Pedestrian Safety Is Everyone's Responsibility
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Pedestrian Crossing Treatments
PEDESTRIAN CROSSING TREATMENTS BEST PRACTICES Presented by: Doug Enderson, P.E., PTOE Cody Salo, P.E. 1 PRESENTER INTRODUCTIONS Doug Enderson, P.E., PTOE Cody Salo, P.E. Ped Crossing Experience: Ped Crossing Experience: • ADA Design-Build • RRFB • ADA Inventory & Retrofit • HAWK • RRFB • Accessible Signal Upgrades • HAWK • ADA Transition Plans • Equestrian Signal Design • Pedestrian Bridges • Accessible Signal Upgrades • Bulb-Outs • Bulb-Outs • ADA Training • Shared Use Paths • Shared Use Paths 2 THE AGENDA 1. Regulations & Policies 2. Pedestrian Crossing Elements 3. Crossing Treatments 4. Funding Options 5. Questions DISCLAIMER IMAGES, PROJECTS, and EXAMPLES have been sourced from many various locations/entities. WE ARE NOT CLAIMING THESE AS OUR OWN! 3 REGULATIONS & POLICY Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) ! National standards governing all traffic control devices ! Two revisions accepted in 2012 ! Ensures uniformity of TC devices 4 REGULATIONS & POLICY Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1990 ! Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability by public entities (Title II). ! All publicly-owned intersections/facilities must comply with: " Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) (Title III) Entities may choose to comply with… " Public Rights-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG) 5 REGULATIONS & POLICY A public entity shall: Evaluate its current services, policies,and practices, and the effects thereof, that do not or may not meet the“ requirements“ …Identify physical obstacles in the public -
Pedestrian Crossings: Uncontrolled Locations
Pedestrian Crossings: Uncontrolled Locations CENTER FOR TRANSPORTATION STUDIES Pedestrian Crossings: Uncontrolled Locations June 2014 Published By Minnesota Local Road Research Board (LRRB) Web: www.lrrb.org MnDOT Office of Maintenance MnDOT Research Services Section MS 330, 395 John Ireland Blvd. St. Paul, Minnesota 55155 Phone: 651-366-3780 Fax: 651-366-3789 E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements The financial and logistical support provided by the Minnesota Local DATA COLLECTION Road Research Board, the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), and the Minnesota Local Technical Assistance Program John Hourdos and Stephen Zitzow, University of Minnesota (LTAP) at the Center for Transportation Studies (CTS), University of PRODUCTION Minnesota for this work is greatly acknowledged. Research, Development, and Writing: Bryan Nemeth, Ross Tillman, The procedures presented in this report were developed based on infor- Jeremy Melquist, and Ashley Hudson, Bolton & Menk, Inc. mation from previously published research studies and reports and newly collected field data. Editing: Christine Anderson, CTS The authors would also like to thank the following individuals and orga- Graphic Design: Abbey Kleinert and Cadie Wright Adikhary, CTS, and nizations for their contributions to this document. David Breiter, Bolton & Menk, Inc. TECHNICAL ADVISORY PANEL MEMBERS Tony Winiecki , Scott County Pete Lemke, Hennepin County Kate Miner, Carver County Tim Plath, City of Eagan Mitch Rasmussen, Scott County Jason Pieper, Hennepin County Mitch Bartelt, MnDOT This material was developed by Bolton & Menk, Inc., in coordination with the Minne- Melissa Barnes, MnDOT sota Local Road Research Board for use by practitioners. Under no circumstances shall Tim Mitchell, MnDOT this guidebook be sold by third parties for profit. -
The Effects of Roundabouts on Pedestrian Safety
The Effects of Roundabouts on Pedestrian Safety Prepared for The Southeastern Transportation Center University of Tennessee – Knoxville Knoxville, Tennessee Prepared by John R. Stone, Ph.D KoSok Chae & Sirisha Pillalamarri Department of Civil Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-7908 Funded by The Southeastern Transportation Center With a Grant from The University Transportation Centers Program U.S. Department of Transportation August 2002 NCSU Preface This project examines the safety aspects of modern roundabouts with respect to pedestrians. Since the emergence of modern roundabouts in the US, safety has been recognized as a major concern for the effectiveness of roundabout performance. Pedestrians may be more prone to unsafe crossings at roundabouts due to new geometries, signalization (or lack of it), right of way assignments for pedestrians and vehicles, and visual and auditory cues. This project documents case study, statistical, and simulation analyses regarding pedestrian safety at roundabouts. The results suggest that roundabouts are safe with respect to pedestrians. This report includes the following topics: • literature review summarizing international and US experience with roundabouts and pedestrians, • alternative research approaches, • case study analysis of a candidate roundabout intersection in Raleigh, NC, • statistical analysis for pedestrian crashes at the case study intersection, and • simulation of the case study intersection vehicle and pedestrian movements with the original intersection and with the candidate roundabout. Copies of the report are available from the Southeastern Transportation Center, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. We hope that the results of this research will continue to prove valuable to the roundabout community. i NCSU Acknowledgements The faculty and students who worked on this project gratefully appreciate the financial support of a “seed grant” from the Southeastern Transportation Center at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville under the auspices of the USDOT University Centers Program. -
PLANNING and DESIGNING for PEDESTRIANS Table of Contents
PLANNING AND DESIGNING FOR PEDESTRIANS Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary ................................................................1 1.1 Scope of Guidelines.............................................................................. 2 1.2 How the Pedestrian-Oriented Design Guidelines Can be Used........ 5 1.3 How to Use the Chapters and Who Should Use Them ...................... 6 2. Pedestrian Primer ...................................................................9 2.1 What is Pedestrian-Oriented Design? ................................................. 9 2.2 Link Between Land Use and Transportation Decisions .................. 10 2.3 Elements of a Walkable Environment ............................................... 11 2.4 What Kind of Street Do You Have and What Kind Do You Want?... 12 2.4.1 "Linear" and "Nodal" Structures .......................................................................... 12 2.4.2 Interconnected or Isolated Streets ....................................................................... 14 2.4.3 Street Rhythm......................................................................................................... 15 2.4.4 "Seams" and "Dividers" ........................................................................................ 16 3. Community Structure and Transportation Planning.........17 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 17 3.2 Land Use Types and Organization..................................................... 18 -
Won't Crosswalks Make It Safer to Cross Streets?
About Cross Walks: Won’t Crosswalks make it safer to cross streets? A crosswalk is that area of a roadway where pedestrians have the right of way. Crosswalks may be “marked” or “unmarked”. A “marked crosswalk” is any crosswalk which is delineated by painted markings placed on the pavement. All other crosswalk locations are therefore “unmarked”. Under the Arizona Law, crosswalks exist at all intersections, extending across the street from the corner curbs, or on other parts of the street designated as pedestrian crossing locations by the painted lines, unless signed otherwise. Arizona State law states the following in ARS 28-793. Crossing at other than crosswalk A. A pedestrian crossing a roadway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles on the roadway. B. A pedestrian crossing a roadway at a point where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing has been provided shall yield the right-of- way to all vehicles on the roadway. C. Between adjacent intersections at which traffic control signals are in operation, pedestrians shall not cross at any place except in a marked crosswalk. Q: Are marked crosswalks safer than unmarked crosswalks? A: The City of San Diego conducted a study on the issue in the 1970's, and the report conclusions are often cited as the first comprehensive study of crosswalk safety. Investigators in San Diego observed over 400 intersections during a five-year study period. The results demonstrated that during the five- year period, 177 pedestrians were hit in 400 marked crosswalks compared to 31 pedestrians hit in 400 corresponding unmarked crosswalks. -
On-Street Pedestrian Surveys of Pedestrian Crossing Treatments
Fitzpatrick, Ullman, Trout 1 On-Street Pedestrian Surveys of Pedestrian Crossing Treatments Kay Fitzpatrick Research Engineer Texas Transportation Institute, 3135 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-3135 phone: 979/845-7321, fax: 979/845-6481 email: [email protected] Brooke Ullman Associate Transportation Researcher Texas Transportation Institute, 3135 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-3135 phone: 979/ 862-6636, fax: 845-6001 email: [email protected] and Nada Trout Assistant Research Scientist Texas Transportation Institute, 3135 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-3135 phone: 979/845-5690, fax: 979/ 845-6006 email: [email protected] Prepared For Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Words: 5199 + 3*250 (tables) + 6*250 (figures) = 7449 words November 2003 TRB 2004 Annual Meeting CD-ROM Paper revised from original submittal. Fitzpatrick, Ullman, Trout 2 ABSTRACT On-street pedestrian surveys were used to obtain the perspectives of pedestrians with regards to their experiences and needs at pedestrian crossing locations. Seven sites with five different treatments were ultimately selected for study. These treatments consisted of two marked crosswalk treatments, an in-roadway warning light treatment, a Hawk treatment, two Split Midblock Signal treatments, and a countdown pedestrian signal treatment at a signalized intersection. The survey was administered at the selected locations where pedestrians could be approached after they crossed at the study site. It was found through this study that as the control at a pedestrian crossing increases through the addition of signs, flashing lights, and/or signals, the pedestrians’ perception of safety also increases. Based on the responses of the survey participants, the factors that have the greatest influence on the pedestrian responses were: traffic volume, turning traffic, presence of disabled pedestrians, traffic speed, and the availability of an alternate crossing. -
Mn Mutcd-2B 2014
Chapter 2B. REGULATORY SIGNS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 2B. Regulatory Signs Page Section 2B.1 Application of Regulatory Signs . 2B-1 2B.2 Design of Regulatory Signs . 2B-1 2B.3 Size of Regulatory Signs . 2B-1 2B.4 Right-of-Way at Intersections . 2B-7 2B.5 STOP Sign (R1-1) and ALL WAY Plaque (R1-3P) . 2B-8 2B.6 STOP Sign Applications . 2B-9 2B.7 Multi-Way Stop Applications . 2B-9 2B.8 YIELD Sign (R1-2) . 2B-10 2B.9 YIELD Sign Applications . 2B-10 2B.10 STOP Sign or YIELD Sign Placement . 2B-10 2B.11 Stop Here For Pedestrian Signs (R1-5 Series) . 2B-11 2B.12 In-Street Pedestrian Crossing Signs (R1-6a, R1-6b,R1-9a, and R1-9b) . 2B-12 6 . v e R 2B.13 Speed Limit Sign (R2-1) . 2B-14 N 2B.13.1 Bridge Speed Limit Sign (R2-X5) . 2B-16 M 6 . v e 2B.14 Truck Speed Limit Sign (R2-2P) . 2B-16 R N 2B.15 Night Speed Limit Sign (R2-3P) . 2B-16 M 2B.16 Minimum Speed Limit Sign (R2-4P) . 2B-17 2B.16.1 This section has been eliminated 3 . 2B.16.2 End Work Speed Zone Sign (R2-6c) . 2B-17 v e R N 2B.17 Higher Fines Signs and Plaque (R2-6P, R2-10, and R2-11) . 2B-17 M 2B.18 Movement Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4, R3-18, and R3-27) . 2B-18 2B.19 Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-5 through R3-8) . -
Neighborhood Road Design Guidebook a Massachusetts Guide to Sustainable Design for Neighborhood Roads
NEIGHBORHOOD ROAD DESIGN GUIDEBOOK A MASSACHUSETTS GUIDE TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FOR NEIGHBORHOOD ROADS A joint project of the Massachusetts Chapter of the American Planning Association Home Builders Association of Massachusetts Prepared for the Citizen Planner’s Training Collaborative March 14, 2012 Overview 2 1. Why a new Guidebook now? 2. Who will use this? 3. What is the general approach 4. Examples of recommended design standards 5. Cross Sections 6. Implementation Why Now? 3 1. Road design for whom? 2. Change in vehicle types 3. What is a win-win approach? 4. Length of time to change rules and regulations Why a new Guide now? 4 Massachusetts guide for Neighborhood Roads to create model guidelines and match local settings. This is called “context sensitive” design. Other road design manuals don’t get at local streets very well Who might use the Guidebook? 5 There are many “actors” in Transportation Design Engineers and designers (private and public sectors) Applicants who are building new infrastructure as part of their projects; Planning Directors/Planners; Planning Boards, Board of Selectmen, Fire and Emergency Service providers; Regional Planning Associations – link to state funding and state projects; Abutters; Land use and environmental advocates; and Finally –build roads that benefit the USERS What kind of Guidebook? 6 Project Goals Reduce environmental impacts of roadway development, operation and maintenance; Encourage Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS) in residential roadway design; Provide specific guidelines and references for municipal application; Promote innovative techniques for stormwater management; and Reduce maintenance costs of roadways and stormwater systems. What kind of Guidebook? 7 Project Goals (contin.) Encourage consistency in approach and rationale in residential roadway design across Massachusetts; Promote inter-connectivity of roads; Promote pedestrian and non- motorized access; Promote universal accessibility; and Provide guidance for the design of neighborhood scale residential roads. -
Highway Safety Act of 1973
* * PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY STUDY Highway Safety Act of 1973 * (Section 214) Of T t ^. STATES Of a^ * MARCH 1975 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY * ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20590 * PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY STUDY Highway Safety Act of 1973 (Section 214) MARCH 1975 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20590 CONTENTS Page SECTION I: SYNOPSIS A. Introduction .............................................. 1 B. Executive Summary ......................................... 2 C. Background .............................................. 4 D. Study Methodology ......................................... 7 E. Congressional Recommendations ................................ 12 SECTION II: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY Introduction .............................................. 13 A. Review and Evaluation of State and Local Ordinances, Regulations, and Laws Pertaining to Pedestrian Safety .................................. 14 B. Review and Evaluation of Enforcement Policies, Procedures, Methods, Practices and Capabilities for Enforcing Pedestrian Rules ................ 35 C. Relationship Between Alcohol and Pedestrian Safety ................... 36 D. Evaluation of Ways and Means of Improving Pedestrian Safety Programs ...... 43 E. Analysis of Present Funding Allocation of Pedestrian Safety Programs and an Assessment of the Capabilities of Federal, State and Local Governments to Fund Such Activities and Programs .................... 45 F. Findings ................................................59 -
Pedestrian Safety and Vulnerable Road Users Toolkit
Pedestrian Safety and Vulnerable Road Users Toolkit January 2020 AE O RSORTAO ERTE O ELTH 1 Table of Contents Introduction Data Themes School Zones Accessible Design Towns Media Law Enforcement Infrastructure Special Situations FAQ Additional Resources Pedestrian Safety and Vulnerable Road User Toolkit January 2020 2 Introduction This toolkit is designed to help communities take action to improve the safety of Vermonters using our roadways. Municipal organizations, law enforcement, schools, reporters and community members all have a role to play in making their communities a safe place to walk for residents and visitors alike. Purpose of this toolkit is to provide clear action steps for implementing manageable, affordable, and impactful changes in Vermont communities to increase the access and safety of all road users. Communities can feel stuck determining what changes they can make to get the best return on investment or what residents can agree on. Investments in walking result in many additional benefits, and do not have to be expensive. In 2017 in Vermont there were 9 people killed and 133 people who visited the emergency department or were hospitalized as a result of being struck by a motor vehicle while walking. Nationally, there were 6,075 people killed while walking and over 142,000 injuries where someone accessed emergency department or hospital care in 2017. Why walking? Walking is a great way to get around, connect with your community, stay physically active, improve your overall health and wellbeing, and reduce carbon emissions. In some areas, it can be faster to walk or bike because of traffic congestion and limited parking availability. -
Residential Street Standards & Neighborhood Traffic Control
Residential Street Standards & Neighborhood Traffic Control: A Survey of Cities' Practices and Public Officials' Attitudes Eran Ben-Joseph Institute of Urban and Regional Planning University of California at Berkeley Abstract The failure of the local street system to provide livability and safety in the residential environment can be seen in the application of neighborhood traffic management programs by local authorities to mitigate traffic problems. In order to further identify the extent of the conflict associated with "livability" and geometrical design of residential street, the following issues are examined: (1) Existing and proposed residential streets standards and regulations as practiced by various cities and their evaluation by public and city officials. (2) Traffic problems associated with residential streets and their mitigation through traffic management and control programs. Data are collected from Public Works and Traffic Engineering Departments of 56 Californian cities and 19 cities nation-wide. The findings show that most cities are still adhering to published street standards as recommended by different professional and federal organizations. Although some city officials see the need to amend certain aspects of their regulations and create a more flexible framework for street design, most of them believe that the current practice is satisfactory. Yet, the extant of residents' complaints about traffic problems on their streets might indicate an inconsistency between professional practice, as manifested in street design, and its actual performance as experienced by the residents. This can also be seen in the application of traffic control devices used by local authorities to mitigate these problems of which the most common are the installation of speed humps and 4-way stop signs. -
Walking Journey: Art and Montage in Three Walks Irena WEBER
Walking Journey: Art and Montage in Three Walks Irena WEBER University of Primorska Abstract Walking as a scholarly subject and artistic practice has gathered significant attention in a past decade. Drawing on work of Walter Benjamin and contemporary walking art practices, the paper attempts to present a montage of Three Walks. It takes you on a journey through fragments of modernity in Berlin and Paris, the Great Wall Walk in China, and the student performance on the pedestrian bridge in Ljubljana. Keywords: walking journey, art, Denkbild, montage, Walter Benjamin, flâneur, Marina Abramović & Ulay, performance, the Great Wall of China PROLOGUE: BERLIN-PARIS Heading east, waiting for a train on the platform of U7 Gneisenaustraße station, I was re-bouncing in my head the conference presentation due the next day. There was no mention of Benjamin in my abstract, so I was trying to figure out just how much of him I should include, given twenty minutes. This was Ber- lin, how could I not include him? Slowly moving along the platform and walking aimlessly, I finally stopped at the newspaper kiosk. While scanning the contents absentmindedly, the green cover of the latest issue of the Philosophie Magazin caught my eye. With the front cover featuring a forest path, tall trees with a sole figure, and the large title WANDERN. Sure enough, there it was—Flanieren mit Benjamin (Strolling with Benjamin) was etched in white on green (Fig. 1). One of those serendipitous moments that calls for a smile and sets the course. 116 Figure 1. The summer 2018 special issue of Philosophie Magazin in Berlin, Germany.