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Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands
Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies. -
2 the Trans New Guinea Family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström
2 The Trans New Guinea family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström 2.1 Introduction The island of New Guinea is a region of spectacular, deep linguistic diversity.1 It contains roughly 850 languages, which on present evidence fall into at least 18 language families that are not demonstrably related, along with several iso- lates.2 This immense diversity, far greater than that found in the much larger area of Europe, is no doubt mainly a consequence of the fact that New Guinea has been occupied for roughly 50,000 years by peoples organised into small kin-based social groups, lacking overarching political affiliations, and dispersed across a terrain largely dominated by rugged mountains and swampy lowlands, with quite frequent population movements. Among the non-Austronesian families of New Guinea one family stands out for its large membership and wide geographic spread: Trans New Guinea (TNG). With a probable membership of between 300 and 500 discrete languages, plus hundreds of highly divergent dialects, TNG is among the most numerous of the world’s language families.3 TNG languages are spoken from the Bomberai Pen- insula at the western end of mainland New Guinea (132 degrees E) almost to the eastern tip of the island (150 degrees E). Most of the cordillera that runs for more than 2000 kilometers along the centre of New Guinea is occupied exclusively by TNG languages. They are also prominent in much of the lowlands to the south of the cordillera and in patches to the north, especially from central Madang Province eastwards. There are possible outliers spoken on Timor, Alor and Pantar. -
2 the Trans New Guinea Family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström
2 The Trans New Guinea family Andrew Pawley and Harald Hammarström 2.1 Introduction The island of New Guinea is a region of spectacular, deep linguistic diversity.1 It contains roughly 850 languages, which on present evidence fall into at least 18 language families that are not demonstrably related, along with several iso- lates.2 This immense diversity, far greater than that found in the much larger area of Europe, is no doubt mainly a consequence of the fact that New Guinea has been occupied for roughly 50,000 years by peoples organised into small kin-based social groups, lacking overarching political affiliations, and dispersed across a terrain largely dominated by rugged mountains and swampy lowlands, with quite frequent population movements. Among the non-Austronesian families of New Guinea one family stands out for its large membership and wide geographic spread: Trans New Guinea (TNG). With a probable membership of between 300 and 500 discrete languages, plus hundreds of highly divergent dialects, TNG is among the most numerous of the world’s language families.3 TNG languages are spoken from the Bomberai Pen- insula at the western end of mainland New Guinea (132 degrees E) almost to the eastern tip of the island (150 degrees E). Most of the cordillera that runs for more than 2000 kilometers along the centre of New Guinea is occupied exclusively by TNG languages. They are also prominent in much of the lowlands to the south of the cordillera and in patches to the north, especially from central Madang Province eastwards. There are possible outliers spoken on Timor, Alor and Pantar. -
Online Appendix To
Online Appendix to Hammarström, Harald & Sebastian Nordhoff. (2012) The languages of Melanesia: Quantifying the level of coverage. In Nicholas Evans & Marian Klamer (eds.), Melanesian Languages on the Edge of Asia: Challenges for the 21st Century (Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication 5), 13-34. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ’Are’are [alu] < Austronesian, Nuclear Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo- Polynesian, Oceanic, Southeast Solomonic, Longgu-Malaita- Makira, Malaita-Makira, Malaita, Southern Malaita Geerts, P. 1970. ’Are’are dictionary (Pacific Linguistics: Series C 14). Canberra: The Australian National University [dictionary 185 pp.] Ivens, W. G. 1931b. A Vocabulary of the Language of Marau Sound, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies VI. 963–1002 [grammar sketch] Tryon, Darrell T. & B. D. Hackman. 1983. Solomon Islands Languages: An Internal Classification (Pacific Linguistics: Series C 72). Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. Bibliography: p. 483-490 [overview, comparative, wordlist viii+490 pp.] ’Auhelawa [kud] < Austronesian, Nuclear Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo- Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic linkage, Papuan Tip linkage, Nuclear Papuan Tip linkage, Suauic unknown, A. (2004 [1983?]). Organised phonology data: Auhelawa language [kud] milne bay province http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/abstract.asp?id=49613 1 Lithgow, David. 1987. Language change and relationships in Tubetube and adjacent languages. In Donald C. Laycock & Werner Winter (eds.), A world of language: Papers presented to Professor S. A. Wurm on his 65th birthday (Pacific Linguistics: Series C 100), 393-410. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University [overview, comparative, wordlist] Lithgow, David. -
Dissertation Final
Ending War: Colonial Processes of Pacification and the Elimination of Warfare in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea Dissertation of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Lucerne handed in by: Tobias Schwörer Accepted on March 21st, 2016 on request by: Prof. Dr. Jürg Helbling, First Supervisor Prof. Dr. Paul “Jim” Roscoe, Second Supervisor Lucerne, 2020 DOI: Lucerne Open Repository [LORY]: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716138 This work is licenced under a Creative Commons Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Ending War iii Abstract Pacification denotes a process whereby a state attends to extend its monopoly of violence onto politically autonomous groups outside its sphere of control and thereby curtails any further collective violence between those groups and armed resistance against the imposition of state control. In this thesis, I look at colonial processes of pacification in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea and establish the causal mechanisms that lead to the elimination of indigenous warfare between the late 1940s and the mid-1960s. I not only document and analyse these processes in detail, but also develop a methodological and analytical toolkit to compare processes of pacification in general, and an encompassing theoretical framework to explain the gradual but ultimately successful transition to a colonially induced peace. Using a combination of documentary and archival sources from the colonial administration, published ethnographic information and own fieldwork data, oral history interviews with villagers in the Eastern Highlands as well as former colonial officers, I trace in detail the complex circumstances and preconditions of the processes of pacification. -
Morphology Or Syntax: the Two Types of Non-Agreeing Verb
Morphology or syntax: The two types of non-agreeing verb Glenn Windschuttel University of Newcastle, Australia Proceedings of the LFG’19 Conference Australian National University Miriam Butt, Tracy Holloway King, Ida Toivonen (Editors) 2019 CSLI Publications pages 334–352 http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/LFG/2019 Keywords: agreement, sporadic agreement, non-agreeing, morphology, syntax, ob- jects Windschuttel, Glenn. 2019. Morphology or syntax: The two types of non-agreeing verb. In Butt, Miriam, King, Tracy Holloway, & Toivonen, Ida (Eds.), Proceedings of the LFG’19 Conference, Australian National University, 334–352. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. Sporadic verb agreement, that is, where some verbs show agreement and others do not, is not a common feature of languages around the world, especially if lexical (Fedden 2019, Windschuttel 2019a). Where it affects objects, there are two types. In the first type, there are other syntactic differences between the verbs and their objects, not just agreement. Dahlstrom (2009) analysed this as a difference in the grammatical functions they subcategorise for, OBJ where indexed and OBJθ where unindexed. The other type cannot be reconciled to this analysis, the difference in agreement behaviour having no wider syntactic significance. Instead, morphology is the only difference. These two types, morphological and syntactic, parallel the distinction between morphological and syntactic ergativity both in behaviour and analysis. 1 Introduction1 Sporadic agreement was coined by Corbett (2006:17) to describe the situation where agreement only appears on a proper subset of the target wordclass.2 Very little has been written about this wider phenomenon under this name (a search reveals only a number of conference presentations by Fedden 2017, 2017a, 2017b and a chapter, Fedden 2019). -
Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea) – Language Snapshot
Language Documentation and Description ISSN 1740-6234 ___________________________________________ This article appears in: Language Documentation and Description, vol 17. Editor: Peter K. Austin Binumarien (Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea) – Language Snapshot RENGER VAN DASSELAAR Cite this article: van Dasselaar, Renger. 2020. Binumarien (Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea) – Language Snapshot. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description 17, 111-117. London: EL Publishing. Link to this article: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/186 This electronic version first published: July 2020 __________________________________________________ This article is published under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). The licence permits users to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article provided that the author is attributed as the original creator and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes i.e. research or educational use. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing For more EL Publishing articles and services: Website: http://www.elpublishing.org Submissions: http://www.elpublishing.org/submissions Binumarien, (Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea) – Language Snapshot Renger van Dasselaar Leiden University Language Name: Afaqinna ufa (ethnonym), Binumarien (exonym) Language Family: Kainantu, Trans New Guinea ISO 639-3 Code: bjr Glottolog Code: binu1245 Population: 1,200 (self-reported in 2018) Location: -6.2895, 146.0892 Vitality rating: EGIDS 6a Summary Binumarien is a Papuan language spoken by an ethnic group of the same name in the Kainantu District of the Eastern Highlands Province in Papua New Guinea. According to local estimates, the language has approximately 1,200 speakers. The Binumarien language is spoken in one village with this name.