1. Electricity Generators and Car Exhausts Contamination and Impact of Lead on Human Beings
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ABSTRACTS OF THE 3RD CEECHE CONFERENCE · 2008; 14(1):5–116 1. Electricity generators and car exhausts contamination and impact of lead on human beings ALI ABBAS, MODHAFAR AHMED Mosul University, Iraq, [email protected] Lead is one of the most important elements that contributes to the impact on human brain. It’s in the body from many variable sources. This metal has been of great interest of the specialists and the public, including researchers dealing with the topics of pollution of the air, water, oil, food and their impact on most of the organs. Because of the obvious effect on human beings, in the various countries of the world it is probably one of the sources of appearance of generations with impaired mental health if exposed to high concentration of lead. The agencies responsible for health globally and locally for the legislation of the various dimensions of the metal particulates are of great importance. Most sources of lead that accompany our daily lives need health aware- ness as the lead does not only affect the brain, but it may cause anemia and affect the fertility of men and women, may cause severe pain in the abdomen and may have an impact on the central nervous system, too. The most important sources of lead exposure are automobile fuel (diesel & gasoline), dyes, food stored in metal cans, coloured soil and house dust. This research aimed to study the impact of lead emitted from the electricity generators and car exhausts on plant life, soil dust and human blood of the citizens of Mosul city. The result showed that the city forest trees contaminated with particulates and the concentration of lead in the trees near the street was more than that away from the source. It also showed the season’s fundamental role in the different con- centrations of lead. Results showed that the field vegetables deployed in the city in the summer and winter were also contaminated and not used for human consumption. Dust in the whole city contains lead twice as much as the minimum allowable concentration. Traffic policemen’s con- taminated blood contained lead by 63% higher than the blood of the general public or the genera- tor workers. In the city of Mosul 500,000 cars and 733 electricity generators emit 2.64 tons of lead containing particulates per day. 2. Global warming potential of solid waste landfills HANI ABU QDAIS Civil Engineering Department, Environmental Engineering Division, Jordan University of Science & Technology P.O.Box 30303, Irbid Jordan, [email protected] Despite the efforts that are directed to the recycling and recovery of solid wastes, landfills will remain an integral part of most solid waste management plans. Landfills have some adverse envi- ronmental impacts including the emission of green house gases (GHGs). GHGs (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) are the main cause of the global warming phenomena that leads to climate change. Climate change may directly affect human health through increase in average temperature. Furthermore, indirect impact on human health may be caused by climatic change through degrada- tion in water and food quality and quantity. According to USEPA, globally, landfills are the third- largest anthropogenic source of methane emissions, while in the US, landfills were the second-largest source in 2006. In Jordan, domestic solid waste sector contributes to about 90% of the methane emis- sions from anthropogenic sources at the national level. Nowadays, both governmental and nongov- ernmental agencies have joined efforts with environmentalists to stop landfills from contributing to global warming phenomena. These efforts are focusing on mitigating the impacts of landfill gases 6 · 2008; 14(1): ABSTRACTS OF THE 3RD CEECHE CONFERENCE by recovering the methane gas and utilizing it for energy production. The main objective of the present paper is to describe the contribution of landfills to global warming phenomena. The im- pacts of the emitted landfill gases on the atmosphere and the health of human beings are re- viewed. In addition, the global warming potential of the landfill gases are estimated. Mitigation measures to minimize the adverse impacts of the gases are recommended. 3. Plant poisoning among children and young people in northern parts of Jordan ENAS ABU QDAIS Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan [email protected] The aim of the present poster is to present the growing problem of poisoning with some plants like Mandragora autumnalis. A multiple case of Mandragora autumnalis poisoning among chil- dren is described. Mandragora autumnalis, a solanaceous plant is common in Irbid province, con- tains a variable concentration of alkaloids which cause gastrointestinal irritation, and tropane al- kaloids, which have anticholinergic properties and produce typical and sometimes severe atropine-like symptoms. Symptomatic treatment, antidote therapy with physostigmine is useful to control acute poisoning. The poster emphasizes the need for awareness and educational measures of the public, in order to prevent poisoning of Jordanian children by eating such plants. Key words: Plant – Poisoning, children, Northern Jordan. 4. Social responsibility, mining and development JOHN ASTON AstonEco Management Address: No. 14, Pictor Constantin Stahi, ap. 1, Sector 1, Bucharest. Implementing projects for a sustainable community using CSR in Action: Effective Communication, Stakeholder Engagement; Risk, Environment, Social and Project Assessment & Management, [email protected] In the EU we push towards responsible economic growth. In Romania we have approx 500 com- munities in a state of economic decay after 18 years of abrupt mine closures – yet still with min- eral resources in the ground and with the current prices for mine products are reaching record highs. What has gone wrong? Are we trying to understand? Can we learn from the past to build a stronger future? This presentation argues that we can systematically address the difficult issues surrounding the extractive industry through acknowledging the concerns of stakeholders. It shows a solid path to capture and address the issues. And it presents an overview of a robust framework on which to rebuild the mining industry – a framework made easier to apply with the help of the upcoming ISO standard on social responsibility, together with other current social responsibility and management innovations. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE · 2008; 14(1): · 7 5. Environmental contamination and health risk for residents living around uranium-mining and milling areas WILLIAM AU University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Drive, Galveston, Texas 77555-1110, USA, [email protected] Operations in the uranium mining and milling industry generate a substantial amount of radioac- tive and toxic waste products. Some of the solid and radioactive waste is deposited as tailings onto designated waste sites. Of concerns to residents living around such operations are the envi- ronmental contaminations from disposal of the waste and health risk from exposure to the con- taminants. For example, tailings release the radioactive gas, radon, and solid waste can be dis- persed by hydrologic processes. We have conducted a biomarker study to investigate the concern. Using the chromosome aberration assay, the residents showed higher chromosome aberration fre- quencies than the matched control. Using the challenge assay, we showed that the residents had exposure-associated DNA repair abnormalities. Together the data indicate that the residents may have been exposed to 10 cGy radiation and have increased risk from such exposure. A subsequent and un-related epidemiologic study reported that residents who live near such mining and milling activities had significantly increased cancer mortality risk from lung and kidney cancers. There are several conclusions that can be generated from these studies. First, the challenge assay is use- ful in detecting exposure-induced DNA repair defects. Second, uranium mining operations can cause health risk to residents in the surrounding areas. Third, more attention needs to be paid to the management of waste from such operations. 6. Traditional and new biomarkers for monitoring populations for their exposure to environmental toxic substances WILLIAM AU University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Drive, Galveston, Texas 77555-1110, USA, [email protected] Extensive biomarker research and prospective validation studies indicate that certain biomarkers can be used to provide reliable documentation of excessive exposure to environmental mutagenic agents, expression of detrimental biological effects from the exposure and increased risk for can- cer. These biomarkers are useful because they represent parts of an integrated response to the ex- posure and are components of the complex carcinogenic pathway. Traditional biomarkers are classified into three categories: biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of early biological effects and biomarkers of health risk. A current interest is in the use of phenotypic functional assays to improve/complement the assessment of cancer risk. Recommended approaches include assays that indicate DNA repair deficiency, i.e. host-cell mediated reporter gene and challenge (mutagen-sensitivity) assays. In addition, genetic susceptibility biomarkers are used to understand inter-individual differences in response to exposure and in health consequences. Novel bio- markers are being developed that utilizes molecular