using wide angle sprays for protection, make sure that continuous cooling is maintained on dish ends of bullet truck. 5. When reinforcement arrives, attack with 2 lines with 4 fire man on each line with the third approach line dish end. 6. With continuously cooling, safety relief values which have opened due to increase in pressure inside the tank will reset. Cooling should be continued till normal vapor pressure reached inside the tank. When the relief value closes all three attack lines should be switched to narrow angle spray and back-up line to narrow line. After stable condition is achieved, close the leaky value or leaky fitting using proper blanks, without coming in line with the attack line. After controlling the fire on tank, attack fire on tyres, cabin and engine compartments. Fire fighters and personnel dealing with vapor clouds must be protected continuously by water spray. Care should be taken to ensure that static charge is not generated in the vapor cloud. Hence solid jets of water must be avoided and spray nozzles should be used. Use protective clothing like fire proximity/fire entry suits and self contained breathing apparatus, when necessary.

5. Accident to Bullet Truck with No Damage to Bullet Popping Of Safety Relief Valve Actions Required: 1. Operate isolation switch and take fire extinguishers from hold. 2. Stop traffic both sides of road. 3. Inform police and fire brigade through telephone or messenger. 4. Volunteers/police should be gathered and should be advised to stop all persons smoking within

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the vicinity of 30 mts. radius if gas is leaking and also should advise people staying in nearby areas to be in readiness for evacuating the area. People should be moved from up-wind side to down-wind side.

5. If the water source is available around, pour water on the upper surface of the tank to cool the surface. 6. When fire brigade arrives, water jet should be applied through narrow angle on the upper portion of the tank to induce cooling effect. 7. If the safety relief valve is in the proper shape/adjusted it will reset as soon as the pressure falls below the set pressure. 8. If the valve is not reset, allow the vapor to escape under controlled condition, with fine spray of water dispersing the vapor cloud. 9. Surrounding areas should be guarded to ensure to ignition source is not generated. Afterwards move the bullet truck slowly to the nearest bottling plant fr- emptying out the contents.

8.12.4 Nature Hazards 8.12.4.1 Action Plan for Tornado / High Winds 1. Weather reports shall be monitored from broadcast warnings regarding threatening conditions. 2. If the Tornado has been sighted or effect is felt, following steps should be taken by plant personnel. a. Persons shall be notified over public address system or through siren. b. Emergency services shall be alerted for assistance. c. Plant personnel should be advised to assemble in the administration building basement/staff room/recreation room and rest room. d. All safety system should be kept on alert and all non essential utilities should be put off. 3. After the status is rested, personal should inspect all the facilities for resources, first aid and damage control activities, damage assessment cleanup, restoration and recovery.

8.12.4.2 Action Plan for Floods 1. Based on weather broadcast warning regarding impending flood conditions, following steps should be taken. 2. Shifting of all men, moveable equipments and supplies to the elevated area. 3. If time permits, sand pad dikes can be constructed to drive of control the flood waters from high risk facilities.

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8.12.4.3 Action Plan Earthquake 1. When first tremors are sensed during an Earth Quake, all personnel should evacuate building and assemble at safe place away from structures, walls and falling objects. Emergency shutdown should be declared. 2. Emergency services should be contacted for assistance. 3. After the status is restored, personnel should inspect all the facilities for rescue, first aid and damage control activities, damage assessment, clean up, restoration and recovery.

8.12.5 Social Emergencies 8.12.5.1 Action Plan for Water / Food Poisoning Symptoms Sudden discomfort affecting the digestive system shortly after consumption of food / water.

Action to Be Taken 1. Employees noticing the persons with symptoms should alert plant manager. Plant manager will initiate steps for identifying the source and cutting of the supply. 2. First aid shall be rendered to the affected persons. 3. They will be moved to nearest hospital in the emergency vehicle for further treatment. All explosive can be decanted by mechanical shock. This is usually referred to as “Sensitivity Shock” initiating explosives such as lead acid, Mercury fulminate etc. are detonated may mild shock as tap of pencil they are extremely hazardous because any movement is apt to detonate then with without any warning. As such explosives should be handled only under the supervision of an expert like controller of Explosives.

8.12.5.2 Bomb Threat When a Bomb Threat call is received the following measures are to be take. 1. Inform the message details to the highest local Police Authority and seek their assistance for patrolling and security need.

2. Inform Controller of Explosives the details and nature of anonymous message and required operations. 3. Request the Local Fire Brigade to position at least one fire tender at the location immediately. 4. Keep the concerned Department at the Regional level inform with the development at regular intervals. 5. Alert the local Government / Private Hospitals and seek their help for providing ambulances if necessary.

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8.12.5.3 In The Location Premises 1. Keep the Fire Hydrant system / all fire fighting and personal protective equipments in readiness. 2. Every one entering the location must be frisked at the gate / check all hand bags, parcels, etc., for suspected explosive / dangerous objects. 3. Have thorough inspection of the location for any suspected / unidentified dangerous object. 4. Materials and other boxes to be brought into the location must be deposited at the gate for minimum curing period of 48 hours.

5. Organize vigilance cell consisting of Employees and Officers for round the clock observation of the premises.

8.12.5.4 If The Suspected Object Is Found 1. In case of finding of suspected article, do not disturb its position, but the area around it should be cordoned off to a distance of 100 Mts. And more-depending upon the gravity of the situation.

2. Adequate staff or police squad posted to prevent any unauthorized entry into the enforced cordon. 3. Contact Controller of Explosives immediately who on reaching the site will decide suitable action for defusing the disposal of the suspected objected. 4. Evolutions of thick billowing smoke is an indication of impending explosion and in such cases withdraw or evacuate all personnel from the spot which has been identified. As a general measure regulate the movement of the outsiders inside our premises and restrict their entry with permit. 1. Sabotage

This section is intended to provide an effective means of preventing acts. Of sabotage by employees of Indane Bottling Plant, Erode or others and of reaching to such acts. This section defines sabotage as any deliberate action by an individual or group designed to Indane Bottling Plant, Erode personnel, damage, equipment or disrupt normal operation are to be prevented.

2. Critical Equipment

The safety manager will construct a list of critical pieces of production equipment and stores of materials that are considers suspect able to sabotage. For those items identified, the following procedures should be implemented. Access is restricted.

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Devices are locked where possible.

3. Facility Access Access to Indane Bottling Plant, Erode facilities by vendors, contractors and other visitors is controlled in accordance with Indane Bottling Plant, Erode gate control procedure.

1. Visitors shall be permitted inside the plant licensed area only with the special authorization by PM.

2. All visitors are logged in and out. 3. Visitors must wear a special badge

4. Visitors are escorted by Indane Bottling Plant, Erode employees. 5. Contractors, vendors, delivery drivers etc., are to be restricted to the immediate location of the work area.

6. Remote entrance points are to be kept secured except as needed.

4. Others Provisions The finance dept: A head is responsible for developing and maintaining access cards and key control procedures. All management and supervisors should immediately report suspected acts of sabotage to the safety officer and plat manager. Since the results of an act of sabotage are the same as those resulting from accidental (i.e fire, explosion, spill, etc.,) appropriate response procedures are to be used as appropriate. Specific individuals are to be assigned responsibility for securing designated doors gates cabinets, etc., at the end of shift periods. All issues relating to sabotage and other security questions should be referred to the local police.

8.12.5.5 Recovery The procedures outlined in this section are intended to minimize the adverse effects of an emergency incident by providing an effective means of re-establishing. Normal operation conditions in the least amount of time. In addition, the procedures also provide for determining the cause of the accident so that future incidents can be prevented. Emergency response activities will be reviewed so that more effective can be used in the future. This section is divided into five parts:

1. Incident investigation 2. Establishing a recovery team 3. Damage assessment

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4. Cleanup and restoration 5. Post emergency & recovery reporting

1. Incident Investigation As soon as it is safe to do so, an incident investigation to determine the cause of an emergency and to determine the means of preventing any further occurrences to be conducted. Responsibility

The plant manager will co-ordinate the investigation and prepares all final reports. The investigation is to be conducted by a team to be headed by the plant manager and consist of appropriate personnel including all or some of the following. 1. Safety Officer

2. Shift Officer 3. Plant Maintenance Officer Procedure

The investigation of the scene should include 1. Photographing the area 2. Determining the point of origin of the fire/leak/explosion, if possible 3. Note the position of values, controls and devices 4. Note any unusual items in the area or any damage that is inconsistent with the type of incident or intensity written or recorded statements from all operators involved, potential witnesses and others, who might have pertinent knowledge of the incident. Description of events leading upto the incident, assessment of what might have happened, why, and suggested corrective actions should be obtained. Where possible (and when no risk of another incident exists) tests of equipment and / or simulations should be employed. Report

A final report is to be prepared to include the most probable cause and recommended corrective measures. The report should consider. 1. Failures of Equipment 2. Failures of maintenance 3. Failures of procedures 4. Inadequate training 5. Human error

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Corrective Action

The Investigation team is also responsible for conducting a review of response activities during the emergency to evaluate the adequacy of training, equipment and procedures. The plant manager is responsible for ensuring that all corrective actions to prevent a recurrence of the incident better response to emergencies are taken. 2. Establishing a Recovery Team Purpose

In order to facilitate the restoration of normal plant operations as soon as an emergency situation has been declared under control, a recovery team is to be established to manage recovery activities, including damage assessment. The recovery team is to be activated by the plant manager Organization The recovery team organization will vary depending on the nature of the incident and the event of recovery operations. As a general rule however, the following individuals should be included. 1. Plant Manager to act as team leader 2. Maintenance officer to expedite contracts 3. Accounts officer to provide assistance in maintaining accurate accounting of losses.

4. The safety officer to prepare final reports and to assess the incident’s impact on the environment and to develop necessary government reports. The recovery team will be responsible for damage assessment, clean-up and salvage operations and the restoration of operations. The plant manager will forward weekly status reports to the general manager and other as necessary, including all estimates of repair costs, inventories and schedules. Each member of the team is to designate an alternate person to act in their seat when necessary. Other departments may be called on by the team leader to assist in recovery operations. 3. Damage Assessment

A primary function of the recovery team will be to assess the damage to plant structures, equipment and materials as well as to assess damage to offsite areas and the environment in conjunction with civil authorities. Responsibility

The plant manager will co-ordinate the team’s efforts and assigns tasks and areas of responsibility. The maintenance officer will supervise the inspection and testing of equipment by qualified maintenance personnel. The shift officer will consult with the plant maintenance officer and technical personnel, to develop a list of necessary replacement items and services.

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The maintenance officer is to contact vendors of damages items to obtain any necessary technical assistance. Operation officer is to ensure that all damaged items, labour costs etc., are recorded and that proper documentation is maintained.

Each team member will report their findings to the plant manager Based on the findings of the Recovery Team, an action plan will be prepared which includes the following.

1. Ensure that the attending physician is given all appropriate technical support 2. That proper notification of next of kin has been made 3. Obtain estimates of medical costs Based on the findings of the Recovery Team, an action plan will be prepared which includes the following

1. An estimate of losses detailing equipment, machinery, personnel injured and material lost. 2. A prioritized listing of necessary repair / reconstruction work, personnel assignment and estimates of completion schedules.

4. Clean - Up and Restoration Operation As soon as incident investigations are completed and restoration plans have been made, cleanup and restoration activities should commence. Responsibility

The safety officer is responsible for the proper reporting and documentation to necessary central, state and local agencies. The Maintenance officer will direct repair, clean-up and restoration of utilities and salvage activities. The Maintenance officer, is responsible for co-ordinating the activities of contractors / vendors and supply all necessary reference information. The Maintenance officer is responsible for monitoring all activities to ensure the safety of cleanup and salvage personnel making sure that proper personnel protective equipment is utilized. The Maintenance Officer should replace or restore all emergency equipment and supplies as necessary. The maintenance officer will expedite all orders for necessary equipment. Supplies and services. The operations officer will monitor and record all costs related to recovery activities. All recovery team members will submit weekly progress reports to the Dy.General Manager (LPG). A consolidated report will be forwarded to the General Manager. Damage

Temporary storage facilities will be established for damaged equipment to facilitate inspection by insurance personnel. Prior to restoration of normal operations, all affected equipment is to be tested

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and checked out according to procedures established by statutory rules & regulations such as SMPV and Factory rules etc.,

5. Post - Emergency Recovery Reports As soon as is practical after the session of the recovery phase, the safety officer is to hold review sessions with emergency response personnel to evaluate

1. The adequacy of emergency response procedures 2. The adequacy of the investigation of the cause of the incident 3. Summarize the post - emergency activities The safety officer will then prepare and submit a full report of the incident to the General Manager with copies to other persons as necessary. This final report will summarize all previous reports and reviews as mentioned in this section. Mutual Aid

It is the policy of Indane Bottling Plant, Erode to assist its neighbours in preparing for the responding to emergencies that may occur either on-site or off-site. Indane Bottling Plant, Erode provides response assistance to local emergency response agencies and to neighbouring industrial facilities. Indane Bottling Plant, Erode provides this assistance under verbal agreement with local officials. Assistance is only provided in cases where plant property and personnel would be reasonably safe from harm.

8.12.6 Government Private Agency Co ordination Purpose

The extent of involvement, if any by Government Agencies (ie. Fire, police, Electricity Board, etc.,) and other organizations (i.e.) Hospitals, Telephones, Railways, Local Bodies, etc., in a plant emergency, will depend upon the type and magnitude of the crisis. This section outlines the types of assistance available from outside organizations during any plant emergencies. Shown in Table no. 8.3

Table no. 8.3: Government Private Agency Co-ordination

Organization Fire Spill Security Medical Others Fire Services Yes Yes -- Yes -- Police Yes Yes Yes Yes -- Hospital ------YES YES EB Yes ------Yes Local Panchayat ------YES YES

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Telephones ------YES Transport ------YES Neighbour YES YES Industries

Fire Service

Fire Service forces will rush the Fire Tenders and their force to the plant and to co-ordinate with the plant Authorities in meeting the emergencies. Police

Police force will maintain the “Law & Order” at the emergency scene and adjacent area to the plant. They will also regulate the movement of traffic on the High-way in co-ordination with the RTO Authorities. Priority for movement of Ambulance, Fire Service vehicles, etc., will be given by the police. Hospital

Emergency panel of Doctors with Para-medical attendants equipped with life saving drugs and for treatment of cold burns, First Aid equipments and apparatus shall rush to the site. They will establish camp for treatment of those affected by the emergency situations. Electricity Board

They will assist in emergency cut-off/ supply of power to the emergency area and will coordinate with the plant authorities to contain the situation. Local Panchayat

Local Panchayat will coordinate the evacuation of the Community, surrounding the plant area aid in information dissemination regarding the emergency situation and assist in rescue operations. Telephones

Telephones & Telegraph personnel will extend their service in speedy communication regarding the emergency situation and operation in co-operation with the plant authorities. Transport

Necessary adequate movement of Public Transport required for evacuation of community surrounding the plant area will be arranged. Neighbour Industries

Services like Fire Tenders, Ambulance, Medical Personnel, and Trained Fire Fighting Personnel will be drawn to the site to co-ordinate with plan authorities in meeting the emergency situation.

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ANNEXURE A

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ANNEXURE-B

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

IDENTITY OF MATERIAL LPG, Bottle gas liquefied Product Name UN No 1075 hydrocarbon gas Red: Flammable Liquid / Label / Class Trade Name LPG CAS No. 68476-85-7 2.1 Formula Mixture of propane and HAZCHEM code 2WE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Physical State Gas Boiling Point/Range. Deg.C. 1 Vapor Pressure at 25 1823 Appearance Colorless Melting / Freezing point, deg. C 138 deg. C mm Hg Odor Odorless / Stanched Vapor Density (Air=1) 1.5 - 2.0 Evaporation rate at 30 much>1 9 Bu Ac=1 Solubility in water Insoluble Specific Gravity, 20 deg. C 0.53 - 0.57 Deg.C. Calorific value Heat of Vaporization 4.63E + 07 Dyn. Viscosity (PAS 30 deg.C) 3.17E+05 Kcal/Kg KCAL/KG Molecular Weight Sp. Heat liq./J/KG 2.23E+03 FIRE AND EXPLOSIVE DATA Flash point, C, CC / Explosivity Highly dangerous Auto Ignition Temp. deg.C. 405-50 60 OC Flammability Dangerous Explosive Limits, % 1.8-9.6 Buring Rate 7.9 mm / min Extinguishing Media C02 DCP water spray may be used to control and confine LPG fires Special Procedures DO not attempt to extinguish fire until leak has been shut off. For small fire use dry chemicals. Let large fires bum.

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CHAPTER 9 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

9.1 INTRODUCTION The project proposal comprises installation of 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets of 600 MT capacity each, 8 TLD bays, 1x24 Carousals and other online facilities for storage of LPG within premises of existing LPG Bottling Plant.

9.2 IMPACT ON LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE SUCH AS ROAD NETWORK ETC.

Presently, about 20 nos (approx) of bulk LPG road tankers (7MT) are unloaded everyday at the bottling plant. Post augmentation of the storage facilities, about 40-45 road tankers are expected to be unloaded daily at the bottling plant. This increase in number of road tankers shall be only for initial few days unless the storage level of LPG of 3650 MT is achieved at IOCL Perundurai bottling plant. Due to increase in bottling capacity there will be slight increase in the traffic load on (Salem - Pallakad) NH-47. Thus, the traffic load per hour during day time, which is at present 80-90, shall increase marginally during initial few days i.e. about 2-3 trucks per hour and on regular operation the increase will be 09 trucks per day. Similarly, about 130-140 nos. of filled cylinder trucks are dispatched daily to different locations of Tamil Nadu. Since the bottling capacity of the plant shall increase due to receipt/ dispatch of filled cylinders truck from the plant and hence, a little negative impact is envisaged on traffic network due of filled cylinder trucks per day.

9.3 COMPENSATION PACKAGE FOR THE PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT.

The installation of 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets for storage of bulk LPG, construction of 8 TLD bays, 1x 24 carousal and other online facilities shall be carried out within the premises of existing IOCL Perundurai bottling plant. Hence, the proposed project does not involve any issue with respect to Resettlement & rehabilitation and does not come under purview of RR Policy.

9.4 PROPOSED PLAN TO HANDLE THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCE ON LOCAL COMMUNITY

For installation of 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets, about 56 construction workers would be required to carry out construction related jobs. For unskilled jobs, it would be ensured that only local workers are engaged for carrying out construction jobs. This would impart positive impact on the socio-economic condition of the local area. For skilled jobs, only marginal number of workers is likely to be engaged. In view of the size of population residing within 10 km radius, no additional study is required to assess the impact of marginal number of workers coming from outside area.

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9.5 RISK ASSESSMENT & SAFEGUARD MEASURES Risk Assessment for the proposed project has been conducted and necessary safeguard measures have been discussed in Chapter 7. In view of the above, it may be inferred that the proposed project does not require any additional study.

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CHAPTER 10 BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

The proposed expansion project for installation of 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets of 600 MT capacity each, 8 TLD bays, 1x24 Carousals and other online facilities at LPG bottling plant, the plant shall yield following benefits: • Maintain continuity of LPG gas cylinder supply to the consumers through distributors. • Increase the days cover for LPG storage from 02 days to 05 days (on the basis of double shift bottling operation). • By implementation of 3 X 600 Mounded Bullets, risk profile of the plant will not be enhanced • Discourage deforestation and reduce the use of fire wood & fossil fuels. • Improve the quality of life of women engaged in household activities specially cooking.

10.1 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure IOCL shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system etc.

10.2 Employment Potential The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities, reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in service sector, although its magnitude will be much less. The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.

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CHAPTER 11 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

11.1 INTRODUCTION The awareness of environment has led to the development of Environmental Management Plan, wherein anticipated impact are assessed and the management plan to mitigate these impacts has been stipulated in advance. The project involves unloading, storing, and bottling of LPG. Thereby this section will cover the Environmental management of the environmental attributes that may arise due to the current project in the entire stage of operation. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to maintain a safe and clean environment. A project may have taken proper pollution control measures but without a management plan, the desired results may not be obtained. EMP is planning and implementation of various pollution abatement measures for any proposed project. It is required to maintain environmentally and ecologically sustainable developmental activities in the study area. The EMP brings transparency between the project proponent and pollution control regulatory agencies at State & Central level. EMP aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the best techno- economically feasible and available methodology before they are discharged.

11.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Pollution expected during construction phase of proposed project is considerably insignificant. The impacts of the pollution during construction phase on the environment would be basically of temporary nature and are expected to wear out gradually on completion of the construction phase. Following factors shall require due consideration during construction phase:

11.2.1 Site Preparation Presently, the site earmarked for installation of Mounded Bullets on an existing LPG bottling plant and is devoid of floral species. It is envisaged that minor levelling of land will be required for installation of proposed bullets. Stock piling of earthen/sandy material would be required during foundation works of the proposed project. The earth work will generate dust which will be controlled by periodical sprinkling of water during working period.

11.2.2 Sanitation The site shall be provided with adequate and suitable sanitary facilities to maintain proper standard of hygiene for construction workers.

11.2.3 Construction Equipment & Waste The earthy materials will be generated during civil works. The generated waste shall be used in levelling of low lying areas. During installation of Mounded Bullets & laying of pipes, some solid

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discarded materials will be generated as solid waste. These materials will be sold through registered scrap dealers. The gas cylinders used for welding shall be returned back to the supplier. Cement bags, coal tar drums and other container used during construction and discarded as wastes shall be auctioned through registered vendors as per standard practices adopted by IOCL. Similarly the damaged tools shall also be disposed in the above manner.

11.2.4 Storage of Hazardous Materials The hazardous material such as, lubricating oils, compressed gases (for welding), paints, varnishes, etc. are required to be stored at the site during construction phase.. The quantity of waste oil from DG sets is around 140 lit/year and Quantity of waste oil from Fire engine set is around180 lit/year. Since, these materials are hazardous; they will be stored separately as per the prescribed / accepted safety norms

11.2.5 Solid / Hazardous Waste Disposal The hazardous materials would be stored, handled & disposed of according to the guidelines specified under Solid Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules dated 24th September 2008 by MoEF and subsequent amendments. Some of the precautions of storage and handling of the hazardous materials and waste includes the following: • Diesel and other fuels would be stored in separate earmarked area as per the said guidelines. • Separate storage for waste paints and thinners, contaminated rags and brushes to facilitate recycling and reuse. Rags could be laundered for reuse.

11.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING OPERATION PHASE

11.3.1 Air Environment Continuous source of air pollutant from the operation of LPG/Propane bottling plant does not exist. The sources of air pollutants are limited to the DG Sets and diesel engine driven Fire water pumps. These sources of air pollutants are intermittent. During operation, these sources would emit the exhaust gases containing NOx, SO2, and negligible quantity of particulate matter. Control of air pollutants from these sources would be achieved by safe dispersal, providing adequate heights to the respective exhaust ducts.

11.3.2 Fugitive Emission The plant facilities comprise of LPG receipt through tank trucks, unloading and storage of LPG in Mounded Bullets, filling in cylinders and dispatch of the same by truck/lorries. As the existing facility operates in a well proven leak proof system, thus there is no continuous source of emission from the process.

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11.3.3 Water Environment

11.3.3.1 Waste Water Generation There shall no increase in quantity of waste water generation from operation of proposed Mounded Bullets. The existing sources of waste water generation are as follows: • Sanitary waste water from toilets, wash-rooms and canteen. • Non-sanitary waste water from mock drills.

11.3.3.2 Waste Water Treatment & Disposal Sanitary waste water from toilets, canteen and wash rooms are treated in septic tanks and disposed off through soak pits. Non-sanitary waste water generated during mock fire drills i.e. only once in a month is passed through vapor trap and discharged to garden During rainy season, the rain water is discharged through properly designed storm water drain after passing through vapour trap.

11.3.3.3 Rain Water Harvesting The rain water harvesting program has already been implemented in bottling plant. The system has been developed around the storage tanks, administrative building in the plant. The practice shall be continued and extended further with the proposed mounded storage facilities.

11.3.4 Noise Environment

11.3.4.1 Sources of Noise The sources of noise in the bottling plant are limited to the pumps, compressors, DG Sets and fire water pumps.

11.3.4.2 Control of Noise The following measures are practiced for control and abatement of noise & vibration. • The foundations of DG Sets and Fire Water pumps are provided with anti-vibration padding. • The DG Sets and Fire Water Pumps are designed to produce noise within the permissible limit and strict compliance of this will be ensured during procurement. • The DG Set is housed inside a building so that the noise is reduced by the acoustic enclosures. • Regular condition monitoring e.g. speed, vibration and regular preventive maintenance including schedule lubrication are being conducted for the moving machines to keep them in good condition and also to reduce vibration. • Trees grown in the green belt around the facilities also facilitates attenuation of noise level beyond the boundary walls.

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11.3.5 Solid waste management Environmental Management with respect to solid waste management may be summarized as under:

• Practically, no Solid Waste shall be generated from operation of proposed Mounded Bullets. • Used oil, grease and empty drums shall be disposed of through TNPCB registered vendors as per Handling of Waste Material and Transboundary Rules, 2008 and subsequent amendments.

11.3.6 Rehabilitation/Resettlement Plan The site for proposed Mounded Bullets is located within plant boundary of existing bottling plant which is spread over an area of 60.95 acres of land allotted by State Government. Hence, the proposed project does not involve any issue with respect to resettlement & rehabilitation and does not come under purview of RR Policy.

11.3.7 Afforestation Trees and plants are well known for trapping noise, particulate matters, and gaseous pollutants, in controlling soil erosion and ground water charging. Green Belt has been proposed to develop inside the plant and boundary of the plant. A larger portion of area will be under green belt development program. Grassy lawns and gardens shall be developed in vacant areas within the plant premises under green belt development scheme to increase the aesthetic value.

11.3.8 Safety and Fire fighting 11.3.8.1 Safety The main safety features associated with the bottling plants are as follows:

• The layout and fire fighting systems will be upgraded as per OISD - 169 & OISD- 150. • Boundary of 3.0 m height, brick masonry wall with 0.6 m height barbed wire fencing have been provided in all directions. • Approach roads of adequate width shall be provided as per OISD-169 and to avoid congestion and to have safe exit in emergencies. • All electrical fittings provided in licensed areas are flame proof and intrinsically safe as per IS-2148 • Cylinder filling area is completely open type and covered from top with colour coated galvaloom roof. • Water drain from cylinder filling area is provided with vapour trap. • Fixed Water Spray system has been installed for LPG handling area. • Suitable storm water drain has been provided with vapour traps.

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113.8.2 Fire Fighting Facilities The fire fighting system in the proposed facilities consists of Fire Water Storage, Fire Water Pumps and Fire Hydrant System. As IOCL is dealing with hydrocarbons that are volatile in nature, safety of the plants becomes very important factor. The fire fighting facilities are of state of the art and are fully automated which operate themselves in case of fire. The fire water ring main is always kept in auto mode with pressurized water with the help of jockey pumps which have auto start / stop facility. There are 17 deluge valves which cover all the vulnerable areas of plant. These valves operate automatically in case of fire and water is sprayed in the concerned area for controlling the fire. Moreover 10 kg and 75 kg DCP fire- extinguishers are placed as per OISD-144 norms to control fire at initial stages. CO2 fire extinguishers are also provided in power motor control centre and other buildings in plant to put off fire in emergency situations. Fire Hydrant rings covering all facilities will be upgraded as per OISD - 169. Two firewater tanks of 3700 KL capacity have been provided to combat fire emergencies. Fire Fighting Mock drills will be conducted once in a month, the photographs of one such mock drill is provided below in Fig 11. 1

Fig 11.1: Mock Fire drill conducted at IOCL Erode Bottling Plant.

11.3.8.3 Safety Organization The Fire and Safety Department is under the control of trained and responsible officer. All the officers and staff of the bottling plant are trained in combating fire and use of safety equipment.

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11.3.8.4 Security The following security arrangement has been provided within LPG Bottling Plant The following security arrangement has been provided within LPG Bottling Plant

• The facilities are guarded round the clock by efficient security personnel. They prevent any unauthorized entry inside the plant. • 3.0 m high boundary wall with 0.6m barbed wire fencing has been provided around the installation to resist any unauthorized entry.

11.3.8.5 Safety & Environmental Audit In view of the high hazard potential of LPG, extreme cares are being taken to maintain the safety needs of the installation. Safety audits are carried out regularly by a multi-disciplinary team. The safety audit includes operating procedures, housekeeping, provision of fire fighting and safety gadgets, mock drills etc

11.3.8.6 Occupational Safety and Health Safety Department in the plant looks after the occupational safety aspects of the workers also. M/s IOCL follows OISD-166 to maintain occupational health and safety of the employees and workers. Workers are well informed about the preventive measures and safe operating practices to be followed for various types of job. Training courses are organized for the workmen and the officers before they are put on the job. Contractor's labourers are also trained and educated to ensure safe operating practices for the jobs.

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11.3.8.7 Tool & Tackles

In Hydrocarbon industry, it is customary to use non-sparking type tools (spanners, wrenches etc). Electrical hand tools like torches; lamp etc. to be used in the hazardous area should be flame proof type. All tools should be of approved quality and make and will be purchased with test certificates.

11.3.8.8 Preventive Maintenance & Planned Inspection To facilitate inspection and maintenance service in planned manner, a schedule will be made and jobs to be done daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, half yearly and yearly. Record of the jobs done will be kept

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properly. The inspection & maintenance schedule will be done as per the directive & procedure lay down by OISD as well as instructions of suppliers and OEM. The planned inspection will also include statutory inspection of pressure vessels, storage tanks, safety valves etc.

11.4 FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS After an in-depth examination of the environment management plan, the management has made a time specific budgetary cost allocation towards carrying out environmental related works on a continuous basis and the same is given below in Table 11.1

Table 11.1 Proposed Costing Towards Environmental Protective Measures

Recurring expenses proposed Sl. No. Activity per annum (Lakh Rs.)

Cost towards purchase of Fire fighting 1 0.90 equipments

Operation and Maintenance of 2 20 machineries

Cost towards purchase of Gas Monitoring 3 1.0 Systems (GMS)

Environmental Pollution Control / 4 0.25 Monitoring

5 Safety Inventory Cost 0.35

6 Maintenance cost of Carousal machines 1.50

Maintenance of LPG cylinders/ Drive 7 1.0 ways

32 TOTAL

144 CHAPTER 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT This chapter describes about the environmental consultant engaged in preparation of EIA report for the proposed expansion of bottling capacity at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Perundurai village, Perundurai Taluk & Erode District, Tamil Nadu by IOCL. 12.1 INTRODUCTION ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited (formerly ABC Environ Solutions Pvt. Ltd.) isan ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Company & leading Environmental Engineering & Consultancy Company constantly striving towards newer heights since its inception in 2006. Our Company is dedicated to provide strategic services in the areas Environment, Infrastructure, Energy, Engineering and Multilab. It is the first firm to be accredited by NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an EIA Consultant, approved for carrying out EIA studies and obtaining environmental clearance for various sectors such as Thermal Power Plants, Infrastructure, Industrial Estates / Complexes/ Areas, Mining, Township & area development and Building construction projects etc. ABC Techno Labs is equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories), Department of Science & Technology, Government of India. Since establishment ABC Techno Labs focus on sustainable development of Industry and Environment based on sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most important is satisfying customers need. The company has successfully completed more than 100 projects of variety of industries, in the field of pollution control and environmental management solutions. The company is also dealing in the projects of waste minimization and cleaner production technology. The team of technocrats and scientist are well experienced to deal with the design,Manufacture, Fabrication,Installation, commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater treatment plants, Sewage Treatment plants, Combined Treatment plants. The company is having well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking after environmental projects & well equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the requirements of the State Pollution Control Board and our clients. 12.2 Services of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited 12.2.1 Environmental Services

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

• Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

• Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

• Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise, Water, Soil, Ecology, Socio-Economic and Demography etc;

• Environmental Monitoring

• Socio Economic Studies

• Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan

• Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies

• Ecological Impact Assessment

• Environmental Management Framework

• Solid Waste Management

• Hazardous Waste Management

• Internship & Training 12.2.2 Turnkey projects

• Water Treatment Plants

• Sewage Treatment Plant

• Recycling & Water Conservation Systems

• Zero Discharge System

12.2.3 Other services • Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants

• Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals

• Pilot Plant studies

• Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates 12.2.4 Laboratory services

• Chemical Testing

• Environmental Testing

• Microbiological Testing

• Food Testing

• Metallurgical Testing 12.3 Sectors Accredited by NABET

S. Sectors Name No. 1. Mining of minerals (Opencast only) Mining (Open cast and Underground) 2. Irrigation projects only 3. Thermal Power Plant 4. Metallurgical industries (sec. ferrous only) 5. Cement Plants 6. Petroleum refining industry 7. Leather/skin/hide processing industry 8. Chemical Fertilizers 9. Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) 10. Distilleries 11. 24 Pulp & paper industry excluding manufacturing of paper from wastepaper and manufacture of paper from ready pulp without bleaching 12. Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals (As per threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000) 13. Airports 14. Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/ Areas, export processing zones(EPZs), Special economic zones (SEZs), Biotech parks, Leather complexes 15. Ports, harbours, jetties, marine terminals, break waters and dredging 16. Highways, Railways, transport terminals, mass rapid transport systems 17. Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) 18. Common municipal solid waste management facility (CMSWMF) 19. 38 Building and large construction projects including shopping malls, multiplexes, commercial complexes, housing estates, hospitals, institutions 20. Townships and Area development Projects 12.4 Study Team ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited has carried out this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study. The multidisciplinary team included expertise in Environmental Impact Assessment, Air & Water pollution & Control measures, Noise Control measures, Ecology & bio-diversity, Land use, Geology, Environmental Chemistry and Socio-Economic planner. The team members involved in EIA study area:

S. No. Name Role 1. Dr. R.K. Jayaseelan EIA coordinator Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry & Functional Area Expert – Land use, Water Pollution, Prevention & Control and Hydrogeology 2. Mr.Bipin Prakash Chari AFAE-Water Pollution Project Engineer (Report Analysis and Documentation) 3. Dr.Muthiah Mariappan FAE – Solid Waste Management 4. Mr. Mohammed Assain AFAE- Air Pollution, Solid and Hazardous Waste Junior Project Engineer 5. Dr. N. Sukumaran FAE – Ecology & Biodiversity 6. Dr.Thillai Govindarajan FAE – Geology 7. Mr. M. Senthil Kumar FAE – Risk Assessment & Hazard management 8. Mr. V.K.Gautam FAE – Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling & Prediction 9. Mr. R. Rajendran FAE – Air Pollution, Prevention and Control and Noise & Vibration 10. Mrs.Geetha Shreeneevasakam FAE – Socio-Economic Expert 11. Mrs. K. Vijayalakshmi Manager - Environment 12. Mr. Bharat P. Junior Project Engineer– Report Analysis and Documentation 13. Ms. R. Akshaya Junior Project Engineer– Report Analysis and Documentation 14. Mr. G. Vineeth Pethu Junior Engineer – Report Analysis and Documentation 15. Mr. Mukund Ramesh Junior Project Engineer– Report Analysis and Documentation S. No. Name Role 16. Mr. Robson Chinnadurai Senior Chemist 17. Mr. M. Muruganantham Junior Chemist 18. Mr. Satish Field Technician