THE 193B ELECTION in SOUTH DAKOTA John E. Miller Election

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

THE 193B ELECTION in SOUTH DAKOTA John E. Miller Election McCARTHYISM BEFORE McCARTHY: THE 193B ELECTION IN SOUTH DAKOTA 3B by JOhn E. Miller 'TIER 22 Election campaigns illuminClte not only public problems Clnd VEST 27 is sues; they Cllso lay bare the private fantasies and frustrations of peo­ ple and provide clues to the symbolic mental environments within which they operate. Campaigns are cultural as well as political processes • •ND The rewards they offer are symbolic as well as tangible, elusive and 37 ambivalent as well as concrete and direct. While there Is utility in Harold Lasswell's model which states that politics determines "who gets whClt, when, how," 1 much CCln be gClined by conceiving of politics as a process involving the manipulation of symbols, the working out of justifications Clnd rationales for public actions, and the development of relatively consistent ideologies useful for explaining stands on issues Cl nd estClblishing group identifications. 2 story at South Dakota St2te lolitical history but <'lc:nita to After the First World War, Western intellectuals grew increasingly :ory. His present interest is sophisticated about the processes by which people acquired their ideas It Plains during the twentieth and the manner in which political rhetoric and propaganda could be put to use in thro service of pClrtisan causes. Walter Lippmann, in Public Opin­ ion, a p2th-brcaking work published in 1922, stated that it was "clear It Patton Junior High School enough that under certain conditions men respond as powerfully to fic­ 15 in genealogy and family tions as they do to realities, and that in many cases they help to create from old family pa;Jers and thc very fictions to which they respond." He went on to observe that "no successful leader has ever been too busy to cultivate the symbols which organize his following." They establish unity, he said, and . of English at Wichita Stdte therefore they "have been cherished by leaders, many of whom were L9th century prairie writers themselves unbelievers, because they were focal points where differences ,c has published articles in merged." In addition, leaders realize that symbols can be used to move the Kansas Writing Project. a crowd. "In the symbol emotion is discharaed at a common target, and the idiosyncrasy of real ideas blotted out. ,,1 . of History at the Dyson Us research is in political Hitler's rise to power demonstrated how easily publics could be ~ Bulletin of the Missouri manipulated. During the twenties, discus sion of Freud's theories under­ ~ Presidential Studies Quarterly. girded the notion that hnman nature is essentially iITi',tional. During the ;, N.Y. thirties, propaganda analysis attracted widespread 1lttention while se­ mantics grew in influence, Books such as Stuart Chase's The Tyranny gJ Words (193B), which introd"lced general iOudiences to the insights of scmanticists such as Alfred Korzybski and I. A. Richards, and the widely popular books of Thurman Arnold, The Symbols,2f Government (1935) and The Folklore of Capitalism (1937), helped convert what had been a minor academic specialty into a widely discussed topic. 4 The New Deal challenged many traditions and shibboleths of American capitalism while il welter of new federal agencies performed .. ---­ i 1 2 the much ne"'ded task of shoring up its foundations. There were many, however, who believed that Roosevelt and hie brain trusters were under­ mining everything dear to American society and that they were leading the country toward Communism or fasc13ffi. These fears, exaggerated as the~' were, were undoubtedly real in the minds of many Americans, and it re­ quired little imagining on their parts to give credence to stories and rumors circulating about Communists in government offices "'nd treason in high places. 5 In recent years historians hove demollshed the notion that Mc­ Carthyism emerged full-blown on February 9,1950, in Wheeling, West Virginia, when Wisconsin's junior SenCltor told a Republican women's club that he had a list of 205 card-carrying Communists who were in the employ of the State Department. 6 South Dakota history provides further evidence of how anti-communism was utilized for partisan political ends during the years before 1950. In 1932, South Dakotans, suffering from unprecedented problems of unemployment, drouth, and low fann prices, deserted tradition and returned Domocratic maJori.ties in the presidential, congres:;;ional, guber­ natorial, ,md legislative faces. The social and political uphe<lval of the decade polarized voters, who lined up with the New Deal or against it, on the side of labor or the M<lin Street businessm<ln. 7 As in m<lny other st<ltes, the election of 1938 in South Dakot<l culmin<lted a long series of ideologic<lJ battles. After six years of Demo­ CT<ltie rule in Washington, the sit-down strikes, court paCKing, an cJ\ec­ utive reorganization bill conservatives denounced <IS dictatorial, and Roosevelt's unsuccessful "purge" of the Democratic party, the ejection drew out conservatives of all types who cO<llesced to vent their frustra­ tions against liberal New Deal policies. 8 That year Karl Mundt first went to Congress, where he built a reputation as an outspoken anti­ communist over the next 34 years. His succe:;;s and that of his Republi­ can colleagues came at thE' expense of Democr"'tic candidates who were sme",rcd <IS being radical and communistic, The election thus provides a case study of McCarthyism befOre McCarthy--an election in which candidates were recklessly accused of communistic leanings in order to discredit them. Heading the Republican ticket in 1938 was Chan Gurney, <3 Yank­ ton husinessman wflO defeated GOvernor Leslie Jensen in the RepubJ1c-an Senatorial primary, Jensen's decision to try for the Senatl? opened the way for state party chairman Harlan J. Bushfield to run lor the governor­ ship. The popular and staunchly consen'alive attorney from Miller de­ feoted Sioux Falls ilttomey Blaine Simons, a representative of the Nor­ beck progressive facti0n in the prImary. Running for re-electiOn in the Sec0nd Congressional District, which covered the sparsely populated area ",est of the Missouri River, was Franci:;; Case, a newspaper editor and pllblisher from Hot Springs. • 2 3 undations. There were many, 1 his brain tl",n>ters were under­ The first district Congressional nominee, Karl Mundt of Madison, although never having held elective cffice, was already one of the best­ ty and that they were leading the :'bese fE'"rs, exaggerated as they known politicians in the state. After losing by only 2,570 votes to Demo­ of many Americans. and it re­ cratic Congressman Fred Hildebrandt two years earlisr, he encountered lve credence to stories and no primary opposition in 1938. Holding an M.A. degree from Columbia ovemment offices and treason Teachers College, he hdd taught public school before going into the Teal estate and insurance business with his father in Madison. In addi­ tion, he taught speech, political science, and economics at Easteru lmolished the notion that Mc­ State Normal SChool until resigning in 1936 to run for Congress. He r9, 1950, in Wheel1ng, West helped organize the National Forensics League, was named state presi­ r told a Republican women's dent of the Izaak W'llton League, became district go'.remor of Kiwani~ clubs in Minnesota and the Dakotas, and served on the State Gilme and ~g Communists who were in the Dakota history provides further Fish Commission. He was also a Mason, an Elk, an Odd Fellow, 3­ lized for partisan political ends Woodman, a Methodist, and a member of the Eastern Sl:!r. He became widely known for his oratoli.cal skill and spoke frequently before civic groups. Since his chlldhood he held possessed an "urge to sell, a and 19 from unprecedented problems throughout life, according to his secretary when he entered Congress, ices, deserted tradition and he W<lS "associated with salesm<lnship and selling--products from his sidential, congressional, g uber­ truck garden, the Hsh he caught, fire extinguishers, books, y.nowledge ial and political upheaval of to students, real estate, insurance, and- -now--governmental policies and legislative ide"s." 9 ~ with the New Deal or against t busmessman. 7 On the Democratic side, Oscar Fosheim, a larmer from Howard, don of 193B in South Dakota won the gubernatorial nomination. He had been born in 1895 on the farm lttles. After six years of Demo­ his father, a Norwegian immigrant, had homesteaded 15 years earlier. :trikes, court packing, an exec­ Although he toOY. courses at South Dakota State College and at Mankato, ,nounced <!IS dictatorial, and Minnesota, he later recounted, "Most of my education was deri'J-ed when )emocratic party, the election walking back of th;: wiJlking plow in bare feet." After serving in the Army 'oalesced to vent their frustra- during World War L he sold real estate in Californi<l before returning to That year Karl Mundt first fann neilr Howard. Encouraged by friends, he ran successfully for the ltion as an outspoken anti­ legislilture i.n 1930 and won re-election to the lower house in 1932,1934, uccess and that of his Republi­ and 1936. He and Emil Loriks, the First District Congressional nominee, l.mocratic candidates who were were dubbed the "Gold Dust Twins" for their vigorous efforts to put an :. The election thus provides ore tax on the Homestake gold mine, located at Lead in the Black Hills .10 <!Irthy--<!In election in which ,mmunistic leanings in order to Loriks, a farmer from Arlington, had to dde<lt five other Democratic contenders to earn the right to oppose Karl Mundt. f, year younger th<ln Fosheim, Loriks worked <l farm that his grandfather had homesteaded when 1938 was Chan Gurney, a Yank­ the railroad came through during the early 1&80's.
Recommended publications
  • The Freeman April 1953
    APRIL 20, 1953 Russians Are People Eugene Lyons Decline of the Rule of Law F. A. Hayek The Battle Against Print Flora Rheta Schreiber Red China's Secret Weapon Victor Lasky Santayana: Alien in the World Max Eastman The Reading Company at its huge coal terminal near Perth Amboy handles as much as 4,000,000 tons annually. Most of this coal is distributed to docks in New York City and Brooklyn in 10,000-ton barges. Three new tugs powered with Fairbanks-Morse Diesels and equipped throughout with F-M Generators, Pumps and Motors are setting new records for speed and economy in this important task. Fairbanks, Morse & Co., Chicago 5, Illinois FAIRBANKS·MORSE a name worth remembering when you want the best DIESEL AND DUAL FUEL ENGINES • DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES • RAIL CARS • ELECTRICAL MACHINERY PUMPS • SCALES • HOME WATER SERVICE EQUIPMENT • FARM MACHINERY • MAGNETOS THE A Fortnightly Our Contributors For VICTOR LASKY, well-known journalist and spe­ cialist on Communism, won national renown in Individualists 1950 as co-author of the best-selling Seeds of reeman Treason. He i's editor of Spadea Syndicates. Editor HENRY HAZLITT EUGENE LYONS is particularly equipped to know Managing Editor FLORENCE NORTON and understand the Russian people, being him­ self a native of Russia and having spent many years as a correspondent in Moscow. Author of a number of books about the Soviet Union, including a biography of Stalin, he is now Contents VOL. 3, NO. 15 APRIL 20, 1953 working on a book tentatively entitled "Our Secret Weapon: the Russian People." . Editorials FLORA RHETA SCHREIBER is exceptionally quali­ The Fortnight.
    [Show full text]
  • Tufts University the American Left And
    TUFTS UNIVERSITY THE AMERICAN LEFT AND STALIN'S PURGES, 1936-38: FELLOW-TRAVELLERS AND THEIR ARGUMENTS UNDERGRADUATE HONORS THESIS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY by SUSAN T. CAULFIELD DECEMBER 1979 CONTENTS Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. SHOW TRIALS AND PURGES IN THE SOVIET UNION, 1936-38 7 III. TYPOLOGY OF ARGUMENTS 24 IV. EXPLANATIONS .••.•• 64 V. EPILOGUE: THE NAZI-SOVIET PACT 88 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 95 I. INTRODUCTION In 1936, George Soule, an editor of the New Republic, described in that magazine the feelings of a traveller just returned from the Soviet Union: ••• After a week or so he begins to miss something. He misses the hope, the enthusiasm, the intellectual vigor, the ferment of change. In Russia people have the sense that something new and better is going to happen next week. And it usually does. The feeling is a little like the excitement that accompanied the first few weeks of the New Deal. But the Soviet New Deal has been going on longer, is proyiding more and more tangible results, and retains its vitality ..• For Soule, interest in the "Soviet New Deal" was an expression of dis- content with his own society; while not going so far as to advocate So- viet solutions to American problems, he regarded Soviet progress as proof that there existed solutions to those problems superior to those offered by the New Deal. When he and others on the American Left in the 1930's found the Soviet Union a source of inspiration, praised what they saw there, and spoke at times as if they had found utopia, the phenomenon was not a new one.
    [Show full text]
  • BUY~ Am.WA~Itt O
    - - - - -- BUY~ am.WA~Itt o - C:ON~UM~~sr ~E.S~A~Cr-t ~ -- - C:ONSUM-Ft ~MO~ME.NT~ 1926 -1~ao~~-~~;~ --~ -:: --'7 ~ - ~- ~ - ,.- ·: _- - :;;;: -: ~ = ==- -- --= ~-~ --= = ~--= ::=:: ~ -- = ~ :- ~==-= - ..: :..:=- ~--= ~~ -=-~ =:---: :: .;;.~~- -= -~ ~::-:;;;: -- ~ ~:~: ~- ~ :==._---: = ---::... - ~- - ::::::. _., - - America's PIONEER ~=­ O_rgQ.n~izt~tion ~ ---- - TESTING ~- ·-::-::-~ - - -~~ ~~ -~ ' - -: - - - - for COt+S-UME.RS :i ~~~ - .= -~- =- ~-====- - -:. ~-~~""7 _E ~~ =--~ _;_-- _---:-~-_ -- --- ;;-.- - - ,.,. ::-.;:: ~.=.;;.:;,·==- - ::~- ~- ~ ~ ~==~§: -- -- ~-= - :;;--- ~::-: - :;;. ...:-:::::: ~~~~--:: ~ =;_ __ --- - -- - - Gallery 'SOCand Special Collections and University Archiv~s- }3aUerx ~- ~ __ - ~ _ _ _ -~- ~ ~--~= -: Archibald Stev_~I1S ~le~a~nder Libr~ry -__ _ January 26 to=April 15f 1995 - BUYE.~ BE.WA~E:.! C:O~SUME.~Sr ~E.SE.A~C:ti AND Tf1Er. C:ONSUM~t~ MO~MitNT~ 1926 -1980 Gallery '50 and Special Collections and University Archives Archibald Stevens Alexander Library Curator: Gregory L. Williams CONTENTS EXHffiiTION TEXT . 1 CONSUMERS' RESEARCH COLLECfiON SUMMARY ................. 10 CONSUMERS' RESEARCH HISTORY .............................. 11 BUYER BEWARE: CONSUMERS' RESEARCH AND THE CONSUMER MOVEMENT, 1926-1980 INTRODUCTION Consumer testing and rating magazines are taken for granted at the end of the 20th century. Many of these product testing or rating publications have similar names, test the same products, and look alike. Before 1927 there were no guides or booklets for consumers to turn to for non-commercial
    [Show full text]
  • 084114 March 07 Fc & Bc.Pm7
    Mr. Halleck’s New Deal: Congressman Charles Halleck and the Limits to Reform ROBERT L. FULLER harles Halleck joked after his election in 1935 that, as the sole CRepublican representative from Indiana, he held his caucus in a phone booth. However, over time Congressman Halleck rose through party ranks in the House from “waterboy” to majority leader when Republicans regained control of Congress in 1946.1 Because the GOP also won a majority of seats in the Senate, and many Southern Democrats proved cooperative in advancing Republican policies, Republicans stood a very good chance of implementing their program for America. Congressman Halleck, who had railed against the New Deal since he first took a seat in the House, stood in position to do something about it in 1947. Yet, once in office, the Republicans and Southern Democrats, supposedly so dead set against the New Deal, made very few proposals and offered hardly any legislation to alter New Deal reforms in any significant way. Aside from changing labor laws, they made no effort to overturn the legislative achievements of the 1930s that lasted longer than the Depression. Majority Leader Halleck, __________________________ Robert L. Fuller holds a Ph.D. in history from the University of Virginia. He is currently work- ing on a monograph about the banking crisis of the Great Depression. 1Charles A. Halleck to “Jim,” March 20, 1936, box 17, Charles A. Halleck Papers, Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington (henceforth CAH). INDIANA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY, 103 (March 2007) ᭧ 2007, Trustees of Indiana University. MR. HALLECK’S NEW DEAL 67 Charles Halleck Courtesy Lilly Library, Indiana University Bloomington his Republican colleagues, and their allies among the Democrats only tinkered with a few of the reforms that remained in place after the Supreme Court ruled them constitutionally sound, because by and large Halleck and other Republicans supported most New Deal reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Gareth Jones: Reviled and Forgotten
    Gareth Jones: Reviled and Forgotten How different interests shaped the perception of the Ukrainian Famine of 1932-1933 in the West MA Thesis in History: Political Culture and National Identities Leiden University Rivka Otten S1921487 Supervisor: Dr. J.H.C. Kern 4-4-2019 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4 Historiography of the Holodomor .......................................................................................... 6 Methodology and Structure of Thesis .................................................................................. 10 Chapter 1: Famine Grips Russia ............................................................................................... 13 1.1 Gareth Jones – ―An Earnest and Meticulous Little Man‖ ............................................. 14 1.2 Holodomor – Hunger As a Weapon ............................................................................... 21 1.3 The Message – ―We Are Waiting For Death‖ ................................................................ 30 Chapter 2: Voices ..................................................................................................................... 35 2.1 The Moscow Press Corps – ―Working Under a Sword of Damocles‖ ........................... 36 2.2 Exposing The Truth – ―Our Children Were Eating Grass‖ ............................................ 41 2.3 Political Pilgrims – ―Growing Pains‖ ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Culture, Power, and Mission to Moscow: Film and Soviet-American Relations During World War II
    Culture, Power, and Mission to Moscow: Film and Soviet-American Relations during World War II Todd Bennett For suggestions on how to use this article in the United States history survey course, see our “Teaching the JAH” Web site supplement at ,http://www.indiana. edu/~jah/teaching.. Following a sumptuous feast (and copious amounts of vodka), the guests, gathered around a banquet table deep within the Kremlin’s walls in May 1943, toasted Soviet- American friendship. Premier Joseph V. Stalin and Foreign Minister Vyacheslav M. Molotov praised the Grand Alliance. Anastas I. Mikoyan, the Soviet commissar for foreign trade, Lavrenty P. Beria, the head of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (Narodnyi Kommissariat Vnutrennykh Del, nkvd), and Maxim Litvinov, the Soviet ambassador to the United States, offered toasts, and the Anglo-Americans present—including the British ambassador to Moscow, Adm. William H. Standley, the reigning United States representative, and Joseph E. Davies, Washington’s former ambassador—reciprocated. The American emissary from 1936 to 1938, Davies was there because President Franklin D. Roosevelt had sent him to arrange an introductory summit with Stalin, a meeting at which Roosevelt was sure all out- standing Soviet-American differences could be ironed out. Although Davies’ pres- ence was unusual, thus far the evening had been little different from similar receptions held by Soviet leaders for their Allied comrades during World War II. On this occasion, however, the former ambassador had brought with him a movie that both he and Roosevelt hoped would convince the Soviet dictator to eschew separate peace negotiations with Adolf Hitler and to remain within the tenuous Big Three Todd Bennett is visiting assistant professor of history at the University of Nevada, Reno.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineers, Economists and Recurring Energy Theories of Value
    FROM TECHNOCRACY TO NET ENERGY ANALYSIS: ENGINEERS, ECONOMISTS AND RECURRING ENERGY THEORIES OF VALUE by Ernst R. Berndt WP#1353-82 September 1982 [R] ____________________________1__11 FROM TECHNOCRACY TO NET ENERGY ANALYSIS: ENGINEERS, ECONOMISTS AND RECURRING ENERGY THEORIES OF VALUE by Ernst R. Berndt Massachusetts Institute of Technology Revised September 1982 Studies in Energy and the American Economy Discussion Paper No. 11 MIT-EL 81-065WP Research supported by the Department of Energy, under Contract EX-76-A-01-2295, Task Order 67, is gratefully acknowledged, as is support for earlier research on this topic provided by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the M.I.T. Center for Energy Policy Research. Discussions with participants of the Energy Policy Seminar at the M.I.T. Center for Energy Policy Research are also gratefully acknowledged, as are the helpful comments of Morris Adelman, Donald Blake, Harrison Brown, Robert Evans, Bruce Hannon, Paul Heyne, M. King Hubbert, Ralph Huenemann, J.R. Norsworthy, Paul Samuelson, Anthony Scott, Kirk Smith, Peter Temin and David Wood. Bibliographical assistance from librarians at the City of Calgary, New York University, M.I.T., City of Seattle, University of British Columbia, and the City of Vancouver is greatly appreciated. Forthcoming in Anthony D. Scott et al., eds., Studies in Natural Resource Economics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983. I. Introduction "Pragmatically, a way to begin would be to set up a capability in government to budget according to flows of energy rather than money. Energy is the all-pervasive underlying currency of our society."1 - U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Influence in the Cover-Up of the Holodomor
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Fall 1-3-2020 Western Influence in the Cover-up of the Holodomor Michael Galka-Giaquinto CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/555 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Western Influence in the Cover-up of the Holodomor by Michael Galka-Giaquinto Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History, Hunter College The City University of New York Fall 2019 01/03/2020 Prof. Elidor Mëhilli Date Thesis Sponsor 01/03/2020 Prof. Benjamin Hett Date Second Reader Western Influence in the Cover-up of the Holodomor | Michael Galka-Giaquinto Table of Contents Abstract: p. 2 Preface: p. 2 Introduction: pp. 3-6 Chapter 1 - A Coveted Land: pp. 6-8 Chapter 2 - Bolshevik Extremism in Ukraine: pp. 8-15 Chapter 3 - Walter Duranty: pp. 15-17 Chapter 4 - Elitism, NEP, and Misinformation: pp. 17-23 Chapter 5 - The Foreign Press and the Cover-up of the Holodomor: pp. 23-34 Chapter 6 - The British Foreign Office, Diplomacy, and the Famine: pp. 34-47 Conclusion: pp. 48-50 Bibliography: pp. 51-56 1 Western Influence in the Cover-up of the Holodomor | Michael Galka-Giaquinto Abstract This paper discusses how the Holodomor (Ukrainian Genocide of 1932-1933) was effectively covered up by Stalin with the help of compliant actors in the West.
    [Show full text]
  • THE RED DECADE by EUGENE LYONS
    THE RED DECADE By EUGENE LYONS THE WE AND DEATH OF SACCOAND v ANZE'ITI Moscow CARRoUSEL Six Sovrsr PLAYS (ed.) WE CoVER THE WoRLn (ed.) AssIGNMENT IN UTOPIA STALIN, CZAR OF Au. THE RusSIAS \ THE RED DECADE The Stalinist Penetration of America ,/ r Eugene Lyons I<! ?~tdi 1 n. ~ ~ 11 __..._,~t..4..i THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY PUBLISHERS INDIANAPOLIS NEW YORK COPYRIGHT, 1941, BY THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY FIRST EDITION PRINTED AND BOUND BY THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS CORP. G,ARDEN CITY, N. Y., U.S. A. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION: IN DEFENSE OF RED-BAITING • 9 I THE FIVE AGES OF THE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL. 20 II A PARTY Is BoRN • • • • • 29 III BORING FROM WITHIN • • • • 37 IV THE Moscow SoLAR SYSTEM • • 47 v THE AMERICAN PARTY Is PURGED 53 VI A Mn.QUETOAST TAKES COMMAND • 63 VII THE RED DECADE DAWNS • • • 70 VIII FASCISM HAs THE RIGHT OF WAY • 82 IX THE CULT OF RussIA-WoRSHIP. 92 x THE LmERALS INVENT A UTOPIA • • 102 XI APOLOGISTSDo THEIR STUFF • • 114 XII THE RED CULTURAL RENAISSANCE. 128 XIII MoRE PLANETS ARE LAUNCHED • • 141 XIV Moscow Aoor-rs THE TROJAN HoRSE. 158 xv COMMUNISM BECOMES AMERICANISM• 170 XVI THE INCREDIBLEREVOLUTION SPREADS 183 XVII AMERICAN LEAGUE FOR SOVIET w AR MONGERING• 195 XVIII STALIN's CHILDREN'S HoUR IN THE U.SA .. 204 XIX STALIN MUSCLES IN ON AMERICAN LlBOR. • 219 xx RussIAN PURGES AND AMERICAN LIBERALS . 235 XXI HOORAY FOR MURDER! • • • • •• • 246 XXII "FRIENDS OF THE G.P.U." • • • • • 257 XXIII CoCICTAn.s FOR SPANISH DEMOCRACY. 268 XXIV REVOLUTION COMES TO HOLLYWOODAND BROADWAY • 284 xxv AMERICA'S OWN POPULAR FRONT GOVERNMENT 298 XXVI THE TYPEWRITER FRONT • • .
    [Show full text]
  • Unwritten: the Hidden History of the Holodomor
    Liberty University Unwritten: The Hidden History of the Holodomor A Thesis Submitted to the Department of History by Amy Whisman Vineland, New Jersey April 2018 Abstract Between 1930 and 1933, Joseph Stalin unleashed an assault on Ukraine that resulted in the starvation of 5 million people. Their story went untold for decades. The fact that Soviet propaganda was largely successful in suppressing the truth speaks less to its sophistication than to the gullibility and complicity of Westerners. Although there were truth-tellers from Great Britain, the United States, and even Europe who accurately reported on the Ukrainian famine, Stalin understood that such voices could be effectively neutralized. Because the story of the Holodomor remained essentially unwritten, the West did not recognize it as the legitimate offspring of Communist ideology. The oversight allowed space and time for Communist doctrine to proliferate outside the bounds of historical judgment. Western intellectuals espoused and promoted Soviet ideology, granting it a measure of acceptability that would have been precluded by the accurate historical account of Communism as a conveyer of immeasurable injustice and suffering. ii Statement of Purpose Philosophy was once considered the handmaiden of theology. Unfortunately, it reached a state of autonomy in the modern era and unleashed all manner of untenable thought systems that are inconsistent with man’s actual experience of the world. It is necessary, therefore, to drive these false ideologies to their logical conclusions by identifying the real-world consequences they have produced. In other words, by writing their history. Jesus said that wisdom is proved right by her children; it must be that history serves as the handmaiden to theology.
    [Show full text]
  • THE UKRAINIAN GENOCIDE/HOLODOMOR, 1932-1933 Educational Materials on the Holodomor, the Famine-Genocide Carried out by Stalin'
    THE UKRAINIAN GENOCIDE/HOLODOMOR, 1932-1933 A CURRICULUM and RESOURCE GUIDE for EDUCATORS* Educational materials on the Holodomor, the Famine-Genocide carried out by Stalin’s Communist regime in Ukraine. Image: Roman Zavadovych *Prepared by Professor Myron B. Kuropas, Ph.D., public member, Ukraine Famine Commission, with the assistance of the Ukraine Famine Commission, Dr. James Mace, Director, and the cooperation of the Ukrainian Genocide Foundation, Mr. Nicholas Mischenko, President. Illinois School Code Holocaust and Genocide Study * (105 ILCS 5/27-20.3) (from Ch. 122, par. 27-20.3) “One of the universal lessons of the Holocaust is that national, ethnic, racial, or religious hatred can overtake any nation or society, leading to calamitous consequences. To reinforce that lesson, such curriculum shall include an additional unit of instruction studying other acts of genocide across the globe. This unit shall include, but not be limited to, the Armenian Genocide, the Famine-Genocide in Ukraine, and more recent atrocities in Cambodia, Bosnia, Rwanda, and Sudan.” *House Bill 312 Amends the Illinois School Code to mandate study of the Armenian Genocide, Famine-Genocide in Ukraine, and the genocides in Cambodia, Bosnia, Rwanda and Sudan. HB 312 was passed by the Illinois House on 3/1/2005 and by the Illinois Senate on 5/11/2005. The changes are expected to take effect on 8/9/2005. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Illinois School Code 2 Overview 4 An Educator’s Curriculum Guide Rationale 5 Goals & Objectives 7 Course Outline 8 Soviet Policy and The Ukrainian Genocide/Holodomor 9 Organizing the Ukrainian Genocide/Holodomor 12 The Ukrainain Genocide/Holodomor in Perspective 15 Press Cover-Up of the Ukrainian Genocide/Holodomor 21 The New York Times Covers Up! 23 The Soviet Government Was to Blame 24 Soviet Denials 25 Was Ukraine’s Holodomor Really A Genocide? 26 Food as a Political Weapon 29 Ukrainian Genocide/Holodomor Vocabulary 30 Suggested Student Activities 32 Teacher Resources 38 Bibliography 39 3 OVERVIEW The 20th century was a time of great human tragedies.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Politics: Consumers and the Public Good During the “Jazz Age”
    Lawrence B. Glickman Rethinking Politics: Consumers and the Public Good during the “Jazz Age” he 1920s are often understood as Whatever critical spirit remained from a time of economic abundance the previous decade transmogrified Tand political quiescence. itself from progressive activism to the Frequently the decade’s supposed cynicism characteristic of the “lost political lethargy and conservatism is generation.” Thus Paul Carter entitles seen as a consequence of its supposed the introductory chapter of his survey affluence. With progressive energies text on the decade, “Of Bohemians and exhausted—weakened by World Consumers.” This title characterizes War I and the domestic repression the two sides of declining political that accompanied and followed engagement: the cynical artiste and the it—and with the economy booming, solipsistic shopper (1). Americans, in this stereotypical Indeed, the 1920s did represent a vision, turned inward. Enjoying the takeoff period for consumer society. private pleasures afforded by the During the decade, pundits, scholars, new affluence of the “jazz age,” and many ordinary Americans claimed they displayed either indifference to be observing an epochal and or cynicism to the well-being of the multifaceted transformation whose key public sphere. feature was a shift from production to Commentators often speak of the consumption. While a robust consumer rise of “consumer society” in the 1920s economy had been developing since as a way to encapsulate these political at least the market revolution of the and economic transformations. They early nineteenth-century, several frequently use the term to explain elements converged in the 1920s the economic vibrancy and political to create a fully mature consumer passivity that they take to characterize society.
    [Show full text]