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Heteroptera: Tingidae) * Lace Bug Genera of the World, I: Introduction, Subfamily Cantacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) RICHARD C. FROESCHNER m i SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 574 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. I. Michael Heyman Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 574 Lace Bug Genera of the World, I: Introduction, Subfamily Cantacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) Richard C. Froeschner SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1996 ABSTRACT Froeschner, Richard C. Lace Bug Genera of the World, I: Introduction, Subfamily Cantacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 574,43 pages, 39 figures, 1 table, 1996.—Included is an outline of adult taxonomic anatomy, a key to the two subfamilies .Cantacaderinae Stal and Tinginae Laporte (acceptance of separate family status for the Vianaididae excludes them from this publication), a key to the two tribes of Cantacaderinae: Cantacaderini Stal and Phatnomatini Drake and Davis, and keys to the 10 genera of the tribe Cantacaderini and 26 genera of the tribe Phatnomatini. Each genus is diagnosed, depicted in a dorsal habitus drawing of its type species, and accompanied by a list of currently included species with additions and changes published subsequent to the Drake and Ruhoff (1965) catalog. Where practical at this time, a key to the species within some of the genera is offered. Fossil forms are excluded except for three fossil species cataloged in modern genera: For two species of the Cantacaderini genus Cantacader, the new genus Paleocader is proposed with the new combinations Paleocader avitus (Drake) (type species) and P. quinquecarinatus (Germar and Berendt); the Phatnomatini species Phatnoma baltica Drake is transferred to the new combination Sinalda baltica. In the tribe Cantacaderini, the following generic changes have been made since the Drake and Ruhoff (1965a) catalog: increase from five genera to 10; present transfer of the genus Carldrakeana Froeschner from the tribe Phatnomatini; description of the new genus Paleocader for two fossil species (see paragraph above); and earlier transfers into Cantacaderini from Phatnomatini of Cyperobia Bergroth, Pseudophatnoma Blote, and Stenocader Drake and Hambleton. For genera within the Cantacaderini keys to two species of Allocader Drake, three species of Carldrakeana, two species of Ceratocader Drake, and two species of Pseudophat- noma are provided herein. In the tribe Phatnomatini generic changes since the Drake and Ruhoff catalog are as follows: herein description of two new genera, Etesinalda for type and only species, E. laticosta, new species, from the Island of Sao Tome and Exulmus for Ulmus engaeus Drake and Ruhoff, type and only species, with new combination Exulmus engaeus; two genera described elsewhere by Froeschner, Carldrakeana, Distocader; eight by Pericart, Daillea, Indocader, Microcader, Phatnomella, Pseudacalypta, Pullocader, Taphnoma, Thaicader; one by Stusak, Phatnocader; three genera transferred to Cantacaderini (see above); redefinition of Gonycentrum Bergroth, with Sinalda Distant elevated from synonymy; Minitingis Barber elevated from synonymy; and Phatnoma baltica Drake herein transferred to genus Sinalda. Within the tribe Phatnomatini keys to two species of Eocader Drake and Hambleton, two species of Gonycentrum Bergroth, two species of Indocader, three species of Microcader, two species of Minitingis Barber, four species of Plesionoma Drake, four species of Taphnoma, three species of Ulmus Distant, two species of Zetekella Drake are provided herein. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Froeschner, Richard C. Lace bug genera of the world / Richard C. Froeschner. p. cm.—-{Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 574) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. Contents: I. Introduction, Subfamily Cantacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) I. Title. II. Series. QLI.S54 no. 574 [QL523.T5] 591 s-dc20 [595.7'54] 95-5558 CIP ® The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984. Contents Page Introduction 1 Outline of Taxonomic Anatomy 1 Acknowledgments 3 Family TlNGlDAE Laporte 4 Key to Subfamilies of Tingidae 4 Subfamily CANTACADERINAE Stal 4 Key to Tribes of Cantacaderinae 4 Tribe CANTACADERINI Stal 5 Key to Genera of Cantacaderini 6 Genus Allocader Drake 7 Key to Allocader Species 7 Genus Cantacader Amyot and Serville 8 Genus Carldrakeana Froeschner, new tribal assignment 9 Key to Carldrakeana Species 10 Genus Ceratocader Drake 10 Key to Ceratocader Species 10 Genus Cyperobia Bergroth 11 Genus Nectocader Drake 12 Genus Paleocader, new genus (fossil) 13 Paleocader avitus (Drake), new combination 14 Paleocader quinquecarinatus (Germar and Berendt), new combination ... 14 Genus Pseudophatnoma Blote 15 Key to Pseudophatnoma Species 16 Genus Stenocader Drake and Hambleton 16 Genus Teratocader Drake 16 Tribe PHATNOMATINI Drake and Davis 17 Key to Genera of Phatnomatini 17 Genus Alloeoderes Drake 19 Genus Angiocader Drake 20 Genus Astolophos Distant 20 Genus Cnemiandrus Distant 21 Genus Cyclotynaspis Montandon 21 Genus Daillea Pericart 22 Genus Distocader Froeschner 22 Genus Eocader Drake and Hambleton 23 Key to Eocader Species 23 Genus Etesinalda, new genus 24 Etesinalda laticosta, new species 24 Genus Exulmus, new genus 25 Genus Gonycentrum Bergroth 25 Key to Gonycentrum Species 26 Genus Indocader Pericart 26 Key to Indocader Species 27 Genus Microcader Pericart 27 Key to Microcader Species 28 in iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Genus Minitingis Barber 28 Key to Minitingis Species 29 Genus Oranoma Drake 29 Genus Phdtnocader Stusak 29 Genus Phatnoma Fieber 30 Genus Phatnomella Pericart 31 Key to Phatnomella Species 32 Genus Plesionoma Drake 32 Key to Plesionoma Species 33 Genus Pseudacalypta Pericart 33 Genus Pullocader Pericart 33 Genus Sinalda Distant 34 Genus Taphnoma Pericart 35 Key to Taphnoma Species 35 Genus Thaicader Pericart 36 Genus Ulmus Distant 36 Key to Ulmus Species 37 Genus Zetekella Drake 37 Key to Zetekella Species 38 Literature Cited 39 Index 42 Lace Bug Genera of the World, I: Introduction, Subfamily Cantacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) Richard C. Froeschner Introduction incorporated with appropriate citations, and subsequently Effective communication, in science as in everyday activi- described taxa are added. Where practical at this time, keys to ties, depends on general acceptance of the meaning of species of many of the genera are appended. words—their definitions. One of the main aims of the present Numerous fossil tingids have been described, "more than offering is to establish certain definitions so that all students of 160" according to Bekker-Migdisova (1962:302). No effort lace bugs may have a common point of departure for their was made to include them comprehensively in this study, but because 3 fossil forms were cataloged in modern genera by studies. Admittedly, some of these presently proposed points Drake and Ruhoff (1965a) it was necessary to consider them: will need changing, but that admission is neither a new caution Cantacader avitus Drake and Cantacader quinquecarinatus nor a reason to avoid making them, for they are formulated only (Germar and Berendt) are transferred to the new genus on the evidences at hand; as more evidences accumulate, those Paleocader; Phatnoma baltica Drake is transferred to the points can be reappraised. genus Sinalda Distant. The extent of the taxon encompassing the lace bugs
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