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DATABASE of PROMPT GAMMA RAYS from SLOW NEUTRON CAPTURE for ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS the Following States Are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency

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$ATABASEOF0ROMPT'AMMA2AYS FROM3LOW.EUTRON#APTUREFOR %LEMENTAL!NALYSIS DATABASE OF PROMPT GAMMA RAYS FROM SLOW NEUTRON CAPTURE FOR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GREECE NORWAY ALBANIA GUATEMALA PAKISTAN ALGERIA HAITI PANAMA ANGOLA HOLY SEE PARAGUAY ARGENTINA HONDURAS PERU ARMENIA HUNGARY PHILIPPINES AUSTRALIA ICELAND POLAND AUSTRIA INDIA PORTUGAL AZERBAIJAN INDONESIA QATAR BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BELARUS IRAQ ROMANIA BELGIUM IRELAND RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELIZE ISRAEL SAUDI ARABIA BENIN ITALY SENEGAL BOLIVIA JAMAICA SERBIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SEYCHELLES BOTSWANA JORDAN SIERRA LEONE BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SINGAPORE BULGARIA KENYA SLOVAKIA BURKINA FASO KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA CAMEROON KUWAIT SOUTH AFRICA CANADA KYRGYZSTAN SPAIN CENTRAL AFRICAN LATVIA SRI LANKA REPUBLIC LEBANON SUDAN CHAD LIBERIA SWEDEN CHILE LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWITZERLAND CHINA LIECHTENSTEIN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LITHUANIA TAJIKISTAN COSTA RICA LUXEMBOURG CÔTE D’IVOIRE MADAGASCAR THAILAND CROATIA MALAWI THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CUBA MALAYSIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CYPRUS MALI TUNISIA CZECH REPUBLIC MALTA TURKEY DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA OF THE CONGO MAURITANIA UKRAINE DENMARK MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF ECUADOR MONACO GREAT BRITAIN AND EGYPT MONGOLIA NORTHERN IRELAND EL SALVADOR MONTENEGRO UNITED REPUBLIC ERITREA MOROCCO OF TANZANIA ESTONIA MOZAMBIQUE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ETHIOPIA MYANMAR URUGUAY FINLAND NAMIBIA UZBEKISTAN FRANCE NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA GABON NEW ZEALAND VIETNAM GEORGIA NICARAGUA YEMEN GERMANY NIGER ZAMBIA GHANA NIGERIA ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. DATABASE OF PROMPT GAMMA RAYS FROM SLOW NEUTRON CAPTURE FOR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2007 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Sales and Promotion, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P. O. B o x 1 0 0 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books © IAEA, 2007 Printed by the IAEA in Austria January 2007 STI/PUB/1263 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Database of prompt gamma rays from slow neutron capture for elemental analysis. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2006. p. ; 24 cm. STI/PUB/1263 ISBN 92–0–101306–X Includes bibliographical references. 1. Gamma rays. 2. Neutron beams. 3. Neutrons — Capture. 4. Neutron cross sections. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEAL 06–00466 FOREWORD The increasing importance of prompt gamma ray activation analysis (PGAA) in a broad range of applications is evident, and has been emphasized at many meetings related to this topic. Furthermore, an Advisory Group Meeting (AGM) for the Coordination of the International Network of Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Evaluators concluded that there is a need for a complete library of gamma ray and cross-section data from cold and thermal neutron capture (the AGM was held in Budapest, 14–18 October 1996); this AGM also recommended the organization of an IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on this subject. The nuclear data programmes of the IAEA arose as a consequence of the advisory reviews of the International Nuclear Data Committee (INDC). At a biennial meeting in 1997, the INDC strongly recommended that the IAEA support new measurements and update the database on the analysis of prompt gamma ray activation induced by neutrons. As a consequence of the various recommendations, a CRP, entitled Development of a Database for Prompt Gamma Ray Neutron Activation Analysis (PGAA), was initiated in 1999. Prior to this project, several consultants had defined the scope, objectives and tasks of this CRP, as approved subsequently by the IAEA. Each CRP participant assumed responsibility for the execution of specific tasks. The results of their work and of other research were discussed and approved by the participants in Research Coordination Meetings (RCMs) held in 2000, 2001 and 2003. Prompt gamma ray activation analysis is a non-destructive radioanalytical method capable of rapid or simultaneous in situ multielement analyses across the entire periodic table, from hydrogen to uranium. However, inaccurate and incomplete data have been a significant hindrance in the qualitative and quantitative analyses of complicated neutron capture gamma spectra by means of PGAA. Therefore, the main goal of the CRP was to improve the quality and quantity of the required data in order to make possible the reliable application of PGAA in fields such as materials science, chemistry, geology, mining, archaeology, the environment, food analysis and medicine. This aim was achieved due to the dedicated work and effort of the participants. The CD-ROM included with this publication contains the database, retrieval system, three RCM reports, and other important electronic documents related to the project (see also Chapter 8). The IAEA wishes to thank all CRP participants who contributed to the success of this project and to the formulation of this publication. The IAEA is grateful to R.B. Firestone for his leading role in the evolution of this CRP and for his comprehensive compilation, analysis and provision of the adopted database, and to V. Zerkin for the software developments associated with the retrieval system. An essential component of this data compilation is the extensive set of new measurements of neutron capture gamma ray energies and intensities undertaken at the Institute of Isotope and Surface Chemistry, Budapest. The IAEA is also grateful to S.C. Frankle and M.A. Lone for their active involvement as consultants at some of the meetings. The technical officer responsible for the CRP, this publication and the resulting database was R. Paviotti-Corcuera of the Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences. Contributors: Choi, H.D. Seoul National University, Republic of Korea Firestone, R.B. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States of America Lindstrom, R.M. National Institute for Standards and Technology, United States of America Molnár, G.L. Institute of Isotope and Surface Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary Mughabghab, S.F. Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States of America Paviotti-Corcuera, R. International Atomic Energy Agency Révay, Z. Institute of Isotope and Surface Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary Trkov, A. International Atomic Energy Agency Zerkin, V. International Atomic Energy Agency Zhou, Chunmei China Nuclear Data Centre, China EDITORIAL NOTE This database has been edited by the editorial staff of the IAEA to the extent considered necessary for the reader’s assistance. The views expressed remain, however, the responsibility of the named authors. In addition, the views are not necessarily those of the governments of the nominating Member States or of the nominating organizations. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained in this publication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. Material prepared by authors who are in contractual relation with governments is copyrighted by the IAEA, as publisher, only to the extent permitted by the appropriate national regulations. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION R.M. Lindstrom . 1 References to Chapter 1 . 2 CHAPTER 2. NOMENCLATURE, WESTCOTT gW FACTORS AND NEUTRON SPECTRAL SHAPE DEPENDENT FORMALISM H.D. Choi, A. Trkov . 5 2.1. Introduction. 5 2.2. Definitions and nomenclature. 5 2.2.1. Prompt k0 factors . 5 2.2.2. Elemental cross-sections . 5 2.2.3. Effective capture cross-sections . 6 2.2.4. Thermal and epithermal fluxes. 6 2.2.5. Westcott g factors . 7 2.3. Generalized formalism. 12 2.3.1. Capture rates . 12 2.3.2.
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